Contact Info
Stuart Chalk, Ph.D.
Department of Chemistry
University of North Florida
Phone: 1-904-620-1938
Fax: 1-904-620-3535
Email: schalk@unf.edu
Website: @unf
Polarimetry
Citations 5
"Evaluation Of A Split-type Flow Cell For A Polarized Spectrophotometric Detector"
Analyst
1995 Volume 120, Issue 4 Pages 1137-1139
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Chem.', 'journal_id' => '0499', 'fadid' => 'ANCH1994V0066P03093', 'year' => '1994', 'volume' => '66', 'issue' => '19', 'startpage' => '3093', 'endpage' => '3101', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => '', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0388;', 'keywords' => ';0043;0110;', 'abstract' => 'The construction and characterization of a flow injection analysis system with high-sensitivity, laser-based (488 nm), optical rotation detection (FIA-OR) is described. Baseline noise is reduced to - 10 µdeg by addition of a pressure pulsation damper between the pump and the autosampler. Sensitivity is increased 100-fold compared to a high-quality conventional polarimeter, and detection of a 43 ng sample of sucrose (25-pdeg rotation) is demonstrated. The instrument response is linear over a 500-fold range of concentration to 21 pg of sucrose injected, with the upper limit set by laser beam distortion caused by sample refractive index effects. Specific rotation values at 488 nm for 11 organic molecules are measured by FIA-OR with good precision and agree with values obtained by a conventional polarimeter. FIA-OR analysis of enantiomeric purity of (1S2R)-(+)-ephedrie is found to be more discriminating than conventional polarimetry for the analysis of solutions with high enantiomeric excess.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '2006-06-04 14:55:52', 'hits' => '3', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 18:37:54', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'Weiser, W.E.', 'address' => 'Analytical Development Laboratories, Burroughs Wellcome Co., 3030 Corn Wallis Road, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1021/ac00091a017', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Flow injection analysis with high-sensitivity optical rotation detection', Anal. Chem., 1994 66(19) 3093-3101', 'firstchar' => 'F', 'twochars' => 'Fl', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 2 => array( 'id' => '010439', 'authors' => 'Yamamoto, A.;Wataya, T.;Hayakawa, K.;Matsunaga, A.;Nishimura, M.;Miyazaki, M.', 'authorsweb' => 'Atsushi Yamamoto*, Toshihiko Wataya, Kazuichi Hayakawa, Akinobu Matsunaga, Masayuki Nishimura and Motoichi Miyazaki', 'title' => 'Optimization of a polarized photometric detector equipped with a split-type flow cell and its analytical application to oligo-saccharides', 'journal' => 'J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal.', 'journal_id' => '0632', 'fadid' => 'JPBA1997V0015P01383', 'year' => '1997', 'volume' => '15', 'issue' => '9-10', 'startpage' => '1383', 'endpage' => '1387', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1660;', 'matrices' => ';0477;', 'techniques' => ';0388;0493;', 'keywords' => ';0215;0167;0302;', 'abstract' => 'A novel, non-modulated polarimeter called a polarized photometric detector (PPD) was previously described by the authors. The PPD enables the measurement of the optical rotation of chiral compounds as a change in absorbance by placing two linear polarizers on either side of a flow cell of a conventional photometric detector. The present study describes the optimization of the conditions of PPD for highly sensitive detection of saccharides. To maximize the light intensity, the light balancing filter and slit were removed from the detector (Shimadzu model SPD-10AV). These modifications resulted in an approximately 15-fold increase in the incident light intensity when the maximum current was applied to the lamp. When this intense light was transmitted through the polarizers, the signal intensity followed the theoretical equation for phase angles up to around 1 rad. If the energy of the transmitted light was less than 700 mV, however, the baseline noise was too great to determine the chiral analyte accurately. Setting the phase angle between two polarizers at 50°C and the detection wavelength at 400 nm provided the most suitable conditions. This detector was applicable for the determinations of oligosaccharides in foodstuffs separated by HPLC using gradient elution.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '11', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 09:49:54', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'Yamamoto, A.', 'address' => 'Toyama Institute of Health, 17-1 Nakataikoyama, Kosugi-machi, Toyama 939-03, Japan', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1016/S0731-7085(96)02003-1', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Optimization of a polarized photometric detector equipped with a split-type flow cell and its analytical application to oligo-saccharides', J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 1997 15(9-10) 1383-1387', 'firstchar' => 'O', 'twochars' => 'Op', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 3 => array( 'id' => '011243', 'authors' => 'Hayakawa, K.;Yamamoto, A.;Matsunaga, A.;Mizukami, E.;Nishimura, M.;Miyazaki, M.', 'authorsweb' => 'Kazuichi Hayakawa, Atsushi Yamamoto, Akinobu Matsunaga, Eiichi Mizukami, Masayuki Nishimura, Motoichi Miyazaki', 'title' => 'Theoretical consideration on polarized photometric detection', 'journal' => 'Biomed. Chromatogr.', 'journal_id' => '0997', 'fadid' => 'BMCR1994V0008P00130', 'year' => '1994', 'volume' => '8', 'issue' => '3', 'startpage' => '130', 'endpage' => '133', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0862;1001;2215;', 'matrices' => ';0833;', 'techniques' => ';0493;0388;0038;', 'keywords' => ';0464;', 'abstract' => 'Previously, we developed a novel detector, a polarized photometric detector for optically active compounds, where two polarizers are set on either side of the UV-visible absorbance detector flow cell. In this paper, we present theoretical considerations on this method with several equations. If the inclined angle of the second polarizer is defined as α (left when α > 0°), the following equation is obtained: ΔAbs = 2 log e.tan α.beta, where ΔAbs is the change in absorbance and beta (magnitude of beta << α) is the angle of rotation of light passing through the cell containing the optically active compound. This equation suggests that ΔAbs is proportional to the analyte concentration and that the dextro- and laevorotatory compounds are detected as positive and negative absorbance changes, respectively. The theoretical maximum signal to noise (S/N) ratio is obtained when α = 45° (= 0.8 rad) and the smallest detection limit is 5 x 10^-5° (S/N = 3) when the path length of the flow cell is 10 mm. This detector was successfully used in flow injection analysis (FIA) as well as HPLC for optically active compounds.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'No', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '6', 'urlcheck' => '2014-11-25 23:01:56', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found (Array)', 'pauthor_id' => '01005', 'pauthor' => '!Hayakawa, K.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1002/bmc.1130080307', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'no', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Theoretical consideration on polarized photometric detection', Biomed. Chromatogr., 1994 8(3) 130-133', 'firstchar' => 'T', 'twochars' => 'Th', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 4 => array( 'id' => '014519', 'authors' => 'Goodall, D.M.', 'authorsweb' => 'David M. Goodall', 'title' => 'Chiral analysis based on polarimetric detection', 'journal' => 'Trends Anal. Chem.', 'journal_id' => '0653', 'fadid' => 'TRAC1993V0012P00177', 'year' => '1993', 'volume' => '12', 'issue' => '4', 'startpage' => '177', 'endpage' => '184', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => '', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0388;0038;', 'keywords' => ';0389;', 'abstract' => 'The use of laser polarimetry for chiral detection in HPLC and flow injection analysis is reviewed. 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"Flow Injection Analysis With High-sensitivity Optical Rotation Detection"
Anal. Chem.
1994 Volume 66, Issue 19 Pages 3093-3101
Notice (8): Undefined variable: uid [APP/View/Elements/citation.ctp, line 40]Charles A. Goss, Douglas C. Wilson, and William E. WeiserCode Context?>
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"Optimization Of A Polarized Photometric Detector Equipped With A Split-type Flow Cell And Its Analytical Application To Oligo-saccharides"
J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal.
1997 Volume 15, Issue 9-10 Pages 1383-1387
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"Theoretical Consideration On Polarized Photometric Detection"
Biomed. Chromatogr.
1994 Volume 8, Issue 3 Pages 130-133
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The improvement in detection sensitivity in PPD with the use of this cell is discussed. Its utility as a universal polarimetric detector for HPLC for the detection of colored amino acid-copper(II) complexes is shown. A new possibility for this cell in the gradient elution separation of glucose syrup is demonstrated.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '5', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 09:14:51', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'NA', 'address' => 'Toyama Inst. 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Chem.', 'journal_id' => '0499', 'fadid' => 'ANCH1994V0066P03093', 'year' => '1994', 'volume' => '66', 'issue' => '19', 'startpage' => '3093', 'endpage' => '3101', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => '', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0388;', 'keywords' => ';0043;0110;', 'abstract' => 'The construction and characterization of a flow injection analysis system with high-sensitivity, laser-based (488 nm), optical rotation detection (FIA-OR) is described. Baseline noise is reduced to - 10 µdeg by addition of a pressure pulsation damper between the pump and the autosampler. Sensitivity is increased 100-fold compared to a high-quality conventional polarimeter, and detection of a 43 ng sample of sucrose (25-pdeg rotation) is demonstrated. The instrument response is linear over a 500-fold range of concentration to 21 pg of sucrose injected, with the upper limit set by laser beam distortion caused by sample refractive index effects. Specific rotation values at 488 nm for 11 organic molecules are measured by FIA-OR with good precision and agree with values obtained by a conventional polarimeter. FIA-OR analysis of enantiomeric purity of (1S2R)-(+)-ephedrie is found to be more discriminating than conventional polarimetry for the analysis of solutions with high enantiomeric excess.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '2006-06-04 14:55:52', 'hits' => '3', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 18:37:54', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'Weiser, W.E.', 'address' => 'Analytical Development Laboratories, Burroughs Wellcome Co., 3030 Corn Wallis Road, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1021/ac00091a017', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Flow injection analysis with high-sensitivity optical rotation detection', Anal. 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These modifications resulted in an approximately 15-fold increase in the incident light intensity when the maximum current was applied to the lamp. When this intense light was transmitted through the polarizers, the signal intensity followed the theoretical equation for phase angles up to around 1 rad. If the energy of the transmitted light was less than 700 mV, however, the baseline noise was too great to determine the chiral analyte accurately. Setting the phase angle between two polarizers at 50°C and the detection wavelength at 400 nm provided the most suitable conditions. 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"Chiral Analysis Based On Polarimetric Detection"
Trends Anal. Chem.
1993 Volume 12, Issue 4 Pages 177-184
Notice (8): Undefined variable: uid [APP/View/Elements/citation.ctp, line 40]David M. GoodallCode Context?>
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Chem.', 'journal_id' => '0653', 'fadid' => 'TRAC1993V0012P00177', 'year' => '1993', 'volume' => '12', 'issue' => '4', 'startpage' => '177', 'endpage' => '184', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => '', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0388;0038;', 'keywords' => ';0389;', 'abstract' => 'The use of laser polarimetry for chiral detection in HPLC and flow injection analysis is reviewed. (29 references).', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'No', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '26', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 08:55:58', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'Goodall, D.M.', 'address' => 'York, UK', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1016/0165-9936(93)87020-X', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Chiral analysis based on polarimetric detection', Trends Anal. 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The improvement in detection sensitivity in PPD with the use of this cell is discussed. Its utility as a universal polarimetric detector for HPLC for the detection of colored amino acid-copper(II) complexes is shown. A new possibility for this cell in the gradient elution separation of glucose syrup is demonstrated.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '5', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 09:14:51', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'NA', 'address' => 'Toyama Inst. Health, Toyama 939-03 Japan', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1039/an9952001137', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Evaluation of a split-type flow cell for a polarized spectrophotometric detector', Analyst, 1995 120(4) 1137-1139', 'firstchar' => 'E', 'twochars' => 'Ev', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 1 => array( 'id' => '008770', 'authors' => 'Goss, C.A.;Wilson, D.C.;Weiser, W.E.', 'authorsweb' => 'Charles A. Goss, Douglas C. Wilson, and William E. Weiser', 'title' => 'Flow injection analysis with high-sensitivity optical rotation detection', 'journal' => 'Anal. Chem.', 'journal_id' => '0499', 'fadid' => 'ANCH1994V0066P03093', 'year' => '1994', 'volume' => '66', 'issue' => '19', 'startpage' => '3093', 'endpage' => '3101', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => '', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0388;', 'keywords' => ';0043;0110;', 'abstract' => 'The construction and characterization of a flow injection analysis system with high-sensitivity, laser-based (488 nm), optical rotation detection (FIA-OR) is described. Baseline noise is reduced to - 10 µdeg by addition of a pressure pulsation damper between the pump and the autosampler. Sensitivity is increased 100-fold compared to a high-quality conventional polarimeter, and detection of a 43 ng sample of sucrose (25-pdeg rotation) is demonstrated. The instrument response is linear over a 500-fold range of concentration to 21 pg of sucrose injected, with the upper limit set by laser beam distortion caused by sample refractive index effects. Specific rotation values at 488 nm for 11 organic molecules are measured by FIA-OR with good precision and agree with values obtained by a conventional polarimeter. FIA-OR analysis of enantiomeric purity of (1S2R)-(+)-ephedrie is found to be more discriminating than conventional polarimetry for the analysis of solutions with high enantiomeric excess.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '2006-06-04 14:55:52', 'hits' => '3', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 18:37:54', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'Weiser, W.E.', 'address' => 'Analytical Development Laboratories, Burroughs Wellcome Co., 3030 Corn Wallis Road, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1021/ac00091a017', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Flow injection analysis with high-sensitivity optical rotation detection', Anal. Chem., 1994 66(19) 3093-3101', 'firstchar' => 'F', 'twochars' => 'Fl', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 2 => array( 'id' => '010439', 'authors' => 'Yamamoto, A.;Wataya, T.;Hayakawa, K.;Matsunaga, A.;Nishimura, M.;Miyazaki, M.', 'authorsweb' => 'Atsushi Yamamoto*, Toshihiko Wataya, Kazuichi Hayakawa, Akinobu Matsunaga, Masayuki Nishimura and Motoichi Miyazaki', 'title' => 'Optimization of a polarized photometric detector equipped with a split-type flow cell and its analytical application to oligo-saccharides', 'journal' => 'J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal.', 'journal_id' => '0632', 'fadid' => 'JPBA1997V0015P01383', 'year' => '1997', 'volume' => '15', 'issue' => '9-10', 'startpage' => '1383', 'endpage' => '1387', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1660;', 'matrices' => ';0477;', 'techniques' => ';0388;0493;', 'keywords' => ';0215;0167;0302;', 'abstract' => 'A novel, non-modulated polarimeter called a polarized photometric detector (PPD) was previously described by the authors. The PPD enables the measurement of the optical rotation of chiral compounds as a change in absorbance by placing two linear polarizers on either side of a flow cell of a conventional photometric detector. The present study describes the optimization of the conditions of PPD for highly sensitive detection of saccharides. To maximize the light intensity, the light balancing filter and slit were removed from the detector (Shimadzu model SPD-10AV). These modifications resulted in an approximately 15-fold increase in the incident light intensity when the maximum current was applied to the lamp. When this intense light was transmitted through the polarizers, the signal intensity followed the theoretical equation for phase angles up to around 1 rad. If the energy of the transmitted light was less than 700 mV, however, the baseline noise was too great to determine the chiral analyte accurately. Setting the phase angle between two polarizers at 50°C and the detection wavelength at 400 nm provided the most suitable conditions. This detector was applicable for the determinations of oligosaccharides in foodstuffs separated by HPLC using gradient elution.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '11', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 09:49:54', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'Yamamoto, A.', 'address' => 'Toyama Institute of Health, 17-1 Nakataikoyama, Kosugi-machi, Toyama 939-03, Japan', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1016/S0731-7085(96)02003-1', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Optimization of a polarized photometric detector equipped with a split-type flow cell and its analytical application to oligo-saccharides', J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 1997 15(9-10) 1383-1387', 'firstchar' => 'O', 'twochars' => 'Op', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 3 => array( 'id' => '011243', 'authors' => 'Hayakawa, K.;Yamamoto, A.;Matsunaga, A.;Mizukami, E.;Nishimura, M.;Miyazaki, M.', 'authorsweb' => 'Kazuichi Hayakawa, Atsushi Yamamoto, Akinobu Matsunaga, Eiichi Mizukami, Masayuki Nishimura, Motoichi Miyazaki', 'title' => 'Theoretical consideration on polarized photometric detection', 'journal' => 'Biomed. 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This equation suggests that ΔAbs is proportional to the analyte concentration and that the dextro- and laevorotatory compounds are detected as positive and negative absorbance changes, respectively. The theoretical maximum signal to noise (S/N) ratio is obtained when α = 45° (= 0.8 rad) and the smallest detection limit is 5 x 10^-5° (S/N = 3) when the path length of the flow cell is 10 mm. 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