FAD: Techniques

Contact Info

Stuart Chalk, Ph.D.
Department of Chemistry
University of North Florida
Phone: 1-904-620-1938
Fax: 1-904-620-3535
Email: schalk@unf.edu
Website: @unf

Voltammetry

Classification: Voltammetry -> fast scan

Citations 2

'Dehydrogenase-modified Carbon-fibre Micro-electrodes For The Measurement Of Neurotransmitter Dynamics. 1. NADH Voltammetry', Anal. Chem., 1993 65(5) 617-622

"Dehydrogenase-modified Carbon-fibre Micro-electrodes For The Measurement Of Neurotransmitter Dynamics. 1. NADH Voltammetry"
Anal. Chem. 1993 Volume 65, Issue 5 Pages 617-622

Notice (8): Undefined variable: uid [APP/View/Elements/citation.ctp, line 40]Code Context                ?>
                <?php
                if($uid!='') {
$viewFile = '/home/stuchalk/public_html/fad/app/View/Elements/citation.ctp'
$dataForView = array(
	'data' => array(
		'Technique' => array(
			'id' => '0523',
			'label' => 'Voltammetry',
			'level1' => 'Voltammetry',
			'level2' => 'fast scan',
			'level3' => '',
			'level4' => '',
			'level5' => '',
			'synonyms' => '',
			'champ' => '',
			'total' => '2',
			'updated' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'name' => 'Voltammetry, fast scan',
			'nametotal' => 'Voltammetry, fast scan**2',
			'first' => 'V'
		),
		'Citation' => array(
			(int) 0 => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			(int) 1 => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		)
	),
	'c' => array(
		'id' => '008690',
		'authors' => 'Kuhr, W.G.;Barrett, V.L.;Gagnon, M.R.;Hopper, P.;Pantano, P.',
		'authorsweb' => 'Werner G. Kuhr, Valerie L. Barrett, Michelle R. Gagnon, Phillip Hopper, and Paul Pantano',
		'title' => 'Dehydrogenase-modified carbon-fibre micro-electrodes for the measurement of neurotransmitter dynamics. 1. NADH voltammetry',
		'journal' => 'Anal. Chem.',
		'journal_id' => '0499',
		'fadid' => 'ANCH1993V0065P00617',
		'year' => '1993',
		'volume' => '65',
		'issue' => '5',
		'startpage' => '617',
		'endpage' => '622',
		'type' => 'Journal Article',
		'analytes' => ';1579;',
		'matrices' => '',
		'techniques' => ';0523;0068;0173;',
		'keywords' => ';0111;0302;0313;',
		'abstract' => 'A C fiber (10 &micro;m diameter) sealed into a glass capillary tube was polished, then treated electrochemically by application of a 50-Hz cyclic potential waveform (initial potential -0.2 V vs. Ag - AgCl) for 3 s, with a switching potential of 1.8 or 2.0 V, in a medium of phosphate (pH 12), phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) or 1.0 M HCl. Cyclic staircase voltammetry with the variously treated electrodes at different scan rates was applied to 1 mM NADH in 150 mM NaCl - 100 mM Na phosphate buffer of pH 7.4; the peak shape and extent of adsorption of NADH depended on the electrode pre-treatment conditions. Scanning at 10 V s-1 led to oxidation of NADH and fouling of the electrode, but consistent and reproducible voltammograms were obtained with scanning at 100 V s-1. Fast-scan voltammetry was used to monitor NADH generated by glutamate dehydrogenase-catalyzed oxidative deamination of glutamate in the presence of NAD+, the enzyme being held within a hollow-fiber micro-dialysis membrane (150 &micro;m i.d.) mounted at the tip of the micro-electrode in a flow injection analysis system. The response time was 17 &plusmn; 6 s; despite problems of depressed current response (attributed to adsorption of the enzyme on to the C), the design should be capable of optimization to allow in vivo analysis of neurotransmitter dynamics.',
		'language' => 'English',
		'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
		'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
		'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
		'hits' => '1',
		'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 18:37:09',
		'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
		'pauthor_id' => '01087',
		'pauthor' => '!Kuhr, W.G.',
		'address' => 'pau',
		'email' => 'pau',
		'notes' => null,
		'url' => '10.1021/ac00053a022',
		'urltype' => 'doi',
		'gotpdf' => 'yes',
		'partial' => 'no',
		'notanalyte' => '',
		'citation' => ''Dehydrogenase-modified carbon-fibre micro-electrodes for the measurement of neurotransmitter dynamics. 1. NADH voltammetry', Anal. Chem., 1993 65(5) 617-622',
		'firstchar' => 'D',
		'twochars' => 'De',
		'CitationsTechnique' => array(
			'id' => '006539',
			'citation_id' => '008690',
			'technique_id' => '0523'
		),
		'Analyte' => array(
			(int) 0 => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		'Matrix' => array(),
		'Keyword' => array(
			(int) 0 => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			(int) 1 => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			(int) 2 => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		)
	),
	'i' => (int) 0
)
$data = array(
	'Technique' => array(
		'id' => '0523',
		'label' => 'Voltammetry',
		'level1' => 'Voltammetry',
		'level2' => 'fast scan',
		'level3' => '',
		'level4' => '',
		'level5' => '',
		'synonyms' => '',
		'champ' => '',
		'total' => '2',
		'updated' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
		'name' => 'Voltammetry, fast scan',
		'nametotal' => 'Voltammetry, fast scan**2',
		'first' => 'V'
	),
	'Citation' => array(
		(int) 0 => array(
			'id' => '008690',
			'authors' => 'Kuhr, W.G.;Barrett, V.L.;Gagnon, M.R.;Hopper, P.;Pantano, P.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Werner G. Kuhr, Valerie L. Barrett, Michelle R. Gagnon, Phillip Hopper, and Paul Pantano',
			'title' => 'Dehydrogenase-modified carbon-fibre micro-electrodes for the measurement of neurotransmitter dynamics. 1. NADH voltammetry',
			'journal' => 'Anal. Chem.',
			'journal_id' => '0499',
			'fadid' => 'ANCH1993V0065P00617',
			'year' => '1993',
			'volume' => '65',
			'issue' => '5',
			'startpage' => '617',
			'endpage' => '622',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';1579;',
			'matrices' => '',
			'techniques' => ';0523;0068;0173;',
			'keywords' => ';0111;0302;0313;',
			'abstract' => 'A C fiber (10 &micro;m diameter) sealed into a glass capillary tube was polished, then treated electrochemically by application of a 50-Hz cyclic potential waveform (initial potential -0.2 V vs. Ag - AgCl) for 3 s, with a switching potential of 1.8 or 2.0 V, in a medium of phosphate (pH 12), phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) or 1.0 M HCl. Cyclic staircase voltammetry with the variously treated electrodes at different scan rates was applied to 1 mM NADH in 150 mM NaCl - 100 mM Na phosphate buffer of pH 7.4; the peak shape and extent of adsorption of NADH depended on the electrode pre-treatment conditions. Scanning at 10 V s-1 led to oxidation of NADH and fouling of the electrode, but consistent and reproducible voltammograms were obtained with scanning at 100 V s-1. Fast-scan voltammetry was used to monitor NADH generated by glutamate dehydrogenase-catalyzed oxidative deamination of glutamate in the presence of NAD+, the enzyme being held within a hollow-fiber micro-dialysis membrane (150 &micro;m i.d.) mounted at the tip of the micro-electrode in a flow injection analysis system. The response time was 17 &plusmn; 6 s; despite problems of depressed current response (attributed to adsorption of the enzyme on to the C), the design should be capable of optimization to allow in vivo analysis of neurotransmitter dynamics.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '1',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 18:37:09',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '01087',
			'pauthor' => '!Kuhr, W.G.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1021/ac00053a022',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Dehydrogenase-modified carbon-fibre micro-electrodes for the measurement of neurotransmitter dynamics. 1. NADH voltammetry', Anal. Chem., 1993 65(5) 617-622',
			'firstchar' => 'D',
			'twochars' => 'De',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 1 => array(
			'id' => '009977',
			'authors' => 'Lai, R.;Huang, E.L.;Zhou, F.M.;Wipf, D.O.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Rebecca Lai, Eva L. Huang, Feimeng Zhou *, David O. Wipf',
			'title' => 'Selective determination of methylmercury by flow injection fast-scan voltammetry',
			'journal' => 'Electroanalysis',
			'journal_id' => '1003',
			'fadid' => 'ELAN1998V0010P00926',
			'year' => '1998',
			'volume' => '10',
			'issue' => '13',
			'startpage' => '926',
			'endpage' => '930',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';1454;',
			'matrices' => ';0689;0204;',
			'techniques' => ';0523;0197;0173;',
			'keywords' => ';0436;0302;0043;',
			'abstract' => 'A simple flow injection system, suitable for solution flow rates at microliters-per-minute, was combined with fast-scan voltammetry for selective determination of MeHg+. A thin Hg film was formed at a Pt microelectrode prior to the measurement. Detection of MeHg+ is carried out by measuring the oxidation of MeHg radicals that were generated at the Hg microelectrode. At slow scan rates, the electrogenerated MeHg radicals undergo a follow-up dimerization reaction to form M2Hg2 (ErCi2 mechanism). At fast scan rates, MeHg radicals can be quantitatively reoxidized (reversible electron-transfer). Optimization of the experimental conditions of the system was performed based on studies of the relationship between the scan rate and the dimerization rate of the MeHg radical. Under optimized conditions, detection level of sub-nanomole was obtained with a sample consumption <10 &micro;L, and the concentration. detection limit for MeHg+ at 50 V/s was estimated to be ~0.56 &micro;M. To demonstrate the applicability of this method to automatic analysis, repetitive fast-scan cyclic voltammetry was conducted in conjunction with multiple sample injections. Determination of MeHg+ in the presence of excess inorganic Hg was also conducted. This approach to MeHg+ determination was successfully applied to the analysis of elevated dogfish muscle samples.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '13',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 14:12:43',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '00440',
			'pauthor' => '!Zhou, F.M.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1002/(SICI)1521-4109(199810)10:13<926::AID-ELAN926>3.3.CO;2-C',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Selective determination of methylmercury by flow injection fast-scan voltammetry', Electroanalysis, 1998 10(13) 926-930',
			'firstchar' => 'S',
			'twochars' => 'Se',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Matrix' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		)
	)
)
$c = array(
	'id' => '008690',
	'authors' => 'Kuhr, W.G.;Barrett, V.L.;Gagnon, M.R.;Hopper, P.;Pantano, P.',
	'authorsweb' => 'Werner G. Kuhr, Valerie L. Barrett, Michelle R. Gagnon, Phillip Hopper, and Paul Pantano',
	'title' => 'Dehydrogenase-modified carbon-fibre micro-electrodes for the measurement of neurotransmitter dynamics. 1. NADH voltammetry',
	'journal' => 'Anal. Chem.',
	'journal_id' => '0499',
	'fadid' => 'ANCH1993V0065P00617',
	'year' => '1993',
	'volume' => '65',
	'issue' => '5',
	'startpage' => '617',
	'endpage' => '622',
	'type' => 'Journal Article',
	'analytes' => ';1579;',
	'matrices' => '',
	'techniques' => ';0523;0068;0173;',
	'keywords' => ';0111;0302;0313;',
	'abstract' => 'A C fiber (10 &micro;m diameter) sealed into a glass capillary tube was polished, then treated electrochemically by application of a 50-Hz cyclic potential waveform (initial potential -0.2 V vs. Ag - AgCl) for 3 s, with a switching potential of 1.8 or 2.0 V, in a medium of phosphate (pH 12), phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) or 1.0 M HCl. Cyclic staircase voltammetry with the variously treated electrodes at different scan rates was applied to 1 mM NADH in 150 mM NaCl - 100 mM Na phosphate buffer of pH 7.4; the peak shape and extent of adsorption of NADH depended on the electrode pre-treatment conditions. Scanning at 10 V s-1 led to oxidation of NADH and fouling of the electrode, but consistent and reproducible voltammograms were obtained with scanning at 100 V s-1. Fast-scan voltammetry was used to monitor NADH generated by glutamate dehydrogenase-catalyzed oxidative deamination of glutamate in the presence of NAD+, the enzyme being held within a hollow-fiber micro-dialysis membrane (150 &micro;m i.d.) mounted at the tip of the micro-electrode in a flow injection analysis system. The response time was 17 &plusmn; 6 s; despite problems of depressed current response (attributed to adsorption of the enzyme on to the C), the design should be capable of optimization to allow in vivo analysis of neurotransmitter dynamics.',
	'language' => 'English',
	'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
	'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
	'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
	'hits' => '1',
	'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 18:37:09',
	'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
	'pauthor_id' => '01087',
	'pauthor' => '!Kuhr, W.G.',
	'address' => 'pau',
	'email' => 'pau',
	'notes' => null,
	'url' => '10.1021/ac00053a022',
	'urltype' => 'doi',
	'gotpdf' => 'yes',
	'partial' => 'no',
	'notanalyte' => '',
	'citation' => ''Dehydrogenase-modified carbon-fibre micro-electrodes for the measurement of neurotransmitter dynamics. 1. NADH voltammetry', Anal. Chem., 1993 65(5) 617-622',
	'firstchar' => 'D',
	'twochars' => 'De',
	'CitationsTechnique' => array(
		'id' => '006539',
		'citation_id' => '008690',
		'technique_id' => '0523'
	),
	'Analyte' => array(
		(int) 0 => array(
			'id' => '01579',
			'name' => 'Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidized',
			'iupac_name' => '',
			'casrn' => '53-59-8',
			'synonyms' => 'NADP+',
			'total' => '10',
			'inchi' => 'InChI=1S/C21H28N7O17P3/c22-17-12-19(25-7-24-17)28(8-26-12)21-16(44-46(33,34)35)14(30)11(43-21)6-41-48(38,39)45-47(36,37)40-5-10-13(29)15(31)20(42-10)27-3-1-2-9(4-27)18(23)32/h1-4,7-8,10-11,13-16,20-21,29-31H,5-6H2,(H7-,22,23,24,25,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39)',
			'inchikey' => '',
			'formula' => 'C21H28N7O17P3',
			'oxstate' => null,
			'url' => '',
			'charge' => null,
			'class1' => 'Biological',
			'class2' => 'NA',
			'class3' => 'NA',
			'class4' => 'Molecule',
			'class5' => '',
			'isgroup' => '',
			'checked' => 'yes',
			'citation_count' => '0',
			'updated' => '2015-12-11 09:53:17',
			'first' => 'N',
			'nametotal' => 'Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidized**10',
			'AnalytesCitation' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		)
	),
	'Matrix' => array(),
	'Keyword' => array(
		(int) 0 => array(
			'id' => '0111',
			'type' => 'Manifold process',
			'keyword' => 'Dialysis',
			'newKeyword' => '',
			'synonyms' => '',
			'fao' => '',
			'total' => '232',
			'first' => 'D',
			'keytotal' => 'Dialysis**232',
			'CitationsKeyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 1 => array(
			'id' => '0302',
			'type' => 'Feature',
			'keyword' => 'Optimization',
			'newKeyword' => '',
			'synonyms' => '',
			'fao' => '',
			'total' => '1069',
			'first' => 'O',
			'keytotal' => 'Optimization**1069',
			'CitationsKeyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 2 => array(
			'id' => '0313',
			'type' => 'Signal processing',
			'keyword' => 'Peak shape',
			'newKeyword' => '',
			'synonyms' => '',
			'fao' => '',
			'total' => '22',
			'first' => 'P',
			'keytotal' => 'Peak shape**22',
			'CitationsKeyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		)
	)
)
$i = (int) 0
$path = ''
$a = ''
$url = 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac00053a022'
$aus = 'Werner G. Kuhr, Valerie L. Barrett, Michelle R. Gagnon, Phillip Hopper, and Paul Pantano'
include - APP/View/Elements/citation.ctp, line 40
View::_evaluate() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 971
View::_render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 933
View::_renderElement() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 1224
View::element() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 418
include - APP/View/Techniques/view.ctp, line 52
View::_evaluate() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 971
View::_render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 933
View::render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 473
Controller::render() - CORE/Cake/Controller/Controller.php, line 968
Dispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/Cake/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 200
Dispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/Cake/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 167
[main] - APP/webroot/index.php, line 109

Werner G. Kuhr, Valerie L. Barrett, Michelle R. Gagnon, Phillip Hopper, and Paul Pantano

Abstract: A C fiber (10 µm diameter) sealed into a glass capillary tube was polished, then treated electrochemically by application of a 50-Hz cyclic potential waveform (initial potential -0.2 V vs. Ag - AgCl) for 3 s, with a switching potential of 1.8 or 2.0 V, in a medium of phosphate (pH 12), phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) or 1.0 M HCl. Cyclic staircase voltammetry with the variously treated electrodes at different scan rates was applied to 1 mM NADH in 150 mM NaCl - 100 mM Na phosphate buffer of pH 7.4; the peak shape and extent of adsorption of NADH depended on the electrode pre-treatment conditions. Scanning at 10 V s-1 led to oxidation of NADH and fouling of the electrode, but consistent and reproducible voltammograms were obtained with scanning at 100 V s-1. Fast-scan voltammetry was used to monitor NADH generated by glutamate dehydrogenase-catalyzed oxidative deamination of glutamate in the presence of NAD+, the enzyme being held within a hollow-fiber micro-dialysis membrane (150 µm i.d.) mounted at the tip of the micro-electrode in a flow injection analysis system. The response time was 17 ± 6 s; despite problems of depressed current response (attributed to adsorption of the enzyme on to the C), the design should be capable of optimization to allow in vivo analysis of neurotransmitter dynamics.

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidized Dialysis Optimization Peak shape

'Selective Determination Of Methylmercury By Flow Injection Fast-scan Voltammetry', Electroanalysis, 1998 10(13) 926-930

"Selective Determination Of Methylmercury By Flow Injection Fast-scan Voltammetry"
Electroanalysis 1998 Volume 10, Issue 13 Pages 926-930

Notice (8): Undefined variable: uid [APP/View/Elements/citation.ctp, line 40]Code Context                ?>
                <?php
                if($uid!='') {
$viewFile = '/home/stuchalk/public_html/fad/app/View/Elements/citation.ctp'
$dataForView = array(
	'data' => array(
		'Technique' => array(
			'id' => '0523',
			'label' => 'Voltammetry',
			'level1' => 'Voltammetry',
			'level2' => 'fast scan',
			'level3' => '',
			'level4' => '',
			'level5' => '',
			'synonyms' => '',
			'champ' => '',
			'total' => '2',
			'updated' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'name' => 'Voltammetry, fast scan',
			'nametotal' => 'Voltammetry, fast scan**2',
			'first' => 'V'
		),
		'Citation' => array(
			(int) 0 => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			(int) 1 => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		)
	),
	'c' => array(
		'id' => '009977',
		'authors' => 'Lai, R.;Huang, E.L.;Zhou, F.M.;Wipf, D.O.',
		'authorsweb' => 'Rebecca Lai, Eva L. Huang, Feimeng Zhou *, David O. Wipf',
		'title' => 'Selective determination of methylmercury by flow injection fast-scan voltammetry',
		'journal' => 'Electroanalysis',
		'journal_id' => '1003',
		'fadid' => 'ELAN1998V0010P00926',
		'year' => '1998',
		'volume' => '10',
		'issue' => '13',
		'startpage' => '926',
		'endpage' => '930',
		'type' => 'Journal Article',
		'analytes' => ';1454;',
		'matrices' => ';0689;0204;',
		'techniques' => ';0523;0197;0173;',
		'keywords' => ';0436;0302;0043;',
		'abstract' => 'A simple flow injection system, suitable for solution flow rates at microliters-per-minute, was combined with fast-scan voltammetry for selective determination of MeHg+. A thin Hg film was formed at a Pt microelectrode prior to the measurement. Detection of MeHg+ is carried out by measuring the oxidation of MeHg radicals that were generated at the Hg microelectrode. At slow scan rates, the electrogenerated MeHg radicals undergo a follow-up dimerization reaction to form M2Hg2 (ErCi2 mechanism). At fast scan rates, MeHg radicals can be quantitatively reoxidized (reversible electron-transfer). Optimization of the experimental conditions of the system was performed based on studies of the relationship between the scan rate and the dimerization rate of the MeHg radical. Under optimized conditions, detection level of sub-nanomole was obtained with a sample consumption <10 &micro;L, and the concentration. detection limit for MeHg+ at 50 V/s was estimated to be ~0.56 &micro;M. To demonstrate the applicability of this method to automatic analysis, repetitive fast-scan cyclic voltammetry was conducted in conjunction with multiple sample injections. Determination of MeHg+ in the presence of excess inorganic Hg was also conducted. This approach to MeHg+ determination was successfully applied to the analysis of elevated dogfish muscle samples.',
		'language' => 'English',
		'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
		'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
		'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
		'hits' => '13',
		'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 14:12:43',
		'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
		'pauthor_id' => '00440',
		'pauthor' => '!Zhou, F.M.',
		'address' => 'pau',
		'email' => 'pau',
		'notes' => null,
		'url' => '10.1002/(SICI)1521-4109(199810)10:13<926::AID-ELAN926>3.3.CO;2-C',
		'urltype' => 'doi',
		'gotpdf' => 'yes',
		'partial' => 'no',
		'notanalyte' => '',
		'citation' => ''Selective determination of methylmercury by flow injection fast-scan voltammetry', Electroanalysis, 1998 10(13) 926-930',
		'firstchar' => 'S',
		'twochars' => 'Se',
		'CitationsTechnique' => array(
			'id' => '008757',
			'citation_id' => '009977',
			'technique_id' => '0523'
		),
		'Analyte' => array(
			(int) 0 => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		'Matrix' => array(
			(int) 0 => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			(int) 1 => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		'Keyword' => array(
			(int) 0 => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			(int) 1 => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			(int) 2 => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		)
	),
	'i' => (int) 1
)
$data = array(
	'Technique' => array(
		'id' => '0523',
		'label' => 'Voltammetry',
		'level1' => 'Voltammetry',
		'level2' => 'fast scan',
		'level3' => '',
		'level4' => '',
		'level5' => '',
		'synonyms' => '',
		'champ' => '',
		'total' => '2',
		'updated' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
		'name' => 'Voltammetry, fast scan',
		'nametotal' => 'Voltammetry, fast scan**2',
		'first' => 'V'
	),
	'Citation' => array(
		(int) 0 => array(
			'id' => '008690',
			'authors' => 'Kuhr, W.G.;Barrett, V.L.;Gagnon, M.R.;Hopper, P.;Pantano, P.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Werner G. Kuhr, Valerie L. Barrett, Michelle R. Gagnon, Phillip Hopper, and Paul Pantano',
			'title' => 'Dehydrogenase-modified carbon-fibre micro-electrodes for the measurement of neurotransmitter dynamics. 1. NADH voltammetry',
			'journal' => 'Anal. Chem.',
			'journal_id' => '0499',
			'fadid' => 'ANCH1993V0065P00617',
			'year' => '1993',
			'volume' => '65',
			'issue' => '5',
			'startpage' => '617',
			'endpage' => '622',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';1579;',
			'matrices' => '',
			'techniques' => ';0523;0068;0173;',
			'keywords' => ';0111;0302;0313;',
			'abstract' => 'A C fiber (10 &micro;m diameter) sealed into a glass capillary tube was polished, then treated electrochemically by application of a 50-Hz cyclic potential waveform (initial potential -0.2 V vs. Ag - AgCl) for 3 s, with a switching potential of 1.8 or 2.0 V, in a medium of phosphate (pH 12), phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) or 1.0 M HCl. Cyclic staircase voltammetry with the variously treated electrodes at different scan rates was applied to 1 mM NADH in 150 mM NaCl - 100 mM Na phosphate buffer of pH 7.4; the peak shape and extent of adsorption of NADH depended on the electrode pre-treatment conditions. Scanning at 10 V s-1 led to oxidation of NADH and fouling of the electrode, but consistent and reproducible voltammograms were obtained with scanning at 100 V s-1. Fast-scan voltammetry was used to monitor NADH generated by glutamate dehydrogenase-catalyzed oxidative deamination of glutamate in the presence of NAD+, the enzyme being held within a hollow-fiber micro-dialysis membrane (150 &micro;m i.d.) mounted at the tip of the micro-electrode in a flow injection analysis system. The response time was 17 &plusmn; 6 s; despite problems of depressed current response (attributed to adsorption of the enzyme on to the C), the design should be capable of optimization to allow in vivo analysis of neurotransmitter dynamics.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '1',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 18:37:09',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '01087',
			'pauthor' => '!Kuhr, W.G.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1021/ac00053a022',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Dehydrogenase-modified carbon-fibre micro-electrodes for the measurement of neurotransmitter dynamics. 1. NADH voltammetry', Anal. Chem., 1993 65(5) 617-622',
			'firstchar' => 'D',
			'twochars' => 'De',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 1 => array(
			'id' => '009977',
			'authors' => 'Lai, R.;Huang, E.L.;Zhou, F.M.;Wipf, D.O.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Rebecca Lai, Eva L. Huang, Feimeng Zhou *, David O. Wipf',
			'title' => 'Selective determination of methylmercury by flow injection fast-scan voltammetry',
			'journal' => 'Electroanalysis',
			'journal_id' => '1003',
			'fadid' => 'ELAN1998V0010P00926',
			'year' => '1998',
			'volume' => '10',
			'issue' => '13',
			'startpage' => '926',
			'endpage' => '930',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';1454;',
			'matrices' => ';0689;0204;',
			'techniques' => ';0523;0197;0173;',
			'keywords' => ';0436;0302;0043;',
			'abstract' => 'A simple flow injection system, suitable for solution flow rates at microliters-per-minute, was combined with fast-scan voltammetry for selective determination of MeHg+. A thin Hg film was formed at a Pt microelectrode prior to the measurement. Detection of MeHg+ is carried out by measuring the oxidation of MeHg radicals that were generated at the Hg microelectrode. At slow scan rates, the electrogenerated MeHg radicals undergo a follow-up dimerization reaction to form M2Hg2 (ErCi2 mechanism). At fast scan rates, MeHg radicals can be quantitatively reoxidized (reversible electron-transfer). Optimization of the experimental conditions of the system was performed based on studies of the relationship between the scan rate and the dimerization rate of the MeHg radical. Under optimized conditions, detection level of sub-nanomole was obtained with a sample consumption <10 &micro;L, and the concentration. detection limit for MeHg+ at 50 V/s was estimated to be ~0.56 &micro;M. To demonstrate the applicability of this method to automatic analysis, repetitive fast-scan cyclic voltammetry was conducted in conjunction with multiple sample injections. Determination of MeHg+ in the presence of excess inorganic Hg was also conducted. This approach to MeHg+ determination was successfully applied to the analysis of elevated dogfish muscle samples.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '13',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 14:12:43',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '00440',
			'pauthor' => '!Zhou, F.M.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1002/(SICI)1521-4109(199810)10:13<926::AID-ELAN926>3.3.CO;2-C',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Selective determination of methylmercury by flow injection fast-scan voltammetry', Electroanalysis, 1998 10(13) 926-930',
			'firstchar' => 'S',
			'twochars' => 'Se',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Matrix' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		)
	)
)
$c = array(
	'id' => '009977',
	'authors' => 'Lai, R.;Huang, E.L.;Zhou, F.M.;Wipf, D.O.',
	'authorsweb' => 'Rebecca Lai, Eva L. Huang, Feimeng Zhou *, David O. Wipf',
	'title' => 'Selective determination of methylmercury by flow injection fast-scan voltammetry',
	'journal' => 'Electroanalysis',
	'journal_id' => '1003',
	'fadid' => 'ELAN1998V0010P00926',
	'year' => '1998',
	'volume' => '10',
	'issue' => '13',
	'startpage' => '926',
	'endpage' => '930',
	'type' => 'Journal Article',
	'analytes' => ';1454;',
	'matrices' => ';0689;0204;',
	'techniques' => ';0523;0197;0173;',
	'keywords' => ';0436;0302;0043;',
	'abstract' => 'A simple flow injection system, suitable for solution flow rates at microliters-per-minute, was combined with fast-scan voltammetry for selective determination of MeHg+. A thin Hg film was formed at a Pt microelectrode prior to the measurement. Detection of MeHg+ is carried out by measuring the oxidation of MeHg radicals that were generated at the Hg microelectrode. At slow scan rates, the electrogenerated MeHg radicals undergo a follow-up dimerization reaction to form M2Hg2 (ErCi2 mechanism). At fast scan rates, MeHg radicals can be quantitatively reoxidized (reversible electron-transfer). Optimization of the experimental conditions of the system was performed based on studies of the relationship between the scan rate and the dimerization rate of the MeHg radical. Under optimized conditions, detection level of sub-nanomole was obtained with a sample consumption <10 &micro;L, and the concentration. detection limit for MeHg+ at 50 V/s was estimated to be ~0.56 &micro;M. To demonstrate the applicability of this method to automatic analysis, repetitive fast-scan cyclic voltammetry was conducted in conjunction with multiple sample injections. Determination of MeHg+ in the presence of excess inorganic Hg was also conducted. This approach to MeHg+ determination was successfully applied to the analysis of elevated dogfish muscle samples.',
	'language' => 'English',
	'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
	'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
	'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
	'hits' => '13',
	'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 14:12:43',
	'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
	'pauthor_id' => '00440',
	'pauthor' => '!Zhou, F.M.',
	'address' => 'pau',
	'email' => 'pau',
	'notes' => null,
	'url' => '10.1002/(SICI)1521-4109(199810)10:13<926::AID-ELAN926>3.3.CO;2-C',
	'urltype' => 'doi',
	'gotpdf' => 'yes',
	'partial' => 'no',
	'notanalyte' => '',
	'citation' => ''Selective determination of methylmercury by flow injection fast-scan voltammetry', Electroanalysis, 1998 10(13) 926-930',
	'firstchar' => 'S',
	'twochars' => 'Se',
	'CitationsTechnique' => array(
		'id' => '008757',
		'citation_id' => '009977',
		'technique_id' => '0523'
	),
	'Analyte' => array(
		(int) 0 => array(
			'id' => '01454',
			'name' => 'Methylmercury ion',
			'iupac_name' => 'methylmercury(1+)',
			'casrn' => '22967-92-6',
			'synonyms' => 'Methylmercury(1+), Methylmercury II, Methylmercury ion, Methyl Mercury Ion, CH3Hg+, Mercury(1+), methyl-, 22967-92-6, 61051-09-0, METHYLMERCURY(II) CATION, MeHg, Monomethylmercury cation, Methylmercury ion(1+), AC1L1NGS, Mercury(1+), methyl-, ion, CHEBI:49747, CTK8D8906, HSDB 3930, AR-1J6702, AKOS015903545, DB03674, BRN 3902999, LS-89823, C18672, I14-18601, I14-114322, HGC',
			'total' => '17',
			'inchi' => 'InChI=1S/CH3.Hg/h1H3;/q;+1',
			'inchikey' => 'DBUXSCUEGJMZAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N',
			'formula' => 'CH3Hg+',
			'oxstate' => null,
			'url' => '',
			'charge' => '1',
			'class1' => '',
			'class2' => '',
			'class3' => '',
			'class4' => '',
			'class5' => '',
			'isgroup' => 'no',
			'checked' => 'no',
			'citation_count' => '0',
			'updated' => '2015-10-23 21:31:23',
			'first' => 'M',
			'nametotal' => 'Methylmercury ion**17',
			'AnalytesCitation' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		)
	),
	'Matrix' => array(
		(int) 0 => array(
			'id' => '0689',
			'label' => 'Dogfish ',
			'level1' => 'Marine',
			'level2' => 'fish',
			'level3' => 'dogfish',
			'level4' => '',
			'level5' => '',
			'synonyms' => '',
			'total' => '4',
			'url' => '',
			'updated' => '2015-12-08 19:41:10',
			'name' => 'Marine, fish, dogfish',
			'nametotal' => 'Marine, fish, dogfish**4',
			'first' => 'M',
			'CitationsMatrix' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 1 => array(
			'id' => '0204',
			'label' => 'Fish Tissue',
			'level1' => 'Biological tissue',
			'level2' => 'fish',
			'level3' => '',
			'level4' => '',
			'level5' => '',
			'synonyms' => '',
			'total' => '6',
			'url' => '',
			'updated' => '2015-12-09 21:00:18',
			'name' => 'Biological tissue, fish',
			'nametotal' => 'Biological tissue, fish**6',
			'first' => 'B',
			'CitationsMatrix' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		)
	),
	'Keyword' => array(
		(int) 0 => array(
			'id' => '0436',
			'type' => 'Analysis Mode',
			'keyword' => 'Speciation',
			'newKeyword' => '',
			'synonyms' => '',
			'fao' => '',
			'total' => '479',
			'first' => 'S',
			'keytotal' => 'Speciation**479',
			'CitationsKeyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 1 => array(
			'id' => '0302',
			'type' => 'Feature',
			'keyword' => 'Optimization',
			'newKeyword' => '',
			'synonyms' => '',
			'fao' => '',
			'total' => '1069',
			'first' => 'O',
			'keytotal' => 'Optimization**1069',
			'CitationsKeyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 2 => array(
			'id' => '0043',
			'type' => 'Manifold component',
			'keyword' => 'Apparatus',
			'newKeyword' => '',
			'synonyms' => '',
			'fao' => '',
			'total' => '466',
			'first' => 'A',
			'keytotal' => 'Apparatus**466',
			'CitationsKeyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		)
	)
)
$i = (int) 1
$path = ''
$a = ''
$url = 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1521-4109(199810)10:13<926::AID-ELAN926>3.3.CO;2-C'
$aus = 'Rebecca Lai, Eva L. Huang, Feimeng Zhou *, David O. Wipf'
include - APP/View/Elements/citation.ctp, line 40
View::_evaluate() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 971
View::_render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 933
View::_renderElement() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 1224
View::element() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 418
include - APP/View/Techniques/view.ctp, line 52
View::_evaluate() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 971
View::_render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 933
View::render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 473
Controller::render() - CORE/Cake/Controller/Controller.php, line 968
Dispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/Cake/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 200
Dispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/Cake/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 167
[main] - APP/webroot/index.php, line 109

Rebecca Lai, Eva L. Huang, Feimeng Zhou *, David O. Wipf

Abstract: A simple flow injection system, suitable for solution flow rates at microliters-per-minute, was combined with fast-scan voltammetry for selective determination of MeHg+. A thin Hg film was formed at a Pt microelectrode prior to the measurement. Detection of MeHg+ is carried out by measuring the oxidation of MeHg radicals that were generated at the Hg microelectrode. At slow scan rates, the electrogenerated MeHg radicals undergo a follow-up dimerization reaction to form M2Hg2 (ErCi2 mechanism). At fast scan rates, MeHg radicals can be quantitatively reoxidized (reversible electron-transfer). Optimization of the experimental conditions of the system was performed based on studies of the relationship between the scan rate and the dimerization rate of the MeHg radical. Under optimized conditions, detection level of sub-nanomole was obtained with a sample consumption <10 µL, and the concentration. detection limit for MeHg+ at 50 V/s was estimated to be ~0.56 µM. To demonstrate the applicability of this method to automatic analysis, repetitive fast-scan cyclic voltammetry was conducted in conjunction with multiple sample injections. Determination of MeHg+ in the presence of excess inorganic Hg was also conducted. This approach to MeHg+ determination was successfully applied to the analysis of elevated dogfish muscle samples.

Methylmercury ion Dogfish Fish Tissue Speciation Optimization Apparatus