"Dehydrogenase-modified Carbon-fibre Micro-electrodes For The Measurement Of Neurotransmitter Dynamics. 2. Covalent Modification Utilizing Avidin - Biotin Technology"
Anal. Chem.
1993 Volume 65, Issue 5 Pages 623-630
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Paul Pantano and Werner G. Kuhr
Abstract:
The carboxy-groups on the surface of 10 µm carbon-fiber micro-electrodes fabricated as described in Part I (Ibid., 1993, 65, 617) and pre-treated electrochemically were activated by 30 mg mL-1 of 1-(-3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodi-imide in phosphate buffer of pH 6.5 for 12 h and the electrodes were then dipped for 3 h into a phosphate-buffered (pH 7.4) solution of 43 mM poly(oxyalkylene)diamine to attach a 'tether' via an amide bond. The electrodes were placed in 5 mg mL-1 of phosphate-buffered sulfo-NHS-biotin (NHS = N-hydroxysuccinimide) solution for 2 h and then in 25 µM-ExtrAvidin solution at 5°C for 6 to 12 h before treatment with glutamate dehydrogenase (or alcohol dehydrogenase) biotinylated by sulfo-NHS-biotin or with commercial biotin-labelled glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase at 5°C for 12 to 24 h. Full procedural details are given, and optimum derivatization conditions for dimer, tetramer and hexamer dehydrogenases are demonstrated. The resulting electrodes were applied in phosphate buffered medium (pH 8.5) for fast-scan cyclic staircase voltammetry of NADH and in the determination of glutamate, glucose-6-phosphate or ethanol with use of the appropriate enzyme electrode to reduce NAD(P)+ to NAD(P)H; flow injection analyzes were performed as in Part I (Ibid., 1993, 65, 617). Response times ranged from 0.53 to 2.2 s, and the electrodes showed good selectivity for the cited analytes over aspartate, fructose and methanol, respectively; the detection limit and the rectilinear response range for glutamate were 0.5 mM and 1 to 60 mM, respectively.
Glutamate
Detector
Enzyme
Optimization
