University of North Florida
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Stuart Chalk, Ph.D.
Department of Chemistry
University of North Florida
Phone: 1-904-620-1938
Fax: 1-904-620-3535
Email: schalk@unf.edu
Website: @unf

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Spectroscopy

Classification: Spectroscopy -> second derivative

Citations 4

"Post-column Continuous-flow Analysis Combined With Reversed-phase Liquid Chromatography And Computer-aided Photodiode-array Detection For The Characterization Of Phloroglucinols By Second-derivative Difference Spectroscopy"
Anal. Chim. Acta 1990 Volume 234, Issue 1 Pages 89-95

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A. F. Fell, T. Z. Woldemariam and P. A. Linley, Ge Jian, M. D. Luque de Castro and M. Valcárcel

Abstract: Flow-injection analysis coupled with liquid chromatography (LC) and a photodiode-array detector was applied to the investigation of phloroglucinol derivatives (kosins) from Hagenia abyssinica. Because of the structural similarities of the kosins, it was not possible to distinguish between the individual components in the crude mixture by their spectra alone. Post-column pH changes with various reagents, added using a flow-injection system, induced a bathochromic shift of the UV absorption maxima and these were found to furnish additional qualitative information. Addition of 0.3 M potassium hydroxide induced a smaller red shift in the spectrum for α-kosin compared with the shifts for kosotoxin and protokosin. This was confirmed in the normalized difference spectra, ΔA(λ), computed for each kosin by subtracting the normalized spectrum (in eluent at pH 6) from the normalized pH-shifted spectrum (at pH 12). The small pH-induced difference in ΔA(λ) was enhanced in the second-derivative transformation of the difference spectrum. This novel technique for solute recognition permits closely similar pH-sensitive spectra to be discriminated and characterized.
Phloroglucinols Post-column derivatization Computer

"Flow Injection Diode-array Detection: A Hybrid Approach To The Automation Of Simultaneous Determinations Of Metal Ions With Chromogenic Reagents"
Anal. Chim. Acta 1990 Volume 241, Issue 1 Pages 153-159

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A. Gallardo Melgarejo and J. M. Cano Pavón, A. Ríos Castro

Abstract: The system was demonstrated by the determination of Ni(II) and Zn(II) with 0.8 mM 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-napthol in ethanol - water (2:3) and acetate buffer, pH 4.8, in the same solvent, as the carrier at 1.5 mL min-1. The overlapping spectra were resolved by their second derivatives with scans every 1 s from 500 to 600 nm, the optimum wavelengths being 550 nm for Zn and 562 nm for Ni. The coefficient of variation (n = 11) for 3 µg mL-1 of Zn and 2 µg mL-1 of Ni were 3.8 and 4.0%, respectively.
Metals Zinc(II) Nickel(II) Automation Buffer Simultaneous analysis Chromogenic reagent

"Quantification Of BTEX Compounds In Model Effluent Systems Using Flow Injection Diode-array Spectrophotometry And Multivariate Calibration"
Anal. Proc. 1995 Volume 32, Issue 12 Pages 507-510

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Kevin N. Andrew and Paul J. Worsfold

Abstract: A flow injection spectrophotometric method with multivariate calibration for quantification of BTEX compounds [benzene, toluene (I), ethylbenzene (II) and o-xylene (III) in effluents is investigated. Sample (200 µL), spiked with appropriate amounts of I, II and III was injected into a carrier stream of water (2.3 ml/min) of a flow injection system (schematic shown) and mixed with a stream of hexane (0.36 ml/min). The merged streams were carried to a PTFE microporous membrane solvent extraction cell and the extracted hexane layer was pumped to a silica flow cell (18 µL; 1 cm path length). The absorbance of the solution was measured at 2 nm intervals over the range 200-300 nm vs. a water reference. First- (FD) and second-derivative (SD) spectra were calculated with three-point wavelength smoothing, using the Savitsky-Golay algorithm. The absorbance of FD and SD spectra at 206 mm was linear up to 20 mg/l of pure I, II and III. The FD and SD spectral data were modeled using stepwise multiple linear regression, principal components regression and partial least-squares regression. Predictions of individual analyte concentrations in test samples produced prediction errors ranging from 8.5% for III to 45.8% for I. The lowest prediction errors (7%) were produced when calibrating the three compounds as a single component.
Benzene Ethylbenzene Toluene 2-Xylene Waste Chemometrics Multivariate calibration Teflon membrane

"Diode-array Detectors In Flow Injection Analysis. Simultaneous Determination Of Thorium(IV) And Lanthanum(III) With Arsenazo(III) By Multivariate Calibration"
Quim. Anal. 1989 Volume 8, Issue 2 Pages 223-230

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Blanco, M.;Coello, J.;Gene, J.;Iturriaga, H.;Maspoch, S.

Abstract: The zero-, first- and second-order derivative spectra were obtained of synthetic mixtures of La(III) and Th(IV) with 3 mM arsenazo III in 1 M acetate buffer (pH 4) over the range 620 to 720 nm. Multivariate calibration was used for resolution of the spectra of the individual metals. Use of the second-derivative spectra gave the best accuracy. The method can be applied over the ranges of 0.5 to 2.5 µg mL-1 of La(III) and 2.8 to 7.0 µg mL-1 of Th(IV). The throughput was 60 samples h-1.
Lanthanum(3+) Thorium(IV) Buffer pH Multivariate calibration Simultaneous analysis