Contact Info
Stuart Chalk, Ph.D.
Department of Chemistry
University of North Florida
Phone: 1-904-620-1938
Fax: 1-904-620-3535
Email: schalk@unf.edu
Website: @unf
Electrode
Citations 21
"Flow Injection Potentiometric Determination Of Residual Chlorine In Water"
Anal. Chim. Acta
1982 Volume 136, Issue 1 Pages 85-92
Notice (8): Undefined variable: uid [APP/View/Elements/citation.ctp, line 40]Marek Trojanowicz, Wojciech Matuszewski and Adam HulanickiCode Context?><?phpif($uid!='') {$viewFile = '/home/stuchalk/public_html/fad/app/View/Elements/citation.ctp' $dataForView = array( 'data' => array( 'Technique' => array( 'id' => '0303', 'label' => 'Electrode', 'level1' => 'Electrode', 'level2' => 'ion selective', 'level3' => 'iodide', 'level4' => '', 'level5' => '', 'synonyms' => 'Ion selective electrode,ISE', 'champ' => '', 'total' => '21', 'updated' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'name' => 'Electrode, ion selective, iodide', 'nametotal' => 'Electrode, ion selective, iodide**21', 'first' => 'E' ), 'Citation' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 1 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 2 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 3 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 4 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 5 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 6 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 7 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 8 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 9 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 10 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 11 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 12 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 13 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 14 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 15 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 16 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 17 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 18 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 19 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 20 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ) ), 'c' => array( 'id' => '003989', 'authors' => 'Trojanowicz, M.A.;Matuszewski, W.;Hulanicki, A.', 'authorsweb' => 'Marek Trojanowicz, Wojciech Matuszewski and Adam Hulanicki', 'title' => 'Flow injection potentiometric determination of residual chlorine in water', 'journal' => 'Anal. Chim. Acta', 'journal_id' => '0584', 'fadid' => 'ANCA1982V0136P00085', 'year' => '1982', 'volume' => '136', 'issue' => '1', 'startpage' => '85', 'endpage' => '92 ', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0597;', 'matrices' => ';0372;', 'techniques' => ';0192;0303;0400;', 'keywords' => '', 'abstract' => 'Residual chlorine is measured in water by using a potentiometric system composed of an iodide-selective electrode and a platinum electrode sensing the iodine-iodide ratio. When the sample is added to acidified iodide solution, the cell response is in a logarithmic relation to the iodine concentration which in turn depends on the concentration of residual chlorine. In the flow injection system evolved, 0.1-5.0 mg L-1 residual chlorine can be determined at a rate of 40-60 samples per hour. The results of potentiometric determinations of residual chlorine in tap water compared to spectrophotometric results suggest that the presence of various organic substances is responsible for discrepancies between these measurements.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '9', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 15:43:35', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00320', 'pauthor' => '!Trojanowicz, M.A.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1016/S0003-2670(01)95366-8', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Flow injection potentiometric determination of residual chlorine in water', Anal. Chim. Acta, 1982 136(1) 85-92 ', 'firstchar' => 'F', 'twochars' => 'Fl', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( 'id' => '000742', 'citation_id' => '003989', 'technique_id' => '0303' ), 'Analyte' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), 'Matrix' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), 'Keyword' => array() ), 'i' => (int) 0 ) $data = array( 'Technique' => array( 'id' => '0303', 'label' => 'Electrode', 'level1' => 'Electrode', 'level2' => 'ion selective', 'level3' => 'iodide', 'level4' => '', 'level5' => '', 'synonyms' => 'Ion selective electrode,ISE', 'champ' => '', 'total' => '21', 'updated' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'name' => 'Electrode, ion selective, iodide', 'nametotal' => 'Electrode, ion selective, iodide**21', 'first' => 'E' ), 'Citation' => array( (int) 0 => array( 'id' => '003989', 'authors' => 'Trojanowicz, M.A.;Matuszewski, W.;Hulanicki, A.', 'authorsweb' => 'Marek Trojanowicz, Wojciech Matuszewski and Adam Hulanicki', 'title' => 'Flow injection potentiometric determination of residual chlorine in water', 'journal' => 'Anal. Chim. Acta', 'journal_id' => '0584', 'fadid' => 'ANCA1982V0136P00085', 'year' => '1982', 'volume' => '136', 'issue' => '1', 'startpage' => '85', 'endpage' => '92 ', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0597;', 'matrices' => ';0372;', 'techniques' => ';0192;0303;0400;', 'keywords' => '', 'abstract' => 'Residual chlorine is measured in water by using a potentiometric system composed of an iodide-selective electrode and a platinum electrode sensing the iodine-iodide ratio. When the sample is added to acidified iodide solution, the cell response is in a logarithmic relation to the iodine concentration which in turn depends on the concentration of residual chlorine. In the flow injection system evolved, 0.1-5.0 mg L-1 residual chlorine can be determined at a rate of 40-60 samples per hour. The results of potentiometric determinations of residual chlorine in tap water compared to spectrophotometric results suggest that the presence of various organic substances is responsible for discrepancies between these measurements.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '9', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 15:43:35', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00320', 'pauthor' => '!Trojanowicz, M.A.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1016/S0003-2670(01)95366-8', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Flow injection potentiometric determination of residual chlorine in water', Anal. Chim. Acta, 1982 136(1) 85-92 ', 'firstchar' => 'F', 'twochars' => 'Fl', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Keyword' => array([maximum depth reached]) ), (int) 1 => array( 'id' => '005156', 'authors' => 'Figuerola, E.;Florido, A.;Aguilar, M.;De Pablo, J.;Alegret, S.', 'authorsweb' => 'E. Figuerola, A. Florido, M. Aguilar and J. De Pablo, S. Alegret', 'title' => 'Sequential flow injection determination of cyanide and weak metal cyanide complexes with flow-through heterogeneous membrane electrodes', 'journal' => 'Anal. Chim. Acta', 'journal_id' => '0584', 'fadid' => 'ANCA1988V0215P00283', 'year' => '1988', 'volume' => '215', 'issue' => '1-2', 'startpage' => '283', 'endpage' => '288', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0716;0717;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0127;0303;0400;', 'keywords' => ';0173;0217;0302;0212;0258;', 'abstract' => 'Two I--selective heterogeneous epoxy-based membrane flow-through electrodes were placed before and after a gas diffusion unit in a flow injection system for determination of free and total CN-. The CN--containing sample was injected into a KNO3 carrier solution and free CN- was determined by the first flow-through electrode. The solution was then treated with the HCl stream in the reaction coil. The HCN evolved passed through the gas-permeable membrane in the diffusion unit and was collected in an alkaline solution, where the CN- was measured by the second flow-through electrode. Under optimum conditions, the response was rectilinear from 10 µM to 1 mM CN- and the coefficient of variation were ~2% with a sampling rate of 20 h-1. Total CN- could be determined in the presence of Zn, Cu(II) and Cd but results were low in the presence of Ni, Co(II) and Fe(III). Sulfide and SCN- were not tolerated. The reproducibility was worse than that of spectrophotometric detection but the method could be used over a wider concentration. range and was more suitable for an online control monitoring system.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '2', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 15:55:59', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'NA', 'address' => '?', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1016/S0003-2670(00)85287-3', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Sequential flow injection determination of cyanide and weak metal cyanide complexes with flow-through heterogeneous membrane electrodes', Anal. Chim. Acta, 1988 215(1-2) 283-288', 'firstchar' => 'S', 'twochars' => 'Se', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 2 => array( 'id' => '005694', 'authors' => 'Van Staden, J.F.', 'authorsweb' => 'Jacobus F. van Staden', 'title' => 'Response time phenomena of coated open-tubular solid-state silver halide-selective electrodes and their influence on sample dispersion in flow injection analysis', 'journal' => 'Anal. Chim. Acta', 'journal_id' => '0584', 'fadid' => 'ANCA1992V0261P00381', 'year' => '1992', 'volume' => '261', 'issue' => '1-2', 'startpage' => '381', 'endpage' => '390', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0451;0594;1275;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0283;0290;0303;', 'keywords' => ';0302;0410;0119;', 'abstract' => 'A comparative study has been made of the response times of coated open-tubular Ag membrane electrodes selective towards Cl-, Br- or I- (cf. Ibid., 1986, 179, 407) as they affect the throughput of flow injection analysis systems. The tubular indicator electrodes were used in conjunction with an Orion 90-02 double-junction reference electrode with 10% KNO3 solution in its outer chamber. The digitized signals were smoothed by applying the DS (data sets) Cat and Smooth operations of the ASYST software; typical background-corrected graphs for the flow injection measurement of halides (10 to 5000 mg l-1) are reproduced. Examination of the leading edges of the various peaks showed that their rate of response was independent of concentration. and did not significantly decrease the sampling rate, although the response of the Br- electrode at the initial peak-formation stages near the baseline was slightly slower than that of the others. The rate of response of the trailing edges was mainly responsible for the sampling rate in an optimized flow injection system, and the I- electrode showed a memory effect, which was largely responsible for the low sampling rate of this system compared with similar systems with the other two electrodes. The contribution of the memory effect or response time phenomena of coated open-tubular solid state chloride-, bromide-, and iodide-selective electrodes on the anal. output in flow injection systems are presented for concentration. ranges between 10 and 5000 mg L-1. The rate of response for the leading edges of all three electrodes due to electrode properties are independent of concentration. and do not contribute significantly to any decrease in sampling rate, although the rate of response of the bromide-selective electrode flow injection analysis (FIA) system seems to be slightly slower than the other two electrode systems at the initial peak-formation stages near the base line. The rate of response for the tailing edges of the different electrodes due to electrode properties is mainly responsible for the sampling rate obtained in an optimized FIA-ISE system. The memory effect of the iodide-selective electrode is mainly responsible for the fact that the sampling rate of this system is very much lower than the sampling rate obtained for similar systems with the other two electrodes. For the bromide-selective electrode system, the slower rate of response due to electrode properties at the tailing edges (especially with high concentrations of bromide) than that of the chloride-selective electrode, contributes mainly to a lower sampling output for the bromide-selective electrode-FIA system when compared with the chloride electrode system.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '6', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 16:06:13', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00328', 'pauthor' => '!Van Staden, J.F.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1016/0003-2670(92)80217-U', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Response time phenomena of coated open-tubular solid-state silver halide-selective electrodes and their influence on sample dispersion in flow injection analysis', Anal. Chim. Acta, 1992 261(1-2) 381-390', 'firstchar' => 'R', 'twochars' => 'Re', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 3 => array( 'id' => '006910', 'authors' => 'Alegret, S.;Florido, A.;Lima, J.L.F.C.;Machado, A.A.S.C.', 'authorsweb' => 'S. Alegret*, A. Florido, J. L. F. C. Lima and A. A. S. C. Machado ', 'title' => 'Flow-through tubular iodide- and bromide-selective electrodes based on epoxy-resin heterogeneous membranes', 'journal' => 'Talanta', 'journal_id' => '0569', 'fadid' => 'TALT1989V0036P00825', 'year' => '1989', 'volume' => '36', 'issue' => '8', 'startpage' => '825', 'endpage' => '829', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1275;0451;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0283;0303;', 'keywords' => ';0217;0253;0385;0213;', 'abstract' => 'The electrodes were made from 4-mm lengths of Perspex tubing (1 cm o.d., 8 mm i.d.), which were filled with Ag-containing conductive epoxy-resin to which a shielded cable was then attached. A hole (1.75 mm diameter) was drilled through the centre, which was then packed with powdered AgX - Ag2S mixture (X = I or Br) dispersed in non-conductive epoxy-resin. A central channel (0.75 mm diameter) was then drilled leaving a membrane of 0.5-mm thickness. The response characteristics were evaluated in a low-dispersion flow injection system, and both showed a Nernstian response between 50 µM and 0.1 M with good reproducibility and a rapid response that permitted a sampling rate of 60 h-1. Operational pH ranges for I- and Br- were 2.5 to 11 and 3 to 10, respectively. Interference by several ions is reported; I- must be absent in determinations with the Br- electrode.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '11', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 14:55:17', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00788', 'pauthor' => '!Alegret, S.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1016/0039-9140(89)80162-6', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Flow-through tubular iodide- and bromide-selective electrodes based on epoxy-resin heterogeneous membranes', Talanta, 1989 36(8) 825-829', 'firstchar' => 'F', 'twochars' => 'Fl', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 4 => array( 'id' => '006998', 'authors' => 'Najib, F.M.;Othman, S.', 'authorsweb' => 'Fadhil M. Najib* and Shireen Othman, ', 'title' => 'Simultaneous determination of chloride, bromide, iodide and fluoride with flow injection - ion-selective electrode systems', 'journal' => 'Talanta', 'journal_id' => '0569', 'fadid' => 'TALT1992V0039P01259', 'year' => '1992', 'volume' => '39', 'issue' => '10', 'startpage' => '1259', 'endpage' => '1267', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0594;0451;1275;0982;', 'matrices' => ';0372;', 'techniques' => ';0283;0290;0298;0303;', 'keywords' => ';0258;0320;0217;', 'abstract' => 'Electrodes for Cl-, Br- and I- were constructed (preparation described) from Ag2 - AgCl or AgBr (1:1) and Ag2S - AgI (1:3); for F- a commercial electrode was used. By combining the electrodes and suppressor columns of AgCl and amalgamated Pb, the ions were simultaneously determined in a carrier stream (0.5 mL min-1) of e.g. 0.1 M HClO4 at pH 4.0. The calibration graphs were rectilinear down to 100, 5, 1 and 5 µM for Cl-, Br-, I- and F-, respectively. The reproducibility was 1% for the determination of the halides in eight water samples, the results agreed well with those obtained by three reference methods. Flow-through ion-selective electrodes were constructed from compressed pellets (8-10 mm thick, 13 mm diameter, 10 tons/cm2 pressure) of Ag2S/AgX (X = Cl-, Br- or I-) drilled longitudinally (1.5 mm diameter hole) to be suitable for use in flow injection analysis. A column of AgCl (5.5 cm long, 2-3 mm internal diameter) was included in the Cl- electrode manifold to remove interferences from 10^-4 M Br- and 3 x 10^-5 M I- and S2-. A column of amalgamated lead (2-3 cm long, 2-3 mm internal diameter) was used in the Br--electrode manifold to remove interference from 2 x 10^-5 M I-, 3 x 10^-5 M S2- and 7 x 10^-4 M Cl-. These columns and the addition of ascorbic acid were not required when I- was determined with the iodide electrode. The carrier stream was 0.1 M sodium perchlorate (pH 4) at a flow-rate of 0.5 mL/min. The sample pH could be 4-7. Simultaneous determination of Cl- and I-, Cl-, I- and Br-, and Cl-, I-, Br- and F- ions was possible with combinations of the corresponding electrodes and columns in series and/or parallel in specially designed manifolds. Calibration plots were linear, with almost theoretical slopes, down to 10^-6 M I-, 5 x 10^-6 M Br-, 10^-4 M Cl- and 5 x 10^-6 M F-, with precision better than 1%. Sampling rates for single-ion determinations were 72, 102, 90 and 80 per h for the one-, two-, three- and four-electrode systems respectively. Determinations of these ions in water samples by the recommended procedure and by established batch methods showed no significant difference at the 95% confidence limits in a paired comparison t-test.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '28', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 14:59:47', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'Najib, F.M.', 'address' => 'Department of Chemistry, University of Salahaddin, Arbil, Iraq', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1016/0039-9140(92)80234-5', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Simultaneous determination of chloride, bromide, iodide and fluoride with flow injection - ion-selective electrode systems', Talanta, 1992 39(10) 1259-1267', 'firstchar' => 'S', 'twochars' => 'Si', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 5 => array( 'id' => '007457', 'authors' => 'Christopoulos, T.K.;Diamandis, E.P.', 'authorsweb' => 'Theodore K. Christopoulos and Eleftherios P. Diamandis', 'title' => 'Flow-through units for solid-state, liquid and PVC matrix membrane ion-selective electrodes to minimize streaming potentials', 'journal' => 'Analyst', 'journal_id' => '0864', 'fadid' => 'ANAL1987V0112P01293', 'year' => '1987', 'volume' => '112', 'issue' => '9', 'startpage' => '1293', 'endpage' => '1298', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1275;1757;1978;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0303;0315;0156;', 'keywords' => ';0258;0397;', 'abstract' => 'Three flow-through units were constructed (diagrams given) and evaluated for electrode membranes sensitive to iodide (solid), perchlorate (liquid) and propantheline (PVC matrix), respectively. Streaming potential oscillations were reduced to 0.2 mV by siting the sensing membrane as near as possible to the external reference electrolyte - sample solution contact zone. Air-segmented streams were used to study the effect of flow rates of 1.74, 3.64 and 6.7 mL min-1. Sampling rates of up to 60, 120 and 240 h-1, respectively, were achieved.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '0', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 00:02:43', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => '!Diamondis, E.P.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1039/an9871201293', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Flow-through units for solid-state, liquid and PVC matrix membrane ion-selective electrodes to minimize streaming potentials', Analyst, 1987 112(9) 1293-1298', 'firstchar' => 'F', 'twochars' => 'Fl', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 6 => array( 'id' => '007658', 'authors' => 'Davey, D.E.;Mulcahy, D.E.;O'Connell, G.R.', 'authorsweb' => 'David E. Davey, Dennis E. Mulcahy and Gregory R. O'Connell', 'title' => 'Effect of flow injection parameters on the selectivity of an iodide-selective electrode', 'journal' => 'Analyst', 'journal_id' => '0864', 'fadid' => 'ANAL1992V0117P00761', 'year' => '1992', 'volume' => '117', 'issue' => '4', 'startpage' => '761', 'endpage' => '765', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1275;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0303;', 'keywords' => ';0398;0217;0302;', 'abstract' => 'The effects of sample loop volume, flow rate, carrier I- concentration, interferents, solution pH and temperature were studied, with selectivity coefficient being measured for Br-, SCN- and thiosulfate. Samples of 100 µL should be mixed with a 1 µM-KI carrier and a 0.1 M KNO3 reagent stream flowing at a combined rate of 6 to 7 mL min-1 in either neutral or acid solution at 20°C. A study has been carried out on the influence of several experimental parameters on the selectivity of a homogeneous membrane iodide-selective electrode operating under flow injection conditions. Selectivity coefficients were measured for bromide, thiocyanate and thiosulfate by use of a mixed-solution technique, with the effects of sample loop volume, flow rate, carrier iodide concentration, interferent activity, solution pH and temperature being investigated in turn. When the flow system was optimized, it proved possible to double the selectivity of the electrode towards iodide. Facets of the observed behavior were found to correlate well with existing theories on the time-dependent response of solid-state ion-selective electrodes. Peak profiles were also examined, with particular attention being given to the potential excursions or 'overshoots' recorded when mixed solutions of low iodide activity were injected into the flow stream.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '2', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 08:32:42', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'NA', 'address' => 'Sch. Chem. Technol., Univ. South Australia, The Levels, 5095, Australia', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1039/an9921700761', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Effect of flow injection parameters on the selectivity of an iodide-selective electrode', Analyst, 1992 117(4) 761-765', 'firstchar' => 'E', 'twochars' => 'Ef', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 7 => array( 'id' => '008266', 'authors' => 'Alexander, P.W.;Seegopaul, P.', 'authorsweb' => 'Peter W. Alexander and Purneshwar Seegopaul', 'title' => 'Rapid-flow continuous analysis with ion-selective electrodes', 'journal' => 'Anal. Chem.', 'journal_id' => '0499', 'fadid' => 'ANCH1980V0052P02403', 'year' => '1980', 'volume' => '52', 'issue' => '14', 'startpage' => '2403', 'endpage' => '2406', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1275;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0303;', 'keywords' => '', 'abstract' => 'A study of rapid sampling in a continuous-flow system is reported with an iodide solid-state electrode as a continuous sensor. The system is operated by consecutive manual aspiration of sample and wash solutions into a flow manifold with air segmentation to reduce carry-over. The design features and flow rates used in the operation of the system are described, and it is found that sampling rates up to 360/h are permissible with flow rates as low as 9.2 mL min-1. The concept of combining rapid flow with air segmentation is shown to give an Improved method for achieving rapid sampling with electrode detection in a continuous-flow system with advantages over the more complex bubble-gating and flow-injection techniques currently in use.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2014-11-12 21:24:23', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '8', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 18:32:10', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00008', 'pauthor' => '!Alexander, P.W.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => 'Not DOI assigned. Use issue url', 'url' => '10.1021/ac50064a038', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Rapid-flow continuous analysis with ion-selective electrodes', Anal. Chem., 1980 52(14) 2403-2406', 'firstchar' => 'R', 'twochars' => 'Ra', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array([maximum depth reached]) ), (int) 8 => array( 'id' => '008892', 'authors' => 'Van Staden, J.F.', 'authorsweb' => 'Jacobus F. van Staden', 'title' => 'Incorporation of a coated tubular solid-state iodide selective electrode into the conduits of a flow injection system', 'journal' => 'Fresenius J. Anal. Chem.', 'journal_id' => '0944', 'fadid' => 'FJAC1986V0325P00247', 'year' => '1986', 'volume' => '325', 'issue' => '3', 'startpage' => '247', 'endpage' => '251', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1275;', 'matrices' => ';0473;', 'techniques' => ';0303;0400;', 'keywords' => ';0043;0090;0302;0354;0223;0054;', 'abstract' => 'A tubular flow-through electrode (5 mm long, 2 mm i.d.) prepared by depositing AgI on silver foil and connected to an Orion Research microprocessor Ionalyzer with an Orion double-junction reference electrode was incorporated in a flow injection system (diagram given) capable of 90 samples h-1. Samples and ionic-strength-adjustment buffer were fed by a peristaltic pump with a pulse suppression system. Optimum sensitivity and response were obtained with 0.1 M KNO3 - 0.02 M acetic acid buffer. Response of carefully conditioned electrodes was rectilinear from 5 to 5000 mg L-1 of I-; they were stable and needed little maintenance. Analyses of iodized table salt agreed reasonably with quoted I- concentration, with a coefficient of variation of <1.8% (n = 15). The practical range was 5 to 2000 mg l-1.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '15', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 00:20:33', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00328', 'pauthor' => '!Van Staden, J.F.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1007/BF00498166', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Incorporation of a coated tubular solid-state iodide selective electrode into the conduits of a flow injection system', Fresenius J. Anal. Chem., 1986 325(3) 247-251', 'firstchar' => 'I', 'twochars' => 'In', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 9 => array( 'id' => '008904', 'authors' => 'Trojanowicz, M.A.;Frenzel, W.', 'authorsweb' => 'Marek Trojanowicz and Wolfgang Frenzel', 'title' => 'Flow injection potentiometry for low level measurements in the presence of sensed ion in the carrier', 'journal' => 'Fresenius J. Anal. Chem.', 'journal_id' => '0944', 'fadid' => 'FJAC1987V0328P00653', 'year' => '1987', 'volume' => '328', 'issue' => '8', 'startpage' => '653', 'endpage' => '656', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0982;1275;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0298;0303;0400;', 'keywords' => ';0464;', 'abstract' => 'A theoretical treatment based on the Nikolski equation is presented for the response of ion-sensitive electrodes in flow injection analysis, and the predictions are compared with experimental results obtained with a F--selective electrode and 0.2 M NaCl - 0.2 M acetate buffer (pH 5.2) containing F- (100 µg l-1) as carrier and with an I--selective electrode and a carrier of 0.2 M KNO3 containing ascorbic acid (1 g l-1) and I- (100 µg l-1). Measurements were made in a single-line manifold with a variable length of tubing (0.8 mm i.d.) and an injected volume of 100 µL. Significant deviations due to slow response were observed, but it is possible to linearize the calibration graph for low-dispersion systems and the electrodes can be used, with limited sensitivity, in the µg L-1 concentration. range.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '21', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 00:20:53', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00320', 'pauthor' => '!Trojanowicz, M.A.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1007/BF00488664', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Flow injection potentiometry for low level measurements in the presence of sensed ion in the carrier', Fresenius J. Anal. Chem., 1987 328(8) 653-656', 'firstchar' => 'F', 'twochars' => 'Fl', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 10 => array( 'id' => '008907', 'authors' => 'Ilcheva, L.;Trojanowicz, M.A.;Krawczynski Vel Krawczyk, T.', 'authorsweb' => 'Liliana Ilcheva, Marek Trojanowicz and Tadeusz Krawczynski vel Krawczyk', 'title' => 'Effect of addition of main ion to carrier solution in potentiometric flow injection measurements with solid state ion-selective electrodes', 'journal' => 'Fresenius J. Anal. Chem.', 'journal_id' => '0944', 'fadid' => 'FJAC1987V0328P00027', 'year' => '1987', 'volume' => '328', 'issue' => '1-2', 'startpage' => '27', 'endpage' => '32', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0982;0594;1275;0684;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0238;0290;0295;0298;0303;0400;', 'keywords' => ';0401;0464;', 'abstract' => 'Flow injection measurements were made by using a flow-through cup (described and illustrated) and Cl--, F--, I-- and Cu(II)-selective electrodes. The addition of the main ion to the carrier solution to create a constant background level of main ion produces a significant improvement in response for the F-- and I--selective electrodes. However, a very slow return of the potential value to the baseline is observed for I- measurements; this is attributable to the slow desorption of I- from the electrode surface. The super-Nernstian slope observed for the F-- and Cu(II)-selective electrodes in the absence of F- or Cu(II) in the carrier solution decreased to Nernstian values in the presence of the ions in the carrier solution', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '27', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 00:20:46', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00320', 'pauthor' => '!Trojanowicz, M.A.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1007/BF00560942', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Effect of addition of main ion to carrier solution in potentiometric flow injection measurements with solid state ion-selective electrodes', Fresenius J. Anal. Chem., 1987 328(1-2) 27-32', 'firstchar' => 'E', 'twochars' => 'Ef', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 11 => array( 'id' => '009866', 'authors' => 'Davey, D.E.;Mulcahy, D.E.;O'Connell, G.R.', 'authorsweb' => 'David E. Davey, Dennis E. Mulcahy, Gregory R. O'Connell', 'title' => 'Comparison of detector cell configurations in flow injection potentiometry', 'journal' => 'Electroanalysis', 'journal_id' => '1003', 'fadid' => 'ELAN1993V0005P00581', 'year' => '1993', 'volume' => '5', 'issue' => '7', 'startpage' => '581', 'endpage' => '588', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1275;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0400;0303;', 'keywords' => ';0258;', 'abstract' => 'A solid-state iodide-selective electrode was used to compare the performances of flow-through, edge-jet and wall-jet detector cell configurations in FIA. Cell volume of 4-210 µL were studied with flow streams of 1.7 or 3.2 ml/min and injections of 0.1 M KI were made into a flow stream of 10 µM-KI or of 0.1 M KNO3. Similarly good results were obtained for each configuration in the cell volume range 4-63 µL at 1.7 ml/min or 4-120 µL at 3.2 ml/min, but best results were given generally under thin-layer flow conditions which occurred in the cell volume range 4-33 µL. The range of cell volume that could yield steady data decreased in the order edge-jet, wall-jet, flow-through configuration.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '7', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 14:09:26', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00106', 'pauthor' => '!Davey, D.E.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1002/elan.1140050709', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'no', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Comparison of detector cell configurations in flow injection potentiometry', Electroanalysis, 1993 5(7) 581-588', 'firstchar' => 'C', 'twochars' => 'Co', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 12 => array( 'id' => '009877', 'authors' => 'Daunert, S.;Florido, A.;Bricker, J.;Dunaway, W.;Bachas, L.G.;Valiente, M.', 'authorsweb' => 'Sylvia Daunert, Antonio Florido, Jordi Bricker, Wes Dunaway, Leonidas G. Bachas, Manuel Valiente', 'title' => 'Iodide-selective electrodes based on a mercury - tri-isobutylphosphine sulfide complex', 'journal' => 'Electroanalysis', 'journal_id' => '1003', 'fadid' => 'ELAN1993V0005P00839', 'year' => '1993', 'volume' => '5', 'issue' => '9-10', 'startpage' => '839', 'endpage' => '843', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';2324;1275;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0303;0400;', 'keywords' => '', 'abstract' => 'Tri-isobutylphosphine sulfide - Hg complex-based ISE were prepared (described) and were used in conjunction with an Orion 90-02-00 double-junction reference electrode. Batchwise potentiometric measurements were made in 0.1 M 2-morpholinoethanesulfonic acid (I)/NaOH buffers of pH 5.5, 6 or 6.5 or 0.1 M NaH2PO4/NaOH buffers of pH 6 or 6.5. Various Hg complex/PVC/plasticizer/DMF/THF mixtures were also used to prepare a membrane within a flow-through tubular electrode made from Epo-Tek 410 Ag-based conductive epoxy. This membrane electrode was used for detection in FIA. ISE containing 4% of ionophore showed near-Nernstian response to thiocyanate in all three I buffers and the detection limit was 2-4 µM, slightly better than in the phosphate buffers (detection limit of 5 µM-thiocyanate). Response times averaged 1 min for thiocyanate and 12 min for iodide. In FIA, the best signals were obtained with 100 µL sample injections and a carrier flow rate of 3.3 ml/min; with a membrane containing 4% of ionophore, the peak heights were reproducible to within ±1 mV for three injections at a given concentration.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '7', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 14:09:32', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00857', 'pauthor' => '!Bachas, L.G.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1002/elan.1140050919', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'no', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Iodide-selective electrodes based on a mercury - tri-isobutylphosphine sulfide complex', Electroanalysis, 1993 5(9-10) 839-843', 'firstchar' => 'I', 'twochars' => 'Io', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array([maximum depth reached]) ), (int) 13 => array( 'id' => '009899', 'authors' => 'Davey, D.E.;Mulcahy, D.E.;O'Connell, G.R.;Smart, R.S.', 'authorsweb' => 'David E. Davey, Dennis E. Mulcahy, Gregory R. O'Connell, Roger StC. Smart', 'title' => 'A flow injection/XPS investigation of the effect of redox equilibria on the selectivity of an iodide-selective electrode', 'journal' => 'Electroanalysis', 'journal_id' => '1003', 'fadid' => 'ELAN1995V0007P00461', 'year' => '1995', 'volume' => '7', 'issue' => '5', 'startpage' => '461', 'endpage' => '470', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1275;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0303;0400;', 'keywords' => ';0217;0377;0398;', 'abstract' => 'Bromide, thiocyanate and thiosulfate were studied as three moderately-interfering species. The flow injection (FI) manifold was as described earlier (Pure Appl. Chem, 1976, 48, 129). Potentiometric measurements were made with an Orion Research Model 710A digital pH/mV meter and the Orion 94-06A iodide ISE was used for most of the FI work. Neutral and acidified iodate and bromate oxidant streams increased the selectivity of the iodide electrode towards the interferents. Use of ascorbic acid or metabisulfite reducing streams resulted in a greater degree of selectivity towards iodide than was obtained with either of the neutral oxidant streams but a lower degree of selectivity than was obtained when a simple nitrate reagent stream was present. Thiosulfate damaged the surface of the electrode irreparably, with a concomitant excessive peak broadening in the FI experiment and very poor baseline recovery.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '8', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 14:10:24', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '01201', 'pauthor' => '!O'Connell, G.R.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1002/elan.1140070510', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'no', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''A flow injection/XPS investigation of the effect of redox equilibria on the selectivity of an iodide-selective electrode', Electroanalysis, 1995 7(5) 461-470', 'firstchar' => 'A', 'twochars' => 'A ', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 14 => array( 'id' => '009912', 'authors' => 'Davey, D.E.;Mulcahy, D.E.;O'Connell, G.R.', 'authorsweb' => 'David E. Davey, Dennis E. Mulcahy, Gregory R. O'Connell*', 'title' => 'Effect of membrane composition on the flow injection response of an ion-selective electrode: a comparative study based an selectivity coefficients calculated using a data linearization technique', 'journal' => 'Electroanalysis', 'journal_id' => '1003', 'fadid' => 'ELAN1996V0008P00274', 'year' => '1996', 'volume' => '8', 'issue' => '3', 'startpage' => '274', 'endpage' => '279', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1275;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0303;0284;0330;0400;', 'keywords' => ';0217;', 'abstract' => 'Portions of 100 µL of iodide solutions containing 100 mM bromide, thiocyanate and thiosulfate as interferents were injected into carrier and reagent streams (total flow 6.6 ml/min) of 1 µM-KI and 100 mM KNO3, and iodide detected using a variety of purpose made AgI/Ag2S (details given) and commercially available iodide, sulfide and cadmium ISE. Calibration graphs of the respective ISE responses are presented. Most sensors showed good analytical performance, excepting that prepared from a 3:1 AgI/Ag2S membrane.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '8', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 14:10:51', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '01201', 'pauthor' => '!O'Connell, G.R.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1002/elan.1140080313', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Effect of membrane composition on the flow injection response of an ion-selective electrode: a comparative study based an selectivity coefficients calculated using a data linearization technique', Electroanalysis, 1996 8(3) 274-279', 'firstchar' => 'E', 'twochars' => 'Ef', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 15 => array( 'id' => '009940', 'authors' => 'Di Benedetto, L.T.;Dimitrakopoulos, T.', 'authorsweb' => 'Lucy Tina Di Benedetto, Telis Dimitrakopoulos*', 'title' => 'Evaluation of a new wall-jet flow-through cell for commercial ion-selective electrodes in flow injection potentiometry', 'journal' => 'Electroanalysis', 'journal_id' => '1003', 'fadid' => 'ELAN1997V0009P00179', 'year' => '1997', 'volume' => '9', 'issue' => '2', 'startpage' => '179', 'endpage' => '182', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0205;0487;1275;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0400;0285;0303;', 'keywords' => ';0167;0043;', 'abstract' => 'The cited poly(methyl methacrylate) cell (28 x 25 x 35 mm) which can accommodate commercial gas-sensing, liquid polymer membrane and solid-state-based ISE is described (diagram given). The cell contains a 1 mm i.d. Ag/AgCl wire reference electrode and the dead volume of the ISE compartment is 18 µL. Two separate inlets and flow channels are used to carry the sample and reference solutions to the ISE and reference electrode, respectively, after which the streams are merged and carried to waste. The analysis rate was up to 240 samples/h and injection volumes >=50 µL are recommended. An Orion 95-12 ammonia ISE was used in the cell with a sample injection volume of 100 µL and 1 M KOH/1 µM-NH4Cl and 1 M KCl as carrier and reference solutions, respectively, e.g., at total flow rate of 1.8 ml/min. Calibration graphs of potential vs. log. NH3 concentration were linear for 0.1-10 mM NH3 and peak height RSD were 0.4-3.5%. The flow cell was also used to determine Ca and iodide using appropriate ISE.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '9', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 14:11:38', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00943', 'pauthor' => '!Dimitrakopoulos, T.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1002/elan.1140090219', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Evaluation of a new wall-jet flow-through cell for commercial ion-selective electrodes in flow injection potentiometry', Electroanalysis, 1997 9(2) 179-182', 'firstchar' => 'E', 'twochars' => 'Ev', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 16 => array( 'id' => '011126', 'authors' => 'Ilcheva, L.K.;Cammann, K.;Georgieva, T.', 'authorsweb' => 'NA', 'title' => 'Iodide selective electrode in flow injection system', 'journal' => 'Analusis', 'journal_id' => '0562', 'fadid' => 'ANLU1988V0016P00101', 'year' => '1988', 'volume' => '16', 'issue' => '9-10', 'startpage' => '101', 'endpage' => '104', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1275;', 'matrices' => ';0671;', 'techniques' => ';0303;', 'keywords' => ';0128;0217;', 'abstract' => 'Baseline drift that occurred during use of the I--selective electrode [Seibold 57-17 (Radelkis)] in presence of a high Cl- concentration. could be avoided by use of a flow injection system with the addition of ascorbic acid to the carrier stream. Thus, 50 ppm of I- in high-purity NaCl could be determined by flow injection analysis in a carrier stream (1.7 mL min-1) of 0.1 M NaNO3 containing 0.1 mg L-1 of ascorbic acid with use of the cited electrode. No interference from Cl- memory effects could be detected.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:11:09', 'sjccheck' => 'No', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '0', 'urlcheck' => '2006-05-20 18:43:48', 'urlcheckcode' => '', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'NA', 'address' => 'Higher Chem. Technol. Inst., Dept. Anal. Chem., 1156 Sofia Bulgaria', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => 'NA SJC 102114', 'url' => 'NA', 'urltype' => 'NA', 'gotpdf' => 'no', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Iodide selective electrode in flow injection system', Analusis, 1988 16(9-10) 101-104', 'firstchar' => 'I', 'twochars' => 'Io', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 17 => array( 'id' => '011372', 'authors' => 'Volesky, B.;Emond, C.', 'authorsweb' => 'B. Volesky, C. Emond', 'title' => 'Continuous-flow monitoring of lactose concentration', 'journal' => 'Biotechnol. Bioeng.', 'journal_id' => '0782', 'fadid' => 'BTBE1979V0021P01251', 'year' => '1979', 'volume' => '21', 'issue' => '7', 'startpage' => '1251', 'endpage' => '1276', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1349;', 'matrices' => 'NA', 'techniques' => ';0303;', 'keywords' => ';0258;0217;', 'abstract' => 'A specific continuous-flow analytical system for determination of lactose concentration in a liquid mixture of constituent sugars was developed and tested based on a series of enzymatic reactions. Lactose and glucose oxidase immobilized on a phenol-formaldehyde resin were employed. More detailed study was carried out based on a reaction by-product quantitatively detected by an available iodide electrode. A multichannel proportioning pump fed two independently operated analytical streams eliminating thus the background glucose interference. With a goal of lactose concentration control in a fermentation process, the system response time delay was shortened to approximately 15 min. Apart from optimization of the analytical system operating parameters, the study indicates also the major application problem areas: lactase inhibition by galactose, galactose oxidation by glucose oxidase, and a partial loss of glucose oxidase activity in a prolonged continuous-flow operation. A manual Colorimetric Procedure was employed to verify the results of the potentiometric method.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '2006-08-24 01:57:33', 'hits' => '7', 'urlcheck' => '2014-11-25 23:02:47', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found (Array)', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'NA', 'address' => 'Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada H3A 2A7', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1002/bit.260210713', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'no', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Continuous-flow monitoring of lactose concentration', Biotechnol. Bioeng., 1979 21(7) 1251-1276', 'firstchar' => 'C', 'twochars' => 'Co', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 18 => array( 'id' => '012627', 'authors' => 'Seifert, K.;Dominok, B.;Dominok, G.W.', 'authorsweb' => 'K Seifert, B Dominok, GW Dominok', 'title' => 'Improved methods for determination of fluoride in biological materials', 'journal' => 'Fluoride', 'journal_id' => '1177', 'fadid' => 'FLUR1986V0019P00022', 'year' => '1986', 'volume' => '19', 'issue' => '1', 'startpage' => '22', 'endpage' => '25', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0982;', 'matrices' => ';0262;0160;', 'techniques' => ';0298;0303;0416;', 'keywords' => ';0454;0468;', 'abstract' => 'Fluoride is separated from cartilage or aortic tissues without ashing by an adaptation of the method of Yoshida et al. (Anal. Abstr., 1979, 37, 6B109). The reaction takes place in a closed apparatus comprising a 100 mL flask in series with two gas bubblers, each containing 25 mL of 0.1 M NaOH. The sample, 50 mL of water and two drops of hexamethyldisiloxane are placed in the flask, and 40 mL of concentrated H2SO4 is added to the sample through a dropping funnel. The trimethylsilanol(I) produced reacts with the F- to form fluorotrimethylsilane(II), which is swept by N (50 mL min-1) to the bubblers. II is converted by the alkali back into I, which is extracted into toluene before measurement of the F- so liberated in 0.45 M HClO4 medium with an I--selective electrode. Urine is analyzed directly for F- in 0.5 M HClO4 medium containing 0.001% of Triton X-100 by using two F--selective electrodes in a flow injection system. The latter method was applied to urine of persons drinking fluoridated water or occupationally exposed to F. The former method was applied to tissues from adults and infants, and the results are reported.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '2006-08-06 10:50:14', 'hits' => '7', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-13 12:09:40', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 200 OK', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'Dominok, G.W.', 'address' => 'Institute of Hygiene and Pathology, Cottbus, GDR', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => null, 'url' => 'www.fluorideresearch.org/191/files/FJ1986_v19_n1_p001-050.pdf', 'urltype' => 'pdfurl', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Improved methods for determination of fluoride in biological materials', Fluoride, 1986 19(1) 22-25', 'firstchar' => 'I', 'twochars' => 'Im', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 19 => array( 'id' => '013023', 'authors' => 'Gur'ev, I.A.;Kuleshova, N.V.', 'authorsweb' => 'I. A. Gur'ev and N. V. Kuleshova', 'title' => 'Sorption preconcentration and flow injection determination of cadmium', 'journal' => 'J. Anal. Chem.', 'journal_id' => '0798', 'fadid' => 'JACU1998V0053P00796', 'year' => '1998', 'volume' => '53', 'issue' => '9', 'startpage' => '796', 'endpage' => '799', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0478;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0290;0303;0400;', 'keywords' => ';0212;0089;0398;', 'abstract' => 'A procedure for the flow injection determination of Cd traces in aqueous solutions was developed. The procedure is based on the use of ion-selective electrodes sensitive to chloride or iodide complexes of Cd. Sorption pre-concentration simultaneously transforms Cd to anal. active species, it decreases the limit of detection, and improves the selectivity of determination.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:11:09', 'sjccheck' => 'No', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '15', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-23 18:49:51', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Object moved', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'NA', 'address' => 'Chemistry Department, Nizhni-Novgorod State University, prosp. Gagarina 23, 603600, Nizhni Novgorod, Russia', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => 'Not available on springer', 'url' => 'elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=13280948', 'urltype' => 'absurl', 'gotpdf' => 'no', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Sorption preconcentration and flow injection determination of cadmium', J. Anal. Chem., 1998 53(9) 796-799', 'firstchar' => 'S', 'twochars' => 'So', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 20 => array( 'id' => '014690', 'authors' => 'Muller, H.;Wallaschek, G.', 'authorsweb' => 'Helmut Müller, Günter Wallaschek', 'title' => 'Determination of water in organic solvents by using the Karl Fischer method with flow injection analysis', 'journal' => 'Z. Chem.', 'journal_id' => '0557', 'fadid' => 'ZSCH1984V0024P00075', 'year' => '1984', 'volume' => '24', 'issue' => '2', 'startpage' => '75', 'endpage' => '76', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';2508;', 'matrices' => ';0806;0630;', 'techniques' => ';0303;0337;0400;', 'keywords' => '', 'abstract' => 'Liquid paraffin is pumped into the reservoir to force the Karl Fischer reagent in two parallel streams into phase-separation vessels; in this way the reagent does not make contact with the pump tubing. The lower (reagent) phase from the separation vessels flows to the detection system; one stream passes the sample-introduction system and traverses a delay coil. A µflow-through I--selective electrode (Ag2S type) is used for potentiometric measurement, and the differential response is recorded. Calibration standards are included in each series of analyzes to compensate for changes in electrode response as its surface acquires an iodine-containing coating. From 0.01 to 5% (w/w) of water can be determined with a coefficient of variation of 3%, and 50 to 60 samples (e.g., 30 µL) can be analyzed in 1 h; only 0.9 mL of reagent is needed per determination.', 'language' => 'German', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'No', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '0', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 22:07:35', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'NA', 'address' => 'Technische Hochschule 'Carl Schorlemmer', Leuna-Merseburg, Sektion Chemie, 4200 Merseburg, Otto-Nuschke-Str, E.-Germany', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1002/zfch.19840240221', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Determination of water in organic solvents by using the Karl Fischer method with flow injection analysis', Z. Chem., 1984 24(2) 75-76', 'firstchar' => 'D', 'twochars' => 'De', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Keyword' => array([maximum depth reached]) ) ) ) $c = array( 'id' => '003989', 'authors' => 'Trojanowicz, M.A.;Matuszewski, W.;Hulanicki, A.', 'authorsweb' => 'Marek Trojanowicz, Wojciech Matuszewski and Adam Hulanicki', 'title' => 'Flow injection potentiometric determination of residual chlorine in water', 'journal' => 'Anal. Chim. Acta', 'journal_id' => '0584', 'fadid' => 'ANCA1982V0136P00085', 'year' => '1982', 'volume' => '136', 'issue' => '1', 'startpage' => '85', 'endpage' => '92 ', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0597;', 'matrices' => ';0372;', 'techniques' => ';0192;0303;0400;', 'keywords' => '', 'abstract' => 'Residual chlorine is measured in water by using a potentiometric system composed of an iodide-selective electrode and a platinum electrode sensing the iodine-iodide ratio. When the sample is added to acidified iodide solution, the cell response is in a logarithmic relation to the iodine concentration which in turn depends on the concentration of residual chlorine. In the flow injection system evolved, 0.1-5.0 mg L-1 residual chlorine can be determined at a rate of 40-60 samples per hour. The results of potentiometric determinations of residual chlorine in tap water compared to spectrophotometric results suggest that the presence of various organic substances is responsible for discrepancies between these measurements.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '9', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 15:43:35', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00320', 'pauthor' => '!Trojanowicz, M.A.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1016/S0003-2670(01)95366-8', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Flow injection potentiometric determination of residual chlorine in water', Anal. Chim. Acta, 1982 136(1) 85-92 ', 'firstchar' => 'F', 'twochars' => 'Fl', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( 'id' => '000742', 'citation_id' => '003989', 'technique_id' => '0303' ), 'Analyte' => array( (int) 0 => array( 'id' => '00597', 'name' => 'Chlorine', 'iupac_name' => 'molecular chlorine', 'casrn' => '7782-50-5', 'synonyms' => 'Dichlorine; Chlorine; Chlorinated Water; Chlorine ; Molecular Chlorine', 'total' => '29', 'inchi' => 'InChI=1S/Cl2/c1-2', 'inchikey' => 'KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N', 'formula' => 'Cl2', 'oxstate' => 'Zero', 'url' => '', 'charge' => '0', 'class1' => 'Element', 'class2' => 'Non-metal', 'class3' => 'Halogen', 'class4' => 'Molecule', 'class5' => '', 'isgroup' => '', 'checked' => 'yes', 'citation_count' => '0', 'updated' => '2015-10-23 09:55:00', 'first' => 'C', 'nametotal' => 'Chlorine**29', 'AnalytesCitation' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ) ), 'Matrix' => array( (int) 0 => array( 'id' => '0372', 'label' => 'Environmental', 'level1' => 'Environmental', 'level2' => 'water', 'level3' => '', 'level4' => '', 'level5' => '', 'synonyms' => '', 'total' => '490', 'url' => '', 'updated' => '2015-12-09 21:04:43', 'name' => 'Environmental, water', 'nametotal' => 'Environmental, water**490', 'first' => 'E', 'CitationsMatrix' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ) ), 'Keyword' => array() ) $i = (int) 0 $path = '' $a = '' $url = 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0003-2670(01)95366-8' $aus = 'Marek Trojanowicz, Wojciech Matuszewski and Adam Hulanicki'include - APP/View/Elements/citation.ctp, line 40 View::_evaluate() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 971 View::_render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 933 View::_renderElement() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 1224 View::element() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 418 include - APP/View/Techniques/view.ctp, line 52 View::_evaluate() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 971 View::_render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 933 View::render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 473 Controller::render() - CORE/Cake/Controller/Controller.php, line 968 Dispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/Cake/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 200 Dispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/Cake/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 167 [main] - APP/webroot/index.php, line 109
Abstract:
Residual chlorine is measured in water by using a potentiometric system composed of an iodide-selective electrode and a platinum electrode sensing the iodine-iodide ratio. When the sample is added to acidified iodide solution, the cell response is in a logarithmic relation to the iodine concentration which in turn depends on the concentration of residual chlorine. In the flow injection system evolved, 0.1-5.0 mg L-1 residual chlorine can be determined at a rate of 40-60 samples per hour. The results of potentiometric determinations of residual chlorine in tap water compared to spectrophotometric results suggest that the presence of various organic substances is responsible for discrepancies between these measurements.
Chlorine
Environmental
"Sequential Flow Injection Determination Of Cyanide And Weak Metal Cyanide Complexes With Flow-through Heterogeneous Membrane Electrodes"
Anal. Chim. Acta
1988 Volume 215, Issue 1-2 Pages 283-288
Notice (8): Undefined variable: uid [APP/View/Elements/citation.ctp, line 40]E. Figuerola, A. Florido, M. Aguilar and J. De Pablo, S. 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Figuerola, A. Florido, M. Aguilar and J. De Pablo, S. Alegret', 'title' => 'Sequential flow injection determination of cyanide and weak metal cyanide complexes with flow-through heterogeneous membrane electrodes', 'journal' => 'Anal. Chim. Acta', 'journal_id' => '0584', 'fadid' => 'ANCA1988V0215P00283', 'year' => '1988', 'volume' => '215', 'issue' => '1-2', 'startpage' => '283', 'endpage' => '288', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0716;0717;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0127;0303;0400;', 'keywords' => ';0173;0217;0302;0212;0258;', 'abstract' => 'Two I--selective heterogeneous epoxy-based membrane flow-through electrodes were placed before and after a gas diffusion unit in a flow injection system for determination of free and total CN-. The CN--containing sample was injected into a KNO3 carrier solution and free CN- was determined by the first flow-through electrode. The solution was then treated with the HCl stream in the reaction coil. The HCN evolved passed through the gas-permeable membrane in the diffusion unit and was collected in an alkaline solution, where the CN- was measured by the second flow-through electrode. Under optimum conditions, the response was rectilinear from 10 µM to 1 mM CN- and the coefficient of variation were ~2% with a sampling rate of 20 h-1. Total CN- could be determined in the presence of Zn, Cu(II) and Cd but results were low in the presence of Ni, Co(II) and Fe(III). Sulfide and SCN- were not tolerated. The reproducibility was worse than that of spectrophotometric detection but the method could be used over a wider concentration. range and was more suitable for an online control monitoring system.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '2', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 15:55:59', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'NA', 'address' => '?', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1016/S0003-2670(00)85287-3', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Sequential flow injection determination of cyanide and weak metal cyanide complexes with flow-through heterogeneous membrane electrodes', Anal. Chim. 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Chim. Acta', 'journal_id' => '0584', 'fadid' => 'ANCA1982V0136P00085', 'year' => '1982', 'volume' => '136', 'issue' => '1', 'startpage' => '85', 'endpage' => '92 ', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0597;', 'matrices' => ';0372;', 'techniques' => ';0192;0303;0400;', 'keywords' => '', 'abstract' => 'Residual chlorine is measured in water by using a potentiometric system composed of an iodide-selective electrode and a platinum electrode sensing the iodine-iodide ratio. When the sample is added to acidified iodide solution, the cell response is in a logarithmic relation to the iodine concentration which in turn depends on the concentration of residual chlorine. In the flow injection system evolved, 0.1-5.0 mg L-1 residual chlorine can be determined at a rate of 40-60 samples per hour. The results of potentiometric determinations of residual chlorine in tap water compared to spectrophotometric results suggest that the presence of various organic substances is responsible for discrepancies between these measurements.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '9', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 15:43:35', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00320', 'pauthor' => '!Trojanowicz, M.A.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1016/S0003-2670(01)95366-8', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Flow injection potentiometric determination of residual chlorine in water', Anal. Chim. Acta, 1982 136(1) 85-92 ', 'firstchar' => 'F', 'twochars' => 'Fl', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Keyword' => array([maximum depth reached]) ), (int) 1 => array( 'id' => '005156', 'authors' => 'Figuerola, E.;Florido, A.;Aguilar, M.;De Pablo, J.;Alegret, S.', 'authorsweb' => 'E. Figuerola, A. Florido, M. Aguilar and J. De Pablo, S. Alegret', 'title' => 'Sequential flow injection determination of cyanide and weak metal cyanide complexes with flow-through heterogeneous membrane electrodes', 'journal' => 'Anal. Chim. Acta', 'journal_id' => '0584', 'fadid' => 'ANCA1988V0215P00283', 'year' => '1988', 'volume' => '215', 'issue' => '1-2', 'startpage' => '283', 'endpage' => '288', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0716;0717;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0127;0303;0400;', 'keywords' => ';0173;0217;0302;0212;0258;', 'abstract' => 'Two I--selective heterogeneous epoxy-based membrane flow-through electrodes were placed before and after a gas diffusion unit in a flow injection system for determination of free and total CN-. The CN--containing sample was injected into a KNO3 carrier solution and free CN- was determined by the first flow-through electrode. The solution was then treated with the HCl stream in the reaction coil. The HCN evolved passed through the gas-permeable membrane in the diffusion unit and was collected in an alkaline solution, where the CN- was measured by the second flow-through electrode. Under optimum conditions, the response was rectilinear from 10 µM to 1 mM CN- and the coefficient of variation were ~2% with a sampling rate of 20 h-1. Total CN- could be determined in the presence of Zn, Cu(II) and Cd but results were low in the presence of Ni, Co(II) and Fe(III). Sulfide and SCN- were not tolerated. The reproducibility was worse than that of spectrophotometric detection but the method could be used over a wider concentration. range and was more suitable for an online control monitoring system.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '2', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 15:55:59', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'NA', 'address' => '?', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1016/S0003-2670(00)85287-3', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Sequential flow injection determination of cyanide and weak metal cyanide complexes with flow-through heterogeneous membrane electrodes', Anal. Chim. Acta, 1988 215(1-2) 283-288', 'firstchar' => 'S', 'twochars' => 'Se', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 2 => array( 'id' => '005694', 'authors' => 'Van Staden, J.F.', 'authorsweb' => 'Jacobus F. van Staden', 'title' => 'Response time phenomena of coated open-tubular solid-state silver halide-selective electrodes and their influence on sample dispersion in flow injection analysis', 'journal' => 'Anal. Chim. Acta', 'journal_id' => '0584', 'fadid' => 'ANCA1992V0261P00381', 'year' => '1992', 'volume' => '261', 'issue' => '1-2', 'startpage' => '381', 'endpage' => '390', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0451;0594;1275;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0283;0290;0303;', 'keywords' => ';0302;0410;0119;', 'abstract' => 'A comparative study has been made of the response times of coated open-tubular Ag membrane electrodes selective towards Cl-, Br- or I- (cf. Ibid., 1986, 179, 407) as they affect the throughput of flow injection analysis systems. The tubular indicator electrodes were used in conjunction with an Orion 90-02 double-junction reference electrode with 10% KNO3 solution in its outer chamber. The digitized signals were smoothed by applying the DS (data sets) Cat and Smooth operations of the ASYST software; typical background-corrected graphs for the flow injection measurement of halides (10 to 5000 mg l-1) are reproduced. Examination of the leading edges of the various peaks showed that their rate of response was independent of concentration. and did not significantly decrease the sampling rate, although the response of the Br- electrode at the initial peak-formation stages near the baseline was slightly slower than that of the others. The rate of response of the trailing edges was mainly responsible for the sampling rate in an optimized flow injection system, and the I- electrode showed a memory effect, which was largely responsible for the low sampling rate of this system compared with similar systems with the other two electrodes. The contribution of the memory effect or response time phenomena of coated open-tubular solid state chloride-, bromide-, and iodide-selective electrodes on the anal. output in flow injection systems are presented for concentration. ranges between 10 and 5000 mg L-1. The rate of response for the leading edges of all three electrodes due to electrode properties are independent of concentration. and do not contribute significantly to any decrease in sampling rate, although the rate of response of the bromide-selective electrode flow injection analysis (FIA) system seems to be slightly slower than the other two electrode systems at the initial peak-formation stages near the base line. The rate of response for the tailing edges of the different electrodes due to electrode properties is mainly responsible for the sampling rate obtained in an optimized FIA-ISE system. The memory effect of the iodide-selective electrode is mainly responsible for the fact that the sampling rate of this system is very much lower than the sampling rate obtained for similar systems with the other two electrodes. For the bromide-selective electrode system, the slower rate of response due to electrode properties at the tailing edges (especially with high concentrations of bromide) than that of the chloride-selective electrode, contributes mainly to a lower sampling output for the bromide-selective electrode-FIA system when compared with the chloride electrode system.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '6', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 16:06:13', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00328', 'pauthor' => '!Van Staden, J.F.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1016/0003-2670(92)80217-U', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Response time phenomena of coated open-tubular solid-state silver halide-selective electrodes and their influence on sample dispersion in flow injection analysis', Anal. Chim. Acta, 1992 261(1-2) 381-390', 'firstchar' => 'R', 'twochars' => 'Re', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 3 => array( 'id' => '006910', 'authors' => 'Alegret, S.;Florido, A.;Lima, J.L.F.C.;Machado, A.A.S.C.', 'authorsweb' => 'S. Alegret*, A. Florido, J. L. F. C. Lima and A. A. S. C. Machado ', 'title' => 'Flow-through tubular iodide- and bromide-selective electrodes based on epoxy-resin heterogeneous membranes', 'journal' => 'Talanta', 'journal_id' => '0569', 'fadid' => 'TALT1989V0036P00825', 'year' => '1989', 'volume' => '36', 'issue' => '8', 'startpage' => '825', 'endpage' => '829', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1275;0451;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0283;0303;', 'keywords' => ';0217;0253;0385;0213;', 'abstract' => 'The electrodes were made from 4-mm lengths of Perspex tubing (1 cm o.d., 8 mm i.d.), which were filled with Ag-containing conductive epoxy-resin to which a shielded cable was then attached. A hole (1.75 mm diameter) was drilled through the centre, which was then packed with powdered AgX - Ag2S mixture (X = I or Br) dispersed in non-conductive epoxy-resin. A central channel (0.75 mm diameter) was then drilled leaving a membrane of 0.5-mm thickness. The response characteristics were evaluated in a low-dispersion flow injection system, and both showed a Nernstian response between 50 µM and 0.1 M with good reproducibility and a rapid response that permitted a sampling rate of 60 h-1. Operational pH ranges for I- and Br- were 2.5 to 11 and 3 to 10, respectively. Interference by several ions is reported; I- must be absent in determinations with the Br- electrode.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '11', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 14:55:17', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00788', 'pauthor' => '!Alegret, S.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1016/0039-9140(89)80162-6', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Flow-through tubular iodide- and bromide-selective electrodes based on epoxy-resin heterogeneous membranes', Talanta, 1989 36(8) 825-829', 'firstchar' => 'F', 'twochars' => 'Fl', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 4 => array( 'id' => '006998', 'authors' => 'Najib, F.M.;Othman, S.', 'authorsweb' => 'Fadhil M. Najib* and Shireen Othman, ', 'title' => 'Simultaneous determination of chloride, bromide, iodide and fluoride with flow injection - ion-selective electrode systems', 'journal' => 'Talanta', 'journal_id' => '0569', 'fadid' => 'TALT1992V0039P01259', 'year' => '1992', 'volume' => '39', 'issue' => '10', 'startpage' => '1259', 'endpage' => '1267', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0594;0451;1275;0982;', 'matrices' => ';0372;', 'techniques' => ';0283;0290;0298;0303;', 'keywords' => ';0258;0320;0217;', 'abstract' => 'Electrodes for Cl-, Br- and I- were constructed (preparation described) from Ag2 - AgCl or AgBr (1:1) and Ag2S - AgI (1:3); for F- a commercial electrode was used. By combining the electrodes and suppressor columns of AgCl and amalgamated Pb, the ions were simultaneously determined in a carrier stream (0.5 mL min-1) of e.g. 0.1 M HClO4 at pH 4.0. The calibration graphs were rectilinear down to 100, 5, 1 and 5 µM for Cl-, Br-, I- and F-, respectively. The reproducibility was 1% for the determination of the halides in eight water samples, the results agreed well with those obtained by three reference methods. Flow-through ion-selective electrodes were constructed from compressed pellets (8-10 mm thick, 13 mm diameter, 10 tons/cm2 pressure) of Ag2S/AgX (X = Cl-, Br- or I-) drilled longitudinally (1.5 mm diameter hole) to be suitable for use in flow injection analysis. A column of AgCl (5.5 cm long, 2-3 mm internal diameter) was included in the Cl- electrode manifold to remove interferences from 10^-4 M Br- and 3 x 10^-5 M I- and S2-. A column of amalgamated lead (2-3 cm long, 2-3 mm internal diameter) was used in the Br--electrode manifold to remove interference from 2 x 10^-5 M I-, 3 x 10^-5 M S2- and 7 x 10^-4 M Cl-. These columns and the addition of ascorbic acid were not required when I- was determined with the iodide electrode. The carrier stream was 0.1 M sodium perchlorate (pH 4) at a flow-rate of 0.5 mL/min. The sample pH could be 4-7. Simultaneous determination of Cl- and I-, Cl-, I- and Br-, and Cl-, I-, Br- and F- ions was possible with combinations of the corresponding electrodes and columns in series and/or parallel in specially designed manifolds. Calibration plots were linear, with almost theoretical slopes, down to 10^-6 M I-, 5 x 10^-6 M Br-, 10^-4 M Cl- and 5 x 10^-6 M F-, with precision better than 1%. Sampling rates for single-ion determinations were 72, 102, 90 and 80 per h for the one-, two-, three- and four-electrode systems respectively. Determinations of these ions in water samples by the recommended procedure and by established batch methods showed no significant difference at the 95% confidence limits in a paired comparison t-test.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '28', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 14:59:47', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'Najib, F.M.', 'address' => 'Department of Chemistry, University of Salahaddin, Arbil, Iraq', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1016/0039-9140(92)80234-5', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Simultaneous determination of chloride, bromide, iodide and fluoride with flow injection - ion-selective electrode systems', Talanta, 1992 39(10) 1259-1267', 'firstchar' => 'S', 'twochars' => 'Si', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 5 => array( 'id' => '007457', 'authors' => 'Christopoulos, T.K.;Diamandis, E.P.', 'authorsweb' => 'Theodore K. Christopoulos and Eleftherios P. Diamandis', 'title' => 'Flow-through units for solid-state, liquid and PVC matrix membrane ion-selective electrodes to minimize streaming potentials', 'journal' => 'Analyst', 'journal_id' => '0864', 'fadid' => 'ANAL1987V0112P01293', 'year' => '1987', 'volume' => '112', 'issue' => '9', 'startpage' => '1293', 'endpage' => '1298', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1275;1757;1978;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0303;0315;0156;', 'keywords' => ';0258;0397;', 'abstract' => 'Three flow-through units were constructed (diagrams given) and evaluated for electrode membranes sensitive to iodide (solid), perchlorate (liquid) and propantheline (PVC matrix), respectively. Streaming potential oscillations were reduced to 0.2 mV by siting the sensing membrane as near as possible to the external reference electrolyte - sample solution contact zone. Air-segmented streams were used to study the effect of flow rates of 1.74, 3.64 and 6.7 mL min-1. Sampling rates of up to 60, 120 and 240 h-1, respectively, were achieved.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '0', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 00:02:43', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => '!Diamondis, E.P.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1039/an9871201293', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Flow-through units for solid-state, liquid and PVC matrix membrane ion-selective electrodes to minimize streaming potentials', Analyst, 1987 112(9) 1293-1298', 'firstchar' => 'F', 'twochars' => 'Fl', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 6 => array( 'id' => '007658', 'authors' => 'Davey, D.E.;Mulcahy, D.E.;O'Connell, G.R.', 'authorsweb' => 'David E. Davey, Dennis E. Mulcahy and Gregory R. O'Connell', 'title' => 'Effect of flow injection parameters on the selectivity of an iodide-selective electrode', 'journal' => 'Analyst', 'journal_id' => '0864', 'fadid' => 'ANAL1992V0117P00761', 'year' => '1992', 'volume' => '117', 'issue' => '4', 'startpage' => '761', 'endpage' => '765', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1275;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0303;', 'keywords' => ';0398;0217;0302;', 'abstract' => 'The effects of sample loop volume, flow rate, carrier I- concentration, interferents, solution pH and temperature were studied, with selectivity coefficient being measured for Br-, SCN- and thiosulfate. Samples of 100 µL should be mixed with a 1 µM-KI carrier and a 0.1 M KNO3 reagent stream flowing at a combined rate of 6 to 7 mL min-1 in either neutral or acid solution at 20°C. A study has been carried out on the influence of several experimental parameters on the selectivity of a homogeneous membrane iodide-selective electrode operating under flow injection conditions. Selectivity coefficients were measured for bromide, thiocyanate and thiosulfate by use of a mixed-solution technique, with the effects of sample loop volume, flow rate, carrier iodide concentration, interferent activity, solution pH and temperature being investigated in turn. When the flow system was optimized, it proved possible to double the selectivity of the electrode towards iodide. Facets of the observed behavior were found to correlate well with existing theories on the time-dependent response of solid-state ion-selective electrodes. Peak profiles were also examined, with particular attention being given to the potential excursions or 'overshoots' recorded when mixed solutions of low iodide activity were injected into the flow stream.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '2', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 08:32:42', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'NA', 'address' => 'Sch. Chem. Technol., Univ. South Australia, The Levels, 5095, Australia', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1039/an9921700761', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Effect of flow injection parameters on the selectivity of an iodide-selective electrode', Analyst, 1992 117(4) 761-765', 'firstchar' => 'E', 'twochars' => 'Ef', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 7 => array( 'id' => '008266', 'authors' => 'Alexander, P.W.;Seegopaul, P.', 'authorsweb' => 'Peter W. Alexander and Purneshwar Seegopaul', 'title' => 'Rapid-flow continuous analysis with ion-selective electrodes', 'journal' => 'Anal. Chem.', 'journal_id' => '0499', 'fadid' => 'ANCH1980V0052P02403', 'year' => '1980', 'volume' => '52', 'issue' => '14', 'startpage' => '2403', 'endpage' => '2406', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1275;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0303;', 'keywords' => '', 'abstract' => 'A study of rapid sampling in a continuous-flow system is reported with an iodide solid-state electrode as a continuous sensor. The system is operated by consecutive manual aspiration of sample and wash solutions into a flow manifold with air segmentation to reduce carry-over. The design features and flow rates used in the operation of the system are described, and it is found that sampling rates up to 360/h are permissible with flow rates as low as 9.2 mL min-1. The concept of combining rapid flow with air segmentation is shown to give an Improved method for achieving rapid sampling with electrode detection in a continuous-flow system with advantages over the more complex bubble-gating and flow-injection techniques currently in use.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2014-11-12 21:24:23', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '8', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 18:32:10', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00008', 'pauthor' => '!Alexander, P.W.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => 'Not DOI assigned. Use issue url', 'url' => '10.1021/ac50064a038', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Rapid-flow continuous analysis with ion-selective electrodes', Anal. Chem., 1980 52(14) 2403-2406', 'firstchar' => 'R', 'twochars' => 'Ra', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array([maximum depth reached]) ), (int) 8 => array( 'id' => '008892', 'authors' => 'Van Staden, J.F.', 'authorsweb' => 'Jacobus F. van Staden', 'title' => 'Incorporation of a coated tubular solid-state iodide selective electrode into the conduits of a flow injection system', 'journal' => 'Fresenius J. Anal. Chem.', 'journal_id' => '0944', 'fadid' => 'FJAC1986V0325P00247', 'year' => '1986', 'volume' => '325', 'issue' => '3', 'startpage' => '247', 'endpage' => '251', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1275;', 'matrices' => ';0473;', 'techniques' => ';0303;0400;', 'keywords' => ';0043;0090;0302;0354;0223;0054;', 'abstract' => 'A tubular flow-through electrode (5 mm long, 2 mm i.d.) prepared by depositing AgI on silver foil and connected to an Orion Research microprocessor Ionalyzer with an Orion double-junction reference electrode was incorporated in a flow injection system (diagram given) capable of 90 samples h-1. Samples and ionic-strength-adjustment buffer were fed by a peristaltic pump with a pulse suppression system. Optimum sensitivity and response were obtained with 0.1 M KNO3 - 0.02 M acetic acid buffer. Response of carefully conditioned electrodes was rectilinear from 5 to 5000 mg L-1 of I-; they were stable and needed little maintenance. Analyses of iodized table salt agreed reasonably with quoted I- concentration, with a coefficient of variation of <1.8% (n = 15). The practical range was 5 to 2000 mg l-1.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '15', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 00:20:33', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00328', 'pauthor' => '!Van Staden, J.F.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1007/BF00498166', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Incorporation of a coated tubular solid-state iodide selective electrode into the conduits of a flow injection system', Fresenius J. Anal. Chem., 1986 325(3) 247-251', 'firstchar' => 'I', 'twochars' => 'In', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 9 => array( 'id' => '008904', 'authors' => 'Trojanowicz, M.A.;Frenzel, W.', 'authorsweb' => 'Marek Trojanowicz and Wolfgang Frenzel', 'title' => 'Flow injection potentiometry for low level measurements in the presence of sensed ion in the carrier', 'journal' => 'Fresenius J. Anal. Chem.', 'journal_id' => '0944', 'fadid' => 'FJAC1987V0328P00653', 'year' => '1987', 'volume' => '328', 'issue' => '8', 'startpage' => '653', 'endpage' => '656', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0982;1275;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0298;0303;0400;', 'keywords' => ';0464;', 'abstract' => 'A theoretical treatment based on the Nikolski equation is presented for the response of ion-sensitive electrodes in flow injection analysis, and the predictions are compared with experimental results obtained with a F--selective electrode and 0.2 M NaCl - 0.2 M acetate buffer (pH 5.2) containing F- (100 µg l-1) as carrier and with an I--selective electrode and a carrier of 0.2 M KNO3 containing ascorbic acid (1 g l-1) and I- (100 µg l-1). Measurements were made in a single-line manifold with a variable length of tubing (0.8 mm i.d.) and an injected volume of 100 µL. Significant deviations due to slow response were observed, but it is possible to linearize the calibration graph for low-dispersion systems and the electrodes can be used, with limited sensitivity, in the µg L-1 concentration. range.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '21', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 00:20:53', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00320', 'pauthor' => '!Trojanowicz, M.A.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1007/BF00488664', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Flow injection potentiometry for low level measurements in the presence of sensed ion in the carrier', Fresenius J. Anal. Chem., 1987 328(8) 653-656', 'firstchar' => 'F', 'twochars' => 'Fl', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 10 => array( 'id' => '008907', 'authors' => 'Ilcheva, L.;Trojanowicz, M.A.;Krawczynski Vel Krawczyk, T.', 'authorsweb' => 'Liliana Ilcheva, Marek Trojanowicz and Tadeusz Krawczynski vel Krawczyk', 'title' => 'Effect of addition of main ion to carrier solution in potentiometric flow injection measurements with solid state ion-selective electrodes', 'journal' => 'Fresenius J. Anal. Chem.', 'journal_id' => '0944', 'fadid' => 'FJAC1987V0328P00027', 'year' => '1987', 'volume' => '328', 'issue' => '1-2', 'startpage' => '27', 'endpage' => '32', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0982;0594;1275;0684;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0238;0290;0295;0298;0303;0400;', 'keywords' => ';0401;0464;', 'abstract' => 'Flow injection measurements were made by using a flow-through cup (described and illustrated) and Cl--, F--, I-- and Cu(II)-selective electrodes. The addition of the main ion to the carrier solution to create a constant background level of main ion produces a significant improvement in response for the F-- and I--selective electrodes. However, a very slow return of the potential value to the baseline is observed for I- measurements; this is attributable to the slow desorption of I- from the electrode surface. The super-Nernstian slope observed for the F-- and Cu(II)-selective electrodes in the absence of F- or Cu(II) in the carrier solution decreased to Nernstian values in the presence of the ions in the carrier solution', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '27', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 00:20:46', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00320', 'pauthor' => '!Trojanowicz, M.A.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1007/BF00560942', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Effect of addition of main ion to carrier solution in potentiometric flow injection measurements with solid state ion-selective electrodes', Fresenius J. Anal. Chem., 1987 328(1-2) 27-32', 'firstchar' => 'E', 'twochars' => 'Ef', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 11 => array( 'id' => '009866', 'authors' => 'Davey, D.E.;Mulcahy, D.E.;O'Connell, G.R.', 'authorsweb' => 'David E. Davey, Dennis E. Mulcahy, Gregory R. O'Connell', 'title' => 'Comparison of detector cell configurations in flow injection potentiometry', 'journal' => 'Electroanalysis', 'journal_id' => '1003', 'fadid' => 'ELAN1993V0005P00581', 'year' => '1993', 'volume' => '5', 'issue' => '7', 'startpage' => '581', 'endpage' => '588', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1275;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0400;0303;', 'keywords' => ';0258;', 'abstract' => 'A solid-state iodide-selective electrode was used to compare the performances of flow-through, edge-jet and wall-jet detector cell configurations in FIA. Cell volume of 4-210 µL were studied with flow streams of 1.7 or 3.2 ml/min and injections of 0.1 M KI were made into a flow stream of 10 µM-KI or of 0.1 M KNO3. Similarly good results were obtained for each configuration in the cell volume range 4-63 µL at 1.7 ml/min or 4-120 µL at 3.2 ml/min, but best results were given generally under thin-layer flow conditions which occurred in the cell volume range 4-33 µL. The range of cell volume that could yield steady data decreased in the order edge-jet, wall-jet, flow-through configuration.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '7', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 14:09:26', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00106', 'pauthor' => '!Davey, D.E.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1002/elan.1140050709', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'no', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Comparison of detector cell configurations in flow injection potentiometry', Electroanalysis, 1993 5(7) 581-588', 'firstchar' => 'C', 'twochars' => 'Co', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 12 => array( 'id' => '009877', 'authors' => 'Daunert, S.;Florido, A.;Bricker, J.;Dunaway, W.;Bachas, L.G.;Valiente, M.', 'authorsweb' => 'Sylvia Daunert, Antonio Florido, Jordi Bricker, Wes Dunaway, Leonidas G. Bachas, Manuel Valiente', 'title' => 'Iodide-selective electrodes based on a mercury - tri-isobutylphosphine sulfide complex', 'journal' => 'Electroanalysis', 'journal_id' => '1003', 'fadid' => 'ELAN1993V0005P00839', 'year' => '1993', 'volume' => '5', 'issue' => '9-10', 'startpage' => '839', 'endpage' => '843', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';2324;1275;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0303;0400;', 'keywords' => '', 'abstract' => 'Tri-isobutylphosphine sulfide - Hg complex-based ISE were prepared (described) and were used in conjunction with an Orion 90-02-00 double-junction reference electrode. Batchwise potentiometric measurements were made in 0.1 M 2-morpholinoethanesulfonic acid (I)/NaOH buffers of pH 5.5, 6 or 6.5 or 0.1 M NaH2PO4/NaOH buffers of pH 6 or 6.5. Various Hg complex/PVC/plasticizer/DMF/THF mixtures were also used to prepare a membrane within a flow-through tubular electrode made from Epo-Tek 410 Ag-based conductive epoxy. This membrane electrode was used for detection in FIA. ISE containing 4% of ionophore showed near-Nernstian response to thiocyanate in all three I buffers and the detection limit was 2-4 µM, slightly better than in the phosphate buffers (detection limit of 5 µM-thiocyanate). Response times averaged 1 min for thiocyanate and 12 min for iodide. In FIA, the best signals were obtained with 100 µL sample injections and a carrier flow rate of 3.3 ml/min; with a membrane containing 4% of ionophore, the peak heights were reproducible to within ±1 mV for three injections at a given concentration.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '7', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 14:09:32', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00857', 'pauthor' => '!Bachas, L.G.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1002/elan.1140050919', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'no', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Iodide-selective electrodes based on a mercury - tri-isobutylphosphine sulfide complex', Electroanalysis, 1993 5(9-10) 839-843', 'firstchar' => 'I', 'twochars' => 'Io', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array([maximum depth reached]) ), (int) 13 => array( 'id' => '009899', 'authors' => 'Davey, D.E.;Mulcahy, D.E.;O'Connell, G.R.;Smart, R.S.', 'authorsweb' => 'David E. Davey, Dennis E. Mulcahy, Gregory R. O'Connell, Roger StC. Smart', 'title' => 'A flow injection/XPS investigation of the effect of redox equilibria on the selectivity of an iodide-selective electrode', 'journal' => 'Electroanalysis', 'journal_id' => '1003', 'fadid' => 'ELAN1995V0007P00461', 'year' => '1995', 'volume' => '7', 'issue' => '5', 'startpage' => '461', 'endpage' => '470', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1275;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0303;0400;', 'keywords' => ';0217;0377;0398;', 'abstract' => 'Bromide, thiocyanate and thiosulfate were studied as three moderately-interfering species. The flow injection (FI) manifold was as described earlier (Pure Appl. Chem, 1976, 48, 129). Potentiometric measurements were made with an Orion Research Model 710A digital pH/mV meter and the Orion 94-06A iodide ISE was used for most of the FI work. Neutral and acidified iodate and bromate oxidant streams increased the selectivity of the iodide electrode towards the interferents. Use of ascorbic acid or metabisulfite reducing streams resulted in a greater degree of selectivity towards iodide than was obtained with either of the neutral oxidant streams but a lower degree of selectivity than was obtained when a simple nitrate reagent stream was present. Thiosulfate damaged the surface of the electrode irreparably, with a concomitant excessive peak broadening in the FI experiment and very poor baseline recovery.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '8', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 14:10:24', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '01201', 'pauthor' => '!O'Connell, G.R.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1002/elan.1140070510', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'no', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''A flow injection/XPS investigation of the effect of redox equilibria on the selectivity of an iodide-selective electrode', Electroanalysis, 1995 7(5) 461-470', 'firstchar' => 'A', 'twochars' => 'A ', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 14 => array( 'id' => '009912', 'authors' => 'Davey, D.E.;Mulcahy, D.E.;O'Connell, G.R.', 'authorsweb' => 'David E. Davey, Dennis E. Mulcahy, Gregory R. O'Connell*', 'title' => 'Effect of membrane composition on the flow injection response of an ion-selective electrode: a comparative study based an selectivity coefficients calculated using a data linearization technique', 'journal' => 'Electroanalysis', 'journal_id' => '1003', 'fadid' => 'ELAN1996V0008P00274', 'year' => '1996', 'volume' => '8', 'issue' => '3', 'startpage' => '274', 'endpage' => '279', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1275;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0303;0284;0330;0400;', 'keywords' => ';0217;', 'abstract' => 'Portions of 100 µL of iodide solutions containing 100 mM bromide, thiocyanate and thiosulfate as interferents were injected into carrier and reagent streams (total flow 6.6 ml/min) of 1 µM-KI and 100 mM KNO3, and iodide detected using a variety of purpose made AgI/Ag2S (details given) and commercially available iodide, sulfide and cadmium ISE. Calibration graphs of the respective ISE responses are presented. Most sensors showed good analytical performance, excepting that prepared from a 3:1 AgI/Ag2S membrane.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '8', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 14:10:51', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '01201', 'pauthor' => '!O'Connell, G.R.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1002/elan.1140080313', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Effect of membrane composition on the flow injection response of an ion-selective electrode: a comparative study based an selectivity coefficients calculated using a data linearization technique', Electroanalysis, 1996 8(3) 274-279', 'firstchar' => 'E', 'twochars' => 'Ef', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 15 => array( 'id' => '009940', 'authors' => 'Di Benedetto, L.T.;Dimitrakopoulos, T.', 'authorsweb' => 'Lucy Tina Di Benedetto, Telis Dimitrakopoulos*', 'title' => 'Evaluation of a new wall-jet flow-through cell for commercial ion-selective electrodes in flow injection potentiometry', 'journal' => 'Electroanalysis', 'journal_id' => '1003', 'fadid' => 'ELAN1997V0009P00179', 'year' => '1997', 'volume' => '9', 'issue' => '2', 'startpage' => '179', 'endpage' => '182', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0205;0487;1275;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0400;0285;0303;', 'keywords' => ';0167;0043;', 'abstract' => 'The cited poly(methyl methacrylate) cell (28 x 25 x 35 mm) which can accommodate commercial gas-sensing, liquid polymer membrane and solid-state-based ISE is described (diagram given). The cell contains a 1 mm i.d. Ag/AgCl wire reference electrode and the dead volume of the ISE compartment is 18 µL. Two separate inlets and flow channels are used to carry the sample and reference solutions to the ISE and reference electrode, respectively, after which the streams are merged and carried to waste. The analysis rate was up to 240 samples/h and injection volumes >=50 µL are recommended. An Orion 95-12 ammonia ISE was used in the cell with a sample injection volume of 100 µL and 1 M KOH/1 µM-NH4Cl and 1 M KCl as carrier and reference solutions, respectively, e.g., at total flow rate of 1.8 ml/min. Calibration graphs of potential vs. log. NH3 concentration were linear for 0.1-10 mM NH3 and peak height RSD were 0.4-3.5%. The flow cell was also used to determine Ca and iodide using appropriate ISE.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '9', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 14:11:38', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00943', 'pauthor' => '!Dimitrakopoulos, T.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1002/elan.1140090219', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Evaluation of a new wall-jet flow-through cell for commercial ion-selective electrodes in flow injection potentiometry', Electroanalysis, 1997 9(2) 179-182', 'firstchar' => 'E', 'twochars' => 'Ev', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 16 => array( 'id' => '011126', 'authors' => 'Ilcheva, L.K.;Cammann, K.;Georgieva, T.', 'authorsweb' => 'NA', 'title' => 'Iodide selective electrode in flow injection system', 'journal' => 'Analusis', 'journal_id' => '0562', 'fadid' => 'ANLU1988V0016P00101', 'year' => '1988', 'volume' => '16', 'issue' => '9-10', 'startpage' => '101', 'endpage' => '104', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1275;', 'matrices' => ';0671;', 'techniques' => ';0303;', 'keywords' => ';0128;0217;', 'abstract' => 'Baseline drift that occurred during use of the I--selective electrode [Seibold 57-17 (Radelkis)] in presence of a high Cl- concentration. could be avoided by use of a flow injection system with the addition of ascorbic acid to the carrier stream. Thus, 50 ppm of I- in high-purity NaCl could be determined by flow injection analysis in a carrier stream (1.7 mL min-1) of 0.1 M NaNO3 containing 0.1 mg L-1 of ascorbic acid with use of the cited electrode. No interference from Cl- memory effects could be detected.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:11:09', 'sjccheck' => 'No', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '0', 'urlcheck' => '2006-05-20 18:43:48', 'urlcheckcode' => '', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'NA', 'address' => 'Higher Chem. Technol. Inst., Dept. Anal. Chem., 1156 Sofia Bulgaria', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => 'NA SJC 102114', 'url' => 'NA', 'urltype' => 'NA', 'gotpdf' => 'no', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Iodide selective electrode in flow injection system', Analusis, 1988 16(9-10) 101-104', 'firstchar' => 'I', 'twochars' => 'Io', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 17 => array( 'id' => '011372', 'authors' => 'Volesky, B.;Emond, C.', 'authorsweb' => 'B. Volesky, C. Emond', 'title' => 'Continuous-flow monitoring of lactose concentration', 'journal' => 'Biotechnol. Bioeng.', 'journal_id' => '0782', 'fadid' => 'BTBE1979V0021P01251', 'year' => '1979', 'volume' => '21', 'issue' => '7', 'startpage' => '1251', 'endpage' => '1276', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1349;', 'matrices' => 'NA', 'techniques' => ';0303;', 'keywords' => ';0258;0217;', 'abstract' => 'A specific continuous-flow analytical system for determination of lactose concentration in a liquid mixture of constituent sugars was developed and tested based on a series of enzymatic reactions. Lactose and glucose oxidase immobilized on a phenol-formaldehyde resin were employed. More detailed study was carried out based on a reaction by-product quantitatively detected by an available iodide electrode. A multichannel proportioning pump fed two independently operated analytical streams eliminating thus the background glucose interference. With a goal of lactose concentration control in a fermentation process, the system response time delay was shortened to approximately 15 min. Apart from optimization of the analytical system operating parameters, the study indicates also the major application problem areas: lactase inhibition by galactose, galactose oxidation by glucose oxidase, and a partial loss of glucose oxidase activity in a prolonged continuous-flow operation. A manual Colorimetric Procedure was employed to verify the results of the potentiometric method.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '2006-08-24 01:57:33', 'hits' => '7', 'urlcheck' => '2014-11-25 23:02:47', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found (Array)', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'NA', 'address' => 'Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada H3A 2A7', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1002/bit.260210713', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'no', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Continuous-flow monitoring of lactose concentration', Biotechnol. Bioeng., 1979 21(7) 1251-1276', 'firstchar' => 'C', 'twochars' => 'Co', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 18 => array( 'id' => '012627', 'authors' => 'Seifert, K.;Dominok, B.;Dominok, G.W.', 'authorsweb' => 'K Seifert, B Dominok, GW Dominok', 'title' => 'Improved methods for determination of fluoride in biological materials', 'journal' => 'Fluoride', 'journal_id' => '1177', 'fadid' => 'FLUR1986V0019P00022', 'year' => '1986', 'volume' => '19', 'issue' => '1', 'startpage' => '22', 'endpage' => '25', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0982;', 'matrices' => ';0262;0160;', 'techniques' => ';0298;0303;0416;', 'keywords' => ';0454;0468;', 'abstract' => 'Fluoride is separated from cartilage or aortic tissues without ashing by an adaptation of the method of Yoshida et al. (Anal. Abstr., 1979, 37, 6B109). The reaction takes place in a closed apparatus comprising a 100 mL flask in series with two gas bubblers, each containing 25 mL of 0.1 M NaOH. The sample, 50 mL of water and two drops of hexamethyldisiloxane are placed in the flask, and 40 mL of concentrated H2SO4 is added to the sample through a dropping funnel. The trimethylsilanol(I) produced reacts with the F- to form fluorotrimethylsilane(II), which is swept by N (50 mL min-1) to the bubblers. II is converted by the alkali back into I, which is extracted into toluene before measurement of the F- so liberated in 0.45 M HClO4 medium with an I--selective electrode. Urine is analyzed directly for F- in 0.5 M HClO4 medium containing 0.001% of Triton X-100 by using two F--selective electrodes in a flow injection system. The latter method was applied to urine of persons drinking fluoridated water or occupationally exposed to F. The former method was applied to tissues from adults and infants, and the results are reported.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '2006-08-06 10:50:14', 'hits' => '7', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-13 12:09:40', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 200 OK', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'Dominok, G.W.', 'address' => 'Institute of Hygiene and Pathology, Cottbus, GDR', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => null, 'url' => 'www.fluorideresearch.org/191/files/FJ1986_v19_n1_p001-050.pdf', 'urltype' => 'pdfurl', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Improved methods for determination of fluoride in biological materials', Fluoride, 1986 19(1) 22-25', 'firstchar' => 'I', 'twochars' => 'Im', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 19 => array( 'id' => '013023', 'authors' => 'Gur'ev, I.A.;Kuleshova, N.V.', 'authorsweb' => 'I. A. Gur'ev and N. V. Kuleshova', 'title' => 'Sorption preconcentration and flow injection determination of cadmium', 'journal' => 'J. Anal. Chem.', 'journal_id' => '0798', 'fadid' => 'JACU1998V0053P00796', 'year' => '1998', 'volume' => '53', 'issue' => '9', 'startpage' => '796', 'endpage' => '799', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0478;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0290;0303;0400;', 'keywords' => ';0212;0089;0398;', 'abstract' => 'A procedure for the flow injection determination of Cd traces in aqueous solutions was developed. The procedure is based on the use of ion-selective electrodes sensitive to chloride or iodide complexes of Cd. Sorption pre-concentration simultaneously transforms Cd to anal. active species, it decreases the limit of detection, and improves the selectivity of determination.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:11:09', 'sjccheck' => 'No', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '15', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-23 18:49:51', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Object moved', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'NA', 'address' => 'Chemistry Department, Nizhni-Novgorod State University, prosp. Gagarina 23, 603600, Nizhni Novgorod, Russia', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => 'Not available on springer', 'url' => 'elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=13280948', 'urltype' => 'absurl', 'gotpdf' => 'no', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Sorption preconcentration and flow injection determination of cadmium', J. Anal. Chem., 1998 53(9) 796-799', 'firstchar' => 'S', 'twochars' => 'So', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 20 => array( 'id' => '014690', 'authors' => 'Muller, H.;Wallaschek, G.', 'authorsweb' => 'Helmut Müller, Günter Wallaschek', 'title' => 'Determination of water in organic solvents by using the Karl Fischer method with flow injection analysis', 'journal' => 'Z. Chem.', 'journal_id' => '0557', 'fadid' => 'ZSCH1984V0024P00075', 'year' => '1984', 'volume' => '24', 'issue' => '2', 'startpage' => '75', 'endpage' => '76', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';2508;', 'matrices' => ';0806;0630;', 'techniques' => ';0303;0337;0400;', 'keywords' => '', 'abstract' => 'Liquid paraffin is pumped into the reservoir to force the Karl Fischer reagent in two parallel streams into phase-separation vessels; in this way the reagent does not make contact with the pump tubing. The lower (reagent) phase from the separation vessels flows to the detection system; one stream passes the sample-introduction system and traverses a delay coil. A µflow-through I--selective electrode (Ag2S type) is used for potentiometric measurement, and the differential response is recorded. Calibration standards are included in each series of analyzes to compensate for changes in electrode response as its surface acquires an iodine-containing coating. From 0.01 to 5% (w/w) of water can be determined with a coefficient of variation of 3%, and 50 to 60 samples (e.g., 30 µL) can be analyzed in 1 h; only 0.9 mL of reagent is needed per determination.', 'language' => 'German', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'No', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '0', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 22:07:35', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'NA', 'address' => 'Technische Hochschule 'Carl Schorlemmer', Leuna-Merseburg, Sektion Chemie, 4200 Merseburg, Otto-Nuschke-Str, E.-Germany', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1002/zfch.19840240221', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Determination of water in organic solvents by using the Karl Fischer method with flow injection analysis', Z. Chem., 1984 24(2) 75-76', 'firstchar' => 'D', 'twochars' => 'De', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Keyword' => array([maximum depth reached]) ) ) ) $c = array( 'id' => '005156', 'authors' => 'Figuerola, E.;Florido, A.;Aguilar, M.;De Pablo, J.;Alegret, S.', 'authorsweb' => 'E. Figuerola, A. Florido, M. Aguilar and J. De Pablo, S. Alegret', 'title' => 'Sequential flow injection determination of cyanide and weak metal cyanide complexes with flow-through heterogeneous membrane electrodes', 'journal' => 'Anal. Chim. Acta', 'journal_id' => '0584', 'fadid' => 'ANCA1988V0215P00283', 'year' => '1988', 'volume' => '215', 'issue' => '1-2', 'startpage' => '283', 'endpage' => '288', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0716;0717;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0127;0303;0400;', 'keywords' => ';0173;0217;0302;0212;0258;', 'abstract' => 'Two I--selective heterogeneous epoxy-based membrane flow-through electrodes were placed before and after a gas diffusion unit in a flow injection system for determination of free and total CN-. The CN--containing sample was injected into a KNO3 carrier solution and free CN- was determined by the first flow-through electrode. The solution was then treated with the HCl stream in the reaction coil. The HCN evolved passed through the gas-permeable membrane in the diffusion unit and was collected in an alkaline solution, where the CN- was measured by the second flow-through electrode. Under optimum conditions, the response was rectilinear from 10 µM to 1 mM CN- and the coefficient of variation were ~2% with a sampling rate of 20 h-1. Total CN- could be determined in the presence of Zn, Cu(II) and Cd but results were low in the presence of Ni, Co(II) and Fe(III). Sulfide and SCN- were not tolerated. The reproducibility was worse than that of spectrophotometric detection but the method could be used over a wider concentration. range and was more suitable for an online control monitoring system.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '2', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 15:55:59', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'NA', 'address' => '?', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1016/S0003-2670(00)85287-3', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Sequential flow injection determination of cyanide and weak metal cyanide complexes with flow-through heterogeneous membrane electrodes', Anal. Chim. Acta, 1988 215(1-2) 283-288', 'firstchar' => 'S', 'twochars' => 'Se', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( 'id' => '001567', 'citation_id' => '005156', 'technique_id' => '0303' ), 'Analyte' => array( (int) 0 => array( 'id' => '00716', 'name' => 'Cyanide', 'iupac_name' => 'cyanide', 'casrn' => '57-12-5', 'synonyms' => 'Cyanide; Cyanide anion; Cyanide (CN-); Cyanide ; Cyanides, inorganic, n.o.s.; Cyanides; Isocyanide', 'total' => '70', 'inchi' => 'InChI=1S/CN/c1-2/q-1', 'inchikey' => 'XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N', 'formula' => 'CN-', 'oxstate' => '-1', 'url' => '', 'charge' => '-1', 'class1' => 'Inorganic compound', 'class2' => 'NA', 'class3' => 'NA', 'class4' => 'Anion', 'class5' => 'NA', 'isgroup' => '', 'checked' => 'yes', 'citation_count' => '0', 'updated' => '2015-10-23 09:55:56', 'first' => 'C', 'nametotal' => 'Cyanide**70', 'AnalytesCitation' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 1 => array( 'id' => '00717', 'name' => 'Cyanide, complexes, metal', 'iupac_name' => '', 'casrn' => 'NA', 'synonyms' => '', 'total' => '2', 'inchi' => '', 'inchikey' => '', 'formula' => '', 'oxstate' => null, 'url' => '', 'charge' => null, 'class1' => 'Inorganic compound', 'class2' => 'NA', 'class3' => 'NA', 'class4' => 'Complex', 'class5' => 'NA', 'isgroup' => 'no', 'checked' => 'no', 'citation_count' => '0', 'updated' => '2015-12-11 09:53:17', 'first' => 'C', 'nametotal' => 'Cyanide, complexes, metal**2', 'AnalytesCitation' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ) ), 'Matrix' => array(), 'Keyword' => array( (int) 0 => array( 'id' => '0173', 'type' => 'Manifold process', 'keyword' => 'Gas diffusion', 'newKeyword' => '', 'synonyms' => '', 'fao' => '', 'total' => '227', 'first' => 'G', 'keytotal' => 'Gas diffusion**227', 'CitationsKeyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 1 => array( 'id' => '0217', 'type' => 'Chemical Process', 'keyword' => 'Interferences', 'newKeyword' => '', 'synonyms' => '', 'fao' => '', 'total' => '1972', 'first' => 'I', 'keytotal' => 'Interferences**1972', 'CitationsKeyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 2 => array( 'id' => '0302', 'type' => 'Feature', 'keyword' => 'Optimization', 'newKeyword' => '', 'synonyms' => '', 'fao' => '', 'total' => '1069', 'first' => 'O', 'keytotal' => 'Optimization**1069', 'CitationsKeyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 3 => array( 'id' => '0212', 'type' => 'Analysis Mode', 'keyword' => 'Indirect', 'newKeyword' => '', 'synonyms' => '', 'fao' => '', 'total' => '346', 'first' => 'I', 'keytotal' => 'Indirect**346', 'CitationsKeyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 4 => array( 'id' => '0258', 'type' => 'Chemometrics', 'keyword' => 'Method comparison', 'newKeyword' => '', 'synonyms' => '', 'fao' => '', 'total' => '1232', 'first' => 'M', 'keytotal' => 'Method comparison**1232', 'CitationsKeyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ) ) ) $i = (int) 1 $path = '' $a = '' $url = 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0003-2670(00)85287-3' $aus = 'E. Figuerola, A. Florido, M. Aguilar and J. De Pablo, S. Alegret'include - APP/View/Elements/citation.ctp, line 40 View::_evaluate() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 971 View::_render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 933 View::_renderElement() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 1224 View::element() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 418 include - APP/View/Techniques/view.ctp, line 52 View::_evaluate() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 971 View::_render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 933 View::render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 473 Controller::render() - CORE/Cake/Controller/Controller.php, line 968 Dispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/Cake/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 200 Dispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/Cake/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 167 [main] - APP/webroot/index.php, line 109
Abstract:
Two I--selective heterogeneous epoxy-based membrane flow-through electrodes were placed before and after a gas diffusion unit in a flow injection system for determination of free and total CN-. The CN--containing sample was injected into a KNO3 carrier solution and free CN- was determined by the first flow-through electrode. The solution was then treated with the HCl stream in the reaction coil. The HCN evolved passed through the gas-permeable membrane in the diffusion unit and was collected in an alkaline solution, where the CN- was measured by the second flow-through electrode. Under optimum conditions, the response was rectilinear from 10 µM to 1 mM CN- and the coefficient of variation were ~2% with a sampling rate of 20 h-1. Total CN- could be determined in the presence of Zn, Cu(II) and Cd but results were low in the presence of Ni, Co(II) and Fe(III). Sulfide and SCN- were not tolerated. The reproducibility was worse than that of spectrophotometric detection but the method could be used over a wider concentration. range and was more suitable for an online control monitoring system.
Cyanide
Cyanide, complexes, metal
Gas diffusion
Interferences
Optimization
Indirect
Method comparison
"Response Time Phenomena Of Coated Open-tubular Solid-state Silver Halide-selective Electrodes And Their Influence On Sample Dispersion In Flow Injection Analysis"
Anal. Chim. Acta
1992 Volume 261, Issue 1-2 Pages 381-390
Notice (8): Undefined variable: uid [APP/View/Elements/citation.ctp, line 40]Jacobus F. van StadenCode Context?><?phpif($uid!='') {$viewFile = '/home/stuchalk/public_html/fad/app/View/Elements/citation.ctp' $dataForView = array( 'data' => array( 'Technique' => array( 'id' => '0303', 'label' => 'Electrode', 'level1' => 'Electrode', 'level2' => 'ion selective', 'level3' => 'iodide', 'level4' => '', 'level5' => '', 'synonyms' => 'Ion selective electrode,ISE', 'champ' => '', 'total' => '21', 'updated' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'name' => 'Electrode, ion selective, iodide', 'nametotal' => 'Electrode, ion selective, iodide**21', 'first' => 'E' ), 'Citation' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 1 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 2 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 3 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 4 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 5 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 6 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 7 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 8 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 9 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 10 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 11 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 12 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 13 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 14 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 15 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 16 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 17 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 18 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 19 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 20 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ) ), 'c' => array( 'id' => '005694', 'authors' => 'Van Staden, J.F.', 'authorsweb' => 'Jacobus F. van Staden', 'title' => 'Response time phenomena of coated open-tubular solid-state silver halide-selective electrodes and their influence on sample dispersion in flow injection analysis', 'journal' => 'Anal. Chim. Acta', 'journal_id' => '0584', 'fadid' => 'ANCA1992V0261P00381', 'year' => '1992', 'volume' => '261', 'issue' => '1-2', 'startpage' => '381', 'endpage' => '390', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0451;0594;1275;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0283;0290;0303;', 'keywords' => ';0302;0410;0119;', 'abstract' => 'A comparative study has been made of the response times of coated open-tubular Ag membrane electrodes selective towards Cl-, Br- or I- (cf. Ibid., 1986, 179, 407) as they affect the throughput of flow injection analysis systems. The tubular indicator electrodes were used in conjunction with an Orion 90-02 double-junction reference electrode with 10% KNO3 solution in its outer chamber. The digitized signals were smoothed by applying the DS (data sets) Cat and Smooth operations of the ASYST software; typical background-corrected graphs for the flow injection measurement of halides (10 to 5000 mg l-1) are reproduced. Examination of the leading edges of the various peaks showed that their rate of response was independent of concentration. and did not significantly decrease the sampling rate, although the response of the Br- electrode at the initial peak-formation stages near the baseline was slightly slower than that of the others. The rate of response of the trailing edges was mainly responsible for the sampling rate in an optimized flow injection system, and the I- electrode showed a memory effect, which was largely responsible for the low sampling rate of this system compared with similar systems with the other two electrodes. The contribution of the memory effect or response time phenomena of coated open-tubular solid state chloride-, bromide-, and iodide-selective electrodes on the anal. output in flow injection systems are presented for concentration. ranges between 10 and 5000 mg L-1. The rate of response for the leading edges of all three electrodes due to electrode properties are independent of concentration. and do not contribute significantly to any decrease in sampling rate, although the rate of response of the bromide-selective electrode flow injection analysis (FIA) system seems to be slightly slower than the other two electrode systems at the initial peak-formation stages near the base line. The rate of response for the tailing edges of the different electrodes due to electrode properties is mainly responsible for the sampling rate obtained in an optimized FIA-ISE system. The memory effect of the iodide-selective electrode is mainly responsible for the fact that the sampling rate of this system is very much lower than the sampling rate obtained for similar systems with the other two electrodes. For the bromide-selective electrode system, the slower rate of response due to electrode properties at the tailing edges (especially with high concentrations of bromide) than that of the chloride-selective electrode, contributes mainly to a lower sampling output for the bromide-selective electrode-FIA system when compared with the chloride electrode system.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '6', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 16:06:13', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00328', 'pauthor' => '!Van Staden, J.F.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1016/0003-2670(92)80217-U', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Response time phenomena of coated open-tubular solid-state silver halide-selective electrodes and their influence on sample dispersion in flow injection analysis', Anal. Chim. Acta, 1992 261(1-2) 381-390', 'firstchar' => 'R', 'twochars' => 'Re', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( 'id' => '002055', 'citation_id' => '005694', 'technique_id' => '0303' ), 'Analyte' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 1 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 2 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), 'Matrix' => array(), 'Keyword' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 1 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 2 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ) ), 'i' => (int) 2 ) $data = array( 'Technique' => array( 'id' => '0303', 'label' => 'Electrode', 'level1' => 'Electrode', 'level2' => 'ion selective', 'level3' => 'iodide', 'level4' => '', 'level5' => '', 'synonyms' => 'Ion selective electrode,ISE', 'champ' => '', 'total' => '21', 'updated' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'name' => 'Electrode, ion selective, iodide', 'nametotal' => 'Electrode, ion selective, iodide**21', 'first' => 'E' ), 'Citation' => array( (int) 0 => array( 'id' => '003989', 'authors' => 'Trojanowicz, M.A.;Matuszewski, W.;Hulanicki, A.', 'authorsweb' => 'Marek Trojanowicz, Wojciech Matuszewski and Adam Hulanicki', 'title' => 'Flow injection potentiometric determination of residual chlorine in water', 'journal' => 'Anal. Chim. Acta', 'journal_id' => '0584', 'fadid' => 'ANCA1982V0136P00085', 'year' => '1982', 'volume' => '136', 'issue' => '1', 'startpage' => '85', 'endpage' => '92 ', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0597;', 'matrices' => ';0372;', 'techniques' => ';0192;0303;0400;', 'keywords' => '', 'abstract' => 'Residual chlorine is measured in water by using a potentiometric system composed of an iodide-selective electrode and a platinum electrode sensing the iodine-iodide ratio. When the sample is added to acidified iodide solution, the cell response is in a logarithmic relation to the iodine concentration which in turn depends on the concentration of residual chlorine. In the flow injection system evolved, 0.1-5.0 mg L-1 residual chlorine can be determined at a rate of 40-60 samples per hour. The results of potentiometric determinations of residual chlorine in tap water compared to spectrophotometric results suggest that the presence of various organic substances is responsible for discrepancies between these measurements.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '9', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 15:43:35', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00320', 'pauthor' => '!Trojanowicz, M.A.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1016/S0003-2670(01)95366-8', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Flow injection potentiometric determination of residual chlorine in water', Anal. Chim. Acta, 1982 136(1) 85-92 ', 'firstchar' => 'F', 'twochars' => 'Fl', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Keyword' => array([maximum depth reached]) ), (int) 1 => array( 'id' => '005156', 'authors' => 'Figuerola, E.;Florido, A.;Aguilar, M.;De Pablo, J.;Alegret, S.', 'authorsweb' => 'E. Figuerola, A. Florido, M. Aguilar and J. De Pablo, S. Alegret', 'title' => 'Sequential flow injection determination of cyanide and weak metal cyanide complexes with flow-through heterogeneous membrane electrodes', 'journal' => 'Anal. Chim. Acta', 'journal_id' => '0584', 'fadid' => 'ANCA1988V0215P00283', 'year' => '1988', 'volume' => '215', 'issue' => '1-2', 'startpage' => '283', 'endpage' => '288', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0716;0717;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0127;0303;0400;', 'keywords' => ';0173;0217;0302;0212;0258;', 'abstract' => 'Two I--selective heterogeneous epoxy-based membrane flow-through electrodes were placed before and after a gas diffusion unit in a flow injection system for determination of free and total CN-. The CN--containing sample was injected into a KNO3 carrier solution and free CN- was determined by the first flow-through electrode. The solution was then treated with the HCl stream in the reaction coil. The HCN evolved passed through the gas-permeable membrane in the diffusion unit and was collected in an alkaline solution, where the CN- was measured by the second flow-through electrode. Under optimum conditions, the response was rectilinear from 10 µM to 1 mM CN- and the coefficient of variation were ~2% with a sampling rate of 20 h-1. Total CN- could be determined in the presence of Zn, Cu(II) and Cd but results were low in the presence of Ni, Co(II) and Fe(III). Sulfide and SCN- were not tolerated. The reproducibility was worse than that of spectrophotometric detection but the method could be used over a wider concentration. range and was more suitable for an online control monitoring system.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '2', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 15:55:59', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'NA', 'address' => '?', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1016/S0003-2670(00)85287-3', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Sequential flow injection determination of cyanide and weak metal cyanide complexes with flow-through heterogeneous membrane electrodes', Anal. Chim. Acta, 1988 215(1-2) 283-288', 'firstchar' => 'S', 'twochars' => 'Se', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 2 => array( 'id' => '005694', 'authors' => 'Van Staden, J.F.', 'authorsweb' => 'Jacobus F. van Staden', 'title' => 'Response time phenomena of coated open-tubular solid-state silver halide-selective electrodes and their influence on sample dispersion in flow injection analysis', 'journal' => 'Anal. Chim. Acta', 'journal_id' => '0584', 'fadid' => 'ANCA1992V0261P00381', 'year' => '1992', 'volume' => '261', 'issue' => '1-2', 'startpage' => '381', 'endpage' => '390', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0451;0594;1275;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0283;0290;0303;', 'keywords' => ';0302;0410;0119;', 'abstract' => 'A comparative study has been made of the response times of coated open-tubular Ag membrane electrodes selective towards Cl-, Br- or I- (cf. Ibid., 1986, 179, 407) as they affect the throughput of flow injection analysis systems. The tubular indicator electrodes were used in conjunction with an Orion 90-02 double-junction reference electrode with 10% KNO3 solution in its outer chamber. The digitized signals were smoothed by applying the DS (data sets) Cat and Smooth operations of the ASYST software; typical background-corrected graphs for the flow injection measurement of halides (10 to 5000 mg l-1) are reproduced. Examination of the leading edges of the various peaks showed that their rate of response was independent of concentration. and did not significantly decrease the sampling rate, although the response of the Br- electrode at the initial peak-formation stages near the baseline was slightly slower than that of the others. The rate of response of the trailing edges was mainly responsible for the sampling rate in an optimized flow injection system, and the I- electrode showed a memory effect, which was largely responsible for the low sampling rate of this system compared with similar systems with the other two electrodes. The contribution of the memory effect or response time phenomena of coated open-tubular solid state chloride-, bromide-, and iodide-selective electrodes on the anal. output in flow injection systems are presented for concentration. ranges between 10 and 5000 mg L-1. The rate of response for the leading edges of all three electrodes due to electrode properties are independent of concentration. and do not contribute significantly to any decrease in sampling rate, although the rate of response of the bromide-selective electrode flow injection analysis (FIA) system seems to be slightly slower than the other two electrode systems at the initial peak-formation stages near the base line. The rate of response for the tailing edges of the different electrodes due to electrode properties is mainly responsible for the sampling rate obtained in an optimized FIA-ISE system. The memory effect of the iodide-selective electrode is mainly responsible for the fact that the sampling rate of this system is very much lower than the sampling rate obtained for similar systems with the other two electrodes. For the bromide-selective electrode system, the slower rate of response due to electrode properties at the tailing edges (especially with high concentrations of bromide) than that of the chloride-selective electrode, contributes mainly to a lower sampling output for the bromide-selective electrode-FIA system when compared with the chloride electrode system.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '6', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 16:06:13', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00328', 'pauthor' => '!Van Staden, J.F.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1016/0003-2670(92)80217-U', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Response time phenomena of coated open-tubular solid-state silver halide-selective electrodes and their influence on sample dispersion in flow injection analysis', Anal. Chim. Acta, 1992 261(1-2) 381-390', 'firstchar' => 'R', 'twochars' => 'Re', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 3 => array( 'id' => '006910', 'authors' => 'Alegret, S.;Florido, A.;Lima, J.L.F.C.;Machado, A.A.S.C.', 'authorsweb' => 'S. Alegret*, A. Florido, J. L. F. C. Lima and A. A. S. C. Machado ', 'title' => 'Flow-through tubular iodide- and bromide-selective electrodes based on epoxy-resin heterogeneous membranes', 'journal' => 'Talanta', 'journal_id' => '0569', 'fadid' => 'TALT1989V0036P00825', 'year' => '1989', 'volume' => '36', 'issue' => '8', 'startpage' => '825', 'endpage' => '829', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1275;0451;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0283;0303;', 'keywords' => ';0217;0253;0385;0213;', 'abstract' => 'The electrodes were made from 4-mm lengths of Perspex tubing (1 cm o.d., 8 mm i.d.), which were filled with Ag-containing conductive epoxy-resin to which a shielded cable was then attached. A hole (1.75 mm diameter) was drilled through the centre, which was then packed with powdered AgX - Ag2S mixture (X = I or Br) dispersed in non-conductive epoxy-resin. A central channel (0.75 mm diameter) was then drilled leaving a membrane of 0.5-mm thickness. The response characteristics were evaluated in a low-dispersion flow injection system, and both showed a Nernstian response between 50 µM and 0.1 M with good reproducibility and a rapid response that permitted a sampling rate of 60 h-1. Operational pH ranges for I- and Br- were 2.5 to 11 and 3 to 10, respectively. Interference by several ions is reported; I- must be absent in determinations with the Br- electrode.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '11', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 14:55:17', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00788', 'pauthor' => '!Alegret, S.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1016/0039-9140(89)80162-6', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Flow-through tubular iodide- and bromide-selective electrodes based on epoxy-resin heterogeneous membranes', Talanta, 1989 36(8) 825-829', 'firstchar' => 'F', 'twochars' => 'Fl', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 4 => array( 'id' => '006998', 'authors' => 'Najib, F.M.;Othman, S.', 'authorsweb' => 'Fadhil M. Najib* and Shireen Othman, ', 'title' => 'Simultaneous determination of chloride, bromide, iodide and fluoride with flow injection - ion-selective electrode systems', 'journal' => 'Talanta', 'journal_id' => '0569', 'fadid' => 'TALT1992V0039P01259', 'year' => '1992', 'volume' => '39', 'issue' => '10', 'startpage' => '1259', 'endpage' => '1267', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0594;0451;1275;0982;', 'matrices' => ';0372;', 'techniques' => ';0283;0290;0298;0303;', 'keywords' => ';0258;0320;0217;', 'abstract' => 'Electrodes for Cl-, Br- and I- were constructed (preparation described) from Ag2 - AgCl or AgBr (1:1) and Ag2S - AgI (1:3); for F- a commercial electrode was used. By combining the electrodes and suppressor columns of AgCl and amalgamated Pb, the ions were simultaneously determined in a carrier stream (0.5 mL min-1) of e.g. 0.1 M HClO4 at pH 4.0. The calibration graphs were rectilinear down to 100, 5, 1 and 5 µM for Cl-, Br-, I- and F-, respectively. The reproducibility was 1% for the determination of the halides in eight water samples, the results agreed well with those obtained by three reference methods. Flow-through ion-selective electrodes were constructed from compressed pellets (8-10 mm thick, 13 mm diameter, 10 tons/cm2 pressure) of Ag2S/AgX (X = Cl-, Br- or I-) drilled longitudinally (1.5 mm diameter hole) to be suitable for use in flow injection analysis. A column of AgCl (5.5 cm long, 2-3 mm internal diameter) was included in the Cl- electrode manifold to remove interferences from 10^-4 M Br- and 3 x 10^-5 M I- and S2-. A column of amalgamated lead (2-3 cm long, 2-3 mm internal diameter) was used in the Br--electrode manifold to remove interference from 2 x 10^-5 M I-, 3 x 10^-5 M S2- and 7 x 10^-4 M Cl-. These columns and the addition of ascorbic acid were not required when I- was determined with the iodide electrode. The carrier stream was 0.1 M sodium perchlorate (pH 4) at a flow-rate of 0.5 mL/min. The sample pH could be 4-7. Simultaneous determination of Cl- and I-, Cl-, I- and Br-, and Cl-, I-, Br- and F- ions was possible with combinations of the corresponding electrodes and columns in series and/or parallel in specially designed manifolds. Calibration plots were linear, with almost theoretical slopes, down to 10^-6 M I-, 5 x 10^-6 M Br-, 10^-4 M Cl- and 5 x 10^-6 M F-, with precision better than 1%. Sampling rates for single-ion determinations were 72, 102, 90 and 80 per h for the one-, two-, three- and four-electrode systems respectively. Determinations of these ions in water samples by the recommended procedure and by established batch methods showed no significant difference at the 95% confidence limits in a paired comparison t-test.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '28', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 14:59:47', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'Najib, F.M.', 'address' => 'Department of Chemistry, University of Salahaddin, Arbil, Iraq', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1016/0039-9140(92)80234-5', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Simultaneous determination of chloride, bromide, iodide and fluoride with flow injection - ion-selective electrode systems', Talanta, 1992 39(10) 1259-1267', 'firstchar' => 'S', 'twochars' => 'Si', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 5 => array( 'id' => '007457', 'authors' => 'Christopoulos, T.K.;Diamandis, E.P.', 'authorsweb' => 'Theodore K. Christopoulos and Eleftherios P. Diamandis', 'title' => 'Flow-through units for solid-state, liquid and PVC matrix membrane ion-selective electrodes to minimize streaming potentials', 'journal' => 'Analyst', 'journal_id' => '0864', 'fadid' => 'ANAL1987V0112P01293', 'year' => '1987', 'volume' => '112', 'issue' => '9', 'startpage' => '1293', 'endpage' => '1298', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1275;1757;1978;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0303;0315;0156;', 'keywords' => ';0258;0397;', 'abstract' => 'Three flow-through units were constructed (diagrams given) and evaluated for electrode membranes sensitive to iodide (solid), perchlorate (liquid) and propantheline (PVC matrix), respectively. Streaming potential oscillations were reduced to 0.2 mV by siting the sensing membrane as near as possible to the external reference electrolyte - sample solution contact zone. Air-segmented streams were used to study the effect of flow rates of 1.74, 3.64 and 6.7 mL min-1. Sampling rates of up to 60, 120 and 240 h-1, respectively, were achieved.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '0', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 00:02:43', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => '!Diamondis, E.P.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1039/an9871201293', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Flow-through units for solid-state, liquid and PVC matrix membrane ion-selective electrodes to minimize streaming potentials', Analyst, 1987 112(9) 1293-1298', 'firstchar' => 'F', 'twochars' => 'Fl', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 6 => array( 'id' => '007658', 'authors' => 'Davey, D.E.;Mulcahy, D.E.;O'Connell, G.R.', 'authorsweb' => 'David E. Davey, Dennis E. Mulcahy and Gregory R. O'Connell', 'title' => 'Effect of flow injection parameters on the selectivity of an iodide-selective electrode', 'journal' => 'Analyst', 'journal_id' => '0864', 'fadid' => 'ANAL1992V0117P00761', 'year' => '1992', 'volume' => '117', 'issue' => '4', 'startpage' => '761', 'endpage' => '765', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1275;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0303;', 'keywords' => ';0398;0217;0302;', 'abstract' => 'The effects of sample loop volume, flow rate, carrier I- concentration, interferents, solution pH and temperature were studied, with selectivity coefficient being measured for Br-, SCN- and thiosulfate. Samples of 100 µL should be mixed with a 1 µM-KI carrier and a 0.1 M KNO3 reagent stream flowing at a combined rate of 6 to 7 mL min-1 in either neutral or acid solution at 20°C. A study has been carried out on the influence of several experimental parameters on the selectivity of a homogeneous membrane iodide-selective electrode operating under flow injection conditions. Selectivity coefficients were measured for bromide, thiocyanate and thiosulfate by use of a mixed-solution technique, with the effects of sample loop volume, flow rate, carrier iodide concentration, interferent activity, solution pH and temperature being investigated in turn. When the flow system was optimized, it proved possible to double the selectivity of the electrode towards iodide. Facets of the observed behavior were found to correlate well with existing theories on the time-dependent response of solid-state ion-selective electrodes. Peak profiles were also examined, with particular attention being given to the potential excursions or 'overshoots' recorded when mixed solutions of low iodide activity were injected into the flow stream.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '2', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 08:32:42', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'NA', 'address' => 'Sch. Chem. Technol., Univ. South Australia, The Levels, 5095, Australia', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1039/an9921700761', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Effect of flow injection parameters on the selectivity of an iodide-selective electrode', Analyst, 1992 117(4) 761-765', 'firstchar' => 'E', 'twochars' => 'Ef', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 7 => array( 'id' => '008266', 'authors' => 'Alexander, P.W.;Seegopaul, P.', 'authorsweb' => 'Peter W. Alexander and Purneshwar Seegopaul', 'title' => 'Rapid-flow continuous analysis with ion-selective electrodes', 'journal' => 'Anal. Chem.', 'journal_id' => '0499', 'fadid' => 'ANCH1980V0052P02403', 'year' => '1980', 'volume' => '52', 'issue' => '14', 'startpage' => '2403', 'endpage' => '2406', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1275;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0303;', 'keywords' => '', 'abstract' => 'A study of rapid sampling in a continuous-flow system is reported with an iodide solid-state electrode as a continuous sensor. The system is operated by consecutive manual aspiration of sample and wash solutions into a flow manifold with air segmentation to reduce carry-over. The design features and flow rates used in the operation of the system are described, and it is found that sampling rates up to 360/h are permissible with flow rates as low as 9.2 mL min-1. The concept of combining rapid flow with air segmentation is shown to give an Improved method for achieving rapid sampling with electrode detection in a continuous-flow system with advantages over the more complex bubble-gating and flow-injection techniques currently in use.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2014-11-12 21:24:23', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '8', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 18:32:10', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00008', 'pauthor' => '!Alexander, P.W.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => 'Not DOI assigned. Use issue url', 'url' => '10.1021/ac50064a038', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Rapid-flow continuous analysis with ion-selective electrodes', Anal. Chem., 1980 52(14) 2403-2406', 'firstchar' => 'R', 'twochars' => 'Ra', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array([maximum depth reached]) ), (int) 8 => array( 'id' => '008892', 'authors' => 'Van Staden, J.F.', 'authorsweb' => 'Jacobus F. van Staden', 'title' => 'Incorporation of a coated tubular solid-state iodide selective electrode into the conduits of a flow injection system', 'journal' => 'Fresenius J. Anal. Chem.', 'journal_id' => '0944', 'fadid' => 'FJAC1986V0325P00247', 'year' => '1986', 'volume' => '325', 'issue' => '3', 'startpage' => '247', 'endpage' => '251', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1275;', 'matrices' => ';0473;', 'techniques' => ';0303;0400;', 'keywords' => ';0043;0090;0302;0354;0223;0054;', 'abstract' => 'A tubular flow-through electrode (5 mm long, 2 mm i.d.) prepared by depositing AgI on silver foil and connected to an Orion Research microprocessor Ionalyzer with an Orion double-junction reference electrode was incorporated in a flow injection system (diagram given) capable of 90 samples h-1. Samples and ionic-strength-adjustment buffer were fed by a peristaltic pump with a pulse suppression system. Optimum sensitivity and response were obtained with 0.1 M KNO3 - 0.02 M acetic acid buffer. Response of carefully conditioned electrodes was rectilinear from 5 to 5000 mg L-1 of I-; they were stable and needed little maintenance. Analyses of iodized table salt agreed reasonably with quoted I- concentration, with a coefficient of variation of <1.8% (n = 15). The practical range was 5 to 2000 mg l-1.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '15', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 00:20:33', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00328', 'pauthor' => '!Van Staden, J.F.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1007/BF00498166', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Incorporation of a coated tubular solid-state iodide selective electrode into the conduits of a flow injection system', Fresenius J. Anal. Chem., 1986 325(3) 247-251', 'firstchar' => 'I', 'twochars' => 'In', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 9 => array( 'id' => '008904', 'authors' => 'Trojanowicz, M.A.;Frenzel, W.', 'authorsweb' => 'Marek Trojanowicz and Wolfgang Frenzel', 'title' => 'Flow injection potentiometry for low level measurements in the presence of sensed ion in the carrier', 'journal' => 'Fresenius J. Anal. Chem.', 'journal_id' => '0944', 'fadid' => 'FJAC1987V0328P00653', 'year' => '1987', 'volume' => '328', 'issue' => '8', 'startpage' => '653', 'endpage' => '656', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0982;1275;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0298;0303;0400;', 'keywords' => ';0464;', 'abstract' => 'A theoretical treatment based on the Nikolski equation is presented for the response of ion-sensitive electrodes in flow injection analysis, and the predictions are compared with experimental results obtained with a F--selective electrode and 0.2 M NaCl - 0.2 M acetate buffer (pH 5.2) containing F- (100 µg l-1) as carrier and with an I--selective electrode and a carrier of 0.2 M KNO3 containing ascorbic acid (1 g l-1) and I- (100 µg l-1). Measurements were made in a single-line manifold with a variable length of tubing (0.8 mm i.d.) and an injected volume of 100 µL. Significant deviations due to slow response were observed, but it is possible to linearize the calibration graph for low-dispersion systems and the electrodes can be used, with limited sensitivity, in the µg L-1 concentration. range.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '21', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 00:20:53', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00320', 'pauthor' => '!Trojanowicz, M.A.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1007/BF00488664', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Flow injection potentiometry for low level measurements in the presence of sensed ion in the carrier', Fresenius J. Anal. Chem., 1987 328(8) 653-656', 'firstchar' => 'F', 'twochars' => 'Fl', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 10 => array( 'id' => '008907', 'authors' => 'Ilcheva, L.;Trojanowicz, M.A.;Krawczynski Vel Krawczyk, T.', 'authorsweb' => 'Liliana Ilcheva, Marek Trojanowicz and Tadeusz Krawczynski vel Krawczyk', 'title' => 'Effect of addition of main ion to carrier solution in potentiometric flow injection measurements with solid state ion-selective electrodes', 'journal' => 'Fresenius J. Anal. Chem.', 'journal_id' => '0944', 'fadid' => 'FJAC1987V0328P00027', 'year' => '1987', 'volume' => '328', 'issue' => '1-2', 'startpage' => '27', 'endpage' => '32', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0982;0594;1275;0684;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0238;0290;0295;0298;0303;0400;', 'keywords' => ';0401;0464;', 'abstract' => 'Flow injection measurements were made by using a flow-through cup (described and illustrated) and Cl--, F--, I-- and Cu(II)-selective electrodes. The addition of the main ion to the carrier solution to create a constant background level of main ion produces a significant improvement in response for the F-- and I--selective electrodes. However, a very slow return of the potential value to the baseline is observed for I- measurements; this is attributable to the slow desorption of I- from the electrode surface. The super-Nernstian slope observed for the F-- and Cu(II)-selective electrodes in the absence of F- or Cu(II) in the carrier solution decreased to Nernstian values in the presence of the ions in the carrier solution', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '27', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 00:20:46', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00320', 'pauthor' => '!Trojanowicz, M.A.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1007/BF00560942', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Effect of addition of main ion to carrier solution in potentiometric flow injection measurements with solid state ion-selective electrodes', Fresenius J. Anal. Chem., 1987 328(1-2) 27-32', 'firstchar' => 'E', 'twochars' => 'Ef', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 11 => array( 'id' => '009866', 'authors' => 'Davey, D.E.;Mulcahy, D.E.;O'Connell, G.R.', 'authorsweb' => 'David E. Davey, Dennis E. Mulcahy, Gregory R. O'Connell', 'title' => 'Comparison of detector cell configurations in flow injection potentiometry', 'journal' => 'Electroanalysis', 'journal_id' => '1003', 'fadid' => 'ELAN1993V0005P00581', 'year' => '1993', 'volume' => '5', 'issue' => '7', 'startpage' => '581', 'endpage' => '588', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1275;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0400;0303;', 'keywords' => ';0258;', 'abstract' => 'A solid-state iodide-selective electrode was used to compare the performances of flow-through, edge-jet and wall-jet detector cell configurations in FIA. Cell volume of 4-210 µL were studied with flow streams of 1.7 or 3.2 ml/min and injections of 0.1 M KI were made into a flow stream of 10 µM-KI or of 0.1 M KNO3. Similarly good results were obtained for each configuration in the cell volume range 4-63 µL at 1.7 ml/min or 4-120 µL at 3.2 ml/min, but best results were given generally under thin-layer flow conditions which occurred in the cell volume range 4-33 µL. The range of cell volume that could yield steady data decreased in the order edge-jet, wall-jet, flow-through configuration.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '7', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 14:09:26', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00106', 'pauthor' => '!Davey, D.E.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1002/elan.1140050709', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'no', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Comparison of detector cell configurations in flow injection potentiometry', Electroanalysis, 1993 5(7) 581-588', 'firstchar' => 'C', 'twochars' => 'Co', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 12 => array( 'id' => '009877', 'authors' => 'Daunert, S.;Florido, A.;Bricker, J.;Dunaway, W.;Bachas, L.G.;Valiente, M.', 'authorsweb' => 'Sylvia Daunert, Antonio Florido, Jordi Bricker, Wes Dunaway, Leonidas G. Bachas, Manuel Valiente', 'title' => 'Iodide-selective electrodes based on a mercury - tri-isobutylphosphine sulfide complex', 'journal' => 'Electroanalysis', 'journal_id' => '1003', 'fadid' => 'ELAN1993V0005P00839', 'year' => '1993', 'volume' => '5', 'issue' => '9-10', 'startpage' => '839', 'endpage' => '843', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';2324;1275;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0303;0400;', 'keywords' => '', 'abstract' => 'Tri-isobutylphosphine sulfide - Hg complex-based ISE were prepared (described) and were used in conjunction with an Orion 90-02-00 double-junction reference electrode. Batchwise potentiometric measurements were made in 0.1 M 2-morpholinoethanesulfonic acid (I)/NaOH buffers of pH 5.5, 6 or 6.5 or 0.1 M NaH2PO4/NaOH buffers of pH 6 or 6.5. Various Hg complex/PVC/plasticizer/DMF/THF mixtures were also used to prepare a membrane within a flow-through tubular electrode made from Epo-Tek 410 Ag-based conductive epoxy. This membrane electrode was used for detection in FIA. ISE containing 4% of ionophore showed near-Nernstian response to thiocyanate in all three I buffers and the detection limit was 2-4 µM, slightly better than in the phosphate buffers (detection limit of 5 µM-thiocyanate). Response times averaged 1 min for thiocyanate and 12 min for iodide. In FIA, the best signals were obtained with 100 µL sample injections and a carrier flow rate of 3.3 ml/min; with a membrane containing 4% of ionophore, the peak heights were reproducible to within ±1 mV for three injections at a given concentration.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '7', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 14:09:32', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00857', 'pauthor' => '!Bachas, L.G.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1002/elan.1140050919', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'no', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Iodide-selective electrodes based on a mercury - tri-isobutylphosphine sulfide complex', Electroanalysis, 1993 5(9-10) 839-843', 'firstchar' => 'I', 'twochars' => 'Io', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array([maximum depth reached]) ), (int) 13 => array( 'id' => '009899', 'authors' => 'Davey, D.E.;Mulcahy, D.E.;O'Connell, G.R.;Smart, R.S.', 'authorsweb' => 'David E. Davey, Dennis E. Mulcahy, Gregory R. O'Connell, Roger StC. Smart', 'title' => 'A flow injection/XPS investigation of the effect of redox equilibria on the selectivity of an iodide-selective electrode', 'journal' => 'Electroanalysis', 'journal_id' => '1003', 'fadid' => 'ELAN1995V0007P00461', 'year' => '1995', 'volume' => '7', 'issue' => '5', 'startpage' => '461', 'endpage' => '470', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1275;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0303;0400;', 'keywords' => ';0217;0377;0398;', 'abstract' => 'Bromide, thiocyanate and thiosulfate were studied as three moderately-interfering species. The flow injection (FI) manifold was as described earlier (Pure Appl. Chem, 1976, 48, 129). Potentiometric measurements were made with an Orion Research Model 710A digital pH/mV meter and the Orion 94-06A iodide ISE was used for most of the FI work. Neutral and acidified iodate and bromate oxidant streams increased the selectivity of the iodide electrode towards the interferents. Use of ascorbic acid or metabisulfite reducing streams resulted in a greater degree of selectivity towards iodide than was obtained with either of the neutral oxidant streams but a lower degree of selectivity than was obtained when a simple nitrate reagent stream was present. Thiosulfate damaged the surface of the electrode irreparably, with a concomitant excessive peak broadening in the FI experiment and very poor baseline recovery.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '8', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 14:10:24', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '01201', 'pauthor' => '!O'Connell, G.R.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1002/elan.1140070510', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'no', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''A flow injection/XPS investigation of the effect of redox equilibria on the selectivity of an iodide-selective electrode', Electroanalysis, 1995 7(5) 461-470', 'firstchar' => 'A', 'twochars' => 'A ', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 14 => array( 'id' => '009912', 'authors' => 'Davey, D.E.;Mulcahy, D.E.;O'Connell, G.R.', 'authorsweb' => 'David E. Davey, Dennis E. Mulcahy, Gregory R. O'Connell*', 'title' => 'Effect of membrane composition on the flow injection response of an ion-selective electrode: a comparative study based an selectivity coefficients calculated using a data linearization technique', 'journal' => 'Electroanalysis', 'journal_id' => '1003', 'fadid' => 'ELAN1996V0008P00274', 'year' => '1996', 'volume' => '8', 'issue' => '3', 'startpage' => '274', 'endpage' => '279', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1275;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0303;0284;0330;0400;', 'keywords' => ';0217;', 'abstract' => 'Portions of 100 µL of iodide solutions containing 100 mM bromide, thiocyanate and thiosulfate as interferents were injected into carrier and reagent streams (total flow 6.6 ml/min) of 1 µM-KI and 100 mM KNO3, and iodide detected using a variety of purpose made AgI/Ag2S (details given) and commercially available iodide, sulfide and cadmium ISE. Calibration graphs of the respective ISE responses are presented. Most sensors showed good analytical performance, excepting that prepared from a 3:1 AgI/Ag2S membrane.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '8', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 14:10:51', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '01201', 'pauthor' => '!O'Connell, G.R.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1002/elan.1140080313', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Effect of membrane composition on the flow injection response of an ion-selective electrode: a comparative study based an selectivity coefficients calculated using a data linearization technique', Electroanalysis, 1996 8(3) 274-279', 'firstchar' => 'E', 'twochars' => 'Ef', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 15 => array( 'id' => '009940', 'authors' => 'Di Benedetto, L.T.;Dimitrakopoulos, T.', 'authorsweb' => 'Lucy Tina Di Benedetto, Telis Dimitrakopoulos*', 'title' => 'Evaluation of a new wall-jet flow-through cell for commercial ion-selective electrodes in flow injection potentiometry', 'journal' => 'Electroanalysis', 'journal_id' => '1003', 'fadid' => 'ELAN1997V0009P00179', 'year' => '1997', 'volume' => '9', 'issue' => '2', 'startpage' => '179', 'endpage' => '182', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0205;0487;1275;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0400;0285;0303;', 'keywords' => ';0167;0043;', 'abstract' => 'The cited poly(methyl methacrylate) cell (28 x 25 x 35 mm) which can accommodate commercial gas-sensing, liquid polymer membrane and solid-state-based ISE is described (diagram given). The cell contains a 1 mm i.d. Ag/AgCl wire reference electrode and the dead volume of the ISE compartment is 18 µL. Two separate inlets and flow channels are used to carry the sample and reference solutions to the ISE and reference electrode, respectively, after which the streams are merged and carried to waste. The analysis rate was up to 240 samples/h and injection volumes >=50 µL are recommended. An Orion 95-12 ammonia ISE was used in the cell with a sample injection volume of 100 µL and 1 M KOH/1 µM-NH4Cl and 1 M KCl as carrier and reference solutions, respectively, e.g., at total flow rate of 1.8 ml/min. Calibration graphs of potential vs. log. NH3 concentration were linear for 0.1-10 mM NH3 and peak height RSD were 0.4-3.5%. The flow cell was also used to determine Ca and iodide using appropriate ISE.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '9', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 14:11:38', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00943', 'pauthor' => '!Dimitrakopoulos, T.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1002/elan.1140090219', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Evaluation of a new wall-jet flow-through cell for commercial ion-selective electrodes in flow injection potentiometry', Electroanalysis, 1997 9(2) 179-182', 'firstchar' => 'E', 'twochars' => 'Ev', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 16 => array( 'id' => '011126', 'authors' => 'Ilcheva, L.K.;Cammann, K.;Georgieva, T.', 'authorsweb' => 'NA', 'title' => 'Iodide selective electrode in flow injection system', 'journal' => 'Analusis', 'journal_id' => '0562', 'fadid' => 'ANLU1988V0016P00101', 'year' => '1988', 'volume' => '16', 'issue' => '9-10', 'startpage' => '101', 'endpage' => '104', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1275;', 'matrices' => ';0671;', 'techniques' => ';0303;', 'keywords' => ';0128;0217;', 'abstract' => 'Baseline drift that occurred during use of the I--selective electrode [Seibold 57-17 (Radelkis)] in presence of a high Cl- concentration. could be avoided by use of a flow injection system with the addition of ascorbic acid to the carrier stream. Thus, 50 ppm of I- in high-purity NaCl could be determined by flow injection analysis in a carrier stream (1.7 mL min-1) of 0.1 M NaNO3 containing 0.1 mg L-1 of ascorbic acid with use of the cited electrode. No interference from Cl- memory effects could be detected.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:11:09', 'sjccheck' => 'No', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '0', 'urlcheck' => '2006-05-20 18:43:48', 'urlcheckcode' => '', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'NA', 'address' => 'Higher Chem. Technol. Inst., Dept. Anal. Chem., 1156 Sofia Bulgaria', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => 'NA SJC 102114', 'url' => 'NA', 'urltype' => 'NA', 'gotpdf' => 'no', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Iodide selective electrode in flow injection system', Analusis, 1988 16(9-10) 101-104', 'firstchar' => 'I', 'twochars' => 'Io', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 17 => array( 'id' => '011372', 'authors' => 'Volesky, B.;Emond, C.', 'authorsweb' => 'B. Volesky, C. Emond', 'title' => 'Continuous-flow monitoring of lactose concentration', 'journal' => 'Biotechnol. Bioeng.', 'journal_id' => '0782', 'fadid' => 'BTBE1979V0021P01251', 'year' => '1979', 'volume' => '21', 'issue' => '7', 'startpage' => '1251', 'endpage' => '1276', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1349;', 'matrices' => 'NA', 'techniques' => ';0303;', 'keywords' => ';0258;0217;', 'abstract' => 'A specific continuous-flow analytical system for determination of lactose concentration in a liquid mixture of constituent sugars was developed and tested based on a series of enzymatic reactions. Lactose and glucose oxidase immobilized on a phenol-formaldehyde resin were employed. More detailed study was carried out based on a reaction by-product quantitatively detected by an available iodide electrode. A multichannel proportioning pump fed two independently operated analytical streams eliminating thus the background glucose interference. With a goal of lactose concentration control in a fermentation process, the system response time delay was shortened to approximately 15 min. Apart from optimization of the analytical system operating parameters, the study indicates also the major application problem areas: lactase inhibition by galactose, galactose oxidation by glucose oxidase, and a partial loss of glucose oxidase activity in a prolonged continuous-flow operation. A manual Colorimetric Procedure was employed to verify the results of the potentiometric method.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '2006-08-24 01:57:33', 'hits' => '7', 'urlcheck' => '2014-11-25 23:02:47', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found (Array)', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'NA', 'address' => 'Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada H3A 2A7', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1002/bit.260210713', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'no', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Continuous-flow monitoring of lactose concentration', Biotechnol. Bioeng., 1979 21(7) 1251-1276', 'firstchar' => 'C', 'twochars' => 'Co', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 18 => array( 'id' => '012627', 'authors' => 'Seifert, K.;Dominok, B.;Dominok, G.W.', 'authorsweb' => 'K Seifert, B Dominok, GW Dominok', 'title' => 'Improved methods for determination of fluoride in biological materials', 'journal' => 'Fluoride', 'journal_id' => '1177', 'fadid' => 'FLUR1986V0019P00022', 'year' => '1986', 'volume' => '19', 'issue' => '1', 'startpage' => '22', 'endpage' => '25', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0982;', 'matrices' => ';0262;0160;', 'techniques' => ';0298;0303;0416;', 'keywords' => ';0454;0468;', 'abstract' => 'Fluoride is separated from cartilage or aortic tissues without ashing by an adaptation of the method of Yoshida et al. (Anal. Abstr., 1979, 37, 6B109). The reaction takes place in a closed apparatus comprising a 100 mL flask in series with two gas bubblers, each containing 25 mL of 0.1 M NaOH. The sample, 50 mL of water and two drops of hexamethyldisiloxane are placed in the flask, and 40 mL of concentrated H2SO4 is added to the sample through a dropping funnel. The trimethylsilanol(I) produced reacts with the F- to form fluorotrimethylsilane(II), which is swept by N (50 mL min-1) to the bubblers. II is converted by the alkali back into I, which is extracted into toluene before measurement of the F- so liberated in 0.45 M HClO4 medium with an I--selective electrode. Urine is analyzed directly for F- in 0.5 M HClO4 medium containing 0.001% of Triton X-100 by using two F--selective electrodes in a flow injection system. The latter method was applied to urine of persons drinking fluoridated water or occupationally exposed to F. The former method was applied to tissues from adults and infants, and the results are reported.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '2006-08-06 10:50:14', 'hits' => '7', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-13 12:09:40', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 200 OK', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'Dominok, G.W.', 'address' => 'Institute of Hygiene and Pathology, Cottbus, GDR', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => null, 'url' => 'www.fluorideresearch.org/191/files/FJ1986_v19_n1_p001-050.pdf', 'urltype' => 'pdfurl', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Improved methods for determination of fluoride in biological materials', Fluoride, 1986 19(1) 22-25', 'firstchar' => 'I', 'twochars' => 'Im', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 19 => array( 'id' => '013023', 'authors' => 'Gur'ev, I.A.;Kuleshova, N.V.', 'authorsweb' => 'I. A. Gur'ev and N. V. Kuleshova', 'title' => 'Sorption preconcentration and flow injection determination of cadmium', 'journal' => 'J. Anal. Chem.', 'journal_id' => '0798', 'fadid' => 'JACU1998V0053P00796', 'year' => '1998', 'volume' => '53', 'issue' => '9', 'startpage' => '796', 'endpage' => '799', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0478;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0290;0303;0400;', 'keywords' => ';0212;0089;0398;', 'abstract' => 'A procedure for the flow injection determination of Cd traces in aqueous solutions was developed. The procedure is based on the use of ion-selective electrodes sensitive to chloride or iodide complexes of Cd. Sorption pre-concentration simultaneously transforms Cd to anal. active species, it decreases the limit of detection, and improves the selectivity of determination.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:11:09', 'sjccheck' => 'No', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '15', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-23 18:49:51', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Object moved', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'NA', 'address' => 'Chemistry Department, Nizhni-Novgorod State University, prosp. Gagarina 23, 603600, Nizhni Novgorod, Russia', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => 'Not available on springer', 'url' => 'elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=13280948', 'urltype' => 'absurl', 'gotpdf' => 'no', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Sorption preconcentration and flow injection determination of cadmium', J. Anal. Chem., 1998 53(9) 796-799', 'firstchar' => 'S', 'twochars' => 'So', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 20 => array( 'id' => '014690', 'authors' => 'Muller, H.;Wallaschek, G.', 'authorsweb' => 'Helmut Müller, Günter Wallaschek', 'title' => 'Determination of water in organic solvents by using the Karl Fischer method with flow injection analysis', 'journal' => 'Z. Chem.', 'journal_id' => '0557', 'fadid' => 'ZSCH1984V0024P00075', 'year' => '1984', 'volume' => '24', 'issue' => '2', 'startpage' => '75', 'endpage' => '76', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';2508;', 'matrices' => ';0806;0630;', 'techniques' => ';0303;0337;0400;', 'keywords' => '', 'abstract' => 'Liquid paraffin is pumped into the reservoir to force the Karl Fischer reagent in two parallel streams into phase-separation vessels; in this way the reagent does not make contact with the pump tubing. The lower (reagent) phase from the separation vessels flows to the detection system; one stream passes the sample-introduction system and traverses a delay coil. A µflow-through I--selective electrode (Ag2S type) is used for potentiometric measurement, and the differential response is recorded. Calibration standards are included in each series of analyzes to compensate for changes in electrode response as its surface acquires an iodine-containing coating. From 0.01 to 5% (w/w) of water can be determined with a coefficient of variation of 3%, and 50 to 60 samples (e.g., 30 µL) can be analyzed in 1 h; only 0.9 mL of reagent is needed per determination.', 'language' => 'German', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'No', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '0', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 22:07:35', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'NA', 'address' => 'Technische Hochschule 'Carl Schorlemmer', Leuna-Merseburg, Sektion Chemie, 4200 Merseburg, Otto-Nuschke-Str, E.-Germany', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1002/zfch.19840240221', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Determination of water in organic solvents by using the Karl Fischer method with flow injection analysis', Z. Chem., 1984 24(2) 75-76', 'firstchar' => 'D', 'twochars' => 'De', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Keyword' => array([maximum depth reached]) ) ) ) $c = array( 'id' => '005694', 'authors' => 'Van Staden, J.F.', 'authorsweb' => 'Jacobus F. van Staden', 'title' => 'Response time phenomena of coated open-tubular solid-state silver halide-selective electrodes and their influence on sample dispersion in flow injection analysis', 'journal' => 'Anal. Chim. Acta', 'journal_id' => '0584', 'fadid' => 'ANCA1992V0261P00381', 'year' => '1992', 'volume' => '261', 'issue' => '1-2', 'startpage' => '381', 'endpage' => '390', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0451;0594;1275;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0283;0290;0303;', 'keywords' => ';0302;0410;0119;', 'abstract' => 'A comparative study has been made of the response times of coated open-tubular Ag membrane electrodes selective towards Cl-, Br- or I- (cf. Ibid., 1986, 179, 407) as they affect the throughput of flow injection analysis systems. The tubular indicator electrodes were used in conjunction with an Orion 90-02 double-junction reference electrode with 10% KNO3 solution in its outer chamber. The digitized signals were smoothed by applying the DS (data sets) Cat and Smooth operations of the ASYST software; typical background-corrected graphs for the flow injection measurement of halides (10 to 5000 mg l-1) are reproduced. Examination of the leading edges of the various peaks showed that their rate of response was independent of concentration. and did not significantly decrease the sampling rate, although the response of the Br- electrode at the initial peak-formation stages near the baseline was slightly slower than that of the others. The rate of response of the trailing edges was mainly responsible for the sampling rate in an optimized flow injection system, and the I- electrode showed a memory effect, which was largely responsible for the low sampling rate of this system compared with similar systems with the other two electrodes. The contribution of the memory effect or response time phenomena of coated open-tubular solid state chloride-, bromide-, and iodide-selective electrodes on the anal. output in flow injection systems are presented for concentration. ranges between 10 and 5000 mg L-1. The rate of response for the leading edges of all three electrodes due to electrode properties are independent of concentration. and do not contribute significantly to any decrease in sampling rate, although the rate of response of the bromide-selective electrode flow injection analysis (FIA) system seems to be slightly slower than the other two electrode systems at the initial peak-formation stages near the base line. The rate of response for the tailing edges of the different electrodes due to electrode properties is mainly responsible for the sampling rate obtained in an optimized FIA-ISE system. The memory effect of the iodide-selective electrode is mainly responsible for the fact that the sampling rate of this system is very much lower than the sampling rate obtained for similar systems with the other two electrodes. For the bromide-selective electrode system, the slower rate of response due to electrode properties at the tailing edges (especially with high concentrations of bromide) than that of the chloride-selective electrode, contributes mainly to a lower sampling output for the bromide-selective electrode-FIA system when compared with the chloride electrode system.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '6', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 16:06:13', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00328', 'pauthor' => '!Van Staden, J.F.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1016/0003-2670(92)80217-U', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Response time phenomena of coated open-tubular solid-state silver halide-selective electrodes and their influence on sample dispersion in flow injection analysis', Anal. Chim. Acta, 1992 261(1-2) 381-390', 'firstchar' => 'R', 'twochars' => 'Re', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( 'id' => '002055', 'citation_id' => '005694', 'technique_id' => '0303' ), 'Analyte' => array( (int) 0 => array( 'id' => '00451', 'name' => 'Bromide', 'iupac_name' => 'bromide', 'casrn' => '24959-67-9', 'synonyms' => 'Bromide; bromide ion; Bromide ion (-1); Bromine, ion;', 'total' => '35', 'inchi' => 'InChI=1S/BrH/h1H/p-1', 'inchikey' => 'CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M', 'formula' => 'Br-', 'oxstate' => '-1', 'url' => '', 'charge' => '-1', 'class1' => 'Element', 'class2' => 'NA', 'class3' => 'NA', 'class4' => 'Anion', 'class5' => 'NA', 'isgroup' => '', 'checked' => 'yes', 'citation_count' => '0', 'updated' => '2015-10-23 09:53:48', 'first' => 'B', 'nametotal' => 'Bromide**35', 'AnalytesCitation' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 1 => array( 'id' => '00594', 'name' => 'Chloride', 'iupac_name' => 'chloride', 'casrn' => '16887-00-6', 'synonyms' => 'Chloride; chloride anion; Chloride ion; Chlorine, ion; Hydrochloric acid, ion(1-)', 'total' => '180', 'inchi' => 'InChI=1S/ClH/h1H/p-1', 'inchikey' => 'VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M', 'formula' => 'Cl-', 'oxstate' => '-1', 'url' => '', 'charge' => '-1', 'class1' => 'Element', 'class2' => 'Non-metal', 'class3' => 'Halogen', 'class4' => 'Anion', 'class5' => '', 'isgroup' => '', 'checked' => 'yes', 'citation_count' => '0', 'updated' => '2015-10-23 09:54:58', 'first' => 'C', 'nametotal' => 'Chloride**180', 'AnalytesCitation' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 2 => array( 'id' => '01275', 'name' => 'Iodide', 'iupac_name' => 'iodide', 'casrn' => '20461-54-5', 'synonyms' => 'iodide ion', 'total' => '85', 'inchi' => 'InChI=1S/HI/h1H/p-1', 'inchikey' => 'XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-M', 'formula' => 'I-', 'oxstate' => '-1', 'url' => '', 'charge' => '-1', 'class1' => 'Element', 'class2' => 'Non-metal', 'class3' => 'Halogen', 'class4' => 'Anion', 'class5' => '', 'isgroup' => '', 'checked' => 'yes', 'citation_count' => '0', 'updated' => '2015-10-23 21:29:44', 'first' => 'I', 'nametotal' => 'Iodide**85', 'AnalytesCitation' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ) ), 'Matrix' => array(), 'Keyword' => array( (int) 0 => array( 'id' => '0302', 'type' => 'Feature', 'keyword' => 'Optimization', 'newKeyword' => '', 'synonyms' => '', 'fao' => '', 'total' => '1069', 'first' => 'O', 'keytotal' => 'Optimization**1069', 'CitationsKeyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 1 => array( 'id' => '0410', 'type' => 'Signal processing', 'keyword' => 'Signal processing', 'newKeyword' => '', 'synonyms' => '', 'fao' => '', 'total' => '42', 'first' => 'S', 'keytotal' => 'Signal processing**42', 'CitationsKeyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 2 => array( 'id' => '0119', 'type' => 'Manifold process', 'keyword' => 'Dispersion', 'newKeyword' => '', 'synonyms' => '', 'fao' => '', 'total' => '169', 'first' => 'D', 'keytotal' => 'Dispersion**169', 'CitationsKeyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ) ) ) $i = (int) 2 $path = '' $a = '' $url = 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-2670(92)80217-U' $aus = 'Jacobus F. van Staden'include - APP/View/Elements/citation.ctp, line 40 View::_evaluate() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 971 View::_render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 933 View::_renderElement() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 1224 View::element() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 418 include - APP/View/Techniques/view.ctp, line 52 View::_evaluate() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 971 View::_render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 933 View::render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 473 Controller::render() - CORE/Cake/Controller/Controller.php, line 968 Dispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/Cake/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 200 Dispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/Cake/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 167 [main] - APP/webroot/index.php, line 109
Abstract:
A comparative study has been made of the response times of coated open-tubular Ag membrane electrodes selective towards Cl-, Br- or I- (cf. Ibid., 1986, 179, 407) as they affect the throughput of flow injection analysis systems. The tubular indicator electrodes were used in conjunction with an Orion 90-02 double-junction reference electrode with 10% KNO3 solution in its outer chamber. The digitized signals were smoothed by applying the DS (data sets) Cat and Smooth operations of the ASYST software; typical background-corrected graphs for the flow injection measurement of halides (10 to 5000 mg l-1) are reproduced. Examination of the leading edges of the various peaks showed that their rate of response was independent of concentration. and did not significantly decrease the sampling rate, although the response of the Br- electrode at the initial peak-formation stages near the baseline was slightly slower than that of the others. The rate of response of the trailing edges was mainly responsible for the sampling rate in an optimized flow injection system, and the I- electrode showed a memory effect, which was largely responsible for the low sampling rate of this system compared with similar systems with the other two electrodes. The contribution of the memory effect or response time phenomena of coated open-tubular solid state chloride-, bromide-, and iodide-selective electrodes on the anal. output in flow injection systems are presented for concentration. ranges between 10 and 5000 mg L-1. The rate of response for the leading edges of all three electrodes due to electrode properties are independent of concentration. and do not contribute significantly to any decrease in sampling rate, although the rate of response of the bromide-selective electrode flow injection analysis (FIA) system seems to be slightly slower than the other two electrode systems at the initial peak-formation stages near the base line. The rate of response for the tailing edges of the different electrodes due to electrode properties is mainly responsible for the sampling rate obtained in an optimized FIA-ISE system. The memory effect of the iodide-selective electrode is mainly responsible for the fact that the sampling rate of this system is very much lower than the sampling rate obtained for similar systems with the other two electrodes. For the bromide-selective electrode system, the slower rate of response due to electrode properties at the tailing edges (especially with high concentrations of bromide) than that of the chloride-selective electrode, contributes mainly to a lower sampling output for the bromide-selective electrode-FIA system when compared with the chloride electrode system.
Bromide
Chloride
Iodide
Optimization
Signal processing
Dispersion
"Flow-through Tubular Iodide- And Bromide-selective Electrodes Based On Epoxy-resin Heterogeneous Membranes"
Talanta
1989 Volume 36, Issue 8 Pages 825-829
Notice (8): Undefined variable: uid [APP/View/Elements/citation.ctp, line 40]S. Alegret*, A. Florido, J. L. F. C. Lima and A. A. S. C. MachadoCode Context?><?phpif($uid!='') {$viewFile = '/home/stuchalk/public_html/fad/app/View/Elements/citation.ctp' $dataForView = array( 'data' => array( 'Technique' => array( 'id' => '0303', 'label' => 'Electrode', 'level1' => 'Electrode', 'level2' => 'ion selective', 'level3' => 'iodide', 'level4' => '', 'level5' => '', 'synonyms' => 'Ion selective electrode,ISE', 'champ' => '', 'total' => '21', 'updated' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'name' => 'Electrode, ion selective, iodide', 'nametotal' => 'Electrode, ion selective, iodide**21', 'first' => 'E' ), 'Citation' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 1 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 2 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 3 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 4 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 5 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 6 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 7 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 8 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 9 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 10 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 11 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 12 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 13 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 14 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 15 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 16 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 17 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 18 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 19 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 20 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ) ), 'c' => array( 'id' => '006910', 'authors' => 'Alegret, S.;Florido, A.;Lima, J.L.F.C.;Machado, A.A.S.C.', 'authorsweb' => 'S. Alegret*, A. Florido, J. L. F. C. Lima and A. A. S. C. Machado ', 'title' => 'Flow-through tubular iodide- and bromide-selective electrodes based on epoxy-resin heterogeneous membranes', 'journal' => 'Talanta', 'journal_id' => '0569', 'fadid' => 'TALT1989V0036P00825', 'year' => '1989', 'volume' => '36', 'issue' => '8', 'startpage' => '825', 'endpage' => '829', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1275;0451;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0283;0303;', 'keywords' => ';0217;0253;0385;0213;', 'abstract' => 'The electrodes were made from 4-mm lengths of Perspex tubing (1 cm o.d., 8 mm i.d.), which were filled with Ag-containing conductive epoxy-resin to which a shielded cable was then attached. A hole (1.75 mm diameter) was drilled through the centre, which was then packed with powdered AgX - Ag2S mixture (X = I or Br) dispersed in non-conductive epoxy-resin. A central channel (0.75 mm diameter) was then drilled leaving a membrane of 0.5-mm thickness. The response characteristics were evaluated in a low-dispersion flow injection system, and both showed a Nernstian response between 50 µM and 0.1 M with good reproducibility and a rapid response that permitted a sampling rate of 60 h-1. Operational pH ranges for I- and Br- were 2.5 to 11 and 3 to 10, respectively. Interference by several ions is reported; I- must be absent in determinations with the Br- electrode.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '11', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 14:55:17', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00788', 'pauthor' => '!Alegret, S.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1016/0039-9140(89)80162-6', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Flow-through tubular iodide- and bromide-selective electrodes based on epoxy-resin heterogeneous membranes', Talanta, 1989 36(8) 825-829', 'firstchar' => 'F', 'twochars' => 'Fl', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( 'id' => '003713', 'citation_id' => '006910', 'technique_id' => '0303' ), 'Analyte' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 1 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), 'Matrix' => array(), 'Keyword' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 1 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 2 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 3 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ) ), 'i' => (int) 3 ) $data = array( 'Technique' => array( 'id' => '0303', 'label' => 'Electrode', 'level1' => 'Electrode', 'level2' => 'ion selective', 'level3' => 'iodide', 'level4' => '', 'level5' => '', 'synonyms' => 'Ion selective electrode,ISE', 'champ' => '', 'total' => '21', 'updated' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'name' => 'Electrode, ion selective, iodide', 'nametotal' => 'Electrode, ion selective, iodide**21', 'first' => 'E' ), 'Citation' => array( (int) 0 => array( 'id' => '003989', 'authors' => 'Trojanowicz, M.A.;Matuszewski, W.;Hulanicki, A.', 'authorsweb' => 'Marek Trojanowicz, Wojciech Matuszewski and Adam Hulanicki', 'title' => 'Flow injection potentiometric determination of residual chlorine in water', 'journal' => 'Anal. Chim. Acta', 'journal_id' => '0584', 'fadid' => 'ANCA1982V0136P00085', 'year' => '1982', 'volume' => '136', 'issue' => '1', 'startpage' => '85', 'endpage' => '92 ', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0597;', 'matrices' => ';0372;', 'techniques' => ';0192;0303;0400;', 'keywords' => '', 'abstract' => 'Residual chlorine is measured in water by using a potentiometric system composed of an iodide-selective electrode and a platinum electrode sensing the iodine-iodide ratio. When the sample is added to acidified iodide solution, the cell response is in a logarithmic relation to the iodine concentration which in turn depends on the concentration of residual chlorine. In the flow injection system evolved, 0.1-5.0 mg L-1 residual chlorine can be determined at a rate of 40-60 samples per hour. The results of potentiometric determinations of residual chlorine in tap water compared to spectrophotometric results suggest that the presence of various organic substances is responsible for discrepancies between these measurements.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '9', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 15:43:35', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00320', 'pauthor' => '!Trojanowicz, M.A.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1016/S0003-2670(01)95366-8', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Flow injection potentiometric determination of residual chlorine in water', Anal. Chim. Acta, 1982 136(1) 85-92 ', 'firstchar' => 'F', 'twochars' => 'Fl', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Keyword' => array([maximum depth reached]) ), (int) 1 => array( 'id' => '005156', 'authors' => 'Figuerola, E.;Florido, A.;Aguilar, M.;De Pablo, J.;Alegret, S.', 'authorsweb' => 'E. Figuerola, A. Florido, M. Aguilar and J. De Pablo, S. Alegret', 'title' => 'Sequential flow injection determination of cyanide and weak metal cyanide complexes with flow-through heterogeneous membrane electrodes', 'journal' => 'Anal. Chim. Acta', 'journal_id' => '0584', 'fadid' => 'ANCA1988V0215P00283', 'year' => '1988', 'volume' => '215', 'issue' => '1-2', 'startpage' => '283', 'endpage' => '288', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0716;0717;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0127;0303;0400;', 'keywords' => ';0173;0217;0302;0212;0258;', 'abstract' => 'Two I--selective heterogeneous epoxy-based membrane flow-through electrodes were placed before and after a gas diffusion unit in a flow injection system for determination of free and total CN-. The CN--containing sample was injected into a KNO3 carrier solution and free CN- was determined by the first flow-through electrode. The solution was then treated with the HCl stream in the reaction coil. The HCN evolved passed through the gas-permeable membrane in the diffusion unit and was collected in an alkaline solution, where the CN- was measured by the second flow-through electrode. Under optimum conditions, the response was rectilinear from 10 µM to 1 mM CN- and the coefficient of variation were ~2% with a sampling rate of 20 h-1. Total CN- could be determined in the presence of Zn, Cu(II) and Cd but results were low in the presence of Ni, Co(II) and Fe(III). Sulfide and SCN- were not tolerated. The reproducibility was worse than that of spectrophotometric detection but the method could be used over a wider concentration. range and was more suitable for an online control monitoring system.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '2', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 15:55:59', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'NA', 'address' => '?', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1016/S0003-2670(00)85287-3', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Sequential flow injection determination of cyanide and weak metal cyanide complexes with flow-through heterogeneous membrane electrodes', Anal. Chim. Acta, 1988 215(1-2) 283-288', 'firstchar' => 'S', 'twochars' => 'Se', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 2 => array( 'id' => '005694', 'authors' => 'Van Staden, J.F.', 'authorsweb' => 'Jacobus F. van Staden', 'title' => 'Response time phenomena of coated open-tubular solid-state silver halide-selective electrodes and their influence on sample dispersion in flow injection analysis', 'journal' => 'Anal. Chim. Acta', 'journal_id' => '0584', 'fadid' => 'ANCA1992V0261P00381', 'year' => '1992', 'volume' => '261', 'issue' => '1-2', 'startpage' => '381', 'endpage' => '390', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0451;0594;1275;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0283;0290;0303;', 'keywords' => ';0302;0410;0119;', 'abstract' => 'A comparative study has been made of the response times of coated open-tubular Ag membrane electrodes selective towards Cl-, Br- or I- (cf. Ibid., 1986, 179, 407) as they affect the throughput of flow injection analysis systems. The tubular indicator electrodes were used in conjunction with an Orion 90-02 double-junction reference electrode with 10% KNO3 solution in its outer chamber. The digitized signals were smoothed by applying the DS (data sets) Cat and Smooth operations of the ASYST software; typical background-corrected graphs for the flow injection measurement of halides (10 to 5000 mg l-1) are reproduced. Examination of the leading edges of the various peaks showed that their rate of response was independent of concentration. and did not significantly decrease the sampling rate, although the response of the Br- electrode at the initial peak-formation stages near the baseline was slightly slower than that of the others. The rate of response of the trailing edges was mainly responsible for the sampling rate in an optimized flow injection system, and the I- electrode showed a memory effect, which was largely responsible for the low sampling rate of this system compared with similar systems with the other two electrodes. The contribution of the memory effect or response time phenomena of coated open-tubular solid state chloride-, bromide-, and iodide-selective electrodes on the anal. output in flow injection systems are presented for concentration. ranges between 10 and 5000 mg L-1. The rate of response for the leading edges of all three electrodes due to electrode properties are independent of concentration. and do not contribute significantly to any decrease in sampling rate, although the rate of response of the bromide-selective electrode flow injection analysis (FIA) system seems to be slightly slower than the other two electrode systems at the initial peak-formation stages near the base line. The rate of response for the tailing edges of the different electrodes due to electrode properties is mainly responsible for the sampling rate obtained in an optimized FIA-ISE system. The memory effect of the iodide-selective electrode is mainly responsible for the fact that the sampling rate of this system is very much lower than the sampling rate obtained for similar systems with the other two electrodes. For the bromide-selective electrode system, the slower rate of response due to electrode properties at the tailing edges (especially with high concentrations of bromide) than that of the chloride-selective electrode, contributes mainly to a lower sampling output for the bromide-selective electrode-FIA system when compared with the chloride electrode system.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '6', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 16:06:13', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00328', 'pauthor' => '!Van Staden, J.F.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1016/0003-2670(92)80217-U', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Response time phenomena of coated open-tubular solid-state silver halide-selective electrodes and their influence on sample dispersion in flow injection analysis', Anal. Chim. Acta, 1992 261(1-2) 381-390', 'firstchar' => 'R', 'twochars' => 'Re', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 3 => array( 'id' => '006910', 'authors' => 'Alegret, S.;Florido, A.;Lima, J.L.F.C.;Machado, A.A.S.C.', 'authorsweb' => 'S. Alegret*, A. Florido, J. L. F. C. Lima and A. A. S. C. Machado ', 'title' => 'Flow-through tubular iodide- and bromide-selective electrodes based on epoxy-resin heterogeneous membranes', 'journal' => 'Talanta', 'journal_id' => '0569', 'fadid' => 'TALT1989V0036P00825', 'year' => '1989', 'volume' => '36', 'issue' => '8', 'startpage' => '825', 'endpage' => '829', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1275;0451;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0283;0303;', 'keywords' => ';0217;0253;0385;0213;', 'abstract' => 'The electrodes were made from 4-mm lengths of Perspex tubing (1 cm o.d., 8 mm i.d.), which were filled with Ag-containing conductive epoxy-resin to which a shielded cable was then attached. A hole (1.75 mm diameter) was drilled through the centre, which was then packed with powdered AgX - Ag2S mixture (X = I or Br) dispersed in non-conductive epoxy-resin. A central channel (0.75 mm diameter) was then drilled leaving a membrane of 0.5-mm thickness. The response characteristics were evaluated in a low-dispersion flow injection system, and both showed a Nernstian response between 50 µM and 0.1 M with good reproducibility and a rapid response that permitted a sampling rate of 60 h-1. Operational pH ranges for I- and Br- were 2.5 to 11 and 3 to 10, respectively. Interference by several ions is reported; I- must be absent in determinations with the Br- electrode.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '11', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 14:55:17', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00788', 'pauthor' => '!Alegret, S.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1016/0039-9140(89)80162-6', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Flow-through tubular iodide- and bromide-selective electrodes based on epoxy-resin heterogeneous membranes', Talanta, 1989 36(8) 825-829', 'firstchar' => 'F', 'twochars' => 'Fl', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 4 => array( 'id' => '006998', 'authors' => 'Najib, F.M.;Othman, S.', 'authorsweb' => 'Fadhil M. Najib* and Shireen Othman, ', 'title' => 'Simultaneous determination of chloride, bromide, iodide and fluoride with flow injection - ion-selective electrode systems', 'journal' => 'Talanta', 'journal_id' => '0569', 'fadid' => 'TALT1992V0039P01259', 'year' => '1992', 'volume' => '39', 'issue' => '10', 'startpage' => '1259', 'endpage' => '1267', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0594;0451;1275;0982;', 'matrices' => ';0372;', 'techniques' => ';0283;0290;0298;0303;', 'keywords' => ';0258;0320;0217;', 'abstract' => 'Electrodes for Cl-, Br- and I- were constructed (preparation described) from Ag2 - AgCl or AgBr (1:1) and Ag2S - AgI (1:3); for F- a commercial electrode was used. By combining the electrodes and suppressor columns of AgCl and amalgamated Pb, the ions were simultaneously determined in a carrier stream (0.5 mL min-1) of e.g. 0.1 M HClO4 at pH 4.0. The calibration graphs were rectilinear down to 100, 5, 1 and 5 µM for Cl-, Br-, I- and F-, respectively. The reproducibility was 1% for the determination of the halides in eight water samples, the results agreed well with those obtained by three reference methods. Flow-through ion-selective electrodes were constructed from compressed pellets (8-10 mm thick, 13 mm diameter, 10 tons/cm2 pressure) of Ag2S/AgX (X = Cl-, Br- or I-) drilled longitudinally (1.5 mm diameter hole) to be suitable for use in flow injection analysis. A column of AgCl (5.5 cm long, 2-3 mm internal diameter) was included in the Cl- electrode manifold to remove interferences from 10^-4 M Br- and 3 x 10^-5 M I- and S2-. A column of amalgamated lead (2-3 cm long, 2-3 mm internal diameter) was used in the Br--electrode manifold to remove interference from 2 x 10^-5 M I-, 3 x 10^-5 M S2- and 7 x 10^-4 M Cl-. These columns and the addition of ascorbic acid were not required when I- was determined with the iodide electrode. The carrier stream was 0.1 M sodium perchlorate (pH 4) at a flow-rate of 0.5 mL/min. The sample pH could be 4-7. Simultaneous determination of Cl- and I-, Cl-, I- and Br-, and Cl-, I-, Br- and F- ions was possible with combinations of the corresponding electrodes and columns in series and/or parallel in specially designed manifolds. Calibration plots were linear, with almost theoretical slopes, down to 10^-6 M I-, 5 x 10^-6 M Br-, 10^-4 M Cl- and 5 x 10^-6 M F-, with precision better than 1%. Sampling rates for single-ion determinations were 72, 102, 90 and 80 per h for the one-, two-, three- and four-electrode systems respectively. Determinations of these ions in water samples by the recommended procedure and by established batch methods showed no significant difference at the 95% confidence limits in a paired comparison t-test.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '28', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 14:59:47', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'Najib, F.M.', 'address' => 'Department of Chemistry, University of Salahaddin, Arbil, Iraq', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1016/0039-9140(92)80234-5', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Simultaneous determination of chloride, bromide, iodide and fluoride with flow injection - ion-selective electrode systems', Talanta, 1992 39(10) 1259-1267', 'firstchar' => 'S', 'twochars' => 'Si', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 5 => array( 'id' => '007457', 'authors' => 'Christopoulos, T.K.;Diamandis, E.P.', 'authorsweb' => 'Theodore K. Christopoulos and Eleftherios P. Diamandis', 'title' => 'Flow-through units for solid-state, liquid and PVC matrix membrane ion-selective electrodes to minimize streaming potentials', 'journal' => 'Analyst', 'journal_id' => '0864', 'fadid' => 'ANAL1987V0112P01293', 'year' => '1987', 'volume' => '112', 'issue' => '9', 'startpage' => '1293', 'endpage' => '1298', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1275;1757;1978;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0303;0315;0156;', 'keywords' => ';0258;0397;', 'abstract' => 'Three flow-through units were constructed (diagrams given) and evaluated for electrode membranes sensitive to iodide (solid), perchlorate (liquid) and propantheline (PVC matrix), respectively. Streaming potential oscillations were reduced to 0.2 mV by siting the sensing membrane as near as possible to the external reference electrolyte - sample solution contact zone. Air-segmented streams were used to study the effect of flow rates of 1.74, 3.64 and 6.7 mL min-1. Sampling rates of up to 60, 120 and 240 h-1, respectively, were achieved.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '0', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 00:02:43', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => '!Diamondis, E.P.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1039/an9871201293', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Flow-through units for solid-state, liquid and PVC matrix membrane ion-selective electrodes to minimize streaming potentials', Analyst, 1987 112(9) 1293-1298', 'firstchar' => 'F', 'twochars' => 'Fl', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 6 => array( 'id' => '007658', 'authors' => 'Davey, D.E.;Mulcahy, D.E.;O'Connell, G.R.', 'authorsweb' => 'David E. Davey, Dennis E. Mulcahy and Gregory R. O'Connell', 'title' => 'Effect of flow injection parameters on the selectivity of an iodide-selective electrode', 'journal' => 'Analyst', 'journal_id' => '0864', 'fadid' => 'ANAL1992V0117P00761', 'year' => '1992', 'volume' => '117', 'issue' => '4', 'startpage' => '761', 'endpage' => '765', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1275;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0303;', 'keywords' => ';0398;0217;0302;', 'abstract' => 'The effects of sample loop volume, flow rate, carrier I- concentration, interferents, solution pH and temperature were studied, with selectivity coefficient being measured for Br-, SCN- and thiosulfate. Samples of 100 µL should be mixed with a 1 µM-KI carrier and a 0.1 M KNO3 reagent stream flowing at a combined rate of 6 to 7 mL min-1 in either neutral or acid solution at 20°C. A study has been carried out on the influence of several experimental parameters on the selectivity of a homogeneous membrane iodide-selective electrode operating under flow injection conditions. Selectivity coefficients were measured for bromide, thiocyanate and thiosulfate by use of a mixed-solution technique, with the effects of sample loop volume, flow rate, carrier iodide concentration, interferent activity, solution pH and temperature being investigated in turn. When the flow system was optimized, it proved possible to double the selectivity of the electrode towards iodide. Facets of the observed behavior were found to correlate well with existing theories on the time-dependent response of solid-state ion-selective electrodes. Peak profiles were also examined, with particular attention being given to the potential excursions or 'overshoots' recorded when mixed solutions of low iodide activity were injected into the flow stream.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '2', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 08:32:42', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'NA', 'address' => 'Sch. Chem. Technol., Univ. South Australia, The Levels, 5095, Australia', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1039/an9921700761', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Effect of flow injection parameters on the selectivity of an iodide-selective electrode', Analyst, 1992 117(4) 761-765', 'firstchar' => 'E', 'twochars' => 'Ef', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 7 => array( 'id' => '008266', 'authors' => 'Alexander, P.W.;Seegopaul, P.', 'authorsweb' => 'Peter W. Alexander and Purneshwar Seegopaul', 'title' => 'Rapid-flow continuous analysis with ion-selective electrodes', 'journal' => 'Anal. Chem.', 'journal_id' => '0499', 'fadid' => 'ANCH1980V0052P02403', 'year' => '1980', 'volume' => '52', 'issue' => '14', 'startpage' => '2403', 'endpage' => '2406', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1275;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0303;', 'keywords' => '', 'abstract' => 'A study of rapid sampling in a continuous-flow system is reported with an iodide solid-state electrode as a continuous sensor. The system is operated by consecutive manual aspiration of sample and wash solutions into a flow manifold with air segmentation to reduce carry-over. The design features and flow rates used in the operation of the system are described, and it is found that sampling rates up to 360/h are permissible with flow rates as low as 9.2 mL min-1. The concept of combining rapid flow with air segmentation is shown to give an Improved method for achieving rapid sampling with electrode detection in a continuous-flow system with advantages over the more complex bubble-gating and flow-injection techniques currently in use.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2014-11-12 21:24:23', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '8', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 18:32:10', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00008', 'pauthor' => '!Alexander, P.W.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => 'Not DOI assigned. Use issue url', 'url' => '10.1021/ac50064a038', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Rapid-flow continuous analysis with ion-selective electrodes', Anal. Chem., 1980 52(14) 2403-2406', 'firstchar' => 'R', 'twochars' => 'Ra', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array([maximum depth reached]) ), (int) 8 => array( 'id' => '008892', 'authors' => 'Van Staden, J.F.', 'authorsweb' => 'Jacobus F. van Staden', 'title' => 'Incorporation of a coated tubular solid-state iodide selective electrode into the conduits of a flow injection system', 'journal' => 'Fresenius J. Anal. Chem.', 'journal_id' => '0944', 'fadid' => 'FJAC1986V0325P00247', 'year' => '1986', 'volume' => '325', 'issue' => '3', 'startpage' => '247', 'endpage' => '251', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1275;', 'matrices' => ';0473;', 'techniques' => ';0303;0400;', 'keywords' => ';0043;0090;0302;0354;0223;0054;', 'abstract' => 'A tubular flow-through electrode (5 mm long, 2 mm i.d.) prepared by depositing AgI on silver foil and connected to an Orion Research microprocessor Ionalyzer with an Orion double-junction reference electrode was incorporated in a flow injection system (diagram given) capable of 90 samples h-1. Samples and ionic-strength-adjustment buffer were fed by a peristaltic pump with a pulse suppression system. Optimum sensitivity and response were obtained with 0.1 M KNO3 - 0.02 M acetic acid buffer. Response of carefully conditioned electrodes was rectilinear from 5 to 5000 mg L-1 of I-; they were stable and needed little maintenance. Analyses of iodized table salt agreed reasonably with quoted I- concentration, with a coefficient of variation of <1.8% (n = 15). The practical range was 5 to 2000 mg l-1.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '15', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 00:20:33', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00328', 'pauthor' => '!Van Staden, J.F.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1007/BF00498166', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Incorporation of a coated tubular solid-state iodide selective electrode into the conduits of a flow injection system', Fresenius J. Anal. Chem., 1986 325(3) 247-251', 'firstchar' => 'I', 'twochars' => 'In', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 9 => array( 'id' => '008904', 'authors' => 'Trojanowicz, M.A.;Frenzel, W.', 'authorsweb' => 'Marek Trojanowicz and Wolfgang Frenzel', 'title' => 'Flow injection potentiometry for low level measurements in the presence of sensed ion in the carrier', 'journal' => 'Fresenius J. Anal. Chem.', 'journal_id' => '0944', 'fadid' => 'FJAC1987V0328P00653', 'year' => '1987', 'volume' => '328', 'issue' => '8', 'startpage' => '653', 'endpage' => '656', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0982;1275;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0298;0303;0400;', 'keywords' => ';0464;', 'abstract' => 'A theoretical treatment based on the Nikolski equation is presented for the response of ion-sensitive electrodes in flow injection analysis, and the predictions are compared with experimental results obtained with a F--selective electrode and 0.2 M NaCl - 0.2 M acetate buffer (pH 5.2) containing F- (100 µg l-1) as carrier and with an I--selective electrode and a carrier of 0.2 M KNO3 containing ascorbic acid (1 g l-1) and I- (100 µg l-1). Measurements were made in a single-line manifold with a variable length of tubing (0.8 mm i.d.) and an injected volume of 100 µL. Significant deviations due to slow response were observed, but it is possible to linearize the calibration graph for low-dispersion systems and the electrodes can be used, with limited sensitivity, in the µg L-1 concentration. range.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '21', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 00:20:53', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00320', 'pauthor' => '!Trojanowicz, M.A.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1007/BF00488664', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Flow injection potentiometry for low level measurements in the presence of sensed ion in the carrier', Fresenius J. Anal. Chem., 1987 328(8) 653-656', 'firstchar' => 'F', 'twochars' => 'Fl', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 10 => array( 'id' => '008907', 'authors' => 'Ilcheva, L.;Trojanowicz, M.A.;Krawczynski Vel Krawczyk, T.', 'authorsweb' => 'Liliana Ilcheva, Marek Trojanowicz and Tadeusz Krawczynski vel Krawczyk', 'title' => 'Effect of addition of main ion to carrier solution in potentiometric flow injection measurements with solid state ion-selective electrodes', 'journal' => 'Fresenius J. Anal. Chem.', 'journal_id' => '0944', 'fadid' => 'FJAC1987V0328P00027', 'year' => '1987', 'volume' => '328', 'issue' => '1-2', 'startpage' => '27', 'endpage' => '32', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0982;0594;1275;0684;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0238;0290;0295;0298;0303;0400;', 'keywords' => ';0401;0464;', 'abstract' => 'Flow injection measurements were made by using a flow-through cup (described and illustrated) and Cl--, F--, I-- and Cu(II)-selective electrodes. The addition of the main ion to the carrier solution to create a constant background level of main ion produces a significant improvement in response for the F-- and I--selective electrodes. However, a very slow return of the potential value to the baseline is observed for I- measurements; this is attributable to the slow desorption of I- from the electrode surface. The super-Nernstian slope observed for the F-- and Cu(II)-selective electrodes in the absence of F- or Cu(II) in the carrier solution decreased to Nernstian values in the presence of the ions in the carrier solution', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '27', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 00:20:46', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00320', 'pauthor' => '!Trojanowicz, M.A.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1007/BF00560942', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Effect of addition of main ion to carrier solution in potentiometric flow injection measurements with solid state ion-selective electrodes', Fresenius J. Anal. Chem., 1987 328(1-2) 27-32', 'firstchar' => 'E', 'twochars' => 'Ef', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 11 => array( 'id' => '009866', 'authors' => 'Davey, D.E.;Mulcahy, D.E.;O'Connell, G.R.', 'authorsweb' => 'David E. Davey, Dennis E. Mulcahy, Gregory R. O'Connell', 'title' => 'Comparison of detector cell configurations in flow injection potentiometry', 'journal' => 'Electroanalysis', 'journal_id' => '1003', 'fadid' => 'ELAN1993V0005P00581', 'year' => '1993', 'volume' => '5', 'issue' => '7', 'startpage' => '581', 'endpage' => '588', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1275;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0400;0303;', 'keywords' => ';0258;', 'abstract' => 'A solid-state iodide-selective electrode was used to compare the performances of flow-through, edge-jet and wall-jet detector cell configurations in FIA. Cell volume of 4-210 µL were studied with flow streams of 1.7 or 3.2 ml/min and injections of 0.1 M KI were made into a flow stream of 10 µM-KI or of 0.1 M KNO3. Similarly good results were obtained for each configuration in the cell volume range 4-63 µL at 1.7 ml/min or 4-120 µL at 3.2 ml/min, but best results were given generally under thin-layer flow conditions which occurred in the cell volume range 4-33 µL. The range of cell volume that could yield steady data decreased in the order edge-jet, wall-jet, flow-through configuration.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '7', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 14:09:26', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00106', 'pauthor' => '!Davey, D.E.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1002/elan.1140050709', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'no', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Comparison of detector cell configurations in flow injection potentiometry', Electroanalysis, 1993 5(7) 581-588', 'firstchar' => 'C', 'twochars' => 'Co', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 12 => array( 'id' => '009877', 'authors' => 'Daunert, S.;Florido, A.;Bricker, J.;Dunaway, W.;Bachas, L.G.;Valiente, M.', 'authorsweb' => 'Sylvia Daunert, Antonio Florido, Jordi Bricker, Wes Dunaway, Leonidas G. Bachas, Manuel Valiente', 'title' => 'Iodide-selective electrodes based on a mercury - tri-isobutylphosphine sulfide complex', 'journal' => 'Electroanalysis', 'journal_id' => '1003', 'fadid' => 'ELAN1993V0005P00839', 'year' => '1993', 'volume' => '5', 'issue' => '9-10', 'startpage' => '839', 'endpage' => '843', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';2324;1275;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0303;0400;', 'keywords' => '', 'abstract' => 'Tri-isobutylphosphine sulfide - Hg complex-based ISE were prepared (described) and were used in conjunction with an Orion 90-02-00 double-junction reference electrode. Batchwise potentiometric measurements were made in 0.1 M 2-morpholinoethanesulfonic acid (I)/NaOH buffers of pH 5.5, 6 or 6.5 or 0.1 M NaH2PO4/NaOH buffers of pH 6 or 6.5. Various Hg complex/PVC/plasticizer/DMF/THF mixtures were also used to prepare a membrane within a flow-through tubular electrode made from Epo-Tek 410 Ag-based conductive epoxy. This membrane electrode was used for detection in FIA. ISE containing 4% of ionophore showed near-Nernstian response to thiocyanate in all three I buffers and the detection limit was 2-4 µM, slightly better than in the phosphate buffers (detection limit of 5 µM-thiocyanate). Response times averaged 1 min for thiocyanate and 12 min for iodide. In FIA, the best signals were obtained with 100 µL sample injections and a carrier flow rate of 3.3 ml/min; with a membrane containing 4% of ionophore, the peak heights were reproducible to within ±1 mV for three injections at a given concentration.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '7', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 14:09:32', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00857', 'pauthor' => '!Bachas, L.G.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1002/elan.1140050919', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'no', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Iodide-selective electrodes based on a mercury - tri-isobutylphosphine sulfide complex', Electroanalysis, 1993 5(9-10) 839-843', 'firstchar' => 'I', 'twochars' => 'Io', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array([maximum depth reached]) ), (int) 13 => array( 'id' => '009899', 'authors' => 'Davey, D.E.;Mulcahy, D.E.;O'Connell, G.R.;Smart, R.S.', 'authorsweb' => 'David E. Davey, Dennis E. Mulcahy, Gregory R. O'Connell, Roger StC. Smart', 'title' => 'A flow injection/XPS investigation of the effect of redox equilibria on the selectivity of an iodide-selective electrode', 'journal' => 'Electroanalysis', 'journal_id' => '1003', 'fadid' => 'ELAN1995V0007P00461', 'year' => '1995', 'volume' => '7', 'issue' => '5', 'startpage' => '461', 'endpage' => '470', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1275;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0303;0400;', 'keywords' => ';0217;0377;0398;', 'abstract' => 'Bromide, thiocyanate and thiosulfate were studied as three moderately-interfering species. The flow injection (FI) manifold was as described earlier (Pure Appl. Chem, 1976, 48, 129). Potentiometric measurements were made with an Orion Research Model 710A digital pH/mV meter and the Orion 94-06A iodide ISE was used for most of the FI work. Neutral and acidified iodate and bromate oxidant streams increased the selectivity of the iodide electrode towards the interferents. Use of ascorbic acid or metabisulfite reducing streams resulted in a greater degree of selectivity towards iodide than was obtained with either of the neutral oxidant streams but a lower degree of selectivity than was obtained when a simple nitrate reagent stream was present. Thiosulfate damaged the surface of the electrode irreparably, with a concomitant excessive peak broadening in the FI experiment and very poor baseline recovery.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '8', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 14:10:24', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '01201', 'pauthor' => '!O'Connell, G.R.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1002/elan.1140070510', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'no', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''A flow injection/XPS investigation of the effect of redox equilibria on the selectivity of an iodide-selective electrode', Electroanalysis, 1995 7(5) 461-470', 'firstchar' => 'A', 'twochars' => 'A ', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 14 => array( 'id' => '009912', 'authors' => 'Davey, D.E.;Mulcahy, D.E.;O'Connell, G.R.', 'authorsweb' => 'David E. Davey, Dennis E. Mulcahy, Gregory R. O'Connell*', 'title' => 'Effect of membrane composition on the flow injection response of an ion-selective electrode: a comparative study based an selectivity coefficients calculated using a data linearization technique', 'journal' => 'Electroanalysis', 'journal_id' => '1003', 'fadid' => 'ELAN1996V0008P00274', 'year' => '1996', 'volume' => '8', 'issue' => '3', 'startpage' => '274', 'endpage' => '279', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1275;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0303;0284;0330;0400;', 'keywords' => ';0217;', 'abstract' => 'Portions of 100 µL of iodide solutions containing 100 mM bromide, thiocyanate and thiosulfate as interferents were injected into carrier and reagent streams (total flow 6.6 ml/min) of 1 µM-KI and 100 mM KNO3, and iodide detected using a variety of purpose made AgI/Ag2S (details given) and commercially available iodide, sulfide and cadmium ISE. Calibration graphs of the respective ISE responses are presented. Most sensors showed good analytical performance, excepting that prepared from a 3:1 AgI/Ag2S membrane.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '8', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 14:10:51', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '01201', 'pauthor' => '!O'Connell, G.R.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1002/elan.1140080313', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Effect of membrane composition on the flow injection response of an ion-selective electrode: a comparative study based an selectivity coefficients calculated using a data linearization technique', Electroanalysis, 1996 8(3) 274-279', 'firstchar' => 'E', 'twochars' => 'Ef', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 15 => array( 'id' => '009940', 'authors' => 'Di Benedetto, L.T.;Dimitrakopoulos, T.', 'authorsweb' => 'Lucy Tina Di Benedetto, Telis Dimitrakopoulos*', 'title' => 'Evaluation of a new wall-jet flow-through cell for commercial ion-selective electrodes in flow injection potentiometry', 'journal' => 'Electroanalysis', 'journal_id' => '1003', 'fadid' => 'ELAN1997V0009P00179', 'year' => '1997', 'volume' => '9', 'issue' => '2', 'startpage' => '179', 'endpage' => '182', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0205;0487;1275;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0400;0285;0303;', 'keywords' => ';0167;0043;', 'abstract' => 'The cited poly(methyl methacrylate) cell (28 x 25 x 35 mm) which can accommodate commercial gas-sensing, liquid polymer membrane and solid-state-based ISE is described (diagram given). The cell contains a 1 mm i.d. Ag/AgCl wire reference electrode and the dead volume of the ISE compartment is 18 µL. Two separate inlets and flow channels are used to carry the sample and reference solutions to the ISE and reference electrode, respectively, after which the streams are merged and carried to waste. The analysis rate was up to 240 samples/h and injection volumes >=50 µL are recommended. An Orion 95-12 ammonia ISE was used in the cell with a sample injection volume of 100 µL and 1 M KOH/1 µM-NH4Cl and 1 M KCl as carrier and reference solutions, respectively, e.g., at total flow rate of 1.8 ml/min. Calibration graphs of potential vs. log. NH3 concentration were linear for 0.1-10 mM NH3 and peak height RSD were 0.4-3.5%. The flow cell was also used to determine Ca and iodide using appropriate ISE.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '9', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 14:11:38', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00943', 'pauthor' => '!Dimitrakopoulos, T.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1002/elan.1140090219', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Evaluation of a new wall-jet flow-through cell for commercial ion-selective electrodes in flow injection potentiometry', Electroanalysis, 1997 9(2) 179-182', 'firstchar' => 'E', 'twochars' => 'Ev', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 16 => array( 'id' => '011126', 'authors' => 'Ilcheva, L.K.;Cammann, K.;Georgieva, T.', 'authorsweb' => 'NA', 'title' => 'Iodide selective electrode in flow injection system', 'journal' => 'Analusis', 'journal_id' => '0562', 'fadid' => 'ANLU1988V0016P00101', 'year' => '1988', 'volume' => '16', 'issue' => '9-10', 'startpage' => '101', 'endpage' => '104', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1275;', 'matrices' => ';0671;', 'techniques' => ';0303;', 'keywords' => ';0128;0217;', 'abstract' => 'Baseline drift that occurred during use of the I--selective electrode [Seibold 57-17 (Radelkis)] in presence of a high Cl- concentration. could be avoided by use of a flow injection system with the addition of ascorbic acid to the carrier stream. Thus, 50 ppm of I- in high-purity NaCl could be determined by flow injection analysis in a carrier stream (1.7 mL min-1) of 0.1 M NaNO3 containing 0.1 mg L-1 of ascorbic acid with use of the cited electrode. No interference from Cl- memory effects could be detected.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:11:09', 'sjccheck' => 'No', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '0', 'urlcheck' => '2006-05-20 18:43:48', 'urlcheckcode' => '', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'NA', 'address' => 'Higher Chem. Technol. Inst., Dept. Anal. Chem., 1156 Sofia Bulgaria', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => 'NA SJC 102114', 'url' => 'NA', 'urltype' => 'NA', 'gotpdf' => 'no', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Iodide selective electrode in flow injection system', Analusis, 1988 16(9-10) 101-104', 'firstchar' => 'I', 'twochars' => 'Io', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 17 => array( 'id' => '011372', 'authors' => 'Volesky, B.;Emond, C.', 'authorsweb' => 'B. Volesky, C. Emond', 'title' => 'Continuous-flow monitoring of lactose concentration', 'journal' => 'Biotechnol. Bioeng.', 'journal_id' => '0782', 'fadid' => 'BTBE1979V0021P01251', 'year' => '1979', 'volume' => '21', 'issue' => '7', 'startpage' => '1251', 'endpage' => '1276', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1349;', 'matrices' => 'NA', 'techniques' => ';0303;', 'keywords' => ';0258;0217;', 'abstract' => 'A specific continuous-flow analytical system for determination of lactose concentration in a liquid mixture of constituent sugars was developed and tested based on a series of enzymatic reactions. Lactose and glucose oxidase immobilized on a phenol-formaldehyde resin were employed. More detailed study was carried out based on a reaction by-product quantitatively detected by an available iodide electrode. A multichannel proportioning pump fed two independently operated analytical streams eliminating thus the background glucose interference. With a goal of lactose concentration control in a fermentation process, the system response time delay was shortened to approximately 15 min. Apart from optimization of the analytical system operating parameters, the study indicates also the major application problem areas: lactase inhibition by galactose, galactose oxidation by glucose oxidase, and a partial loss of glucose oxidase activity in a prolonged continuous-flow operation. A manual Colorimetric Procedure was employed to verify the results of the potentiometric method.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '2006-08-24 01:57:33', 'hits' => '7', 'urlcheck' => '2014-11-25 23:02:47', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found (Array)', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'NA', 'address' => 'Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada H3A 2A7', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1002/bit.260210713', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'no', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Continuous-flow monitoring of lactose concentration', Biotechnol. Bioeng., 1979 21(7) 1251-1276', 'firstchar' => 'C', 'twochars' => 'Co', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 18 => array( 'id' => '012627', 'authors' => 'Seifert, K.;Dominok, B.;Dominok, G.W.', 'authorsweb' => 'K Seifert, B Dominok, GW Dominok', 'title' => 'Improved methods for determination of fluoride in biological materials', 'journal' => 'Fluoride', 'journal_id' => '1177', 'fadid' => 'FLUR1986V0019P00022', 'year' => '1986', 'volume' => '19', 'issue' => '1', 'startpage' => '22', 'endpage' => '25', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0982;', 'matrices' => ';0262;0160;', 'techniques' => ';0298;0303;0416;', 'keywords' => ';0454;0468;', 'abstract' => 'Fluoride is separated from cartilage or aortic tissues without ashing by an adaptation of the method of Yoshida et al. (Anal. Abstr., 1979, 37, 6B109). The reaction takes place in a closed apparatus comprising a 100 mL flask in series with two gas bubblers, each containing 25 mL of 0.1 M NaOH. The sample, 50 mL of water and two drops of hexamethyldisiloxane are placed in the flask, and 40 mL of concentrated H2SO4 is added to the sample through a dropping funnel. The trimethylsilanol(I) produced reacts with the F- to form fluorotrimethylsilane(II), which is swept by N (50 mL min-1) to the bubblers. II is converted by the alkali back into I, which is extracted into toluene before measurement of the F- so liberated in 0.45 M HClO4 medium with an I--selective electrode. Urine is analyzed directly for F- in 0.5 M HClO4 medium containing 0.001% of Triton X-100 by using two F--selective electrodes in a flow injection system. The latter method was applied to urine of persons drinking fluoridated water or occupationally exposed to F. The former method was applied to tissues from adults and infants, and the results are reported.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '2006-08-06 10:50:14', 'hits' => '7', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-13 12:09:40', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 200 OK', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'Dominok, G.W.', 'address' => 'Institute of Hygiene and Pathology, Cottbus, GDR', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => null, 'url' => 'www.fluorideresearch.org/191/files/FJ1986_v19_n1_p001-050.pdf', 'urltype' => 'pdfurl', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Improved methods for determination of fluoride in biological materials', Fluoride, 1986 19(1) 22-25', 'firstchar' => 'I', 'twochars' => 'Im', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 19 => array( 'id' => '013023', 'authors' => 'Gur'ev, I.A.;Kuleshova, N.V.', 'authorsweb' => 'I. A. Gur'ev and N. V. Kuleshova', 'title' => 'Sorption preconcentration and flow injection determination of cadmium', 'journal' => 'J. Anal. Chem.', 'journal_id' => '0798', 'fadid' => 'JACU1998V0053P00796', 'year' => '1998', 'volume' => '53', 'issue' => '9', 'startpage' => '796', 'endpage' => '799', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0478;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0290;0303;0400;', 'keywords' => ';0212;0089;0398;', 'abstract' => 'A procedure for the flow injection determination of Cd traces in aqueous solutions was developed. The procedure is based on the use of ion-selective electrodes sensitive to chloride or iodide complexes of Cd. Sorption pre-concentration simultaneously transforms Cd to anal. active species, it decreases the limit of detection, and improves the selectivity of determination.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:11:09', 'sjccheck' => 'No', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '15', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-23 18:49:51', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Object moved', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'NA', 'address' => 'Chemistry Department, Nizhni-Novgorod State University, prosp. Gagarina 23, 603600, Nizhni Novgorod, Russia', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => 'Not available on springer', 'url' => 'elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=13280948', 'urltype' => 'absurl', 'gotpdf' => 'no', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Sorption preconcentration and flow injection determination of cadmium', J. Anal. Chem., 1998 53(9) 796-799', 'firstchar' => 'S', 'twochars' => 'So', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 20 => array( 'id' => '014690', 'authors' => 'Muller, H.;Wallaschek, G.', 'authorsweb' => 'Helmut Müller, Günter Wallaschek', 'title' => 'Determination of water in organic solvents by using the Karl Fischer method with flow injection analysis', 'journal' => 'Z. Chem.', 'journal_id' => '0557', 'fadid' => 'ZSCH1984V0024P00075', 'year' => '1984', 'volume' => '24', 'issue' => '2', 'startpage' => '75', 'endpage' => '76', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';2508;', 'matrices' => ';0806;0630;', 'techniques' => ';0303;0337;0400;', 'keywords' => '', 'abstract' => 'Liquid paraffin is pumped into the reservoir to force the Karl Fischer reagent in two parallel streams into phase-separation vessels; in this way the reagent does not make contact with the pump tubing. The lower (reagent) phase from the separation vessels flows to the detection system; one stream passes the sample-introduction system and traverses a delay coil. A µflow-through I--selective electrode (Ag2S type) is used for potentiometric measurement, and the differential response is recorded. Calibration standards are included in each series of analyzes to compensate for changes in electrode response as its surface acquires an iodine-containing coating. From 0.01 to 5% (w/w) of water can be determined with a coefficient of variation of 3%, and 50 to 60 samples (e.g., 30 µL) can be analyzed in 1 h; only 0.9 mL of reagent is needed per determination.', 'language' => 'German', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'No', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '0', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 22:07:35', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'NA', 'address' => 'Technische Hochschule 'Carl Schorlemmer', Leuna-Merseburg, Sektion Chemie, 4200 Merseburg, Otto-Nuschke-Str, E.-Germany', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1002/zfch.19840240221', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Determination of water in organic solvents by using the Karl Fischer method with flow injection analysis', Z. Chem., 1984 24(2) 75-76', 'firstchar' => 'D', 'twochars' => 'De', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Keyword' => array([maximum depth reached]) ) ) ) $c = array( 'id' => '006910', 'authors' => 'Alegret, S.;Florido, A.;Lima, J.L.F.C.;Machado, A.A.S.C.', 'authorsweb' => 'S. Alegret*, A. Florido, J. L. F. C. Lima and A. A. S. C. Machado ', 'title' => 'Flow-through tubular iodide- and bromide-selective electrodes based on epoxy-resin heterogeneous membranes', 'journal' => 'Talanta', 'journal_id' => '0569', 'fadid' => 'TALT1989V0036P00825', 'year' => '1989', 'volume' => '36', 'issue' => '8', 'startpage' => '825', 'endpage' => '829', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1275;0451;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0283;0303;', 'keywords' => ';0217;0253;0385;0213;', 'abstract' => 'The electrodes were made from 4-mm lengths of Perspex tubing (1 cm o.d., 8 mm i.d.), which were filled with Ag-containing conductive epoxy-resin to which a shielded cable was then attached. A hole (1.75 mm diameter) was drilled through the centre, which was then packed with powdered AgX - Ag2S mixture (X = I or Br) dispersed in non-conductive epoxy-resin. A central channel (0.75 mm diameter) was then drilled leaving a membrane of 0.5-mm thickness. The response characteristics were evaluated in a low-dispersion flow injection system, and both showed a Nernstian response between 50 µM and 0.1 M with good reproducibility and a rapid response that permitted a sampling rate of 60 h-1. Operational pH ranges for I- and Br- were 2.5 to 11 and 3 to 10, respectively. Interference by several ions is reported; I- must be absent in determinations with the Br- electrode.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '11', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 14:55:17', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00788', 'pauthor' => '!Alegret, S.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1016/0039-9140(89)80162-6', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Flow-through tubular iodide- and bromide-selective electrodes based on epoxy-resin heterogeneous membranes', Talanta, 1989 36(8) 825-829', 'firstchar' => 'F', 'twochars' => 'Fl', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( 'id' => '003713', 'citation_id' => '006910', 'technique_id' => '0303' ), 'Analyte' => array( (int) 0 => array( 'id' => '01275', 'name' => 'Iodide', 'iupac_name' => 'iodide', 'casrn' => '20461-54-5', 'synonyms' => 'iodide ion', 'total' => '85', 'inchi' => 'InChI=1S/HI/h1H/p-1', 'inchikey' => 'XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-M', 'formula' => 'I-', 'oxstate' => '-1', 'url' => '', 'charge' => '-1', 'class1' => 'Element', 'class2' => 'Non-metal', 'class3' => 'Halogen', 'class4' => 'Anion', 'class5' => '', 'isgroup' => '', 'checked' => 'yes', 'citation_count' => '0', 'updated' => '2015-10-23 21:29:44', 'first' => 'I', 'nametotal' => 'Iodide**85', 'AnalytesCitation' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 1 => array( 'id' => '00451', 'name' => 'Bromide', 'iupac_name' => 'bromide', 'casrn' => '24959-67-9', 'synonyms' => 'Bromide; bromide ion; Bromide ion (-1); Bromine, ion;', 'total' => '35', 'inchi' => 'InChI=1S/BrH/h1H/p-1', 'inchikey' => 'CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M', 'formula' => 'Br-', 'oxstate' => '-1', 'url' => '', 'charge' => '-1', 'class1' => 'Element', 'class2' => 'NA', 'class3' => 'NA', 'class4' => 'Anion', 'class5' => 'NA', 'isgroup' => '', 'checked' => 'yes', 'citation_count' => '0', 'updated' => '2015-10-23 09:53:48', 'first' => 'B', 'nametotal' => 'Bromide**35', 'AnalytesCitation' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ) ), 'Matrix' => array(), 'Keyword' => array( (int) 0 => array( 'id' => '0217', 'type' => 'Chemical Process', 'keyword' => 'Interferences', 'newKeyword' => '', 'synonyms' => '', 'fao' => '', 'total' => '1972', 'first' => 'I', 'keytotal' => 'Interferences**1972', 'CitationsKeyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 1 => array( 'id' => '0253', 'type' => 'Membrane', 'keyword' => 'Membrane', 'newKeyword' => '', 'synonyms' => '', 'fao' => '', 'total' => '215', 'first' => 'M', 'keytotal' => 'Membrane**215', 'CitationsKeyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 2 => array( 'id' => '0385', 'type' => 'Resin', 'keyword' => 'Resin', 'newKeyword' => '', 'synonyms' => '', 'fao' => '', 'total' => '189', 'first' => 'R', 'keytotal' => 'Resin**189', 'CitationsKeyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 3 => array( 'id' => '0213', 'type' => 'Manifold process', 'keyword' => 'Injection technique', 'newKeyword' => '', 'synonyms' => '', 'fao' => '', 'total' => '59', 'first' => 'I', 'keytotal' => 'Injection technique**59', 'CitationsKeyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ) ) ) $i = (int) 3 $path = '' $a = '' $url = 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0039-9140(89)80162-6' $aus = 'S. Alegret*, A. Florido, J. L. F. C. Lima and A. A. S. C. Machado 'include - APP/View/Elements/citation.ctp, line 40 View::_evaluate() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 971 View::_render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 933 View::_renderElement() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 1224 View::element() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 418 include - APP/View/Techniques/view.ctp, line 52 View::_evaluate() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 971 View::_render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 933 View::render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 473 Controller::render() - CORE/Cake/Controller/Controller.php, line 968 Dispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/Cake/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 200 Dispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/Cake/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 167 [main] - APP/webroot/index.php, line 109
Abstract:
The electrodes were made from 4-mm lengths of Perspex tubing (1 cm o.d., 8 mm i.d.), which were filled with Ag-containing conductive epoxy-resin to which a shielded cable was then attached. A hole (1.75 mm diameter) was drilled through the centre, which was then packed with powdered AgX - Ag2S mixture (X = I or Br) dispersed in non-conductive epoxy-resin. A central channel (0.75 mm diameter) was then drilled leaving a membrane of 0.5-mm thickness. The response characteristics were evaluated in a low-dispersion flow injection system, and both showed a Nernstian response between 50 µM and 0.1 M with good reproducibility and a rapid response that permitted a sampling rate of 60 h-1. Operational pH ranges for I- and Br- were 2.5 to 11 and 3 to 10, respectively. Interference by several ions is reported; I- must be absent in determinations with the Br- electrode.
Iodide
Bromide
Interferences
Membrane
Resin
Injection technique
"Simultaneous Determination Of Chloride, Bromide, Iodide And Fluoride With Flow Injection - Ion-selective Electrode Systems"
Talanta
1992 Volume 39, Issue 10 Pages 1259-1267
Notice (8): Undefined variable: uid [APP/View/Elements/citation.ctp, line 40]Fadhil M. Najib* and Shireen Othman,Code Context?><?phpif($uid!='') {$viewFile = '/home/stuchalk/public_html/fad/app/View/Elements/citation.ctp' $dataForView = array( 'data' => array( 'Technique' => array( 'id' => '0303', 'label' => 'Electrode', 'level1' => 'Electrode', 'level2' => 'ion selective', 'level3' => 'iodide', 'level4' => '', 'level5' => '', 'synonyms' => 'Ion selective electrode,ISE', 'champ' => '', 'total' => '21', 'updated' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'name' => 'Electrode, ion selective, iodide', 'nametotal' => 'Electrode, ion selective, iodide**21', 'first' => 'E' ), 'Citation' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 1 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 2 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 3 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 4 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 5 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 6 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 7 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 8 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 9 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 10 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 11 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 12 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 13 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 14 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 15 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 16 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 17 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 18 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 19 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 20 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ) ), 'c' => array( 'id' => '006998', 'authors' => 'Najib, F.M.;Othman, S.', 'authorsweb' => 'Fadhil M. Najib* and Shireen Othman, ', 'title' => 'Simultaneous determination of chloride, bromide, iodide and fluoride with flow injection - ion-selective electrode systems', 'journal' => 'Talanta', 'journal_id' => '0569', 'fadid' => 'TALT1992V0039P01259', 'year' => '1992', 'volume' => '39', 'issue' => '10', 'startpage' => '1259', 'endpage' => '1267', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0594;0451;1275;0982;', 'matrices' => ';0372;', 'techniques' => ';0283;0290;0298;0303;', 'keywords' => ';0258;0320;0217;', 'abstract' => 'Electrodes for Cl-, Br- and I- were constructed (preparation described) from Ag2 - AgCl or AgBr (1:1) and Ag2S - AgI (1:3); for F- a commercial electrode was used. By combining the electrodes and suppressor columns of AgCl and amalgamated Pb, the ions were simultaneously determined in a carrier stream (0.5 mL min-1) of e.g. 0.1 M HClO4 at pH 4.0. The calibration graphs were rectilinear down to 100, 5, 1 and 5 µM for Cl-, Br-, I- and F-, respectively. The reproducibility was 1% for the determination of the halides in eight water samples, the results agreed well with those obtained by three reference methods. Flow-through ion-selective electrodes were constructed from compressed pellets (8-10 mm thick, 13 mm diameter, 10 tons/cm2 pressure) of Ag2S/AgX (X = Cl-, Br- or I-) drilled longitudinally (1.5 mm diameter hole) to be suitable for use in flow injection analysis. A column of AgCl (5.5 cm long, 2-3 mm internal diameter) was included in the Cl- electrode manifold to remove interferences from 10^-4 M Br- and 3 x 10^-5 M I- and S2-. A column of amalgamated lead (2-3 cm long, 2-3 mm internal diameter) was used in the Br--electrode manifold to remove interference from 2 x 10^-5 M I-, 3 x 10^-5 M S2- and 7 x 10^-4 M Cl-. These columns and the addition of ascorbic acid were not required when I- was determined with the iodide electrode. The carrier stream was 0.1 M sodium perchlorate (pH 4) at a flow-rate of 0.5 mL/min. The sample pH could be 4-7. Simultaneous determination of Cl- and I-, Cl-, I- and Br-, and Cl-, I-, Br- and F- ions was possible with combinations of the corresponding electrodes and columns in series and/or parallel in specially designed manifolds. Calibration plots were linear, with almost theoretical slopes, down to 10^-6 M I-, 5 x 10^-6 M Br-, 10^-4 M Cl- and 5 x 10^-6 M F-, with precision better than 1%. Sampling rates for single-ion determinations were 72, 102, 90 and 80 per h for the one-, two-, three- and four-electrode systems respectively. Determinations of these ions in water samples by the recommended procedure and by established batch methods showed no significant difference at the 95% confidence limits in a paired comparison t-test.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '28', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 14:59:47', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'Najib, F.M.', 'address' => 'Department of Chemistry, University of Salahaddin, Arbil, Iraq', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1016/0039-9140(92)80234-5', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Simultaneous determination of chloride, bromide, iodide and fluoride with flow injection - ion-selective electrode systems', Talanta, 1992 39(10) 1259-1267', 'firstchar' => 'S', 'twochars' => 'Si', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( 'id' => '003834', 'citation_id' => '006998', 'technique_id' => '0303' ), 'Analyte' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 1 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 2 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 3 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), 'Matrix' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), 'Keyword' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 1 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 2 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ) ), 'i' => (int) 4 ) $data = array( 'Technique' => array( 'id' => '0303', 'label' => 'Electrode', 'level1' => 'Electrode', 'level2' => 'ion selective', 'level3' => 'iodide', 'level4' => '', 'level5' => '', 'synonyms' => 'Ion selective electrode,ISE', 'champ' => '', 'total' => '21', 'updated' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'name' => 'Electrode, ion selective, iodide', 'nametotal' => 'Electrode, ion selective, iodide**21', 'first' => 'E' ), 'Citation' => array( (int) 0 => array( 'id' => '003989', 'authors' => 'Trojanowicz, M.A.;Matuszewski, W.;Hulanicki, A.', 'authorsweb' => 'Marek Trojanowicz, Wojciech Matuszewski and Adam Hulanicki', 'title' => 'Flow injection potentiometric determination of residual chlorine in water', 'journal' => 'Anal. Chim. Acta', 'journal_id' => '0584', 'fadid' => 'ANCA1982V0136P00085', 'year' => '1982', 'volume' => '136', 'issue' => '1', 'startpage' => '85', 'endpage' => '92 ', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0597;', 'matrices' => ';0372;', 'techniques' => ';0192;0303;0400;', 'keywords' => '', 'abstract' => 'Residual chlorine is measured in water by using a potentiometric system composed of an iodide-selective electrode and a platinum electrode sensing the iodine-iodide ratio. When the sample is added to acidified iodide solution, the cell response is in a logarithmic relation to the iodine concentration which in turn depends on the concentration of residual chlorine. In the flow injection system evolved, 0.1-5.0 mg L-1 residual chlorine can be determined at a rate of 40-60 samples per hour. The results of potentiometric determinations of residual chlorine in tap water compared to spectrophotometric results suggest that the presence of various organic substances is responsible for discrepancies between these measurements.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '9', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 15:43:35', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00320', 'pauthor' => '!Trojanowicz, M.A.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1016/S0003-2670(01)95366-8', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Flow injection potentiometric determination of residual chlorine in water', Anal. Chim. Acta, 1982 136(1) 85-92 ', 'firstchar' => 'F', 'twochars' => 'Fl', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Keyword' => array([maximum depth reached]) ), (int) 1 => array( 'id' => '005156', 'authors' => 'Figuerola, E.;Florido, A.;Aguilar, M.;De Pablo, J.;Alegret, S.', 'authorsweb' => 'E. Figuerola, A. Florido, M. Aguilar and J. De Pablo, S. Alegret', 'title' => 'Sequential flow injection determination of cyanide and weak metal cyanide complexes with flow-through heterogeneous membrane electrodes', 'journal' => 'Anal. Chim. Acta', 'journal_id' => '0584', 'fadid' => 'ANCA1988V0215P00283', 'year' => '1988', 'volume' => '215', 'issue' => '1-2', 'startpage' => '283', 'endpage' => '288', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0716;0717;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0127;0303;0400;', 'keywords' => ';0173;0217;0302;0212;0258;', 'abstract' => 'Two I--selective heterogeneous epoxy-based membrane flow-through electrodes were placed before and after a gas diffusion unit in a flow injection system for determination of free and total CN-. The CN--containing sample was injected into a KNO3 carrier solution and free CN- was determined by the first flow-through electrode. The solution was then treated with the HCl stream in the reaction coil. The HCN evolved passed through the gas-permeable membrane in the diffusion unit and was collected in an alkaline solution, where the CN- was measured by the second flow-through electrode. Under optimum conditions, the response was rectilinear from 10 µM to 1 mM CN- and the coefficient of variation were ~2% with a sampling rate of 20 h-1. Total CN- could be determined in the presence of Zn, Cu(II) and Cd but results were low in the presence of Ni, Co(II) and Fe(III). Sulfide and SCN- were not tolerated. The reproducibility was worse than that of spectrophotometric detection but the method could be used over a wider concentration. range and was more suitable for an online control monitoring system.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '2', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 15:55:59', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'NA', 'address' => '?', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1016/S0003-2670(00)85287-3', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Sequential flow injection determination of cyanide and weak metal cyanide complexes with flow-through heterogeneous membrane electrodes', Anal. Chim. Acta, 1988 215(1-2) 283-288', 'firstchar' => 'S', 'twochars' => 'Se', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 2 => array( 'id' => '005694', 'authors' => 'Van Staden, J.F.', 'authorsweb' => 'Jacobus F. van Staden', 'title' => 'Response time phenomena of coated open-tubular solid-state silver halide-selective electrodes and their influence on sample dispersion in flow injection analysis', 'journal' => 'Anal. Chim. Acta', 'journal_id' => '0584', 'fadid' => 'ANCA1992V0261P00381', 'year' => '1992', 'volume' => '261', 'issue' => '1-2', 'startpage' => '381', 'endpage' => '390', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0451;0594;1275;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0283;0290;0303;', 'keywords' => ';0302;0410;0119;', 'abstract' => 'A comparative study has been made of the response times of coated open-tubular Ag membrane electrodes selective towards Cl-, Br- or I- (cf. Ibid., 1986, 179, 407) as they affect the throughput of flow injection analysis systems. The tubular indicator electrodes were used in conjunction with an Orion 90-02 double-junction reference electrode with 10% KNO3 solution in its outer chamber. The digitized signals were smoothed by applying the DS (data sets) Cat and Smooth operations of the ASYST software; typical background-corrected graphs for the flow injection measurement of halides (10 to 5000 mg l-1) are reproduced. Examination of the leading edges of the various peaks showed that their rate of response was independent of concentration. and did not significantly decrease the sampling rate, although the response of the Br- electrode at the initial peak-formation stages near the baseline was slightly slower than that of the others. The rate of response of the trailing edges was mainly responsible for the sampling rate in an optimized flow injection system, and the I- electrode showed a memory effect, which was largely responsible for the low sampling rate of this system compared with similar systems with the other two electrodes. The contribution of the memory effect or response time phenomena of coated open-tubular solid state chloride-, bromide-, and iodide-selective electrodes on the anal. output in flow injection systems are presented for concentration. ranges between 10 and 5000 mg L-1. The rate of response for the leading edges of all three electrodes due to electrode properties are independent of concentration. and do not contribute significantly to any decrease in sampling rate, although the rate of response of the bromide-selective electrode flow injection analysis (FIA) system seems to be slightly slower than the other two electrode systems at the initial peak-formation stages near the base line. The rate of response for the tailing edges of the different electrodes due to electrode properties is mainly responsible for the sampling rate obtained in an optimized FIA-ISE system. The memory effect of the iodide-selective electrode is mainly responsible for the fact that the sampling rate of this system is very much lower than the sampling rate obtained for similar systems with the other two electrodes. For the bromide-selective electrode system, the slower rate of response due to electrode properties at the tailing edges (especially with high concentrations of bromide) than that of the chloride-selective electrode, contributes mainly to a lower sampling output for the bromide-selective electrode-FIA system when compared with the chloride electrode system.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '6', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 16:06:13', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00328', 'pauthor' => '!Van Staden, J.F.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1016/0003-2670(92)80217-U', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Response time phenomena of coated open-tubular solid-state silver halide-selective electrodes and their influence on sample dispersion in flow injection analysis', Anal. Chim. Acta, 1992 261(1-2) 381-390', 'firstchar' => 'R', 'twochars' => 'Re', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 3 => array( 'id' => '006910', 'authors' => 'Alegret, S.;Florido, A.;Lima, J.L.F.C.;Machado, A.A.S.C.', 'authorsweb' => 'S. Alegret*, A. Florido, J. L. F. C. Lima and A. A. S. C. Machado ', 'title' => 'Flow-through tubular iodide- and bromide-selective electrodes based on epoxy-resin heterogeneous membranes', 'journal' => 'Talanta', 'journal_id' => '0569', 'fadid' => 'TALT1989V0036P00825', 'year' => '1989', 'volume' => '36', 'issue' => '8', 'startpage' => '825', 'endpage' => '829', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1275;0451;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0283;0303;', 'keywords' => ';0217;0253;0385;0213;', 'abstract' => 'The electrodes were made from 4-mm lengths of Perspex tubing (1 cm o.d., 8 mm i.d.), which were filled with Ag-containing conductive epoxy-resin to which a shielded cable was then attached. A hole (1.75 mm diameter) was drilled through the centre, which was then packed with powdered AgX - Ag2S mixture (X = I or Br) dispersed in non-conductive epoxy-resin. A central channel (0.75 mm diameter) was then drilled leaving a membrane of 0.5-mm thickness. The response characteristics were evaluated in a low-dispersion flow injection system, and both showed a Nernstian response between 50 µM and 0.1 M with good reproducibility and a rapid response that permitted a sampling rate of 60 h-1. Operational pH ranges for I- and Br- were 2.5 to 11 and 3 to 10, respectively. Interference by several ions is reported; I- must be absent in determinations with the Br- electrode.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '11', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 14:55:17', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00788', 'pauthor' => '!Alegret, S.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1016/0039-9140(89)80162-6', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Flow-through tubular iodide- and bromide-selective electrodes based on epoxy-resin heterogeneous membranes', Talanta, 1989 36(8) 825-829', 'firstchar' => 'F', 'twochars' => 'Fl', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 4 => array( 'id' => '006998', 'authors' => 'Najib, F.M.;Othman, S.', 'authorsweb' => 'Fadhil M. Najib* and Shireen Othman, ', 'title' => 'Simultaneous determination of chloride, bromide, iodide and fluoride with flow injection - ion-selective electrode systems', 'journal' => 'Talanta', 'journal_id' => '0569', 'fadid' => 'TALT1992V0039P01259', 'year' => '1992', 'volume' => '39', 'issue' => '10', 'startpage' => '1259', 'endpage' => '1267', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0594;0451;1275;0982;', 'matrices' => ';0372;', 'techniques' => ';0283;0290;0298;0303;', 'keywords' => ';0258;0320;0217;', 'abstract' => 'Electrodes for Cl-, Br- and I- were constructed (preparation described) from Ag2 - AgCl or AgBr (1:1) and Ag2S - AgI (1:3); for F- a commercial electrode was used. By combining the electrodes and suppressor columns of AgCl and amalgamated Pb, the ions were simultaneously determined in a carrier stream (0.5 mL min-1) of e.g. 0.1 M HClO4 at pH 4.0. The calibration graphs were rectilinear down to 100, 5, 1 and 5 µM for Cl-, Br-, I- and F-, respectively. The reproducibility was 1% for the determination of the halides in eight water samples, the results agreed well with those obtained by three reference methods. Flow-through ion-selective electrodes were constructed from compressed pellets (8-10 mm thick, 13 mm diameter, 10 tons/cm2 pressure) of Ag2S/AgX (X = Cl-, Br- or I-) drilled longitudinally (1.5 mm diameter hole) to be suitable for use in flow injection analysis. A column of AgCl (5.5 cm long, 2-3 mm internal diameter) was included in the Cl- electrode manifold to remove interferences from 10^-4 M Br- and 3 x 10^-5 M I- and S2-. A column of amalgamated lead (2-3 cm long, 2-3 mm internal diameter) was used in the Br--electrode manifold to remove interference from 2 x 10^-5 M I-, 3 x 10^-5 M S2- and 7 x 10^-4 M Cl-. These columns and the addition of ascorbic acid were not required when I- was determined with the iodide electrode. The carrier stream was 0.1 M sodium perchlorate (pH 4) at a flow-rate of 0.5 mL/min. The sample pH could be 4-7. Simultaneous determination of Cl- and I-, Cl-, I- and Br-, and Cl-, I-, Br- and F- ions was possible with combinations of the corresponding electrodes and columns in series and/or parallel in specially designed manifolds. Calibration plots were linear, with almost theoretical slopes, down to 10^-6 M I-, 5 x 10^-6 M Br-, 10^-4 M Cl- and 5 x 10^-6 M F-, with precision better than 1%. Sampling rates for single-ion determinations were 72, 102, 90 and 80 per h for the one-, two-, three- and four-electrode systems respectively. Determinations of these ions in water samples by the recommended procedure and by established batch methods showed no significant difference at the 95% confidence limits in a paired comparison t-test.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '28', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 14:59:47', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'Najib, F.M.', 'address' => 'Department of Chemistry, University of Salahaddin, Arbil, Iraq', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1016/0039-9140(92)80234-5', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Simultaneous determination of chloride, bromide, iodide and fluoride with flow injection - ion-selective electrode systems', Talanta, 1992 39(10) 1259-1267', 'firstchar' => 'S', 'twochars' => 'Si', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 5 => array( 'id' => '007457', 'authors' => 'Christopoulos, T.K.;Diamandis, E.P.', 'authorsweb' => 'Theodore K. Christopoulos and Eleftherios P. Diamandis', 'title' => 'Flow-through units for solid-state, liquid and PVC matrix membrane ion-selective electrodes to minimize streaming potentials', 'journal' => 'Analyst', 'journal_id' => '0864', 'fadid' => 'ANAL1987V0112P01293', 'year' => '1987', 'volume' => '112', 'issue' => '9', 'startpage' => '1293', 'endpage' => '1298', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1275;1757;1978;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0303;0315;0156;', 'keywords' => ';0258;0397;', 'abstract' => 'Three flow-through units were constructed (diagrams given) and evaluated for electrode membranes sensitive to iodide (solid), perchlorate (liquid) and propantheline (PVC matrix), respectively. Streaming potential oscillations were reduced to 0.2 mV by siting the sensing membrane as near as possible to the external reference electrolyte - sample solution contact zone. Air-segmented streams were used to study the effect of flow rates of 1.74, 3.64 and 6.7 mL min-1. Sampling rates of up to 60, 120 and 240 h-1, respectively, were achieved.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '0', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 00:02:43', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => '!Diamondis, E.P.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1039/an9871201293', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Flow-through units for solid-state, liquid and PVC matrix membrane ion-selective electrodes to minimize streaming potentials', Analyst, 1987 112(9) 1293-1298', 'firstchar' => 'F', 'twochars' => 'Fl', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 6 => array( 'id' => '007658', 'authors' => 'Davey, D.E.;Mulcahy, D.E.;O'Connell, G.R.', 'authorsweb' => 'David E. Davey, Dennis E. Mulcahy and Gregory R. O'Connell', 'title' => 'Effect of flow injection parameters on the selectivity of an iodide-selective electrode', 'journal' => 'Analyst', 'journal_id' => '0864', 'fadid' => 'ANAL1992V0117P00761', 'year' => '1992', 'volume' => '117', 'issue' => '4', 'startpage' => '761', 'endpage' => '765', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1275;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0303;', 'keywords' => ';0398;0217;0302;', 'abstract' => 'The effects of sample loop volume, flow rate, carrier I- concentration, interferents, solution pH and temperature were studied, with selectivity coefficient being measured for Br-, SCN- and thiosulfate. Samples of 100 µL should be mixed with a 1 µM-KI carrier and a 0.1 M KNO3 reagent stream flowing at a combined rate of 6 to 7 mL min-1 in either neutral or acid solution at 20°C. A study has been carried out on the influence of several experimental parameters on the selectivity of a homogeneous membrane iodide-selective electrode operating under flow injection conditions. Selectivity coefficients were measured for bromide, thiocyanate and thiosulfate by use of a mixed-solution technique, with the effects of sample loop volume, flow rate, carrier iodide concentration, interferent activity, solution pH and temperature being investigated in turn. When the flow system was optimized, it proved possible to double the selectivity of the electrode towards iodide. Facets of the observed behavior were found to correlate well with existing theories on the time-dependent response of solid-state ion-selective electrodes. Peak profiles were also examined, with particular attention being given to the potential excursions or 'overshoots' recorded when mixed solutions of low iodide activity were injected into the flow stream.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '2', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 08:32:42', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'NA', 'address' => 'Sch. Chem. Technol., Univ. South Australia, The Levels, 5095, Australia', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1039/an9921700761', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Effect of flow injection parameters on the selectivity of an iodide-selective electrode', Analyst, 1992 117(4) 761-765', 'firstchar' => 'E', 'twochars' => 'Ef', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 7 => array( 'id' => '008266', 'authors' => 'Alexander, P.W.;Seegopaul, P.', 'authorsweb' => 'Peter W. Alexander and Purneshwar Seegopaul', 'title' => 'Rapid-flow continuous analysis with ion-selective electrodes', 'journal' => 'Anal. Chem.', 'journal_id' => '0499', 'fadid' => 'ANCH1980V0052P02403', 'year' => '1980', 'volume' => '52', 'issue' => '14', 'startpage' => '2403', 'endpage' => '2406', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1275;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0303;', 'keywords' => '', 'abstract' => 'A study of rapid sampling in a continuous-flow system is reported with an iodide solid-state electrode as a continuous sensor. The system is operated by consecutive manual aspiration of sample and wash solutions into a flow manifold with air segmentation to reduce carry-over. The design features and flow rates used in the operation of the system are described, and it is found that sampling rates up to 360/h are permissible with flow rates as low as 9.2 mL min-1. The concept of combining rapid flow with air segmentation is shown to give an Improved method for achieving rapid sampling with electrode detection in a continuous-flow system with advantages over the more complex bubble-gating and flow-injection techniques currently in use.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2014-11-12 21:24:23', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '8', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 18:32:10', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00008', 'pauthor' => '!Alexander, P.W.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => 'Not DOI assigned. Use issue url', 'url' => '10.1021/ac50064a038', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Rapid-flow continuous analysis with ion-selective electrodes', Anal. Chem., 1980 52(14) 2403-2406', 'firstchar' => 'R', 'twochars' => 'Ra', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array([maximum depth reached]) ), (int) 8 => array( 'id' => '008892', 'authors' => 'Van Staden, J.F.', 'authorsweb' => 'Jacobus F. van Staden', 'title' => 'Incorporation of a coated tubular solid-state iodide selective electrode into the conduits of a flow injection system', 'journal' => 'Fresenius J. Anal. Chem.', 'journal_id' => '0944', 'fadid' => 'FJAC1986V0325P00247', 'year' => '1986', 'volume' => '325', 'issue' => '3', 'startpage' => '247', 'endpage' => '251', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1275;', 'matrices' => ';0473;', 'techniques' => ';0303;0400;', 'keywords' => ';0043;0090;0302;0354;0223;0054;', 'abstract' => 'A tubular flow-through electrode (5 mm long, 2 mm i.d.) prepared by depositing AgI on silver foil and connected to an Orion Research microprocessor Ionalyzer with an Orion double-junction reference electrode was incorporated in a flow injection system (diagram given) capable of 90 samples h-1. Samples and ionic-strength-adjustment buffer were fed by a peristaltic pump with a pulse suppression system. Optimum sensitivity and response were obtained with 0.1 M KNO3 - 0.02 M acetic acid buffer. Response of carefully conditioned electrodes was rectilinear from 5 to 5000 mg L-1 of I-; they were stable and needed little maintenance. Analyses of iodized table salt agreed reasonably with quoted I- concentration, with a coefficient of variation of <1.8% (n = 15). The practical range was 5 to 2000 mg l-1.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '15', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 00:20:33', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00328', 'pauthor' => '!Van Staden, J.F.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1007/BF00498166', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Incorporation of a coated tubular solid-state iodide selective electrode into the conduits of a flow injection system', Fresenius J. Anal. Chem., 1986 325(3) 247-251', 'firstchar' => 'I', 'twochars' => 'In', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 9 => array( 'id' => '008904', 'authors' => 'Trojanowicz, M.A.;Frenzel, W.', 'authorsweb' => 'Marek Trojanowicz and Wolfgang Frenzel', 'title' => 'Flow injection potentiometry for low level measurements in the presence of sensed ion in the carrier', 'journal' => 'Fresenius J. Anal. Chem.', 'journal_id' => '0944', 'fadid' => 'FJAC1987V0328P00653', 'year' => '1987', 'volume' => '328', 'issue' => '8', 'startpage' => '653', 'endpage' => '656', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0982;1275;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0298;0303;0400;', 'keywords' => ';0464;', 'abstract' => 'A theoretical treatment based on the Nikolski equation is presented for the response of ion-sensitive electrodes in flow injection analysis, and the predictions are compared with experimental results obtained with a F--selective electrode and 0.2 M NaCl - 0.2 M acetate buffer (pH 5.2) containing F- (100 µg l-1) as carrier and with an I--selective electrode and a carrier of 0.2 M KNO3 containing ascorbic acid (1 g l-1) and I- (100 µg l-1). Measurements were made in a single-line manifold with a variable length of tubing (0.8 mm i.d.) and an injected volume of 100 µL. Significant deviations due to slow response were observed, but it is possible to linearize the calibration graph for low-dispersion systems and the electrodes can be used, with limited sensitivity, in the µg L-1 concentration. range.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '21', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 00:20:53', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00320', 'pauthor' => '!Trojanowicz, M.A.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1007/BF00488664', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Flow injection potentiometry for low level measurements in the presence of sensed ion in the carrier', Fresenius J. Anal. Chem., 1987 328(8) 653-656', 'firstchar' => 'F', 'twochars' => 'Fl', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 10 => array( 'id' => '008907', 'authors' => 'Ilcheva, L.;Trojanowicz, M.A.;Krawczynski Vel Krawczyk, T.', 'authorsweb' => 'Liliana Ilcheva, Marek Trojanowicz and Tadeusz Krawczynski vel Krawczyk', 'title' => 'Effect of addition of main ion to carrier solution in potentiometric flow injection measurements with solid state ion-selective electrodes', 'journal' => 'Fresenius J. Anal. Chem.', 'journal_id' => '0944', 'fadid' => 'FJAC1987V0328P00027', 'year' => '1987', 'volume' => '328', 'issue' => '1-2', 'startpage' => '27', 'endpage' => '32', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0982;0594;1275;0684;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0238;0290;0295;0298;0303;0400;', 'keywords' => ';0401;0464;', 'abstract' => 'Flow injection measurements were made by using a flow-through cup (described and illustrated) and Cl--, F--, I-- and Cu(II)-selective electrodes. The addition of the main ion to the carrier solution to create a constant background level of main ion produces a significant improvement in response for the F-- and I--selective electrodes. However, a very slow return of the potential value to the baseline is observed for I- measurements; this is attributable to the slow desorption of I- from the electrode surface. The super-Nernstian slope observed for the F-- and Cu(II)-selective electrodes in the absence of F- or Cu(II) in the carrier solution decreased to Nernstian values in the presence of the ions in the carrier solution', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '27', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 00:20:46', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00320', 'pauthor' => '!Trojanowicz, M.A.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1007/BF00560942', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Effect of addition of main ion to carrier solution in potentiometric flow injection measurements with solid state ion-selective electrodes', Fresenius J. Anal. Chem., 1987 328(1-2) 27-32', 'firstchar' => 'E', 'twochars' => 'Ef', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 11 => array( 'id' => '009866', 'authors' => 'Davey, D.E.;Mulcahy, D.E.;O'Connell, G.R.', 'authorsweb' => 'David E. Davey, Dennis E. Mulcahy, Gregory R. O'Connell', 'title' => 'Comparison of detector cell configurations in flow injection potentiometry', 'journal' => 'Electroanalysis', 'journal_id' => '1003', 'fadid' => 'ELAN1993V0005P00581', 'year' => '1993', 'volume' => '5', 'issue' => '7', 'startpage' => '581', 'endpage' => '588', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1275;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0400;0303;', 'keywords' => ';0258;', 'abstract' => 'A solid-state iodide-selective electrode was used to compare the performances of flow-through, edge-jet and wall-jet detector cell configurations in FIA. Cell volume of 4-210 µL were studied with flow streams of 1.7 or 3.2 ml/min and injections of 0.1 M KI were made into a flow stream of 10 µM-KI or of 0.1 M KNO3. Similarly good results were obtained for each configuration in the cell volume range 4-63 µL at 1.7 ml/min or 4-120 µL at 3.2 ml/min, but best results were given generally under thin-layer flow conditions which occurred in the cell volume range 4-33 µL. The range of cell volume that could yield steady data decreased in the order edge-jet, wall-jet, flow-through configuration.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '7', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 14:09:26', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00106', 'pauthor' => '!Davey, D.E.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1002/elan.1140050709', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'no', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Comparison of detector cell configurations in flow injection potentiometry', Electroanalysis, 1993 5(7) 581-588', 'firstchar' => 'C', 'twochars' => 'Co', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 12 => array( 'id' => '009877', 'authors' => 'Daunert, S.;Florido, A.;Bricker, J.;Dunaway, W.;Bachas, L.G.;Valiente, M.', 'authorsweb' => 'Sylvia Daunert, Antonio Florido, Jordi Bricker, Wes Dunaway, Leonidas G. Bachas, Manuel Valiente', 'title' => 'Iodide-selective electrodes based on a mercury - tri-isobutylphosphine sulfide complex', 'journal' => 'Electroanalysis', 'journal_id' => '1003', 'fadid' => 'ELAN1993V0005P00839', 'year' => '1993', 'volume' => '5', 'issue' => '9-10', 'startpage' => '839', 'endpage' => '843', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';2324;1275;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0303;0400;', 'keywords' => '', 'abstract' => 'Tri-isobutylphosphine sulfide - Hg complex-based ISE were prepared (described) and were used in conjunction with an Orion 90-02-00 double-junction reference electrode. Batchwise potentiometric measurements were made in 0.1 M 2-morpholinoethanesulfonic acid (I)/NaOH buffers of pH 5.5, 6 or 6.5 or 0.1 M NaH2PO4/NaOH buffers of pH 6 or 6.5. Various Hg complex/PVC/plasticizer/DMF/THF mixtures were also used to prepare a membrane within a flow-through tubular electrode made from Epo-Tek 410 Ag-based conductive epoxy. This membrane electrode was used for detection in FIA. ISE containing 4% of ionophore showed near-Nernstian response to thiocyanate in all three I buffers and the detection limit was 2-4 µM, slightly better than in the phosphate buffers (detection limit of 5 µM-thiocyanate). Response times averaged 1 min for thiocyanate and 12 min for iodide. In FIA, the best signals were obtained with 100 µL sample injections and a carrier flow rate of 3.3 ml/min; with a membrane containing 4% of ionophore, the peak heights were reproducible to within ±1 mV for three injections at a given concentration.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '7', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 14:09:32', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00857', 'pauthor' => '!Bachas, L.G.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1002/elan.1140050919', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'no', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Iodide-selective electrodes based on a mercury - tri-isobutylphosphine sulfide complex', Electroanalysis, 1993 5(9-10) 839-843', 'firstchar' => 'I', 'twochars' => 'Io', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array([maximum depth reached]) ), (int) 13 => array( 'id' => '009899', 'authors' => 'Davey, D.E.;Mulcahy, D.E.;O'Connell, G.R.;Smart, R.S.', 'authorsweb' => 'David E. Davey, Dennis E. Mulcahy, Gregory R. O'Connell, Roger StC. Smart', 'title' => 'A flow injection/XPS investigation of the effect of redox equilibria on the selectivity of an iodide-selective electrode', 'journal' => 'Electroanalysis', 'journal_id' => '1003', 'fadid' => 'ELAN1995V0007P00461', 'year' => '1995', 'volume' => '7', 'issue' => '5', 'startpage' => '461', 'endpage' => '470', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1275;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0303;0400;', 'keywords' => ';0217;0377;0398;', 'abstract' => 'Bromide, thiocyanate and thiosulfate were studied as three moderately-interfering species. The flow injection (FI) manifold was as described earlier (Pure Appl. Chem, 1976, 48, 129). Potentiometric measurements were made with an Orion Research Model 710A digital pH/mV meter and the Orion 94-06A iodide ISE was used for most of the FI work. Neutral and acidified iodate and bromate oxidant streams increased the selectivity of the iodide electrode towards the interferents. Use of ascorbic acid or metabisulfite reducing streams resulted in a greater degree of selectivity towards iodide than was obtained with either of the neutral oxidant streams but a lower degree of selectivity than was obtained when a simple nitrate reagent stream was present. Thiosulfate damaged the surface of the electrode irreparably, with a concomitant excessive peak broadening in the FI experiment and very poor baseline recovery.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '8', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 14:10:24', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '01201', 'pauthor' => '!O'Connell, G.R.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1002/elan.1140070510', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'no', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''A flow injection/XPS investigation of the effect of redox equilibria on the selectivity of an iodide-selective electrode', Electroanalysis, 1995 7(5) 461-470', 'firstchar' => 'A', 'twochars' => 'A ', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 14 => array( 'id' => '009912', 'authors' => 'Davey, D.E.;Mulcahy, D.E.;O'Connell, G.R.', 'authorsweb' => 'David E. Davey, Dennis E. Mulcahy, Gregory R. O'Connell*', 'title' => 'Effect of membrane composition on the flow injection response of an ion-selective electrode: a comparative study based an selectivity coefficients calculated using a data linearization technique', 'journal' => 'Electroanalysis', 'journal_id' => '1003', 'fadid' => 'ELAN1996V0008P00274', 'year' => '1996', 'volume' => '8', 'issue' => '3', 'startpage' => '274', 'endpage' => '279', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1275;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0303;0284;0330;0400;', 'keywords' => ';0217;', 'abstract' => 'Portions of 100 µL of iodide solutions containing 100 mM bromide, thiocyanate and thiosulfate as interferents were injected into carrier and reagent streams (total flow 6.6 ml/min) of 1 µM-KI and 100 mM KNO3, and iodide detected using a variety of purpose made AgI/Ag2S (details given) and commercially available iodide, sulfide and cadmium ISE. Calibration graphs of the respective ISE responses are presented. Most sensors showed good analytical performance, excepting that prepared from a 3:1 AgI/Ag2S membrane.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '8', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 14:10:51', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '01201', 'pauthor' => '!O'Connell, G.R.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1002/elan.1140080313', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Effect of membrane composition on the flow injection response of an ion-selective electrode: a comparative study based an selectivity coefficients calculated using a data linearization technique', Electroanalysis, 1996 8(3) 274-279', 'firstchar' => 'E', 'twochars' => 'Ef', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 15 => array( 'id' => '009940', 'authors' => 'Di Benedetto, L.T.;Dimitrakopoulos, T.', 'authorsweb' => 'Lucy Tina Di Benedetto, Telis Dimitrakopoulos*', 'title' => 'Evaluation of a new wall-jet flow-through cell for commercial ion-selective electrodes in flow injection potentiometry', 'journal' => 'Electroanalysis', 'journal_id' => '1003', 'fadid' => 'ELAN1997V0009P00179', 'year' => '1997', 'volume' => '9', 'issue' => '2', 'startpage' => '179', 'endpage' => '182', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0205;0487;1275;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0400;0285;0303;', 'keywords' => ';0167;0043;', 'abstract' => 'The cited poly(methyl methacrylate) cell (28 x 25 x 35 mm) which can accommodate commercial gas-sensing, liquid polymer membrane and solid-state-based ISE is described (diagram given). The cell contains a 1 mm i.d. Ag/AgCl wire reference electrode and the dead volume of the ISE compartment is 18 µL. Two separate inlets and flow channels are used to carry the sample and reference solutions to the ISE and reference electrode, respectively, after which the streams are merged and carried to waste. The analysis rate was up to 240 samples/h and injection volumes >=50 µL are recommended. An Orion 95-12 ammonia ISE was used in the cell with a sample injection volume of 100 µL and 1 M KOH/1 µM-NH4Cl and 1 M KCl as carrier and reference solutions, respectively, e.g., at total flow rate of 1.8 ml/min. Calibration graphs of potential vs. log. NH3 concentration were linear for 0.1-10 mM NH3 and peak height RSD were 0.4-3.5%. The flow cell was also used to determine Ca and iodide using appropriate ISE.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '9', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 14:11:38', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00943', 'pauthor' => '!Dimitrakopoulos, T.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1002/elan.1140090219', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Evaluation of a new wall-jet flow-through cell for commercial ion-selective electrodes in flow injection potentiometry', Electroanalysis, 1997 9(2) 179-182', 'firstchar' => 'E', 'twochars' => 'Ev', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 16 => array( 'id' => '011126', 'authors' => 'Ilcheva, L.K.;Cammann, K.;Georgieva, T.', 'authorsweb' => 'NA', 'title' => 'Iodide selective electrode in flow injection system', 'journal' => 'Analusis', 'journal_id' => '0562', 'fadid' => 'ANLU1988V0016P00101', 'year' => '1988', 'volume' => '16', 'issue' => '9-10', 'startpage' => '101', 'endpage' => '104', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1275;', 'matrices' => ';0671;', 'techniques' => ';0303;', 'keywords' => ';0128;0217;', 'abstract' => 'Baseline drift that occurred during use of the I--selective electrode [Seibold 57-17 (Radelkis)] in presence of a high Cl- concentration. could be avoided by use of a flow injection system with the addition of ascorbic acid to the carrier stream. Thus, 50 ppm of I- in high-purity NaCl could be determined by flow injection analysis in a carrier stream (1.7 mL min-1) of 0.1 M NaNO3 containing 0.1 mg L-1 of ascorbic acid with use of the cited electrode. No interference from Cl- memory effects could be detected.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:11:09', 'sjccheck' => 'No', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '0', 'urlcheck' => '2006-05-20 18:43:48', 'urlcheckcode' => '', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'NA', 'address' => 'Higher Chem. Technol. Inst., Dept. Anal. Chem., 1156 Sofia Bulgaria', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => 'NA SJC 102114', 'url' => 'NA', 'urltype' => 'NA', 'gotpdf' => 'no', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Iodide selective electrode in flow injection system', Analusis, 1988 16(9-10) 101-104', 'firstchar' => 'I', 'twochars' => 'Io', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 17 => array( 'id' => '011372', 'authors' => 'Volesky, B.;Emond, C.', 'authorsweb' => 'B. Volesky, C. Emond', 'title' => 'Continuous-flow monitoring of lactose concentration', 'journal' => 'Biotechnol. Bioeng.', 'journal_id' => '0782', 'fadid' => 'BTBE1979V0021P01251', 'year' => '1979', 'volume' => '21', 'issue' => '7', 'startpage' => '1251', 'endpage' => '1276', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1349;', 'matrices' => 'NA', 'techniques' => ';0303;', 'keywords' => ';0258;0217;', 'abstract' => 'A specific continuous-flow analytical system for determination of lactose concentration in a liquid mixture of constituent sugars was developed and tested based on a series of enzymatic reactions. Lactose and glucose oxidase immobilized on a phenol-formaldehyde resin were employed. More detailed study was carried out based on a reaction by-product quantitatively detected by an available iodide electrode. A multichannel proportioning pump fed two independently operated analytical streams eliminating thus the background glucose interference. With a goal of lactose concentration control in a fermentation process, the system response time delay was shortened to approximately 15 min. Apart from optimization of the analytical system operating parameters, the study indicates also the major application problem areas: lactase inhibition by galactose, galactose oxidation by glucose oxidase, and a partial loss of glucose oxidase activity in a prolonged continuous-flow operation. A manual Colorimetric Procedure was employed to verify the results of the potentiometric method.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '2006-08-24 01:57:33', 'hits' => '7', 'urlcheck' => '2014-11-25 23:02:47', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found (Array)', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'NA', 'address' => 'Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada H3A 2A7', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1002/bit.260210713', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'no', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Continuous-flow monitoring of lactose concentration', Biotechnol. Bioeng., 1979 21(7) 1251-1276', 'firstchar' => 'C', 'twochars' => 'Co', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 18 => array( 'id' => '012627', 'authors' => 'Seifert, K.;Dominok, B.;Dominok, G.W.', 'authorsweb' => 'K Seifert, B Dominok, GW Dominok', 'title' => 'Improved methods for determination of fluoride in biological materials', 'journal' => 'Fluoride', 'journal_id' => '1177', 'fadid' => 'FLUR1986V0019P00022', 'year' => '1986', 'volume' => '19', 'issue' => '1', 'startpage' => '22', 'endpage' => '25', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0982;', 'matrices' => ';0262;0160;', 'techniques' => ';0298;0303;0416;', 'keywords' => ';0454;0468;', 'abstract' => 'Fluoride is separated from cartilage or aortic tissues without ashing by an adaptation of the method of Yoshida et al. (Anal. Abstr., 1979, 37, 6B109). The reaction takes place in a closed apparatus comprising a 100 mL flask in series with two gas bubblers, each containing 25 mL of 0.1 M NaOH. The sample, 50 mL of water and two drops of hexamethyldisiloxane are placed in the flask, and 40 mL of concentrated H2SO4 is added to the sample through a dropping funnel. The trimethylsilanol(I) produced reacts with the F- to form fluorotrimethylsilane(II), which is swept by N (50 mL min-1) to the bubblers. II is converted by the alkali back into I, which is extracted into toluene before measurement of the F- so liberated in 0.45 M HClO4 medium with an I--selective electrode. Urine is analyzed directly for F- in 0.5 M HClO4 medium containing 0.001% of Triton X-100 by using two F--selective electrodes in a flow injection system. The latter method was applied to urine of persons drinking fluoridated water or occupationally exposed to F. The former method was applied to tissues from adults and infants, and the results are reported.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '2006-08-06 10:50:14', 'hits' => '7', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-13 12:09:40', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 200 OK', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'Dominok, G.W.', 'address' => 'Institute of Hygiene and Pathology, Cottbus, GDR', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => null, 'url' => 'www.fluorideresearch.org/191/files/FJ1986_v19_n1_p001-050.pdf', 'urltype' => 'pdfurl', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Improved methods for determination of fluoride in biological materials', Fluoride, 1986 19(1) 22-25', 'firstchar' => 'I', 'twochars' => 'Im', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 19 => array( 'id' => '013023', 'authors' => 'Gur'ev, I.A.;Kuleshova, N.V.', 'authorsweb' => 'I. A. Gur'ev and N. V. Kuleshova', 'title' => 'Sorption preconcentration and flow injection determination of cadmium', 'journal' => 'J. Anal. Chem.', 'journal_id' => '0798', 'fadid' => 'JACU1998V0053P00796', 'year' => '1998', 'volume' => '53', 'issue' => '9', 'startpage' => '796', 'endpage' => '799', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0478;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0290;0303;0400;', 'keywords' => ';0212;0089;0398;', 'abstract' => 'A procedure for the flow injection determination of Cd traces in aqueous solutions was developed. The procedure is based on the use of ion-selective electrodes sensitive to chloride or iodide complexes of Cd. Sorption pre-concentration simultaneously transforms Cd to anal. active species, it decreases the limit of detection, and improves the selectivity of determination.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:11:09', 'sjccheck' => 'No', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '15', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-23 18:49:51', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Object moved', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'NA', 'address' => 'Chemistry Department, Nizhni-Novgorod State University, prosp. Gagarina 23, 603600, Nizhni Novgorod, Russia', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => 'Not available on springer', 'url' => 'elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=13280948', 'urltype' => 'absurl', 'gotpdf' => 'no', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Sorption preconcentration and flow injection determination of cadmium', J. Anal. Chem., 1998 53(9) 796-799', 'firstchar' => 'S', 'twochars' => 'So', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 20 => array( 'id' => '014690', 'authors' => 'Muller, H.;Wallaschek, G.', 'authorsweb' => 'Helmut Müller, Günter Wallaschek', 'title' => 'Determination of water in organic solvents by using the Karl Fischer method with flow injection analysis', 'journal' => 'Z. Chem.', 'journal_id' => '0557', 'fadid' => 'ZSCH1984V0024P00075', 'year' => '1984', 'volume' => '24', 'issue' => '2', 'startpage' => '75', 'endpage' => '76', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';2508;', 'matrices' => ';0806;0630;', 'techniques' => ';0303;0337;0400;', 'keywords' => '', 'abstract' => 'Liquid paraffin is pumped into the reservoir to force the Karl Fischer reagent in two parallel streams into phase-separation vessels; in this way the reagent does not make contact with the pump tubing. The lower (reagent) phase from the separation vessels flows to the detection system; one stream passes the sample-introduction system and traverses a delay coil. A µflow-through I--selective electrode (Ag2S type) is used for potentiometric measurement, and the differential response is recorded. Calibration standards are included in each series of analyzes to compensate for changes in electrode response as its surface acquires an iodine-containing coating. From 0.01 to 5% (w/w) of water can be determined with a coefficient of variation of 3%, and 50 to 60 samples (e.g., 30 µL) can be analyzed in 1 h; only 0.9 mL of reagent is needed per determination.', 'language' => 'German', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'No', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '0', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 22:07:35', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'NA', 'address' => 'Technische Hochschule 'Carl Schorlemmer', Leuna-Merseburg, Sektion Chemie, 4200 Merseburg, Otto-Nuschke-Str, E.-Germany', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1002/zfch.19840240221', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Determination of water in organic solvents by using the Karl Fischer method with flow injection analysis', Z. Chem., 1984 24(2) 75-76', 'firstchar' => 'D', 'twochars' => 'De', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Keyword' => array([maximum depth reached]) ) ) ) $c = array( 'id' => '006998', 'authors' => 'Najib, F.M.;Othman, S.', 'authorsweb' => 'Fadhil M. Najib* and Shireen Othman, ', 'title' => 'Simultaneous determination of chloride, bromide, iodide and fluoride with flow injection - ion-selective electrode systems', 'journal' => 'Talanta', 'journal_id' => '0569', 'fadid' => 'TALT1992V0039P01259', 'year' => '1992', 'volume' => '39', 'issue' => '10', 'startpage' => '1259', 'endpage' => '1267', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0594;0451;1275;0982;', 'matrices' => ';0372;', 'techniques' => ';0283;0290;0298;0303;', 'keywords' => ';0258;0320;0217;', 'abstract' => 'Electrodes for Cl-, Br- and I- were constructed (preparation described) from Ag2 - AgCl or AgBr (1:1) and Ag2S - AgI (1:3); for F- a commercial electrode was used. By combining the electrodes and suppressor columns of AgCl and amalgamated Pb, the ions were simultaneously determined in a carrier stream (0.5 mL min-1) of e.g. 0.1 M HClO4 at pH 4.0. The calibration graphs were rectilinear down to 100, 5, 1 and 5 µM for Cl-, Br-, I- and F-, respectively. The reproducibility was 1% for the determination of the halides in eight water samples, the results agreed well with those obtained by three reference methods. Flow-through ion-selective electrodes were constructed from compressed pellets (8-10 mm thick, 13 mm diameter, 10 tons/cm2 pressure) of Ag2S/AgX (X = Cl-, Br- or I-) drilled longitudinally (1.5 mm diameter hole) to be suitable for use in flow injection analysis. A column of AgCl (5.5 cm long, 2-3 mm internal diameter) was included in the Cl- electrode manifold to remove interferences from 10^-4 M Br- and 3 x 10^-5 M I- and S2-. A column of amalgamated lead (2-3 cm long, 2-3 mm internal diameter) was used in the Br--electrode manifold to remove interference from 2 x 10^-5 M I-, 3 x 10^-5 M S2- and 7 x 10^-4 M Cl-. These columns and the addition of ascorbic acid were not required when I- was determined with the iodide electrode. The carrier stream was 0.1 M sodium perchlorate (pH 4) at a flow-rate of 0.5 mL/min. The sample pH could be 4-7. Simultaneous determination of Cl- and I-, Cl-, I- and Br-, and Cl-, I-, Br- and F- ions was possible with combinations of the corresponding electrodes and columns in series and/or parallel in specially designed manifolds. Calibration plots were linear, with almost theoretical slopes, down to 10^-6 M I-, 5 x 10^-6 M Br-, 10^-4 M Cl- and 5 x 10^-6 M F-, with precision better than 1%. Sampling rates for single-ion determinations were 72, 102, 90 and 80 per h for the one-, two-, three- and four-electrode systems respectively. Determinations of these ions in water samples by the recommended procedure and by established batch methods showed no significant difference at the 95% confidence limits in a paired comparison t-test.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '28', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 14:59:47', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'Najib, F.M.', 'address' => 'Department of Chemistry, University of Salahaddin, Arbil, Iraq', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1016/0039-9140(92)80234-5', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Simultaneous determination of chloride, bromide, iodide and fluoride with flow injection - ion-selective electrode systems', Talanta, 1992 39(10) 1259-1267', 'firstchar' => 'S', 'twochars' => 'Si', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( 'id' => '003834', 'citation_id' => '006998', 'technique_id' => '0303' ), 'Analyte' => array( (int) 0 => array( 'id' => '00594', 'name' => 'Chloride', 'iupac_name' => 'chloride', 'casrn' => '16887-00-6', 'synonyms' => 'Chloride; chloride anion; Chloride ion; Chlorine, ion; Hydrochloric acid, ion(1-)', 'total' => '180', 'inchi' => 'InChI=1S/ClH/h1H/p-1', 'inchikey' => 'VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M', 'formula' => 'Cl-', 'oxstate' => '-1', 'url' => '', 'charge' => '-1', 'class1' => 'Element', 'class2' => 'Non-metal', 'class3' => 'Halogen', 'class4' => 'Anion', 'class5' => '', 'isgroup' => '', 'checked' => 'yes', 'citation_count' => '0', 'updated' => '2015-10-23 09:54:58', 'first' => 'C', 'nametotal' => 'Chloride**180', 'AnalytesCitation' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 1 => array( 'id' => '00451', 'name' => 'Bromide', 'iupac_name' => 'bromide', 'casrn' => '24959-67-9', 'synonyms' => 'Bromide; bromide ion; Bromide ion (-1); Bromine, ion;', 'total' => '35', 'inchi' => 'InChI=1S/BrH/h1H/p-1', 'inchikey' => 'CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M', 'formula' => 'Br-', 'oxstate' => '-1', 'url' => '', 'charge' => '-1', 'class1' => 'Element', 'class2' => 'NA', 'class3' => 'NA', 'class4' => 'Anion', 'class5' => 'NA', 'isgroup' => '', 'checked' => 'yes', 'citation_count' => '0', 'updated' => '2015-10-23 09:53:48', 'first' => 'B', 'nametotal' => 'Bromide**35', 'AnalytesCitation' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 2 => array( 'id' => '01275', 'name' => 'Iodide', 'iupac_name' => 'iodide', 'casrn' => '20461-54-5', 'synonyms' => 'iodide ion', 'total' => '85', 'inchi' => 'InChI=1S/HI/h1H/p-1', 'inchikey' => 'XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-M', 'formula' => 'I-', 'oxstate' => '-1', 'url' => '', 'charge' => '-1', 'class1' => 'Element', 'class2' => 'Non-metal', 'class3' => 'Halogen', 'class4' => 'Anion', 'class5' => '', 'isgroup' => '', 'checked' => 'yes', 'citation_count' => '0', 'updated' => '2015-10-23 21:29:44', 'first' => 'I', 'nametotal' => 'Iodide**85', 'AnalytesCitation' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 3 => array( 'id' => '00982', 'name' => 'Fluoride', 'iupac_name' => 'fluoride', 'casrn' => '16984-48-8', 'synonyms' => 'Fluoride; Fluorides; Fluoride ion; Fluorine, ion; Perfluoride', 'total' => '77', 'inchi' => 'InChI=1S/FH/h1H/p-1', 'inchikey' => 'KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M', 'formula' => 'F-', 'oxstate' => '-1', 'url' => '', 'charge' => '-1', 'class1' => 'Element', 'class2' => 'Non-metal', 'class3' => 'Halogen', 'class4' => 'Anion', 'class5' => '', 'isgroup' => '', 'checked' => 'yes', 'citation_count' => '0', 'updated' => '2015-10-23 09:58:10', 'first' => 'F', 'nametotal' => 'Fluoride**77', 'AnalytesCitation' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ) ), 'Matrix' => array( (int) 0 => array( 'id' => '0372', 'label' => 'Environmental', 'level1' => 'Environmental', 'level2' => 'water', 'level3' => '', 'level4' => '', 'level5' => '', 'synonyms' => '', 'total' => '490', 'url' => '', 'updated' => '2015-12-09 21:04:43', 'name' => 'Environmental, water', 'nametotal' => 'Environmental, water**490', 'first' => 'E', 'CitationsMatrix' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ) ), 'Keyword' => array( (int) 0 => array( 'id' => '0258', 'type' => 'Chemometrics', 'keyword' => 'Method comparison', 'newKeyword' => '', 'synonyms' => '', 'fao' => '', 'total' => '1232', 'first' => 'M', 'keytotal' => 'Method comparison**1232', 'CitationsKeyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 1 => array( 'id' => '0320', 'type' => 'Reagent', 'keyword' => 'pH', 'newKeyword' => '', 'synonyms' => '', 'fao' => '', 'total' => '264', 'first' => 'P', 'keytotal' => 'pH**264', 'CitationsKeyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 2 => array( 'id' => '0217', 'type' => 'Chemical Process', 'keyword' => 'Interferences', 'newKeyword' => '', 'synonyms' => '', 'fao' => '', 'total' => '1972', 'first' => 'I', 'keytotal' => 'Interferences**1972', 'CitationsKeyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ) ) ) $i = (int) 4 $path = '' $a = '' $url = 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0039-9140(92)80234-5' $aus = 'Fadhil M. Najib* and Shireen Othman, 'include - APP/View/Elements/citation.ctp, line 40 View::_evaluate() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 971 View::_render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 933 View::_renderElement() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 1224 View::element() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 418 include - APP/View/Techniques/view.ctp, line 52 View::_evaluate() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 971 View::_render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 933 View::render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 473 Controller::render() - CORE/Cake/Controller/Controller.php, line 968 Dispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/Cake/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 200 Dispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/Cake/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 167 [main] - APP/webroot/index.php, line 109
Abstract:
Electrodes for Cl-, Br- and I- were constructed (preparation described) from Ag2 - AgCl or AgBr (1:1) and Ag2S - AgI (1:3); for F- a commercial electrode was used. By combining the electrodes and suppressor columns of AgCl and amalgamated Pb, the ions were simultaneously determined in a carrier stream (0.5 mL min-1) of e.g. 0.1 M HClO4 at pH 4.0. The calibration graphs were rectilinear down to 100, 5, 1 and 5 µM for Cl-, Br-, I- and F-, respectively. The reproducibility was 1% for the determination of the halides in eight water samples, the results agreed well with those obtained by three reference methods. Flow-through ion-selective electrodes were constructed from compressed pellets (8-10 mm thick, 13 mm diameter, 10 tons/cm2 pressure) of Ag2S/AgX (X = Cl-, Br- or I-) drilled longitudinally (1.5 mm diameter hole) to be suitable for use in flow injection analysis. A column of AgCl (5.5 cm long, 2-3 mm internal diameter) was included in the Cl- electrode manifold to remove interferences from 10^-4 M Br- and 3 x 10^-5 M I- and S2-. A column of amalgamated lead (2-3 cm long, 2-3 mm internal diameter) was used in the Br--electrode manifold to remove interference from 2 x 10^-5 M I-, 3 x 10^-5 M S2- and 7 x 10^-4 M Cl-. These columns and the addition of ascorbic acid were not required when I- was determined with the iodide electrode. The carrier stream was 0.1 M sodium perchlorate (pH 4) at a flow-rate of 0.5 mL/min. The sample pH could be 4-7. Simultaneous determination of Cl- and I-, Cl-, I- and Br-, and Cl-, I-, Br- and F- ions was possible with combinations of the corresponding electrodes and columns in series and/or parallel in specially designed manifolds. Calibration plots were linear, with almost theoretical slopes, down to 10^-6 M I-, 5 x 10^-6 M Br-, 10^-4 M Cl- and 5 x 10^-6 M F-, with precision better than 1%. Sampling rates for single-ion determinations were 72, 102, 90 and 80 per h for the one-, two-, three- and four-electrode systems respectively. Determinations of these ions in water samples by the recommended procedure and by established batch methods showed no significant difference at the 95% confidence limits in a paired comparison t-test.
Chloride
Bromide
Iodide
Fluoride
Environmental
Method comparison
pH
Interferences
"Flow-through Units For Solid-state, Liquid And PVC Matrix Membrane Ion-selective Electrodes To Minimize Streaming Potentials"
Analyst
1987 Volume 112, Issue 9 Pages 1293-1298
Notice (8): Undefined variable: uid [APP/View/Elements/citation.ctp, line 40]Theodore K. Christopoulos and Eleftherios P. DiamandisCode Context?><?phpif($uid!='') {$viewFile = '/home/stuchalk/public_html/fad/app/View/Elements/citation.ctp' $dataForView = array( 'data' => array( 'Technique' => array( 'id' => '0303', 'label' => 'Electrode', 'level1' => 'Electrode', 'level2' => 'ion selective', 'level3' => 'iodide', 'level4' => '', 'level5' => '', 'synonyms' => 'Ion selective electrode,ISE', 'champ' => '', 'total' => '21', 'updated' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'name' => 'Electrode, ion selective, iodide', 'nametotal' => 'Electrode, ion selective, iodide**21', 'first' => 'E' ), 'Citation' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 1 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 2 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 3 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 4 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 5 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 6 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 7 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 8 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 9 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 10 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 11 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 12 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 13 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 14 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 15 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 16 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 17 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 18 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 19 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 20 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ) ), 'c' => array( 'id' => '007457', 'authors' => 'Christopoulos, T.K.;Diamandis, E.P.', 'authorsweb' => 'Theodore K. Christopoulos and Eleftherios P. Diamandis', 'title' => 'Flow-through units for solid-state, liquid and PVC matrix membrane ion-selective electrodes to minimize streaming potentials', 'journal' => 'Analyst', 'journal_id' => '0864', 'fadid' => 'ANAL1987V0112P01293', 'year' => '1987', 'volume' => '112', 'issue' => '9', 'startpage' => '1293', 'endpage' => '1298', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1275;1757;1978;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0303;0315;0156;', 'keywords' => ';0258;0397;', 'abstract' => 'Three flow-through units were constructed (diagrams given) and evaluated for electrode membranes sensitive to iodide (solid), perchlorate (liquid) and propantheline (PVC matrix), respectively. Streaming potential oscillations were reduced to 0.2 mV by siting the sensing membrane as near as possible to the external reference electrolyte - sample solution contact zone. Air-segmented streams were used to study the effect of flow rates of 1.74, 3.64 and 6.7 mL min-1. Sampling rates of up to 60, 120 and 240 h-1, respectively, were achieved.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '0', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 00:02:43', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => '!Diamondis, E.P.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1039/an9871201293', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Flow-through units for solid-state, liquid and PVC matrix membrane ion-selective electrodes to minimize streaming potentials', Analyst, 1987 112(9) 1293-1298', 'firstchar' => 'F', 'twochars' => 'Fl', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( 'id' => '004561', 'citation_id' => '007457', 'technique_id' => '0303' ), 'Analyte' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 1 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 2 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), 'Matrix' => array(), 'Keyword' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 1 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ) ), 'i' => (int) 5 ) $data = array( 'Technique' => array( 'id' => '0303', 'label' => 'Electrode', 'level1' => 'Electrode', 'level2' => 'ion selective', 'level3' => 'iodide', 'level4' => '', 'level5' => '', 'synonyms' => 'Ion selective electrode,ISE', 'champ' => '', 'total' => '21', 'updated' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'name' => 'Electrode, ion selective, iodide', 'nametotal' => 'Electrode, ion selective, iodide**21', 'first' => 'E' ), 'Citation' => array( (int) 0 => array( 'id' => '003989', 'authors' => 'Trojanowicz, M.A.;Matuszewski, W.;Hulanicki, A.', 'authorsweb' => 'Marek Trojanowicz, Wojciech Matuszewski and Adam Hulanicki', 'title' => 'Flow injection potentiometric determination of residual chlorine in water', 'journal' => 'Anal. Chim. Acta', 'journal_id' => '0584', 'fadid' => 'ANCA1982V0136P00085', 'year' => '1982', 'volume' => '136', 'issue' => '1', 'startpage' => '85', 'endpage' => '92 ', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0597;', 'matrices' => ';0372;', 'techniques' => ';0192;0303;0400;', 'keywords' => '', 'abstract' => 'Residual chlorine is measured in water by using a potentiometric system composed of an iodide-selective electrode and a platinum electrode sensing the iodine-iodide ratio. When the sample is added to acidified iodide solution, the cell response is in a logarithmic relation to the iodine concentration which in turn depends on the concentration of residual chlorine. In the flow injection system evolved, 0.1-5.0 mg L-1 residual chlorine can be determined at a rate of 40-60 samples per hour. The results of potentiometric determinations of residual chlorine in tap water compared to spectrophotometric results suggest that the presence of various organic substances is responsible for discrepancies between these measurements.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '9', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 15:43:35', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00320', 'pauthor' => '!Trojanowicz, M.A.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1016/S0003-2670(01)95366-8', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Flow injection potentiometric determination of residual chlorine in water', Anal. Chim. Acta, 1982 136(1) 85-92 ', 'firstchar' => 'F', 'twochars' => 'Fl', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Keyword' => array([maximum depth reached]) ), (int) 1 => array( 'id' => '005156', 'authors' => 'Figuerola, E.;Florido, A.;Aguilar, M.;De Pablo, J.;Alegret, S.', 'authorsweb' => 'E. Figuerola, A. Florido, M. Aguilar and J. De Pablo, S. Alegret', 'title' => 'Sequential flow injection determination of cyanide and weak metal cyanide complexes with flow-through heterogeneous membrane electrodes', 'journal' => 'Anal. Chim. Acta', 'journal_id' => '0584', 'fadid' => 'ANCA1988V0215P00283', 'year' => '1988', 'volume' => '215', 'issue' => '1-2', 'startpage' => '283', 'endpage' => '288', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0716;0717;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0127;0303;0400;', 'keywords' => ';0173;0217;0302;0212;0258;', 'abstract' => 'Two I--selective heterogeneous epoxy-based membrane flow-through electrodes were placed before and after a gas diffusion unit in a flow injection system for determination of free and total CN-. The CN--containing sample was injected into a KNO3 carrier solution and free CN- was determined by the first flow-through electrode. The solution was then treated with the HCl stream in the reaction coil. The HCN evolved passed through the gas-permeable membrane in the diffusion unit and was collected in an alkaline solution, where the CN- was measured by the second flow-through electrode. Under optimum conditions, the response was rectilinear from 10 µM to 1 mM CN- and the coefficient of variation were ~2% with a sampling rate of 20 h-1. Total CN- could be determined in the presence of Zn, Cu(II) and Cd but results were low in the presence of Ni, Co(II) and Fe(III). Sulfide and SCN- were not tolerated. The reproducibility was worse than that of spectrophotometric detection but the method could be used over a wider concentration. range and was more suitable for an online control monitoring system.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '2', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 15:55:59', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'NA', 'address' => '?', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1016/S0003-2670(00)85287-3', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Sequential flow injection determination of cyanide and weak metal cyanide complexes with flow-through heterogeneous membrane electrodes', Anal. Chim. Acta, 1988 215(1-2) 283-288', 'firstchar' => 'S', 'twochars' => 'Se', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 2 => array( 'id' => '005694', 'authors' => 'Van Staden, J.F.', 'authorsweb' => 'Jacobus F. van Staden', 'title' => 'Response time phenomena of coated open-tubular solid-state silver halide-selective electrodes and their influence on sample dispersion in flow injection analysis', 'journal' => 'Anal. Chim. Acta', 'journal_id' => '0584', 'fadid' => 'ANCA1992V0261P00381', 'year' => '1992', 'volume' => '261', 'issue' => '1-2', 'startpage' => '381', 'endpage' => '390', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0451;0594;1275;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0283;0290;0303;', 'keywords' => ';0302;0410;0119;', 'abstract' => 'A comparative study has been made of the response times of coated open-tubular Ag membrane electrodes selective towards Cl-, Br- or I- (cf. Ibid., 1986, 179, 407) as they affect the throughput of flow injection analysis systems. The tubular indicator electrodes were used in conjunction with an Orion 90-02 double-junction reference electrode with 10% KNO3 solution in its outer chamber. The digitized signals were smoothed by applying the DS (data sets) Cat and Smooth operations of the ASYST software; typical background-corrected graphs for the flow injection measurement of halides (10 to 5000 mg l-1) are reproduced. Examination of the leading edges of the various peaks showed that their rate of response was independent of concentration. and did not significantly decrease the sampling rate, although the response of the Br- electrode at the initial peak-formation stages near the baseline was slightly slower than that of the others. The rate of response of the trailing edges was mainly responsible for the sampling rate in an optimized flow injection system, and the I- electrode showed a memory effect, which was largely responsible for the low sampling rate of this system compared with similar systems with the other two electrodes. The contribution of the memory effect or response time phenomena of coated open-tubular solid state chloride-, bromide-, and iodide-selective electrodes on the anal. output in flow injection systems are presented for concentration. ranges between 10 and 5000 mg L-1. The rate of response for the leading edges of all three electrodes due to electrode properties are independent of concentration. and do not contribute significantly to any decrease in sampling rate, although the rate of response of the bromide-selective electrode flow injection analysis (FIA) system seems to be slightly slower than the other two electrode systems at the initial peak-formation stages near the base line. The rate of response for the tailing edges of the different electrodes due to electrode properties is mainly responsible for the sampling rate obtained in an optimized FIA-ISE system. The memory effect of the iodide-selective electrode is mainly responsible for the fact that the sampling rate of this system is very much lower than the sampling rate obtained for similar systems with the other two electrodes. For the bromide-selective electrode system, the slower rate of response due to electrode properties at the tailing edges (especially with high concentrations of bromide) than that of the chloride-selective electrode, contributes mainly to a lower sampling output for the bromide-selective electrode-FIA system when compared with the chloride electrode system.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '6', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 16:06:13', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00328', 'pauthor' => '!Van Staden, J.F.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1016/0003-2670(92)80217-U', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Response time phenomena of coated open-tubular solid-state silver halide-selective electrodes and their influence on sample dispersion in flow injection analysis', Anal. Chim. Acta, 1992 261(1-2) 381-390', 'firstchar' => 'R', 'twochars' => 'Re', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 3 => array( 'id' => '006910', 'authors' => 'Alegret, S.;Florido, A.;Lima, J.L.F.C.;Machado, A.A.S.C.', 'authorsweb' => 'S. Alegret*, A. Florido, J. L. F. C. Lima and A. A. S. C. Machado ', 'title' => 'Flow-through tubular iodide- and bromide-selective electrodes based on epoxy-resin heterogeneous membranes', 'journal' => 'Talanta', 'journal_id' => '0569', 'fadid' => 'TALT1989V0036P00825', 'year' => '1989', 'volume' => '36', 'issue' => '8', 'startpage' => '825', 'endpage' => '829', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1275;0451;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0283;0303;', 'keywords' => ';0217;0253;0385;0213;', 'abstract' => 'The electrodes were made from 4-mm lengths of Perspex tubing (1 cm o.d., 8 mm i.d.), which were filled with Ag-containing conductive epoxy-resin to which a shielded cable was then attached. A hole (1.75 mm diameter) was drilled through the centre, which was then packed with powdered AgX - Ag2S mixture (X = I or Br) dispersed in non-conductive epoxy-resin. A central channel (0.75 mm diameter) was then drilled leaving a membrane of 0.5-mm thickness. The response characteristics were evaluated in a low-dispersion flow injection system, and both showed a Nernstian response between 50 µM and 0.1 M with good reproducibility and a rapid response that permitted a sampling rate of 60 h-1. Operational pH ranges for I- and Br- were 2.5 to 11 and 3 to 10, respectively. Interference by several ions is reported; I- must be absent in determinations with the Br- electrode.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '11', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 14:55:17', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00788', 'pauthor' => '!Alegret, S.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1016/0039-9140(89)80162-6', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Flow-through tubular iodide- and bromide-selective electrodes based on epoxy-resin heterogeneous membranes', Talanta, 1989 36(8) 825-829', 'firstchar' => 'F', 'twochars' => 'Fl', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 4 => array( 'id' => '006998', 'authors' => 'Najib, F.M.;Othman, S.', 'authorsweb' => 'Fadhil M. Najib* and Shireen Othman, ', 'title' => 'Simultaneous determination of chloride, bromide, iodide and fluoride with flow injection - ion-selective electrode systems', 'journal' => 'Talanta', 'journal_id' => '0569', 'fadid' => 'TALT1992V0039P01259', 'year' => '1992', 'volume' => '39', 'issue' => '10', 'startpage' => '1259', 'endpage' => '1267', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0594;0451;1275;0982;', 'matrices' => ';0372;', 'techniques' => ';0283;0290;0298;0303;', 'keywords' => ';0258;0320;0217;', 'abstract' => 'Electrodes for Cl-, Br- and I- were constructed (preparation described) from Ag2 - AgCl or AgBr (1:1) and Ag2S - AgI (1:3); for F- a commercial electrode was used. By combining the electrodes and suppressor columns of AgCl and amalgamated Pb, the ions were simultaneously determined in a carrier stream (0.5 mL min-1) of e.g. 0.1 M HClO4 at pH 4.0. The calibration graphs were rectilinear down to 100, 5, 1 and 5 µM for Cl-, Br-, I- and F-, respectively. The reproducibility was 1% for the determination of the halides in eight water samples, the results agreed well with those obtained by three reference methods. Flow-through ion-selective electrodes were constructed from compressed pellets (8-10 mm thick, 13 mm diameter, 10 tons/cm2 pressure) of Ag2S/AgX (X = Cl-, Br- or I-) drilled longitudinally (1.5 mm diameter hole) to be suitable for use in flow injection analysis. A column of AgCl (5.5 cm long, 2-3 mm internal diameter) was included in the Cl- electrode manifold to remove interferences from 10^-4 M Br- and 3 x 10^-5 M I- and S2-. A column of amalgamated lead (2-3 cm long, 2-3 mm internal diameter) was used in the Br--electrode manifold to remove interference from 2 x 10^-5 M I-, 3 x 10^-5 M S2- and 7 x 10^-4 M Cl-. These columns and the addition of ascorbic acid were not required when I- was determined with the iodide electrode. The carrier stream was 0.1 M sodium perchlorate (pH 4) at a flow-rate of 0.5 mL/min. The sample pH could be 4-7. Simultaneous determination of Cl- and I-, Cl-, I- and Br-, and Cl-, I-, Br- and F- ions was possible with combinations of the corresponding electrodes and columns in series and/or parallel in specially designed manifolds. Calibration plots were linear, with almost theoretical slopes, down to 10^-6 M I-, 5 x 10^-6 M Br-, 10^-4 M Cl- and 5 x 10^-6 M F-, with precision better than 1%. Sampling rates for single-ion determinations were 72, 102, 90 and 80 per h for the one-, two-, three- and four-electrode systems respectively. Determinations of these ions in water samples by the recommended procedure and by established batch methods showed no significant difference at the 95% confidence limits in a paired comparison t-test.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '28', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 14:59:47', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'Najib, F.M.', 'address' => 'Department of Chemistry, University of Salahaddin, Arbil, Iraq', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1016/0039-9140(92)80234-5', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Simultaneous determination of chloride, bromide, iodide and fluoride with flow injection - ion-selective electrode systems', Talanta, 1992 39(10) 1259-1267', 'firstchar' => 'S', 'twochars' => 'Si', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 5 => array( 'id' => '007457', 'authors' => 'Christopoulos, T.K.;Diamandis, E.P.', 'authorsweb' => 'Theodore K. Christopoulos and Eleftherios P. Diamandis', 'title' => 'Flow-through units for solid-state, liquid and PVC matrix membrane ion-selective electrodes to minimize streaming potentials', 'journal' => 'Analyst', 'journal_id' => '0864', 'fadid' => 'ANAL1987V0112P01293', 'year' => '1987', 'volume' => '112', 'issue' => '9', 'startpage' => '1293', 'endpage' => '1298', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1275;1757;1978;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0303;0315;0156;', 'keywords' => ';0258;0397;', 'abstract' => 'Three flow-through units were constructed (diagrams given) and evaluated for electrode membranes sensitive to iodide (solid), perchlorate (liquid) and propantheline (PVC matrix), respectively. Streaming potential oscillations were reduced to 0.2 mV by siting the sensing membrane as near as possible to the external reference electrolyte - sample solution contact zone. Air-segmented streams were used to study the effect of flow rates of 1.74, 3.64 and 6.7 mL min-1. Sampling rates of up to 60, 120 and 240 h-1, respectively, were achieved.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '0', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 00:02:43', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => '!Diamondis, E.P.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1039/an9871201293', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Flow-through units for solid-state, liquid and PVC matrix membrane ion-selective electrodes to minimize streaming potentials', Analyst, 1987 112(9) 1293-1298', 'firstchar' => 'F', 'twochars' => 'Fl', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 6 => array( 'id' => '007658', 'authors' => 'Davey, D.E.;Mulcahy, D.E.;O'Connell, G.R.', 'authorsweb' => 'David E. Davey, Dennis E. Mulcahy and Gregory R. O'Connell', 'title' => 'Effect of flow injection parameters on the selectivity of an iodide-selective electrode', 'journal' => 'Analyst', 'journal_id' => '0864', 'fadid' => 'ANAL1992V0117P00761', 'year' => '1992', 'volume' => '117', 'issue' => '4', 'startpage' => '761', 'endpage' => '765', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1275;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0303;', 'keywords' => ';0398;0217;0302;', 'abstract' => 'The effects of sample loop volume, flow rate, carrier I- concentration, interferents, solution pH and temperature were studied, with selectivity coefficient being measured for Br-, SCN- and thiosulfate. Samples of 100 µL should be mixed with a 1 µM-KI carrier and a 0.1 M KNO3 reagent stream flowing at a combined rate of 6 to 7 mL min-1 in either neutral or acid solution at 20°C. A study has been carried out on the influence of several experimental parameters on the selectivity of a homogeneous membrane iodide-selective electrode operating under flow injection conditions. Selectivity coefficients were measured for bromide, thiocyanate and thiosulfate by use of a mixed-solution technique, with the effects of sample loop volume, flow rate, carrier iodide concentration, interferent activity, solution pH and temperature being investigated in turn. When the flow system was optimized, it proved possible to double the selectivity of the electrode towards iodide. Facets of the observed behavior were found to correlate well with existing theories on the time-dependent response of solid-state ion-selective electrodes. Peak profiles were also examined, with particular attention being given to the potential excursions or 'overshoots' recorded when mixed solutions of low iodide activity were injected into the flow stream.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '2', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 08:32:42', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'NA', 'address' => 'Sch. Chem. Technol., Univ. South Australia, The Levels, 5095, Australia', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1039/an9921700761', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Effect of flow injection parameters on the selectivity of an iodide-selective electrode', Analyst, 1992 117(4) 761-765', 'firstchar' => 'E', 'twochars' => 'Ef', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 7 => array( 'id' => '008266', 'authors' => 'Alexander, P.W.;Seegopaul, P.', 'authorsweb' => 'Peter W. Alexander and Purneshwar Seegopaul', 'title' => 'Rapid-flow continuous analysis with ion-selective electrodes', 'journal' => 'Anal. Chem.', 'journal_id' => '0499', 'fadid' => 'ANCH1980V0052P02403', 'year' => '1980', 'volume' => '52', 'issue' => '14', 'startpage' => '2403', 'endpage' => '2406', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1275;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0303;', 'keywords' => '', 'abstract' => 'A study of rapid sampling in a continuous-flow system is reported with an iodide solid-state electrode as a continuous sensor. The system is operated by consecutive manual aspiration of sample and wash solutions into a flow manifold with air segmentation to reduce carry-over. The design features and flow rates used in the operation of the system are described, and it is found that sampling rates up to 360/h are permissible with flow rates as low as 9.2 mL min-1. The concept of combining rapid flow with air segmentation is shown to give an Improved method for achieving rapid sampling with electrode detection in a continuous-flow system with advantages over the more complex bubble-gating and flow-injection techniques currently in use.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2014-11-12 21:24:23', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '8', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 18:32:10', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00008', 'pauthor' => '!Alexander, P.W.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => 'Not DOI assigned. Use issue url', 'url' => '10.1021/ac50064a038', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Rapid-flow continuous analysis with ion-selective electrodes', Anal. Chem., 1980 52(14) 2403-2406', 'firstchar' => 'R', 'twochars' => 'Ra', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array([maximum depth reached]) ), (int) 8 => array( 'id' => '008892', 'authors' => 'Van Staden, J.F.', 'authorsweb' => 'Jacobus F. van Staden', 'title' => 'Incorporation of a coated tubular solid-state iodide selective electrode into the conduits of a flow injection system', 'journal' => 'Fresenius J. Anal. Chem.', 'journal_id' => '0944', 'fadid' => 'FJAC1986V0325P00247', 'year' => '1986', 'volume' => '325', 'issue' => '3', 'startpage' => '247', 'endpage' => '251', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1275;', 'matrices' => ';0473;', 'techniques' => ';0303;0400;', 'keywords' => ';0043;0090;0302;0354;0223;0054;', 'abstract' => 'A tubular flow-through electrode (5 mm long, 2 mm i.d.) prepared by depositing AgI on silver foil and connected to an Orion Research microprocessor Ionalyzer with an Orion double-junction reference electrode was incorporated in a flow injection system (diagram given) capable of 90 samples h-1. Samples and ionic-strength-adjustment buffer were fed by a peristaltic pump with a pulse suppression system. Optimum sensitivity and response were obtained with 0.1 M KNO3 - 0.02 M acetic acid buffer. Response of carefully conditioned electrodes was rectilinear from 5 to 5000 mg L-1 of I-; they were stable and needed little maintenance. Analyses of iodized table salt agreed reasonably with quoted I- concentration, with a coefficient of variation of <1.8% (n = 15). The practical range was 5 to 2000 mg l-1.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '15', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 00:20:33', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00328', 'pauthor' => '!Van Staden, J.F.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1007/BF00498166', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Incorporation of a coated tubular solid-state iodide selective electrode into the conduits of a flow injection system', Fresenius J. Anal. Chem., 1986 325(3) 247-251', 'firstchar' => 'I', 'twochars' => 'In', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 9 => array( 'id' => '008904', 'authors' => 'Trojanowicz, M.A.;Frenzel, W.', 'authorsweb' => 'Marek Trojanowicz and Wolfgang Frenzel', 'title' => 'Flow injection potentiometry for low level measurements in the presence of sensed ion in the carrier', 'journal' => 'Fresenius J. Anal. Chem.', 'journal_id' => '0944', 'fadid' => 'FJAC1987V0328P00653', 'year' => '1987', 'volume' => '328', 'issue' => '8', 'startpage' => '653', 'endpage' => '656', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0982;1275;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0298;0303;0400;', 'keywords' => ';0464;', 'abstract' => 'A theoretical treatment based on the Nikolski equation is presented for the response of ion-sensitive electrodes in flow injection analysis, and the predictions are compared with experimental results obtained with a F--selective electrode and 0.2 M NaCl - 0.2 M acetate buffer (pH 5.2) containing F- (100 µg l-1) as carrier and with an I--selective electrode and a carrier of 0.2 M KNO3 containing ascorbic acid (1 g l-1) and I- (100 µg l-1). Measurements were made in a single-line manifold with a variable length of tubing (0.8 mm i.d.) and an injected volume of 100 µL. Significant deviations due to slow response were observed, but it is possible to linearize the calibration graph for low-dispersion systems and the electrodes can be used, with limited sensitivity, in the µg L-1 concentration. range.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '21', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 00:20:53', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00320', 'pauthor' => '!Trojanowicz, M.A.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1007/BF00488664', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Flow injection potentiometry for low level measurements in the presence of sensed ion in the carrier', Fresenius J. Anal. Chem., 1987 328(8) 653-656', 'firstchar' => 'F', 'twochars' => 'Fl', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 10 => array( 'id' => '008907', 'authors' => 'Ilcheva, L.;Trojanowicz, M.A.;Krawczynski Vel Krawczyk, T.', 'authorsweb' => 'Liliana Ilcheva, Marek Trojanowicz and Tadeusz Krawczynski vel Krawczyk', 'title' => 'Effect of addition of main ion to carrier solution in potentiometric flow injection measurements with solid state ion-selective electrodes', 'journal' => 'Fresenius J. Anal. Chem.', 'journal_id' => '0944', 'fadid' => 'FJAC1987V0328P00027', 'year' => '1987', 'volume' => '328', 'issue' => '1-2', 'startpage' => '27', 'endpage' => '32', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0982;0594;1275;0684;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0238;0290;0295;0298;0303;0400;', 'keywords' => ';0401;0464;', 'abstract' => 'Flow injection measurements were made by using a flow-through cup (described and illustrated) and Cl--, F--, I-- and Cu(II)-selective electrodes. The addition of the main ion to the carrier solution to create a constant background level of main ion produces a significant improvement in response for the F-- and I--selective electrodes. However, a very slow return of the potential value to the baseline is observed for I- measurements; this is attributable to the slow desorption of I- from the electrode surface. The super-Nernstian slope observed for the F-- and Cu(II)-selective electrodes in the absence of F- or Cu(II) in the carrier solution decreased to Nernstian values in the presence of the ions in the carrier solution', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '27', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 00:20:46', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00320', 'pauthor' => '!Trojanowicz, M.A.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1007/BF00560942', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Effect of addition of main ion to carrier solution in potentiometric flow injection measurements with solid state ion-selective electrodes', Fresenius J. Anal. Chem., 1987 328(1-2) 27-32', 'firstchar' => 'E', 'twochars' => 'Ef', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 11 => array( 'id' => '009866', 'authors' => 'Davey, D.E.;Mulcahy, D.E.;O'Connell, G.R.', 'authorsweb' => 'David E. Davey, Dennis E. Mulcahy, Gregory R. O'Connell', 'title' => 'Comparison of detector cell configurations in flow injection potentiometry', 'journal' => 'Electroanalysis', 'journal_id' => '1003', 'fadid' => 'ELAN1993V0005P00581', 'year' => '1993', 'volume' => '5', 'issue' => '7', 'startpage' => '581', 'endpage' => '588', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1275;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0400;0303;', 'keywords' => ';0258;', 'abstract' => 'A solid-state iodide-selective electrode was used to compare the performances of flow-through, edge-jet and wall-jet detector cell configurations in FIA. Cell volume of 4-210 µL were studied with flow streams of 1.7 or 3.2 ml/min and injections of 0.1 M KI were made into a flow stream of 10 µM-KI or of 0.1 M KNO3. Similarly good results were obtained for each configuration in the cell volume range 4-63 µL at 1.7 ml/min or 4-120 µL at 3.2 ml/min, but best results were given generally under thin-layer flow conditions which occurred in the cell volume range 4-33 µL. The range of cell volume that could yield steady data decreased in the order edge-jet, wall-jet, flow-through configuration.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '7', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 14:09:26', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00106', 'pauthor' => '!Davey, D.E.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1002/elan.1140050709', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'no', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Comparison of detector cell configurations in flow injection potentiometry', Electroanalysis, 1993 5(7) 581-588', 'firstchar' => 'C', 'twochars' => 'Co', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 12 => array( 'id' => '009877', 'authors' => 'Daunert, S.;Florido, A.;Bricker, J.;Dunaway, W.;Bachas, L.G.;Valiente, M.', 'authorsweb' => 'Sylvia Daunert, Antonio Florido, Jordi Bricker, Wes Dunaway, Leonidas G. Bachas, Manuel Valiente', 'title' => 'Iodide-selective electrodes based on a mercury - tri-isobutylphosphine sulfide complex', 'journal' => 'Electroanalysis', 'journal_id' => '1003', 'fadid' => 'ELAN1993V0005P00839', 'year' => '1993', 'volume' => '5', 'issue' => '9-10', 'startpage' => '839', 'endpage' => '843', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';2324;1275;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0303;0400;', 'keywords' => '', 'abstract' => 'Tri-isobutylphosphine sulfide - Hg complex-based ISE were prepared (described) and were used in conjunction with an Orion 90-02-00 double-junction reference electrode. Batchwise potentiometric measurements were made in 0.1 M 2-morpholinoethanesulfonic acid (I)/NaOH buffers of pH 5.5, 6 or 6.5 or 0.1 M NaH2PO4/NaOH buffers of pH 6 or 6.5. Various Hg complex/PVC/plasticizer/DMF/THF mixtures were also used to prepare a membrane within a flow-through tubular electrode made from Epo-Tek 410 Ag-based conductive epoxy. This membrane electrode was used for detection in FIA. ISE containing 4% of ionophore showed near-Nernstian response to thiocyanate in all three I buffers and the detection limit was 2-4 µM, slightly better than in the phosphate buffers (detection limit of 5 µM-thiocyanate). Response times averaged 1 min for thiocyanate and 12 min for iodide. In FIA, the best signals were obtained with 100 µL sample injections and a carrier flow rate of 3.3 ml/min; with a membrane containing 4% of ionophore, the peak heights were reproducible to within ±1 mV for three injections at a given concentration.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '7', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 14:09:32', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00857', 'pauthor' => '!Bachas, L.G.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1002/elan.1140050919', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'no', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Iodide-selective electrodes based on a mercury - tri-isobutylphosphine sulfide complex', Electroanalysis, 1993 5(9-10) 839-843', 'firstchar' => 'I', 'twochars' => 'Io', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array([maximum depth reached]) ), (int) 13 => array( 'id' => '009899', 'authors' => 'Davey, D.E.;Mulcahy, D.E.;O'Connell, G.R.;Smart, R.S.', 'authorsweb' => 'David E. Davey, Dennis E. Mulcahy, Gregory R. O'Connell, Roger StC. Smart', 'title' => 'A flow injection/XPS investigation of the effect of redox equilibria on the selectivity of an iodide-selective electrode', 'journal' => 'Electroanalysis', 'journal_id' => '1003', 'fadid' => 'ELAN1995V0007P00461', 'year' => '1995', 'volume' => '7', 'issue' => '5', 'startpage' => '461', 'endpage' => '470', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1275;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0303;0400;', 'keywords' => ';0217;0377;0398;', 'abstract' => 'Bromide, thiocyanate and thiosulfate were studied as three moderately-interfering species. The flow injection (FI) manifold was as described earlier (Pure Appl. Chem, 1976, 48, 129). Potentiometric measurements were made with an Orion Research Model 710A digital pH/mV meter and the Orion 94-06A iodide ISE was used for most of the FI work. Neutral and acidified iodate and bromate oxidant streams increased the selectivity of the iodide electrode towards the interferents. Use of ascorbic acid or metabisulfite reducing streams resulted in a greater degree of selectivity towards iodide than was obtained with either of the neutral oxidant streams but a lower degree of selectivity than was obtained when a simple nitrate reagent stream was present. Thiosulfate damaged the surface of the electrode irreparably, with a concomitant excessive peak broadening in the FI experiment and very poor baseline recovery.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '8', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 14:10:24', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '01201', 'pauthor' => '!O'Connell, G.R.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1002/elan.1140070510', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'no', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''A flow injection/XPS investigation of the effect of redox equilibria on the selectivity of an iodide-selective electrode', Electroanalysis, 1995 7(5) 461-470', 'firstchar' => 'A', 'twochars' => 'A ', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 14 => array( 'id' => '009912', 'authors' => 'Davey, D.E.;Mulcahy, D.E.;O'Connell, G.R.', 'authorsweb' => 'David E. Davey, Dennis E. Mulcahy, Gregory R. O'Connell*', 'title' => 'Effect of membrane composition on the flow injection response of an ion-selective electrode: a comparative study based an selectivity coefficients calculated using a data linearization technique', 'journal' => 'Electroanalysis', 'journal_id' => '1003', 'fadid' => 'ELAN1996V0008P00274', 'year' => '1996', 'volume' => '8', 'issue' => '3', 'startpage' => '274', 'endpage' => '279', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1275;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0303;0284;0330;0400;', 'keywords' => ';0217;', 'abstract' => 'Portions of 100 µL of iodide solutions containing 100 mM bromide, thiocyanate and thiosulfate as interferents were injected into carrier and reagent streams (total flow 6.6 ml/min) of 1 µM-KI and 100 mM KNO3, and iodide detected using a variety of purpose made AgI/Ag2S (details given) and commercially available iodide, sulfide and cadmium ISE. Calibration graphs of the respective ISE responses are presented. Most sensors showed good analytical performance, excepting that prepared from a 3:1 AgI/Ag2S membrane.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '8', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 14:10:51', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '01201', 'pauthor' => '!O'Connell, G.R.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1002/elan.1140080313', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Effect of membrane composition on the flow injection response of an ion-selective electrode: a comparative study based an selectivity coefficients calculated using a data linearization technique', Electroanalysis, 1996 8(3) 274-279', 'firstchar' => 'E', 'twochars' => 'Ef', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 15 => array( 'id' => '009940', 'authors' => 'Di Benedetto, L.T.;Dimitrakopoulos, T.', 'authorsweb' => 'Lucy Tina Di Benedetto, Telis Dimitrakopoulos*', 'title' => 'Evaluation of a new wall-jet flow-through cell for commercial ion-selective electrodes in flow injection potentiometry', 'journal' => 'Electroanalysis', 'journal_id' => '1003', 'fadid' => 'ELAN1997V0009P00179', 'year' => '1997', 'volume' => '9', 'issue' => '2', 'startpage' => '179', 'endpage' => '182', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0205;0487;1275;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0400;0285;0303;', 'keywords' => ';0167;0043;', 'abstract' => 'The cited poly(methyl methacrylate) cell (28 x 25 x 35 mm) which can accommodate commercial gas-sensing, liquid polymer membrane and solid-state-based ISE is described (diagram given). The cell contains a 1 mm i.d. Ag/AgCl wire reference electrode and the dead volume of the ISE compartment is 18 µL. Two separate inlets and flow channels are used to carry the sample and reference solutions to the ISE and reference electrode, respectively, after which the streams are merged and carried to waste. The analysis rate was up to 240 samples/h and injection volumes >=50 µL are recommended. An Orion 95-12 ammonia ISE was used in the cell with a sample injection volume of 100 µL and 1 M KOH/1 µM-NH4Cl and 1 M KCl as carrier and reference solutions, respectively, e.g., at total flow rate of 1.8 ml/min. Calibration graphs of potential vs. log. NH3 concentration were linear for 0.1-10 mM NH3 and peak height RSD were 0.4-3.5%. The flow cell was also used to determine Ca and iodide using appropriate ISE.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '9', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 14:11:38', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00943', 'pauthor' => '!Dimitrakopoulos, T.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1002/elan.1140090219', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Evaluation of a new wall-jet flow-through cell for commercial ion-selective electrodes in flow injection potentiometry', Electroanalysis, 1997 9(2) 179-182', 'firstchar' => 'E', 'twochars' => 'Ev', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 16 => array( 'id' => '011126', 'authors' => 'Ilcheva, L.K.;Cammann, K.;Georgieva, T.', 'authorsweb' => 'NA', 'title' => 'Iodide selective electrode in flow injection system', 'journal' => 'Analusis', 'journal_id' => '0562', 'fadid' => 'ANLU1988V0016P00101', 'year' => '1988', 'volume' => '16', 'issue' => '9-10', 'startpage' => '101', 'endpage' => '104', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1275;', 'matrices' => ';0671;', 'techniques' => ';0303;', 'keywords' => ';0128;0217;', 'abstract' => 'Baseline drift that occurred during use of the I--selective electrode [Seibold 57-17 (Radelkis)] in presence of a high Cl- concentration. could be avoided by use of a flow injection system with the addition of ascorbic acid to the carrier stream. Thus, 50 ppm of I- in high-purity NaCl could be determined by flow injection analysis in a carrier stream (1.7 mL min-1) of 0.1 M NaNO3 containing 0.1 mg L-1 of ascorbic acid with use of the cited electrode. No interference from Cl- memory effects could be detected.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:11:09', 'sjccheck' => 'No', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '0', 'urlcheck' => '2006-05-20 18:43:48', 'urlcheckcode' => '', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'NA', 'address' => 'Higher Chem. Technol. Inst., Dept. Anal. Chem., 1156 Sofia Bulgaria', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => 'NA SJC 102114', 'url' => 'NA', 'urltype' => 'NA', 'gotpdf' => 'no', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Iodide selective electrode in flow injection system', Analusis, 1988 16(9-10) 101-104', 'firstchar' => 'I', 'twochars' => 'Io', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 17 => array( 'id' => '011372', 'authors' => 'Volesky, B.;Emond, C.', 'authorsweb' => 'B. Volesky, C. Emond', 'title' => 'Continuous-flow monitoring of lactose concentration', 'journal' => 'Biotechnol. Bioeng.', 'journal_id' => '0782', 'fadid' => 'BTBE1979V0021P01251', 'year' => '1979', 'volume' => '21', 'issue' => '7', 'startpage' => '1251', 'endpage' => '1276', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1349;', 'matrices' => 'NA', 'techniques' => ';0303;', 'keywords' => ';0258;0217;', 'abstract' => 'A specific continuous-flow analytical system for determination of lactose concentration in a liquid mixture of constituent sugars was developed and tested based on a series of enzymatic reactions. Lactose and glucose oxidase immobilized on a phenol-formaldehyde resin were employed. More detailed study was carried out based on a reaction by-product quantitatively detected by an available iodide electrode. A multichannel proportioning pump fed two independently operated analytical streams eliminating thus the background glucose interference. With a goal of lactose concentration control in a fermentation process, the system response time delay was shortened to approximately 15 min. Apart from optimization of the analytical system operating parameters, the study indicates also the major application problem areas: lactase inhibition by galactose, galactose oxidation by glucose oxidase, and a partial loss of glucose oxidase activity in a prolonged continuous-flow operation. A manual Colorimetric Procedure was employed to verify the results of the potentiometric method.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '2006-08-24 01:57:33', 'hits' => '7', 'urlcheck' => '2014-11-25 23:02:47', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found (Array)', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'NA', 'address' => 'Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada H3A 2A7', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1002/bit.260210713', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'no', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Continuous-flow monitoring of lactose concentration', Biotechnol. Bioeng., 1979 21(7) 1251-1276', 'firstchar' => 'C', 'twochars' => 'Co', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 18 => array( 'id' => '012627', 'authors' => 'Seifert, K.;Dominok, B.;Dominok, G.W.', 'authorsweb' => 'K Seifert, B Dominok, GW Dominok', 'title' => 'Improved methods for determination of fluoride in biological materials', 'journal' => 'Fluoride', 'journal_id' => '1177', 'fadid' => 'FLUR1986V0019P00022', 'year' => '1986', 'volume' => '19', 'issue' => '1', 'startpage' => '22', 'endpage' => '25', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0982;', 'matrices' => ';0262;0160;', 'techniques' => ';0298;0303;0416;', 'keywords' => ';0454;0468;', 'abstract' => 'Fluoride is separated from cartilage or aortic tissues without ashing by an adaptation of the method of Yoshida et al. (Anal. Abstr., 1979, 37, 6B109). The reaction takes place in a closed apparatus comprising a 100 mL flask in series with two gas bubblers, each containing 25 mL of 0.1 M NaOH. The sample, 50 mL of water and two drops of hexamethyldisiloxane are placed in the flask, and 40 mL of concentrated H2SO4 is added to the sample through a dropping funnel. The trimethylsilanol(I) produced reacts with the F- to form fluorotrimethylsilane(II), which is swept by N (50 mL min-1) to the bubblers. II is converted by the alkali back into I, which is extracted into toluene before measurement of the F- so liberated in 0.45 M HClO4 medium with an I--selective electrode. Urine is analyzed directly for F- in 0.5 M HClO4 medium containing 0.001% of Triton X-100 by using two F--selective electrodes in a flow injection system. The latter method was applied to urine of persons drinking fluoridated water or occupationally exposed to F. The former method was applied to tissues from adults and infants, and the results are reported.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '2006-08-06 10:50:14', 'hits' => '7', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-13 12:09:40', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 200 OK', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'Dominok, G.W.', 'address' => 'Institute of Hygiene and Pathology, Cottbus, GDR', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => null, 'url' => 'www.fluorideresearch.org/191/files/FJ1986_v19_n1_p001-050.pdf', 'urltype' => 'pdfurl', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Improved methods for determination of fluoride in biological materials', Fluoride, 1986 19(1) 22-25', 'firstchar' => 'I', 'twochars' => 'Im', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 19 => array( 'id' => '013023', 'authors' => 'Gur'ev, I.A.;Kuleshova, N.V.', 'authorsweb' => 'I. A. Gur'ev and N. V. Kuleshova', 'title' => 'Sorption preconcentration and flow injection determination of cadmium', 'journal' => 'J. Anal. Chem.', 'journal_id' => '0798', 'fadid' => 'JACU1998V0053P00796', 'year' => '1998', 'volume' => '53', 'issue' => '9', 'startpage' => '796', 'endpage' => '799', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0478;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0290;0303;0400;', 'keywords' => ';0212;0089;0398;', 'abstract' => 'A procedure for the flow injection determination of Cd traces in aqueous solutions was developed. The procedure is based on the use of ion-selective electrodes sensitive to chloride or iodide complexes of Cd. Sorption pre-concentration simultaneously transforms Cd to anal. active species, it decreases the limit of detection, and improves the selectivity of determination.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:11:09', 'sjccheck' => 'No', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '15', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-23 18:49:51', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Object moved', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'NA', 'address' => 'Chemistry Department, Nizhni-Novgorod State University, prosp. Gagarina 23, 603600, Nizhni Novgorod, Russia', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => 'Not available on springer', 'url' => 'elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=13280948', 'urltype' => 'absurl', 'gotpdf' => 'no', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Sorption preconcentration and flow injection determination of cadmium', J. Anal. Chem., 1998 53(9) 796-799', 'firstchar' => 'S', 'twochars' => 'So', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 20 => array( 'id' => '014690', 'authors' => 'Muller, H.;Wallaschek, G.', 'authorsweb' => 'Helmut Müller, Günter Wallaschek', 'title' => 'Determination of water in organic solvents by using the Karl Fischer method with flow injection analysis', 'journal' => 'Z. Chem.', 'journal_id' => '0557', 'fadid' => 'ZSCH1984V0024P00075', 'year' => '1984', 'volume' => '24', 'issue' => '2', 'startpage' => '75', 'endpage' => '76', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';2508;', 'matrices' => ';0806;0630;', 'techniques' => ';0303;0337;0400;', 'keywords' => '', 'abstract' => 'Liquid paraffin is pumped into the reservoir to force the Karl Fischer reagent in two parallel streams into phase-separation vessels; in this way the reagent does not make contact with the pump tubing. The lower (reagent) phase from the separation vessels flows to the detection system; one stream passes the sample-introduction system and traverses a delay coil. A µflow-through I--selective electrode (Ag2S type) is used for potentiometric measurement, and the differential response is recorded. Calibration standards are included in each series of analyzes to compensate for changes in electrode response as its surface acquires an iodine-containing coating. From 0.01 to 5% (w/w) of water can be determined with a coefficient of variation of 3%, and 50 to 60 samples (e.g., 30 µL) can be analyzed in 1 h; only 0.9 mL of reagent is needed per determination.', 'language' => 'German', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'No', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '0', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 22:07:35', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'NA', 'address' => 'Technische Hochschule 'Carl Schorlemmer', Leuna-Merseburg, Sektion Chemie, 4200 Merseburg, Otto-Nuschke-Str, E.-Germany', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1002/zfch.19840240221', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Determination of water in organic solvents by using the Karl Fischer method with flow injection analysis', Z. Chem., 1984 24(2) 75-76', 'firstchar' => 'D', 'twochars' => 'De', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Keyword' => array([maximum depth reached]) ) ) ) $c = array( 'id' => '007457', 'authors' => 'Christopoulos, T.K.;Diamandis, E.P.', 'authorsweb' => 'Theodore K. Christopoulos and Eleftherios P. Diamandis', 'title' => 'Flow-through units for solid-state, liquid and PVC matrix membrane ion-selective electrodes to minimize streaming potentials', 'journal' => 'Analyst', 'journal_id' => '0864', 'fadid' => 'ANAL1987V0112P01293', 'year' => '1987', 'volume' => '112', 'issue' => '9', 'startpage' => '1293', 'endpage' => '1298', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1275;1757;1978;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0303;0315;0156;', 'keywords' => ';0258;0397;', 'abstract' => 'Three flow-through units were constructed (diagrams given) and evaluated for electrode membranes sensitive to iodide (solid), perchlorate (liquid) and propantheline (PVC matrix), respectively. Streaming potential oscillations were reduced to 0.2 mV by siting the sensing membrane as near as possible to the external reference electrolyte - sample solution contact zone. Air-segmented streams were used to study the effect of flow rates of 1.74, 3.64 and 6.7 mL min-1. Sampling rates of up to 60, 120 and 240 h-1, respectively, were achieved.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '0', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 00:02:43', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => '!Diamondis, E.P.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1039/an9871201293', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Flow-through units for solid-state, liquid and PVC matrix membrane ion-selective electrodes to minimize streaming potentials', Analyst, 1987 112(9) 1293-1298', 'firstchar' => 'F', 'twochars' => 'Fl', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( 'id' => '004561', 'citation_id' => '007457', 'technique_id' => '0303' ), 'Analyte' => array( (int) 0 => array( 'id' => '01275', 'name' => 'Iodide', 'iupac_name' => 'iodide', 'casrn' => '20461-54-5', 'synonyms' => 'iodide ion', 'total' => '85', 'inchi' => 'InChI=1S/HI/h1H/p-1', 'inchikey' => 'XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-M', 'formula' => 'I-', 'oxstate' => '-1', 'url' => '', 'charge' => '-1', 'class1' => 'Element', 'class2' => 'Non-metal', 'class3' => 'Halogen', 'class4' => 'Anion', 'class5' => '', 'isgroup' => '', 'checked' => 'yes', 'citation_count' => '0', 'updated' => '2015-10-23 21:29:44', 'first' => 'I', 'nametotal' => 'Iodide**85', 'AnalytesCitation' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 1 => array( 'id' => '01757', 'name' => 'Perchlorate', 'iupac_name' => 'perchlorate', 'casrn' => '14797-73-0', 'synonyms' => 'Perchlorate; Perchlorate ion', 'total' => '13', 'inchi' => 'InChI=1S/ClHO4/c2-1(3,4)5/h(H,2,3,4,5)/p-1', 'inchikey' => 'VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-M', 'formula' => 'ClO4-', 'oxstate' => null, 'url' => '', 'charge' => '-1', 'class1' => 'Element', 'class2' => 'NA', 'class3' => 'NA', 'class4' => 'Anion', 'class5' => '', 'isgroup' => '', 'checked' => 'yes', 'citation_count' => '0', 'updated' => '2015-10-23 21:33:56', 'first' => 'P', 'nametotal' => 'Perchlorate**13', 'AnalytesCitation' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 2 => array( 'id' => '01978', 'name' => 'Propantheline', 'iupac_name' => 'methyl-di(propan-2-yl)-[2-(9H-xanthene-9-carbonyloxy)ethyl]azanium', 'casrn' => '50-34-0', 'synonyms' => ' (2-Hydroxyethyl)diisopropylmethylammonium bromide xanthene-9-carboxylate; b-diisopropylaminoethyl 9-xanthenecarboxylate methobromide; Corrigast; Ercotina; Giquel; Ketaman; Neo-Metantyl; neopepulsan; N-Methyl-N-(1-methylethyl)-N-[2-[(9H-xanthen-9-ylcarbonyl)oxy]ethyl]-2-propanaminium bromide; Norpanth; Pantheline; Pro-banthine; pro-banthine bromide; Prodixamon; propantheline; Propantheline Bromide; xanthene-9-carboxylic acid, ester with (2-hydroxyethyl)diisopropylmethyl-ammonium bromide', 'total' => '1', 'inchi' => 'InChI=1S/C23H30NO3/c1-16(2)24(5,17(3)4)14-15-26-23(25)22-18-10-6-8-12-20(18)27-21-13-9-7-11-19(21)22/h6-13,16-17,22H,14-15H2,1-5H3/q+1', 'inchikey' => 'VVWYOYDLCMFIEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N', 'formula' => 'C22H27NO3', 'oxstate' => null, 'url' => '', 'charge' => '1', 'class1' => 'Organic compound', 'class2' => 'NA', 'class3' => 'NA', 'class4' => 'Molecule', 'class5' => 'Drugs', 'isgroup' => '', 'checked' => 'yes', 'citation_count' => '0', 'updated' => '2015-10-23 21:35:38', 'first' => 'P', 'nametotal' => 'Propantheline**1', 'AnalytesCitation' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ) ), 'Matrix' => array(), 'Keyword' => array( (int) 0 => array( 'id' => '0258', 'type' => 'Chemometrics', 'keyword' => 'Method comparison', 'newKeyword' => '', 'synonyms' => '', 'fao' => '', 'total' => '1232', 'first' => 'M', 'keytotal' => 'Method comparison**1232', 'CitationsKeyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 1 => array( 'id' => '0397', 'type' => 'Mobile Phase', 'keyword' => 'Segmented flow', 'newKeyword' => '', 'synonyms' => '', 'fao' => '', 'total' => '36', 'first' => 'S', 'keytotal' => 'Segmented flow**36', 'CitationsKeyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ) ) ) $i = (int) 5 $path = '' $a = '' $url = 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/an9871201293' $aus = 'Theodore K. Christopoulos and Eleftherios P. Diamandis'include - APP/View/Elements/citation.ctp, line 40 View::_evaluate() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 971 View::_render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 933 View::_renderElement() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 1224 View::element() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 418 include - APP/View/Techniques/view.ctp, line 52 View::_evaluate() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 971 View::_render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 933 View::render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 473 Controller::render() - CORE/Cake/Controller/Controller.php, line 968 Dispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/Cake/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 200 Dispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/Cake/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 167 [main] - APP/webroot/index.php, line 109
Abstract:
Three flow-through units were constructed (diagrams given) and evaluated for electrode membranes sensitive to iodide (solid), perchlorate (liquid) and propantheline (PVC matrix), respectively. Streaming potential oscillations were reduced to 0.2 mV by siting the sensing membrane as near as possible to the external reference electrolyte - sample solution contact zone. Air-segmented streams were used to study the effect of flow rates of 1.74, 3.64 and 6.7 mL min-1. Sampling rates of up to 60, 120 and 240 h-1, respectively, were achieved.
Iodide
Perchlorate
Propantheline
Method comparison
Segmented flow
"Effect Of Flow Injection Parameters On The Selectivity Of An Iodide-selective Electrode"
Analyst
1992 Volume 117, Issue 4 Pages 761-765
Notice (8): Undefined variable: uid [APP/View/Elements/citation.ctp, line 40]David E. Davey, Dennis E. Mulcahy and Gregory R. O'ConnellCode Context?><?phpif($uid!='') {$viewFile = '/home/stuchalk/public_html/fad/app/View/Elements/citation.ctp' $dataForView = array( 'data' => array( 'Technique' => array( 'id' => '0303', 'label' => 'Electrode', 'level1' => 'Electrode', 'level2' => 'ion selective', 'level3' => 'iodide', 'level4' => '', 'level5' => '', 'synonyms' => 'Ion selective electrode,ISE', 'champ' => '', 'total' => '21', 'updated' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'name' => 'Electrode, ion selective, iodide', 'nametotal' => 'Electrode, ion selective, iodide**21', 'first' => 'E' ), 'Citation' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 1 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 2 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 3 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 4 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 5 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 6 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 7 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 8 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 9 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 10 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 11 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 12 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 13 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 14 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 15 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 16 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 17 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 18 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 19 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 20 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ) ), 'c' => array( 'id' => '007658', 'authors' => 'Davey, D.E.;Mulcahy, D.E.;O'Connell, G.R.', 'authorsweb' => 'David E. Davey, Dennis E. Mulcahy and Gregory R. O'Connell', 'title' => 'Effect of flow injection parameters on the selectivity of an iodide-selective electrode', 'journal' => 'Analyst', 'journal_id' => '0864', 'fadid' => 'ANAL1992V0117P00761', 'year' => '1992', 'volume' => '117', 'issue' => '4', 'startpage' => '761', 'endpage' => '765', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1275;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0303;', 'keywords' => ';0398;0217;0302;', 'abstract' => 'The effects of sample loop volume, flow rate, carrier I- concentration, interferents, solution pH and temperature were studied, with selectivity coefficient being measured for Br-, SCN- and thiosulfate. Samples of 100 µL should be mixed with a 1 µM-KI carrier and a 0.1 M KNO3 reagent stream flowing at a combined rate of 6 to 7 mL min-1 in either neutral or acid solution at 20°C. A study has been carried out on the influence of several experimental parameters on the selectivity of a homogeneous membrane iodide-selective electrode operating under flow injection conditions. Selectivity coefficients were measured for bromide, thiocyanate and thiosulfate by use of a mixed-solution technique, with the effects of sample loop volume, flow rate, carrier iodide concentration, interferent activity, solution pH and temperature being investigated in turn. When the flow system was optimized, it proved possible to double the selectivity of the electrode towards iodide. Facets of the observed behavior were found to correlate well with existing theories on the time-dependent response of solid-state ion-selective electrodes. Peak profiles were also examined, with particular attention being given to the potential excursions or 'overshoots' recorded when mixed solutions of low iodide activity were injected into the flow stream.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '2', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 08:32:42', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'NA', 'address' => 'Sch. Chem. Technol., Univ. South Australia, The Levels, 5095, Australia', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1039/an9921700761', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Effect of flow injection parameters on the selectivity of an iodide-selective electrode', Analyst, 1992 117(4) 761-765', 'firstchar' => 'E', 'twochars' => 'Ef', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( 'id' => '004894', 'citation_id' => '007658', 'technique_id' => '0303' ), 'Analyte' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), 'Matrix' => array(), 'Keyword' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 1 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 2 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ) ), 'i' => (int) 6 ) $data = array( 'Technique' => array( 'id' => '0303', 'label' => 'Electrode', 'level1' => 'Electrode', 'level2' => 'ion selective', 'level3' => 'iodide', 'level4' => '', 'level5' => '', 'synonyms' => 'Ion selective electrode,ISE', 'champ' => '', 'total' => '21', 'updated' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'name' => 'Electrode, ion selective, iodide', 'nametotal' => 'Electrode, ion selective, iodide**21', 'first' => 'E' ), 'Citation' => array( (int) 0 => array( 'id' => '003989', 'authors' => 'Trojanowicz, M.A.;Matuszewski, W.;Hulanicki, A.', 'authorsweb' => 'Marek Trojanowicz, Wojciech Matuszewski and Adam Hulanicki', 'title' => 'Flow injection potentiometric determination of residual chlorine in water', 'journal' => 'Anal. Chim. Acta', 'journal_id' => '0584', 'fadid' => 'ANCA1982V0136P00085', 'year' => '1982', 'volume' => '136', 'issue' => '1', 'startpage' => '85', 'endpage' => '92 ', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0597;', 'matrices' => ';0372;', 'techniques' => ';0192;0303;0400;', 'keywords' => '', 'abstract' => 'Residual chlorine is measured in water by using a potentiometric system composed of an iodide-selective electrode and a platinum electrode sensing the iodine-iodide ratio. When the sample is added to acidified iodide solution, the cell response is in a logarithmic relation to the iodine concentration which in turn depends on the concentration of residual chlorine. In the flow injection system evolved, 0.1-5.0 mg L-1 residual chlorine can be determined at a rate of 40-60 samples per hour. The results of potentiometric determinations of residual chlorine in tap water compared to spectrophotometric results suggest that the presence of various organic substances is responsible for discrepancies between these measurements.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '9', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 15:43:35', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00320', 'pauthor' => '!Trojanowicz, M.A.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1016/S0003-2670(01)95366-8', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Flow injection potentiometric determination of residual chlorine in water', Anal. Chim. Acta, 1982 136(1) 85-92 ', 'firstchar' => 'F', 'twochars' => 'Fl', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Keyword' => array([maximum depth reached]) ), (int) 1 => array( 'id' => '005156', 'authors' => 'Figuerola, E.;Florido, A.;Aguilar, M.;De Pablo, J.;Alegret, S.', 'authorsweb' => 'E. Figuerola, A. Florido, M. Aguilar and J. De Pablo, S. Alegret', 'title' => 'Sequential flow injection determination of cyanide and weak metal cyanide complexes with flow-through heterogeneous membrane electrodes', 'journal' => 'Anal. Chim. Acta', 'journal_id' => '0584', 'fadid' => 'ANCA1988V0215P00283', 'year' => '1988', 'volume' => '215', 'issue' => '1-2', 'startpage' => '283', 'endpage' => '288', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0716;0717;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0127;0303;0400;', 'keywords' => ';0173;0217;0302;0212;0258;', 'abstract' => 'Two I--selective heterogeneous epoxy-based membrane flow-through electrodes were placed before and after a gas diffusion unit in a flow injection system for determination of free and total CN-. The CN--containing sample was injected into a KNO3 carrier solution and free CN- was determined by the first flow-through electrode. The solution was then treated with the HCl stream in the reaction coil. The HCN evolved passed through the gas-permeable membrane in the diffusion unit and was collected in an alkaline solution, where the CN- was measured by the second flow-through electrode. Under optimum conditions, the response was rectilinear from 10 µM to 1 mM CN- and the coefficient of variation were ~2% with a sampling rate of 20 h-1. Total CN- could be determined in the presence of Zn, Cu(II) and Cd but results were low in the presence of Ni, Co(II) and Fe(III). Sulfide and SCN- were not tolerated. The reproducibility was worse than that of spectrophotometric detection but the method could be used over a wider concentration. range and was more suitable for an online control monitoring system.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '2', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 15:55:59', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'NA', 'address' => '?', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1016/S0003-2670(00)85287-3', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Sequential flow injection determination of cyanide and weak metal cyanide complexes with flow-through heterogeneous membrane electrodes', Anal. Chim. Acta, 1988 215(1-2) 283-288', 'firstchar' => 'S', 'twochars' => 'Se', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 2 => array( 'id' => '005694', 'authors' => 'Van Staden, J.F.', 'authorsweb' => 'Jacobus F. van Staden', 'title' => 'Response time phenomena of coated open-tubular solid-state silver halide-selective electrodes and their influence on sample dispersion in flow injection analysis', 'journal' => 'Anal. Chim. Acta', 'journal_id' => '0584', 'fadid' => 'ANCA1992V0261P00381', 'year' => '1992', 'volume' => '261', 'issue' => '1-2', 'startpage' => '381', 'endpage' => '390', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0451;0594;1275;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0283;0290;0303;', 'keywords' => ';0302;0410;0119;', 'abstract' => 'A comparative study has been made of the response times of coated open-tubular Ag membrane electrodes selective towards Cl-, Br- or I- (cf. Ibid., 1986, 179, 407) as they affect the throughput of flow injection analysis systems. The tubular indicator electrodes were used in conjunction with an Orion 90-02 double-junction reference electrode with 10% KNO3 solution in its outer chamber. The digitized signals were smoothed by applying the DS (data sets) Cat and Smooth operations of the ASYST software; typical background-corrected graphs for the flow injection measurement of halides (10 to 5000 mg l-1) are reproduced. Examination of the leading edges of the various peaks showed that their rate of response was independent of concentration. and did not significantly decrease the sampling rate, although the response of the Br- electrode at the initial peak-formation stages near the baseline was slightly slower than that of the others. The rate of response of the trailing edges was mainly responsible for the sampling rate in an optimized flow injection system, and the I- electrode showed a memory effect, which was largely responsible for the low sampling rate of this system compared with similar systems with the other two electrodes. The contribution of the memory effect or response time phenomena of coated open-tubular solid state chloride-, bromide-, and iodide-selective electrodes on the anal. output in flow injection systems are presented for concentration. ranges between 10 and 5000 mg L-1. The rate of response for the leading edges of all three electrodes due to electrode properties are independent of concentration. and do not contribute significantly to any decrease in sampling rate, although the rate of response of the bromide-selective electrode flow injection analysis (FIA) system seems to be slightly slower than the other two electrode systems at the initial peak-formation stages near the base line. The rate of response for the tailing edges of the different electrodes due to electrode properties is mainly responsible for the sampling rate obtained in an optimized FIA-ISE system. The memory effect of the iodide-selective electrode is mainly responsible for the fact that the sampling rate of this system is very much lower than the sampling rate obtained for similar systems with the other two electrodes. For the bromide-selective electrode system, the slower rate of response due to electrode properties at the tailing edges (especially with high concentrations of bromide) than that of the chloride-selective electrode, contributes mainly to a lower sampling output for the bromide-selective electrode-FIA system when compared with the chloride electrode system.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '6', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 16:06:13', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00328', 'pauthor' => '!Van Staden, J.F.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1016/0003-2670(92)80217-U', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Response time phenomena of coated open-tubular solid-state silver halide-selective electrodes and their influence on sample dispersion in flow injection analysis', Anal. Chim. Acta, 1992 261(1-2) 381-390', 'firstchar' => 'R', 'twochars' => 'Re', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 3 => array( 'id' => '006910', 'authors' => 'Alegret, S.;Florido, A.;Lima, J.L.F.C.;Machado, A.A.S.C.', 'authorsweb' => 'S. Alegret*, A. Florido, J. L. F. C. Lima and A. A. S. C. Machado ', 'title' => 'Flow-through tubular iodide- and bromide-selective electrodes based on epoxy-resin heterogeneous membranes', 'journal' => 'Talanta', 'journal_id' => '0569', 'fadid' => 'TALT1989V0036P00825', 'year' => '1989', 'volume' => '36', 'issue' => '8', 'startpage' => '825', 'endpage' => '829', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1275;0451;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0283;0303;', 'keywords' => ';0217;0253;0385;0213;', 'abstract' => 'The electrodes were made from 4-mm lengths of Perspex tubing (1 cm o.d., 8 mm i.d.), which were filled with Ag-containing conductive epoxy-resin to which a shielded cable was then attached. A hole (1.75 mm diameter) was drilled through the centre, which was then packed with powdered AgX - Ag2S mixture (X = I or Br) dispersed in non-conductive epoxy-resin. A central channel (0.75 mm diameter) was then drilled leaving a membrane of 0.5-mm thickness. The response characteristics were evaluated in a low-dispersion flow injection system, and both showed a Nernstian response between 50 µM and 0.1 M with good reproducibility and a rapid response that permitted a sampling rate of 60 h-1. Operational pH ranges for I- and Br- were 2.5 to 11 and 3 to 10, respectively. Interference by several ions is reported; I- must be absent in determinations with the Br- electrode.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '11', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 14:55:17', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00788', 'pauthor' => '!Alegret, S.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1016/0039-9140(89)80162-6', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Flow-through tubular iodide- and bromide-selective electrodes based on epoxy-resin heterogeneous membranes', Talanta, 1989 36(8) 825-829', 'firstchar' => 'F', 'twochars' => 'Fl', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 4 => array( 'id' => '006998', 'authors' => 'Najib, F.M.;Othman, S.', 'authorsweb' => 'Fadhil M. Najib* and Shireen Othman, ', 'title' => 'Simultaneous determination of chloride, bromide, iodide and fluoride with flow injection - ion-selective electrode systems', 'journal' => 'Talanta', 'journal_id' => '0569', 'fadid' => 'TALT1992V0039P01259', 'year' => '1992', 'volume' => '39', 'issue' => '10', 'startpage' => '1259', 'endpage' => '1267', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0594;0451;1275;0982;', 'matrices' => ';0372;', 'techniques' => ';0283;0290;0298;0303;', 'keywords' => ';0258;0320;0217;', 'abstract' => 'Electrodes for Cl-, Br- and I- were constructed (preparation described) from Ag2 - AgCl or AgBr (1:1) and Ag2S - AgI (1:3); for F- a commercial electrode was used. By combining the electrodes and suppressor columns of AgCl and amalgamated Pb, the ions were simultaneously determined in a carrier stream (0.5 mL min-1) of e.g. 0.1 M HClO4 at pH 4.0. The calibration graphs were rectilinear down to 100, 5, 1 and 5 µM for Cl-, Br-, I- and F-, respectively. The reproducibility was 1% for the determination of the halides in eight water samples, the results agreed well with those obtained by three reference methods. Flow-through ion-selective electrodes were constructed from compressed pellets (8-10 mm thick, 13 mm diameter, 10 tons/cm2 pressure) of Ag2S/AgX (X = Cl-, Br- or I-) drilled longitudinally (1.5 mm diameter hole) to be suitable for use in flow injection analysis. A column of AgCl (5.5 cm long, 2-3 mm internal diameter) was included in the Cl- electrode manifold to remove interferences from 10^-4 M Br- and 3 x 10^-5 M I- and S2-. A column of amalgamated lead (2-3 cm long, 2-3 mm internal diameter) was used in the Br--electrode manifold to remove interference from 2 x 10^-5 M I-, 3 x 10^-5 M S2- and 7 x 10^-4 M Cl-. These columns and the addition of ascorbic acid were not required when I- was determined with the iodide electrode. The carrier stream was 0.1 M sodium perchlorate (pH 4) at a flow-rate of 0.5 mL/min. The sample pH could be 4-7. Simultaneous determination of Cl- and I-, Cl-, I- and Br-, and Cl-, I-, Br- and F- ions was possible with combinations of the corresponding electrodes and columns in series and/or parallel in specially designed manifolds. Calibration plots were linear, with almost theoretical slopes, down to 10^-6 M I-, 5 x 10^-6 M Br-, 10^-4 M Cl- and 5 x 10^-6 M F-, with precision better than 1%. Sampling rates for single-ion determinations were 72, 102, 90 and 80 per h for the one-, two-, three- and four-electrode systems respectively. Determinations of these ions in water samples by the recommended procedure and by established batch methods showed no significant difference at the 95% confidence limits in a paired comparison t-test.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '28', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 14:59:47', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'Najib, F.M.', 'address' => 'Department of Chemistry, University of Salahaddin, Arbil, Iraq', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1016/0039-9140(92)80234-5', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Simultaneous determination of chloride, bromide, iodide and fluoride with flow injection - ion-selective electrode systems', Talanta, 1992 39(10) 1259-1267', 'firstchar' => 'S', 'twochars' => 'Si', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 5 => array( 'id' => '007457', 'authors' => 'Christopoulos, T.K.;Diamandis, E.P.', 'authorsweb' => 'Theodore K. Christopoulos and Eleftherios P. Diamandis', 'title' => 'Flow-through units for solid-state, liquid and PVC matrix membrane ion-selective electrodes to minimize streaming potentials', 'journal' => 'Analyst', 'journal_id' => '0864', 'fadid' => 'ANAL1987V0112P01293', 'year' => '1987', 'volume' => '112', 'issue' => '9', 'startpage' => '1293', 'endpage' => '1298', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1275;1757;1978;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0303;0315;0156;', 'keywords' => ';0258;0397;', 'abstract' => 'Three flow-through units were constructed (diagrams given) and evaluated for electrode membranes sensitive to iodide (solid), perchlorate (liquid) and propantheline (PVC matrix), respectively. Streaming potential oscillations were reduced to 0.2 mV by siting the sensing membrane as near as possible to the external reference electrolyte - sample solution contact zone. Air-segmented streams were used to study the effect of flow rates of 1.74, 3.64 and 6.7 mL min-1. Sampling rates of up to 60, 120 and 240 h-1, respectively, were achieved.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '0', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 00:02:43', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => '!Diamondis, E.P.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1039/an9871201293', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Flow-through units for solid-state, liquid and PVC matrix membrane ion-selective electrodes to minimize streaming potentials', Analyst, 1987 112(9) 1293-1298', 'firstchar' => 'F', 'twochars' => 'Fl', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 6 => array( 'id' => '007658', 'authors' => 'Davey, D.E.;Mulcahy, D.E.;O'Connell, G.R.', 'authorsweb' => 'David E. Davey, Dennis E. Mulcahy and Gregory R. O'Connell', 'title' => 'Effect of flow injection parameters on the selectivity of an iodide-selective electrode', 'journal' => 'Analyst', 'journal_id' => '0864', 'fadid' => 'ANAL1992V0117P00761', 'year' => '1992', 'volume' => '117', 'issue' => '4', 'startpage' => '761', 'endpage' => '765', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1275;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0303;', 'keywords' => ';0398;0217;0302;', 'abstract' => 'The effects of sample loop volume, flow rate, carrier I- concentration, interferents, solution pH and temperature were studied, with selectivity coefficient being measured for Br-, SCN- and thiosulfate. Samples of 100 µL should be mixed with a 1 µM-KI carrier and a 0.1 M KNO3 reagent stream flowing at a combined rate of 6 to 7 mL min-1 in either neutral or acid solution at 20°C. A study has been carried out on the influence of several experimental parameters on the selectivity of a homogeneous membrane iodide-selective electrode operating under flow injection conditions. Selectivity coefficients were measured for bromide, thiocyanate and thiosulfate by use of a mixed-solution technique, with the effects of sample loop volume, flow rate, carrier iodide concentration, interferent activity, solution pH and temperature being investigated in turn. When the flow system was optimized, it proved possible to double the selectivity of the electrode towards iodide. Facets of the observed behavior were found to correlate well with existing theories on the time-dependent response of solid-state ion-selective electrodes. Peak profiles were also examined, with particular attention being given to the potential excursions or 'overshoots' recorded when mixed solutions of low iodide activity were injected into the flow stream.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '2', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 08:32:42', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'NA', 'address' => 'Sch. Chem. Technol., Univ. South Australia, The Levels, 5095, Australia', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1039/an9921700761', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Effect of flow injection parameters on the selectivity of an iodide-selective electrode', Analyst, 1992 117(4) 761-765', 'firstchar' => 'E', 'twochars' => 'Ef', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 7 => array( 'id' => '008266', 'authors' => 'Alexander, P.W.;Seegopaul, P.', 'authorsweb' => 'Peter W. Alexander and Purneshwar Seegopaul', 'title' => 'Rapid-flow continuous analysis with ion-selective electrodes', 'journal' => 'Anal. Chem.', 'journal_id' => '0499', 'fadid' => 'ANCH1980V0052P02403', 'year' => '1980', 'volume' => '52', 'issue' => '14', 'startpage' => '2403', 'endpage' => '2406', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1275;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0303;', 'keywords' => '', 'abstract' => 'A study of rapid sampling in a continuous-flow system is reported with an iodide solid-state electrode as a continuous sensor. The system is operated by consecutive manual aspiration of sample and wash solutions into a flow manifold with air segmentation to reduce carry-over. The design features and flow rates used in the operation of the system are described, and it is found that sampling rates up to 360/h are permissible with flow rates as low as 9.2 mL min-1. The concept of combining rapid flow with air segmentation is shown to give an Improved method for achieving rapid sampling with electrode detection in a continuous-flow system with advantages over the more complex bubble-gating and flow-injection techniques currently in use.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2014-11-12 21:24:23', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '8', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 18:32:10', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00008', 'pauthor' => '!Alexander, P.W.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => 'Not DOI assigned. Use issue url', 'url' => '10.1021/ac50064a038', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Rapid-flow continuous analysis with ion-selective electrodes', Anal. Chem., 1980 52(14) 2403-2406', 'firstchar' => 'R', 'twochars' => 'Ra', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array([maximum depth reached]) ), (int) 8 => array( 'id' => '008892', 'authors' => 'Van Staden, J.F.', 'authorsweb' => 'Jacobus F. van Staden', 'title' => 'Incorporation of a coated tubular solid-state iodide selective electrode into the conduits of a flow injection system', 'journal' => 'Fresenius J. Anal. Chem.', 'journal_id' => '0944', 'fadid' => 'FJAC1986V0325P00247', 'year' => '1986', 'volume' => '325', 'issue' => '3', 'startpage' => '247', 'endpage' => '251', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1275;', 'matrices' => ';0473;', 'techniques' => ';0303;0400;', 'keywords' => ';0043;0090;0302;0354;0223;0054;', 'abstract' => 'A tubular flow-through electrode (5 mm long, 2 mm i.d.) prepared by depositing AgI on silver foil and connected to an Orion Research microprocessor Ionalyzer with an Orion double-junction reference electrode was incorporated in a flow injection system (diagram given) capable of 90 samples h-1. Samples and ionic-strength-adjustment buffer were fed by a peristaltic pump with a pulse suppression system. Optimum sensitivity and response were obtained with 0.1 M KNO3 - 0.02 M acetic acid buffer. Response of carefully conditioned electrodes was rectilinear from 5 to 5000 mg L-1 of I-; they were stable and needed little maintenance. Analyses of iodized table salt agreed reasonably with quoted I- concentration, with a coefficient of variation of <1.8% (n = 15). The practical range was 5 to 2000 mg l-1.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '15', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 00:20:33', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00328', 'pauthor' => '!Van Staden, J.F.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1007/BF00498166', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Incorporation of a coated tubular solid-state iodide selective electrode into the conduits of a flow injection system', Fresenius J. Anal. Chem., 1986 325(3) 247-251', 'firstchar' => 'I', 'twochars' => 'In', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 9 => array( 'id' => '008904', 'authors' => 'Trojanowicz, M.A.;Frenzel, W.', 'authorsweb' => 'Marek Trojanowicz and Wolfgang Frenzel', 'title' => 'Flow injection potentiometry for low level measurements in the presence of sensed ion in the carrier', 'journal' => 'Fresenius J. Anal. Chem.', 'journal_id' => '0944', 'fadid' => 'FJAC1987V0328P00653', 'year' => '1987', 'volume' => '328', 'issue' => '8', 'startpage' => '653', 'endpage' => '656', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0982;1275;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0298;0303;0400;', 'keywords' => ';0464;', 'abstract' => 'A theoretical treatment based on the Nikolski equation is presented for the response of ion-sensitive electrodes in flow injection analysis, and the predictions are compared with experimental results obtained with a F--selective electrode and 0.2 M NaCl - 0.2 M acetate buffer (pH 5.2) containing F- (100 µg l-1) as carrier and with an I--selective electrode and a carrier of 0.2 M KNO3 containing ascorbic acid (1 g l-1) and I- (100 µg l-1). Measurements were made in a single-line manifold with a variable length of tubing (0.8 mm i.d.) and an injected volume of 100 µL. Significant deviations due to slow response were observed, but it is possible to linearize the calibration graph for low-dispersion systems and the electrodes can be used, with limited sensitivity, in the µg L-1 concentration. range.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '21', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 00:20:53', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00320', 'pauthor' => '!Trojanowicz, M.A.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1007/BF00488664', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Flow injection potentiometry for low level measurements in the presence of sensed ion in the carrier', Fresenius J. Anal. Chem., 1987 328(8) 653-656', 'firstchar' => 'F', 'twochars' => 'Fl', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 10 => array( 'id' => '008907', 'authors' => 'Ilcheva, L.;Trojanowicz, M.A.;Krawczynski Vel Krawczyk, T.', 'authorsweb' => 'Liliana Ilcheva, Marek Trojanowicz and Tadeusz Krawczynski vel Krawczyk', 'title' => 'Effect of addition of main ion to carrier solution in potentiometric flow injection measurements with solid state ion-selective electrodes', 'journal' => 'Fresenius J. Anal. Chem.', 'journal_id' => '0944', 'fadid' => 'FJAC1987V0328P00027', 'year' => '1987', 'volume' => '328', 'issue' => '1-2', 'startpage' => '27', 'endpage' => '32', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0982;0594;1275;0684;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0238;0290;0295;0298;0303;0400;', 'keywords' => ';0401;0464;', 'abstract' => 'Flow injection measurements were made by using a flow-through cup (described and illustrated) and Cl--, F--, I-- and Cu(II)-selective electrodes. The addition of the main ion to the carrier solution to create a constant background level of main ion produces a significant improvement in response for the F-- and I--selective electrodes. However, a very slow return of the potential value to the baseline is observed for I- measurements; this is attributable to the slow desorption of I- from the electrode surface. The super-Nernstian slope observed for the F-- and Cu(II)-selective electrodes in the absence of F- or Cu(II) in the carrier solution decreased to Nernstian values in the presence of the ions in the carrier solution', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '27', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 00:20:46', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00320', 'pauthor' => '!Trojanowicz, M.A.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1007/BF00560942', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Effect of addition of main ion to carrier solution in potentiometric flow injection measurements with solid state ion-selective electrodes', Fresenius J. Anal. Chem., 1987 328(1-2) 27-32', 'firstchar' => 'E', 'twochars' => 'Ef', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 11 => array( 'id' => '009866', 'authors' => 'Davey, D.E.;Mulcahy, D.E.;O'Connell, G.R.', 'authorsweb' => 'David E. Davey, Dennis E. Mulcahy, Gregory R. O'Connell', 'title' => 'Comparison of detector cell configurations in flow injection potentiometry', 'journal' => 'Electroanalysis', 'journal_id' => '1003', 'fadid' => 'ELAN1993V0005P00581', 'year' => '1993', 'volume' => '5', 'issue' => '7', 'startpage' => '581', 'endpage' => '588', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1275;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0400;0303;', 'keywords' => ';0258;', 'abstract' => 'A solid-state iodide-selective electrode was used to compare the performances of flow-through, edge-jet and wall-jet detector cell configurations in FIA. Cell volume of 4-210 µL were studied with flow streams of 1.7 or 3.2 ml/min and injections of 0.1 M KI were made into a flow stream of 10 µM-KI or of 0.1 M KNO3. Similarly good results were obtained for each configuration in the cell volume range 4-63 µL at 1.7 ml/min or 4-120 µL at 3.2 ml/min, but best results were given generally under thin-layer flow conditions which occurred in the cell volume range 4-33 µL. The range of cell volume that could yield steady data decreased in the order edge-jet, wall-jet, flow-through configuration.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '7', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 14:09:26', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00106', 'pauthor' => '!Davey, D.E.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1002/elan.1140050709', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'no', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Comparison of detector cell configurations in flow injection potentiometry', Electroanalysis, 1993 5(7) 581-588', 'firstchar' => 'C', 'twochars' => 'Co', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 12 => array( 'id' => '009877', 'authors' => 'Daunert, S.;Florido, A.;Bricker, J.;Dunaway, W.;Bachas, L.G.;Valiente, M.', 'authorsweb' => 'Sylvia Daunert, Antonio Florido, Jordi Bricker, Wes Dunaway, Leonidas G. Bachas, Manuel Valiente', 'title' => 'Iodide-selective electrodes based on a mercury - tri-isobutylphosphine sulfide complex', 'journal' => 'Electroanalysis', 'journal_id' => '1003', 'fadid' => 'ELAN1993V0005P00839', 'year' => '1993', 'volume' => '5', 'issue' => '9-10', 'startpage' => '839', 'endpage' => '843', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';2324;1275;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0303;0400;', 'keywords' => '', 'abstract' => 'Tri-isobutylphosphine sulfide - Hg complex-based ISE were prepared (described) and were used in conjunction with an Orion 90-02-00 double-junction reference electrode. Batchwise potentiometric measurements were made in 0.1 M 2-morpholinoethanesulfonic acid (I)/NaOH buffers of pH 5.5, 6 or 6.5 or 0.1 M NaH2PO4/NaOH buffers of pH 6 or 6.5. Various Hg complex/PVC/plasticizer/DMF/THF mixtures were also used to prepare a membrane within a flow-through tubular electrode made from Epo-Tek 410 Ag-based conductive epoxy. This membrane electrode was used for detection in FIA. ISE containing 4% of ionophore showed near-Nernstian response to thiocyanate in all three I buffers and the detection limit was 2-4 µM, slightly better than in the phosphate buffers (detection limit of 5 µM-thiocyanate). Response times averaged 1 min for thiocyanate and 12 min for iodide. In FIA, the best signals were obtained with 100 µL sample injections and a carrier flow rate of 3.3 ml/min; with a membrane containing 4% of ionophore, the peak heights were reproducible to within ±1 mV for three injections at a given concentration.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '7', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 14:09:32', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00857', 'pauthor' => '!Bachas, L.G.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1002/elan.1140050919', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'no', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Iodide-selective electrodes based on a mercury - tri-isobutylphosphine sulfide complex', Electroanalysis, 1993 5(9-10) 839-843', 'firstchar' => 'I', 'twochars' => 'Io', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array([maximum depth reached]) ), (int) 13 => array( 'id' => '009899', 'authors' => 'Davey, D.E.;Mulcahy, D.E.;O'Connell, G.R.;Smart, R.S.', 'authorsweb' => 'David E. Davey, Dennis E. Mulcahy, Gregory R. O'Connell, Roger StC. Smart', 'title' => 'A flow injection/XPS investigation of the effect of redox equilibria on the selectivity of an iodide-selective electrode', 'journal' => 'Electroanalysis', 'journal_id' => '1003', 'fadid' => 'ELAN1995V0007P00461', 'year' => '1995', 'volume' => '7', 'issue' => '5', 'startpage' => '461', 'endpage' => '470', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1275;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0303;0400;', 'keywords' => ';0217;0377;0398;', 'abstract' => 'Bromide, thiocyanate and thiosulfate were studied as three moderately-interfering species. The flow injection (FI) manifold was as described earlier (Pure Appl. Chem, 1976, 48, 129). Potentiometric measurements were made with an Orion Research Model 710A digital pH/mV meter and the Orion 94-06A iodide ISE was used for most of the FI work. Neutral and acidified iodate and bromate oxidant streams increased the selectivity of the iodide electrode towards the interferents. Use of ascorbic acid or metabisulfite reducing streams resulted in a greater degree of selectivity towards iodide than was obtained with either of the neutral oxidant streams but a lower degree of selectivity than was obtained when a simple nitrate reagent stream was present. Thiosulfate damaged the surface of the electrode irreparably, with a concomitant excessive peak broadening in the FI experiment and very poor baseline recovery.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '8', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 14:10:24', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '01201', 'pauthor' => '!O'Connell, G.R.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1002/elan.1140070510', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'no', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''A flow injection/XPS investigation of the effect of redox equilibria on the selectivity of an iodide-selective electrode', Electroanalysis, 1995 7(5) 461-470', 'firstchar' => 'A', 'twochars' => 'A ', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 14 => array( 'id' => '009912', 'authors' => 'Davey, D.E.;Mulcahy, D.E.;O'Connell, G.R.', 'authorsweb' => 'David E. Davey, Dennis E. Mulcahy, Gregory R. O'Connell*', 'title' => 'Effect of membrane composition on the flow injection response of an ion-selective electrode: a comparative study based an selectivity coefficients calculated using a data linearization technique', 'journal' => 'Electroanalysis', 'journal_id' => '1003', 'fadid' => 'ELAN1996V0008P00274', 'year' => '1996', 'volume' => '8', 'issue' => '3', 'startpage' => '274', 'endpage' => '279', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1275;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0303;0284;0330;0400;', 'keywords' => ';0217;', 'abstract' => 'Portions of 100 µL of iodide solutions containing 100 mM bromide, thiocyanate and thiosulfate as interferents were injected into carrier and reagent streams (total flow 6.6 ml/min) of 1 µM-KI and 100 mM KNO3, and iodide detected using a variety of purpose made AgI/Ag2S (details given) and commercially available iodide, sulfide and cadmium ISE. Calibration graphs of the respective ISE responses are presented. Most sensors showed good analytical performance, excepting that prepared from a 3:1 AgI/Ag2S membrane.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '8', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 14:10:51', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '01201', 'pauthor' => '!O'Connell, G.R.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1002/elan.1140080313', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Effect of membrane composition on the flow injection response of an ion-selective electrode: a comparative study based an selectivity coefficients calculated using a data linearization technique', Electroanalysis, 1996 8(3) 274-279', 'firstchar' => 'E', 'twochars' => 'Ef', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 15 => array( 'id' => '009940', 'authors' => 'Di Benedetto, L.T.;Dimitrakopoulos, T.', 'authorsweb' => 'Lucy Tina Di Benedetto, Telis Dimitrakopoulos*', 'title' => 'Evaluation of a new wall-jet flow-through cell for commercial ion-selective electrodes in flow injection potentiometry', 'journal' => 'Electroanalysis', 'journal_id' => '1003', 'fadid' => 'ELAN1997V0009P00179', 'year' => '1997', 'volume' => '9', 'issue' => '2', 'startpage' => '179', 'endpage' => '182', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0205;0487;1275;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0400;0285;0303;', 'keywords' => ';0167;0043;', 'abstract' => 'The cited poly(methyl methacrylate) cell (28 x 25 x 35 mm) which can accommodate commercial gas-sensing, liquid polymer membrane and solid-state-based ISE is described (diagram given). The cell contains a 1 mm i.d. Ag/AgCl wire reference electrode and the dead volume of the ISE compartment is 18 µL. Two separate inlets and flow channels are used to carry the sample and reference solutions to the ISE and reference electrode, respectively, after which the streams are merged and carried to waste. The analysis rate was up to 240 samples/h and injection volumes >=50 µL are recommended. An Orion 95-12 ammonia ISE was used in the cell with a sample injection volume of 100 µL and 1 M KOH/1 µM-NH4Cl and 1 M KCl as carrier and reference solutions, respectively, e.g., at total flow rate of 1.8 ml/min. Calibration graphs of potential vs. log. NH3 concentration were linear for 0.1-10 mM NH3 and peak height RSD were 0.4-3.5%. The flow cell was also used to determine Ca and iodide using appropriate ISE.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '9', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 14:11:38', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00943', 'pauthor' => '!Dimitrakopoulos, T.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1002/elan.1140090219', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Evaluation of a new wall-jet flow-through cell for commercial ion-selective electrodes in flow injection potentiometry', Electroanalysis, 1997 9(2) 179-182', 'firstchar' => 'E', 'twochars' => 'Ev', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 16 => array( 'id' => '011126', 'authors' => 'Ilcheva, L.K.;Cammann, K.;Georgieva, T.', 'authorsweb' => 'NA', 'title' => 'Iodide selective electrode in flow injection system', 'journal' => 'Analusis', 'journal_id' => '0562', 'fadid' => 'ANLU1988V0016P00101', 'year' => '1988', 'volume' => '16', 'issue' => '9-10', 'startpage' => '101', 'endpage' => '104', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1275;', 'matrices' => ';0671;', 'techniques' => ';0303;', 'keywords' => ';0128;0217;', 'abstract' => 'Baseline drift that occurred during use of the I--selective electrode [Seibold 57-17 (Radelkis)] in presence of a high Cl- concentration. could be avoided by use of a flow injection system with the addition of ascorbic acid to the carrier stream. Thus, 50 ppm of I- in high-purity NaCl could be determined by flow injection analysis in a carrier stream (1.7 mL min-1) of 0.1 M NaNO3 containing 0.1 mg L-1 of ascorbic acid with use of the cited electrode. No interference from Cl- memory effects could be detected.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:11:09', 'sjccheck' => 'No', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '0', 'urlcheck' => '2006-05-20 18:43:48', 'urlcheckcode' => '', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'NA', 'address' => 'Higher Chem. Technol. Inst., Dept. Anal. Chem., 1156 Sofia Bulgaria', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => 'NA SJC 102114', 'url' => 'NA', 'urltype' => 'NA', 'gotpdf' => 'no', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Iodide selective electrode in flow injection system', Analusis, 1988 16(9-10) 101-104', 'firstchar' => 'I', 'twochars' => 'Io', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 17 => array( 'id' => '011372', 'authors' => 'Volesky, B.;Emond, C.', 'authorsweb' => 'B. Volesky, C. Emond', 'title' => 'Continuous-flow monitoring of lactose concentration', 'journal' => 'Biotechnol. Bioeng.', 'journal_id' => '0782', 'fadid' => 'BTBE1979V0021P01251', 'year' => '1979', 'volume' => '21', 'issue' => '7', 'startpage' => '1251', 'endpage' => '1276', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1349;', 'matrices' => 'NA', 'techniques' => ';0303;', 'keywords' => ';0258;0217;', 'abstract' => 'A specific continuous-flow analytical system for determination of lactose concentration in a liquid mixture of constituent sugars was developed and tested based on a series of enzymatic reactions. Lactose and glucose oxidase immobilized on a phenol-formaldehyde resin were employed. More detailed study was carried out based on a reaction by-product quantitatively detected by an available iodide electrode. A multichannel proportioning pump fed two independently operated analytical streams eliminating thus the background glucose interference. With a goal of lactose concentration control in a fermentation process, the system response time delay was shortened to approximately 15 min. Apart from optimization of the analytical system operating parameters, the study indicates also the major application problem areas: lactase inhibition by galactose, galactose oxidation by glucose oxidase, and a partial loss of glucose oxidase activity in a prolonged continuous-flow operation. A manual Colorimetric Procedure was employed to verify the results of the potentiometric method.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '2006-08-24 01:57:33', 'hits' => '7', 'urlcheck' => '2014-11-25 23:02:47', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found (Array)', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'NA', 'address' => 'Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada H3A 2A7', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1002/bit.260210713', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'no', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Continuous-flow monitoring of lactose concentration', Biotechnol. Bioeng., 1979 21(7) 1251-1276', 'firstchar' => 'C', 'twochars' => 'Co', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 18 => array( 'id' => '012627', 'authors' => 'Seifert, K.;Dominok, B.;Dominok, G.W.', 'authorsweb' => 'K Seifert, B Dominok, GW Dominok', 'title' => 'Improved methods for determination of fluoride in biological materials', 'journal' => 'Fluoride', 'journal_id' => '1177', 'fadid' => 'FLUR1986V0019P00022', 'year' => '1986', 'volume' => '19', 'issue' => '1', 'startpage' => '22', 'endpage' => '25', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0982;', 'matrices' => ';0262;0160;', 'techniques' => ';0298;0303;0416;', 'keywords' => ';0454;0468;', 'abstract' => 'Fluoride is separated from cartilage or aortic tissues without ashing by an adaptation of the method of Yoshida et al. (Anal. Abstr., 1979, 37, 6B109). The reaction takes place in a closed apparatus comprising a 100 mL flask in series with two gas bubblers, each containing 25 mL of 0.1 M NaOH. The sample, 50 mL of water and two drops of hexamethyldisiloxane are placed in the flask, and 40 mL of concentrated H2SO4 is added to the sample through a dropping funnel. The trimethylsilanol(I) produced reacts with the F- to form fluorotrimethylsilane(II), which is swept by N (50 mL min-1) to the bubblers. II is converted by the alkali back into I, which is extracted into toluene before measurement of the F- so liberated in 0.45 M HClO4 medium with an I--selective electrode. Urine is analyzed directly for F- in 0.5 M HClO4 medium containing 0.001% of Triton X-100 by using two F--selective electrodes in a flow injection system. The latter method was applied to urine of persons drinking fluoridated water or occupationally exposed to F. The former method was applied to tissues from adults and infants, and the results are reported.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '2006-08-06 10:50:14', 'hits' => '7', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-13 12:09:40', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 200 OK', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'Dominok, G.W.', 'address' => 'Institute of Hygiene and Pathology, Cottbus, GDR', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => null, 'url' => 'www.fluorideresearch.org/191/files/FJ1986_v19_n1_p001-050.pdf', 'urltype' => 'pdfurl', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Improved methods for determination of fluoride in biological materials', Fluoride, 1986 19(1) 22-25', 'firstchar' => 'I', 'twochars' => 'Im', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 19 => array( 'id' => '013023', 'authors' => 'Gur'ev, I.A.;Kuleshova, N.V.', 'authorsweb' => 'I. A. Gur'ev and N. V. Kuleshova', 'title' => 'Sorption preconcentration and flow injection determination of cadmium', 'journal' => 'J. Anal. Chem.', 'journal_id' => '0798', 'fadid' => 'JACU1998V0053P00796', 'year' => '1998', 'volume' => '53', 'issue' => '9', 'startpage' => '796', 'endpage' => '799', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0478;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0290;0303;0400;', 'keywords' => ';0212;0089;0398;', 'abstract' => 'A procedure for the flow injection determination of Cd traces in aqueous solutions was developed. The procedure is based on the use of ion-selective electrodes sensitive to chloride or iodide complexes of Cd. Sorption pre-concentration simultaneously transforms Cd to anal. active species, it decreases the limit of detection, and improves the selectivity of determination.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:11:09', 'sjccheck' => 'No', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '15', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-23 18:49:51', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Object moved', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'NA', 'address' => 'Chemistry Department, Nizhni-Novgorod State University, prosp. Gagarina 23, 603600, Nizhni Novgorod, Russia', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => 'Not available on springer', 'url' => 'elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=13280948', 'urltype' => 'absurl', 'gotpdf' => 'no', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Sorption preconcentration and flow injection determination of cadmium', J. Anal. Chem., 1998 53(9) 796-799', 'firstchar' => 'S', 'twochars' => 'So', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 20 => array( 'id' => '014690', 'authors' => 'Muller, H.;Wallaschek, G.', 'authorsweb' => 'Helmut Müller, Günter Wallaschek', 'title' => 'Determination of water in organic solvents by using the Karl Fischer method with flow injection analysis', 'journal' => 'Z. Chem.', 'journal_id' => '0557', 'fadid' => 'ZSCH1984V0024P00075', 'year' => '1984', 'volume' => '24', 'issue' => '2', 'startpage' => '75', 'endpage' => '76', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';2508;', 'matrices' => ';0806;0630;', 'techniques' => ';0303;0337;0400;', 'keywords' => '', 'abstract' => 'Liquid paraffin is pumped into the reservoir to force the Karl Fischer reagent in two parallel streams into phase-separation vessels; in this way the reagent does not make contact with the pump tubing. The lower (reagent) phase from the separation vessels flows to the detection system; one stream passes the sample-introduction system and traverses a delay coil. A µflow-through I--selective electrode (Ag2S type) is used for potentiometric measurement, and the differential response is recorded. Calibration standards are included in each series of analyzes to compensate for changes in electrode response as its surface acquires an iodine-containing coating. From 0.01 to 5% (w/w) of water can be determined with a coefficient of variation of 3%, and 50 to 60 samples (e.g., 30 µL) can be analyzed in 1 h; only 0.9 mL of reagent is needed per determination.', 'language' => 'German', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'No', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '0', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 22:07:35', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'NA', 'address' => 'Technische Hochschule 'Carl Schorlemmer', Leuna-Merseburg, Sektion Chemie, 4200 Merseburg, Otto-Nuschke-Str, E.-Germany', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1002/zfch.19840240221', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Determination of water in organic solvents by using the Karl Fischer method with flow injection analysis', Z. Chem., 1984 24(2) 75-76', 'firstchar' => 'D', 'twochars' => 'De', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Keyword' => array([maximum depth reached]) ) ) ) $c = array( 'id' => '007658', 'authors' => 'Davey, D.E.;Mulcahy, D.E.;O'Connell, G.R.', 'authorsweb' => 'David E. Davey, Dennis E. Mulcahy and Gregory R. O'Connell', 'title' => 'Effect of flow injection parameters on the selectivity of an iodide-selective electrode', 'journal' => 'Analyst', 'journal_id' => '0864', 'fadid' => 'ANAL1992V0117P00761', 'year' => '1992', 'volume' => '117', 'issue' => '4', 'startpage' => '761', 'endpage' => '765', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1275;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0303;', 'keywords' => ';0398;0217;0302;', 'abstract' => 'The effects of sample loop volume, flow rate, carrier I- concentration, interferents, solution pH and temperature were studied, with selectivity coefficient being measured for Br-, SCN- and thiosulfate. Samples of 100 µL should be mixed with a 1 µM-KI carrier and a 0.1 M KNO3 reagent stream flowing at a combined rate of 6 to 7 mL min-1 in either neutral or acid solution at 20°C. A study has been carried out on the influence of several experimental parameters on the selectivity of a homogeneous membrane iodide-selective electrode operating under flow injection conditions. Selectivity coefficients were measured for bromide, thiocyanate and thiosulfate by use of a mixed-solution technique, with the effects of sample loop volume, flow rate, carrier iodide concentration, interferent activity, solution pH and temperature being investigated in turn. When the flow system was optimized, it proved possible to double the selectivity of the electrode towards iodide. Facets of the observed behavior were found to correlate well with existing theories on the time-dependent response of solid-state ion-selective electrodes. Peak profiles were also examined, with particular attention being given to the potential excursions or 'overshoots' recorded when mixed solutions of low iodide activity were injected into the flow stream.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '2', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 08:32:42', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'NA', 'address' => 'Sch. Chem. Technol., Univ. South Australia, The Levels, 5095, Australia', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1039/an9921700761', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Effect of flow injection parameters on the selectivity of an iodide-selective electrode', Analyst, 1992 117(4) 761-765', 'firstchar' => 'E', 'twochars' => 'Ef', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( 'id' => '004894', 'citation_id' => '007658', 'technique_id' => '0303' ), 'Analyte' => array( (int) 0 => array( 'id' => '01275', 'name' => 'Iodide', 'iupac_name' => 'iodide', 'casrn' => '20461-54-5', 'synonyms' => 'iodide ion', 'total' => '85', 'inchi' => 'InChI=1S/HI/h1H/p-1', 'inchikey' => 'XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-M', 'formula' => 'I-', 'oxstate' => '-1', 'url' => '', 'charge' => '-1', 'class1' => 'Element', 'class2' => 'Non-metal', 'class3' => 'Halogen', 'class4' => 'Anion', 'class5' => '', 'isgroup' => '', 'checked' => 'yes', 'citation_count' => '0', 'updated' => '2015-10-23 21:29:44', 'first' => 'I', 'nametotal' => 'Iodide**85', 'AnalytesCitation' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ) ), 'Matrix' => array(), 'Keyword' => array( (int) 0 => array( 'id' => '0398', 'type' => 'Feature', 'keyword' => 'Selectivity', 'newKeyword' => '', 'synonyms' => '', 'fao' => '', 'total' => '126', 'first' => 'S', 'keytotal' => 'Selectivity**126', 'CitationsKeyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 1 => array( 'id' => '0217', 'type' => 'Chemical Process', 'keyword' => 'Interferences', 'newKeyword' => '', 'synonyms' => '', 'fao' => '', 'total' => '1972', 'first' => 'I', 'keytotal' => 'Interferences**1972', 'CitationsKeyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 2 => array( 'id' => '0302', 'type' => 'Feature', 'keyword' => 'Optimization', 'newKeyword' => '', 'synonyms' => '', 'fao' => '', 'total' => '1069', 'first' => 'O', 'keytotal' => 'Optimization**1069', 'CitationsKeyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ) ) ) $i = (int) 6 $path = '' $a = '' $url = 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/an9921700761' $aus = 'David E. Davey, Dennis E. Mulcahy and Gregory R. O'Connell'include - APP/View/Elements/citation.ctp, line 40 View::_evaluate() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 971 View::_render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 933 View::_renderElement() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 1224 View::element() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 418 include - APP/View/Techniques/view.ctp, line 52 View::_evaluate() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 971 View::_render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 933 View::render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 473 Controller::render() - CORE/Cake/Controller/Controller.php, line 968 Dispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/Cake/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 200 Dispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/Cake/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 167 [main] - APP/webroot/index.php, line 109
Abstract:
The effects of sample loop volume, flow rate, carrier I- concentration, interferents, solution pH and temperature were studied, with selectivity coefficient being measured for Br-, SCN- and thiosulfate. Samples of 100 µL should be mixed with a 1 µM-KI carrier and a 0.1 M KNO3 reagent stream flowing at a combined rate of 6 to 7 mL min-1 in either neutral or acid solution at 20°C. A study has been carried out on the influence of several experimental parameters on the selectivity of a homogeneous membrane iodide-selective electrode operating under flow injection conditions. Selectivity coefficients were measured for bromide, thiocyanate and thiosulfate by use of a mixed-solution technique, with the effects of sample loop volume, flow rate, carrier iodide concentration, interferent activity, solution pH and temperature being investigated in turn. When the flow system was optimized, it proved possible to double the selectivity of the electrode towards iodide. Facets of the observed behavior were found to correlate well with existing theories on the time-dependent response of solid-state ion-selective electrodes. Peak profiles were also examined, with particular attention being given to the potential excursions or 'overshoots' recorded when mixed solutions of low iodide activity were injected into the flow stream.
Iodide
Selectivity
Interferences
Optimization
"Rapid-flow Continuous Analysis With Ion-selective Electrodes"
Anal. Chem.
1980 Volume 52, Issue 14 Pages 2403-2406
Notice (8): Undefined variable: uid [APP/View/Elements/citation.ctp, line 40]Peter W. Alexander and Purneshwar SeegopaulCode Context?><?phpif($uid!='') {$viewFile = '/home/stuchalk/public_html/fad/app/View/Elements/citation.ctp' $dataForView = array( 'data' => array( 'Technique' => array( 'id' => '0303', 'label' => 'Electrode', 'level1' => 'Electrode', 'level2' => 'ion selective', 'level3' => 'iodide', 'level4' => '', 'level5' => '', 'synonyms' => 'Ion selective electrode,ISE', 'champ' => '', 'total' => '21', 'updated' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'name' => 'Electrode, ion selective, iodide', 'nametotal' => 'Electrode, ion selective, iodide**21', 'first' => 'E' ), 'Citation' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 1 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 2 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 3 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 4 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 5 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 6 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 7 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 8 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 9 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 10 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 11 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 12 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 13 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 14 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 15 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 16 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 17 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 18 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 19 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 20 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ) ), 'c' => array( 'id' => '008266', 'authors' => 'Alexander, P.W.;Seegopaul, P.', 'authorsweb' => 'Peter W. Alexander and Purneshwar Seegopaul', 'title' => 'Rapid-flow continuous analysis with ion-selective electrodes', 'journal' => 'Anal. Chem.', 'journal_id' => '0499', 'fadid' => 'ANCH1980V0052P02403', 'year' => '1980', 'volume' => '52', 'issue' => '14', 'startpage' => '2403', 'endpage' => '2406', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1275;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0303;', 'keywords' => '', 'abstract' => 'A study of rapid sampling in a continuous-flow system is reported with an iodide solid-state electrode as a continuous sensor. The system is operated by consecutive manual aspiration of sample and wash solutions into a flow manifold with air segmentation to reduce carry-over. The design features and flow rates used in the operation of the system are described, and it is found that sampling rates up to 360/h are permissible with flow rates as low as 9.2 mL min-1. The concept of combining rapid flow with air segmentation is shown to give an Improved method for achieving rapid sampling with electrode detection in a continuous-flow system with advantages over the more complex bubble-gating and flow-injection techniques currently in use.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2014-11-12 21:24:23', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '8', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 18:32:10', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00008', 'pauthor' => '!Alexander, P.W.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => 'Not DOI assigned. Use issue url', 'url' => '10.1021/ac50064a038', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Rapid-flow continuous analysis with ion-selective electrodes', Anal. Chem., 1980 52(14) 2403-2406', 'firstchar' => 'R', 'twochars' => 'Ra', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( 'id' => '005839', 'citation_id' => '008266', 'technique_id' => '0303' ), 'Analyte' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), 'Matrix' => array(), 'Keyword' => array() ), 'i' => (int) 7 ) $data = array( 'Technique' => array( 'id' => '0303', 'label' => 'Electrode', 'level1' => 'Electrode', 'level2' => 'ion selective', 'level3' => 'iodide', 'level4' => '', 'level5' => '', 'synonyms' => 'Ion selective electrode,ISE', 'champ' => '', 'total' => '21', 'updated' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'name' => 'Electrode, ion selective, iodide', 'nametotal' => 'Electrode, ion selective, iodide**21', 'first' => 'E' ), 'Citation' => array( (int) 0 => array( 'id' => '003989', 'authors' => 'Trojanowicz, M.A.;Matuszewski, W.;Hulanicki, A.', 'authorsweb' => 'Marek Trojanowicz, Wojciech Matuszewski and Adam Hulanicki', 'title' => 'Flow injection potentiometric determination of residual chlorine in water', 'journal' => 'Anal. Chim. Acta', 'journal_id' => '0584', 'fadid' => 'ANCA1982V0136P00085', 'year' => '1982', 'volume' => '136', 'issue' => '1', 'startpage' => '85', 'endpage' => '92 ', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0597;', 'matrices' => ';0372;', 'techniques' => ';0192;0303;0400;', 'keywords' => '', 'abstract' => 'Residual chlorine is measured in water by using a potentiometric system composed of an iodide-selective electrode and a platinum electrode sensing the iodine-iodide ratio. When the sample is added to acidified iodide solution, the cell response is in a logarithmic relation to the iodine concentration which in turn depends on the concentration of residual chlorine. In the flow injection system evolved, 0.1-5.0 mg L-1 residual chlorine can be determined at a rate of 40-60 samples per hour. The results of potentiometric determinations of residual chlorine in tap water compared to spectrophotometric results suggest that the presence of various organic substances is responsible for discrepancies between these measurements.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '9', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 15:43:35', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00320', 'pauthor' => '!Trojanowicz, M.A.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1016/S0003-2670(01)95366-8', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Flow injection potentiometric determination of residual chlorine in water', Anal. Chim. Acta, 1982 136(1) 85-92 ', 'firstchar' => 'F', 'twochars' => 'Fl', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Keyword' => array([maximum depth reached]) ), (int) 1 => array( 'id' => '005156', 'authors' => 'Figuerola, E.;Florido, A.;Aguilar, M.;De Pablo, J.;Alegret, S.', 'authorsweb' => 'E. Figuerola, A. Florido, M. Aguilar and J. De Pablo, S. Alegret', 'title' => 'Sequential flow injection determination of cyanide and weak metal cyanide complexes with flow-through heterogeneous membrane electrodes', 'journal' => 'Anal. Chim. Acta', 'journal_id' => '0584', 'fadid' => 'ANCA1988V0215P00283', 'year' => '1988', 'volume' => '215', 'issue' => '1-2', 'startpage' => '283', 'endpage' => '288', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0716;0717;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0127;0303;0400;', 'keywords' => ';0173;0217;0302;0212;0258;', 'abstract' => 'Two I--selective heterogeneous epoxy-based membrane flow-through electrodes were placed before and after a gas diffusion unit in a flow injection system for determination of free and total CN-. The CN--containing sample was injected into a KNO3 carrier solution and free CN- was determined by the first flow-through electrode. The solution was then treated with the HCl stream in the reaction coil. The HCN evolved passed through the gas-permeable membrane in the diffusion unit and was collected in an alkaline solution, where the CN- was measured by the second flow-through electrode. Under optimum conditions, the response was rectilinear from 10 µM to 1 mM CN- and the coefficient of variation were ~2% with a sampling rate of 20 h-1. Total CN- could be determined in the presence of Zn, Cu(II) and Cd but results were low in the presence of Ni, Co(II) and Fe(III). Sulfide and SCN- were not tolerated. The reproducibility was worse than that of spectrophotometric detection but the method could be used over a wider concentration. range and was more suitable for an online control monitoring system.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '2', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 15:55:59', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'NA', 'address' => '?', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1016/S0003-2670(00)85287-3', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Sequential flow injection determination of cyanide and weak metal cyanide complexes with flow-through heterogeneous membrane electrodes', Anal. Chim. Acta, 1988 215(1-2) 283-288', 'firstchar' => 'S', 'twochars' => 'Se', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 2 => array( 'id' => '005694', 'authors' => 'Van Staden, J.F.', 'authorsweb' => 'Jacobus F. van Staden', 'title' => 'Response time phenomena of coated open-tubular solid-state silver halide-selective electrodes and their influence on sample dispersion in flow injection analysis', 'journal' => 'Anal. Chim. Acta', 'journal_id' => '0584', 'fadid' => 'ANCA1992V0261P00381', 'year' => '1992', 'volume' => '261', 'issue' => '1-2', 'startpage' => '381', 'endpage' => '390', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0451;0594;1275;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0283;0290;0303;', 'keywords' => ';0302;0410;0119;', 'abstract' => 'A comparative study has been made of the response times of coated open-tubular Ag membrane electrodes selective towards Cl-, Br- or I- (cf. Ibid., 1986, 179, 407) as they affect the throughput of flow injection analysis systems. The tubular indicator electrodes were used in conjunction with an Orion 90-02 double-junction reference electrode with 10% KNO3 solution in its outer chamber. The digitized signals were smoothed by applying the DS (data sets) Cat and Smooth operations of the ASYST software; typical background-corrected graphs for the flow injection measurement of halides (10 to 5000 mg l-1) are reproduced. Examination of the leading edges of the various peaks showed that their rate of response was independent of concentration. and did not significantly decrease the sampling rate, although the response of the Br- electrode at the initial peak-formation stages near the baseline was slightly slower than that of the others. The rate of response of the trailing edges was mainly responsible for the sampling rate in an optimized flow injection system, and the I- electrode showed a memory effect, which was largely responsible for the low sampling rate of this system compared with similar systems with the other two electrodes. The contribution of the memory effect or response time phenomena of coated open-tubular solid state chloride-, bromide-, and iodide-selective electrodes on the anal. output in flow injection systems are presented for concentration. ranges between 10 and 5000 mg L-1. The rate of response for the leading edges of all three electrodes due to electrode properties are independent of concentration. and do not contribute significantly to any decrease in sampling rate, although the rate of response of the bromide-selective electrode flow injection analysis (FIA) system seems to be slightly slower than the other two electrode systems at the initial peak-formation stages near the base line. The rate of response for the tailing edges of the different electrodes due to electrode properties is mainly responsible for the sampling rate obtained in an optimized FIA-ISE system. The memory effect of the iodide-selective electrode is mainly responsible for the fact that the sampling rate of this system is very much lower than the sampling rate obtained for similar systems with the other two electrodes. For the bromide-selective electrode system, the slower rate of response due to electrode properties at the tailing edges (especially with high concentrations of bromide) than that of the chloride-selective electrode, contributes mainly to a lower sampling output for the bromide-selective electrode-FIA system when compared with the chloride electrode system.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '6', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 16:06:13', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00328', 'pauthor' => '!Van Staden, J.F.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1016/0003-2670(92)80217-U', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Response time phenomena of coated open-tubular solid-state silver halide-selective electrodes and their influence on sample dispersion in flow injection analysis', Anal. Chim. Acta, 1992 261(1-2) 381-390', 'firstchar' => 'R', 'twochars' => 'Re', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 3 => array( 'id' => '006910', 'authors' => 'Alegret, S.;Florido, A.;Lima, J.L.F.C.;Machado, A.A.S.C.', 'authorsweb' => 'S. Alegret*, A. Florido, J. L. F. C. Lima and A. A. S. C. Machado ', 'title' => 'Flow-through tubular iodide- and bromide-selective electrodes based on epoxy-resin heterogeneous membranes', 'journal' => 'Talanta', 'journal_id' => '0569', 'fadid' => 'TALT1989V0036P00825', 'year' => '1989', 'volume' => '36', 'issue' => '8', 'startpage' => '825', 'endpage' => '829', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1275;0451;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0283;0303;', 'keywords' => ';0217;0253;0385;0213;', 'abstract' => 'The electrodes were made from 4-mm lengths of Perspex tubing (1 cm o.d., 8 mm i.d.), which were filled with Ag-containing conductive epoxy-resin to which a shielded cable was then attached. A hole (1.75 mm diameter) was drilled through the centre, which was then packed with powdered AgX - Ag2S mixture (X = I or Br) dispersed in non-conductive epoxy-resin. A central channel (0.75 mm diameter) was then drilled leaving a membrane of 0.5-mm thickness. The response characteristics were evaluated in a low-dispersion flow injection system, and both showed a Nernstian response between 50 µM and 0.1 M with good reproducibility and a rapid response that permitted a sampling rate of 60 h-1. Operational pH ranges for I- and Br- were 2.5 to 11 and 3 to 10, respectively. Interference by several ions is reported; I- must be absent in determinations with the Br- electrode.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '11', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 14:55:17', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00788', 'pauthor' => '!Alegret, S.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1016/0039-9140(89)80162-6', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Flow-through tubular iodide- and bromide-selective electrodes based on epoxy-resin heterogeneous membranes', Talanta, 1989 36(8) 825-829', 'firstchar' => 'F', 'twochars' => 'Fl', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 4 => array( 'id' => '006998', 'authors' => 'Najib, F.M.;Othman, S.', 'authorsweb' => 'Fadhil M. Najib* and Shireen Othman, ', 'title' => 'Simultaneous determination of chloride, bromide, iodide and fluoride with flow injection - ion-selective electrode systems', 'journal' => 'Talanta', 'journal_id' => '0569', 'fadid' => 'TALT1992V0039P01259', 'year' => '1992', 'volume' => '39', 'issue' => '10', 'startpage' => '1259', 'endpage' => '1267', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0594;0451;1275;0982;', 'matrices' => ';0372;', 'techniques' => ';0283;0290;0298;0303;', 'keywords' => ';0258;0320;0217;', 'abstract' => 'Electrodes for Cl-, Br- and I- were constructed (preparation described) from Ag2 - AgCl or AgBr (1:1) and Ag2S - AgI (1:3); for F- a commercial electrode was used. By combining the electrodes and suppressor columns of AgCl and amalgamated Pb, the ions were simultaneously determined in a carrier stream (0.5 mL min-1) of e.g. 0.1 M HClO4 at pH 4.0. The calibration graphs were rectilinear down to 100, 5, 1 and 5 µM for Cl-, Br-, I- and F-, respectively. The reproducibility was 1% for the determination of the halides in eight water samples, the results agreed well with those obtained by three reference methods. Flow-through ion-selective electrodes were constructed from compressed pellets (8-10 mm thick, 13 mm diameter, 10 tons/cm2 pressure) of Ag2S/AgX (X = Cl-, Br- or I-) drilled longitudinally (1.5 mm diameter hole) to be suitable for use in flow injection analysis. A column of AgCl (5.5 cm long, 2-3 mm internal diameter) was included in the Cl- electrode manifold to remove interferences from 10^-4 M Br- and 3 x 10^-5 M I- and S2-. A column of amalgamated lead (2-3 cm long, 2-3 mm internal diameter) was used in the Br--electrode manifold to remove interference from 2 x 10^-5 M I-, 3 x 10^-5 M S2- and 7 x 10^-4 M Cl-. These columns and the addition of ascorbic acid were not required when I- was determined with the iodide electrode. The carrier stream was 0.1 M sodium perchlorate (pH 4) at a flow-rate of 0.5 mL/min. The sample pH could be 4-7. Simultaneous determination of Cl- and I-, Cl-, I- and Br-, and Cl-, I-, Br- and F- ions was possible with combinations of the corresponding electrodes and columns in series and/or parallel in specially designed manifolds. Calibration plots were linear, with almost theoretical slopes, down to 10^-6 M I-, 5 x 10^-6 M Br-, 10^-4 M Cl- and 5 x 10^-6 M F-, with precision better than 1%. Sampling rates for single-ion determinations were 72, 102, 90 and 80 per h for the one-, two-, three- and four-electrode systems respectively. Determinations of these ions in water samples by the recommended procedure and by established batch methods showed no significant difference at the 95% confidence limits in a paired comparison t-test.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '28', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 14:59:47', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'Najib, F.M.', 'address' => 'Department of Chemistry, University of Salahaddin, Arbil, Iraq', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1016/0039-9140(92)80234-5', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Simultaneous determination of chloride, bromide, iodide and fluoride with flow injection - ion-selective electrode systems', Talanta, 1992 39(10) 1259-1267', 'firstchar' => 'S', 'twochars' => 'Si', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 5 => array( 'id' => '007457', 'authors' => 'Christopoulos, T.K.;Diamandis, E.P.', 'authorsweb' => 'Theodore K. Christopoulos and Eleftherios P. Diamandis', 'title' => 'Flow-through units for solid-state, liquid and PVC matrix membrane ion-selective electrodes to minimize streaming potentials', 'journal' => 'Analyst', 'journal_id' => '0864', 'fadid' => 'ANAL1987V0112P01293', 'year' => '1987', 'volume' => '112', 'issue' => '9', 'startpage' => '1293', 'endpage' => '1298', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1275;1757;1978;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0303;0315;0156;', 'keywords' => ';0258;0397;', 'abstract' => 'Three flow-through units were constructed (diagrams given) and evaluated for electrode membranes sensitive to iodide (solid), perchlorate (liquid) and propantheline (PVC matrix), respectively. Streaming potential oscillations were reduced to 0.2 mV by siting the sensing membrane as near as possible to the external reference electrolyte - sample solution contact zone. Air-segmented streams were used to study the effect of flow rates of 1.74, 3.64 and 6.7 mL min-1. Sampling rates of up to 60, 120 and 240 h-1, respectively, were achieved.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '0', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 00:02:43', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => '!Diamondis, E.P.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1039/an9871201293', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Flow-through units for solid-state, liquid and PVC matrix membrane ion-selective electrodes to minimize streaming potentials', Analyst, 1987 112(9) 1293-1298', 'firstchar' => 'F', 'twochars' => 'Fl', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 6 => array( 'id' => '007658', 'authors' => 'Davey, D.E.;Mulcahy, D.E.;O'Connell, G.R.', 'authorsweb' => 'David E. Davey, Dennis E. Mulcahy and Gregory R. O'Connell', 'title' => 'Effect of flow injection parameters on the selectivity of an iodide-selective electrode', 'journal' => 'Analyst', 'journal_id' => '0864', 'fadid' => 'ANAL1992V0117P00761', 'year' => '1992', 'volume' => '117', 'issue' => '4', 'startpage' => '761', 'endpage' => '765', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1275;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0303;', 'keywords' => ';0398;0217;0302;', 'abstract' => 'The effects of sample loop volume, flow rate, carrier I- concentration, interferents, solution pH and temperature were studied, with selectivity coefficient being measured for Br-, SCN- and thiosulfate. Samples of 100 µL should be mixed with a 1 µM-KI carrier and a 0.1 M KNO3 reagent stream flowing at a combined rate of 6 to 7 mL min-1 in either neutral or acid solution at 20°C. A study has been carried out on the influence of several experimental parameters on the selectivity of a homogeneous membrane iodide-selective electrode operating under flow injection conditions. Selectivity coefficients were measured for bromide, thiocyanate and thiosulfate by use of a mixed-solution technique, with the effects of sample loop volume, flow rate, carrier iodide concentration, interferent activity, solution pH and temperature being investigated in turn. When the flow system was optimized, it proved possible to double the selectivity of the electrode towards iodide. Facets of the observed behavior were found to correlate well with existing theories on the time-dependent response of solid-state ion-selective electrodes. Peak profiles were also examined, with particular attention being given to the potential excursions or 'overshoots' recorded when mixed solutions of low iodide activity were injected into the flow stream.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '2', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 08:32:42', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'NA', 'address' => 'Sch. Chem. Technol., Univ. South Australia, The Levels, 5095, Australia', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1039/an9921700761', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Effect of flow injection parameters on the selectivity of an iodide-selective electrode', Analyst, 1992 117(4) 761-765', 'firstchar' => 'E', 'twochars' => 'Ef', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 7 => array( 'id' => '008266', 'authors' => 'Alexander, P.W.;Seegopaul, P.', 'authorsweb' => 'Peter W. Alexander and Purneshwar Seegopaul', 'title' => 'Rapid-flow continuous analysis with ion-selective electrodes', 'journal' => 'Anal. Chem.', 'journal_id' => '0499', 'fadid' => 'ANCH1980V0052P02403', 'year' => '1980', 'volume' => '52', 'issue' => '14', 'startpage' => '2403', 'endpage' => '2406', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1275;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0303;', 'keywords' => '', 'abstract' => 'A study of rapid sampling in a continuous-flow system is reported with an iodide solid-state electrode as a continuous sensor. The system is operated by consecutive manual aspiration of sample and wash solutions into a flow manifold with air segmentation to reduce carry-over. The design features and flow rates used in the operation of the system are described, and it is found that sampling rates up to 360/h are permissible with flow rates as low as 9.2 mL min-1. The concept of combining rapid flow with air segmentation is shown to give an Improved method for achieving rapid sampling with electrode detection in a continuous-flow system with advantages over the more complex bubble-gating and flow-injection techniques currently in use.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2014-11-12 21:24:23', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '8', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 18:32:10', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00008', 'pauthor' => '!Alexander, P.W.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => 'Not DOI assigned. Use issue url', 'url' => '10.1021/ac50064a038', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Rapid-flow continuous analysis with ion-selective electrodes', Anal. Chem., 1980 52(14) 2403-2406', 'firstchar' => 'R', 'twochars' => 'Ra', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array([maximum depth reached]) ), (int) 8 => array( 'id' => '008892', 'authors' => 'Van Staden, J.F.', 'authorsweb' => 'Jacobus F. van Staden', 'title' => 'Incorporation of a coated tubular solid-state iodide selective electrode into the conduits of a flow injection system', 'journal' => 'Fresenius J. Anal. Chem.', 'journal_id' => '0944', 'fadid' => 'FJAC1986V0325P00247', 'year' => '1986', 'volume' => '325', 'issue' => '3', 'startpage' => '247', 'endpage' => '251', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1275;', 'matrices' => ';0473;', 'techniques' => ';0303;0400;', 'keywords' => ';0043;0090;0302;0354;0223;0054;', 'abstract' => 'A tubular flow-through electrode (5 mm long, 2 mm i.d.) prepared by depositing AgI on silver foil and connected to an Orion Research microprocessor Ionalyzer with an Orion double-junction reference electrode was incorporated in a flow injection system (diagram given) capable of 90 samples h-1. Samples and ionic-strength-adjustment buffer were fed by a peristaltic pump with a pulse suppression system. Optimum sensitivity and response were obtained with 0.1 M KNO3 - 0.02 M acetic acid buffer. Response of carefully conditioned electrodes was rectilinear from 5 to 5000 mg L-1 of I-; they were stable and needed little maintenance. Analyses of iodized table salt agreed reasonably with quoted I- concentration, with a coefficient of variation of <1.8% (n = 15). The practical range was 5 to 2000 mg l-1.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '15', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 00:20:33', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00328', 'pauthor' => '!Van Staden, J.F.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1007/BF00498166', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Incorporation of a coated tubular solid-state iodide selective electrode into the conduits of a flow injection system', Fresenius J. Anal. Chem., 1986 325(3) 247-251', 'firstchar' => 'I', 'twochars' => 'In', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 9 => array( 'id' => '008904', 'authors' => 'Trojanowicz, M.A.;Frenzel, W.', 'authorsweb' => 'Marek Trojanowicz and Wolfgang Frenzel', 'title' => 'Flow injection potentiometry for low level measurements in the presence of sensed ion in the carrier', 'journal' => 'Fresenius J. Anal. Chem.', 'journal_id' => '0944', 'fadid' => 'FJAC1987V0328P00653', 'year' => '1987', 'volume' => '328', 'issue' => '8', 'startpage' => '653', 'endpage' => '656', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0982;1275;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0298;0303;0400;', 'keywords' => ';0464;', 'abstract' => 'A theoretical treatment based on the Nikolski equation is presented for the response of ion-sensitive electrodes in flow injection analysis, and the predictions are compared with experimental results obtained with a F--selective electrode and 0.2 M NaCl - 0.2 M acetate buffer (pH 5.2) containing F- (100 µg l-1) as carrier and with an I--selective electrode and a carrier of 0.2 M KNO3 containing ascorbic acid (1 g l-1) and I- (100 µg l-1). Measurements were made in a single-line manifold with a variable length of tubing (0.8 mm i.d.) and an injected volume of 100 µL. Significant deviations due to slow response were observed, but it is possible to linearize the calibration graph for low-dispersion systems and the electrodes can be used, with limited sensitivity, in the µg L-1 concentration. range.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '21', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 00:20:53', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00320', 'pauthor' => '!Trojanowicz, M.A.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1007/BF00488664', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Flow injection potentiometry for low level measurements in the presence of sensed ion in the carrier', Fresenius J. Anal. Chem., 1987 328(8) 653-656', 'firstchar' => 'F', 'twochars' => 'Fl', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 10 => array( 'id' => '008907', 'authors' => 'Ilcheva, L.;Trojanowicz, M.A.;Krawczynski Vel Krawczyk, T.', 'authorsweb' => 'Liliana Ilcheva, Marek Trojanowicz and Tadeusz Krawczynski vel Krawczyk', 'title' => 'Effect of addition of main ion to carrier solution in potentiometric flow injection measurements with solid state ion-selective electrodes', 'journal' => 'Fresenius J. Anal. Chem.', 'journal_id' => '0944', 'fadid' => 'FJAC1987V0328P00027', 'year' => '1987', 'volume' => '328', 'issue' => '1-2', 'startpage' => '27', 'endpage' => '32', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0982;0594;1275;0684;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0238;0290;0295;0298;0303;0400;', 'keywords' => ';0401;0464;', 'abstract' => 'Flow injection measurements were made by using a flow-through cup (described and illustrated) and Cl--, F--, I-- and Cu(II)-selective electrodes. The addition of the main ion to the carrier solution to create a constant background level of main ion produces a significant improvement in response for the F-- and I--selective electrodes. However, a very slow return of the potential value to the baseline is observed for I- measurements; this is attributable to the slow desorption of I- from the electrode surface. The super-Nernstian slope observed for the F-- and Cu(II)-selective electrodes in the absence of F- or Cu(II) in the carrier solution decreased to Nernstian values in the presence of the ions in the carrier solution', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '27', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 00:20:46', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00320', 'pauthor' => '!Trojanowicz, M.A.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1007/BF00560942', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Effect of addition of main ion to carrier solution in potentiometric flow injection measurements with solid state ion-selective electrodes', Fresenius J. Anal. Chem., 1987 328(1-2) 27-32', 'firstchar' => 'E', 'twochars' => 'Ef', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 11 => array( 'id' => '009866', 'authors' => 'Davey, D.E.;Mulcahy, D.E.;O'Connell, G.R.', 'authorsweb' => 'David E. Davey, Dennis E. Mulcahy, Gregory R. O'Connell', 'title' => 'Comparison of detector cell configurations in flow injection potentiometry', 'journal' => 'Electroanalysis', 'journal_id' => '1003', 'fadid' => 'ELAN1993V0005P00581', 'year' => '1993', 'volume' => '5', 'issue' => '7', 'startpage' => '581', 'endpage' => '588', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1275;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0400;0303;', 'keywords' => ';0258;', 'abstract' => 'A solid-state iodide-selective electrode was used to compare the performances of flow-through, edge-jet and wall-jet detector cell configurations in FIA. Cell volume of 4-210 µL were studied with flow streams of 1.7 or 3.2 ml/min and injections of 0.1 M KI were made into a flow stream of 10 µM-KI or of 0.1 M KNO3. Similarly good results were obtained for each configuration in the cell volume range 4-63 µL at 1.7 ml/min or 4-120 µL at 3.2 ml/min, but best results were given generally under thin-layer flow conditions which occurred in the cell volume range 4-33 µL. The range of cell volume that could yield steady data decreased in the order edge-jet, wall-jet, flow-through configuration.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '7', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 14:09:26', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00106', 'pauthor' => '!Davey, D.E.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1002/elan.1140050709', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'no', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Comparison of detector cell configurations in flow injection potentiometry', Electroanalysis, 1993 5(7) 581-588', 'firstchar' => 'C', 'twochars' => 'Co', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 12 => array( 'id' => '009877', 'authors' => 'Daunert, S.;Florido, A.;Bricker, J.;Dunaway, W.;Bachas, L.G.;Valiente, M.', 'authorsweb' => 'Sylvia Daunert, Antonio Florido, Jordi Bricker, Wes Dunaway, Leonidas G. Bachas, Manuel Valiente', 'title' => 'Iodide-selective electrodes based on a mercury - tri-isobutylphosphine sulfide complex', 'journal' => 'Electroanalysis', 'journal_id' => '1003', 'fadid' => 'ELAN1993V0005P00839', 'year' => '1993', 'volume' => '5', 'issue' => '9-10', 'startpage' => '839', 'endpage' => '843', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';2324;1275;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0303;0400;', 'keywords' => '', 'abstract' => 'Tri-isobutylphosphine sulfide - Hg complex-based ISE were prepared (described) and were used in conjunction with an Orion 90-02-00 double-junction reference electrode. Batchwise potentiometric measurements were made in 0.1 M 2-morpholinoethanesulfonic acid (I)/NaOH buffers of pH 5.5, 6 or 6.5 or 0.1 M NaH2PO4/NaOH buffers of pH 6 or 6.5. Various Hg complex/PVC/plasticizer/DMF/THF mixtures were also used to prepare a membrane within a flow-through tubular electrode made from Epo-Tek 410 Ag-based conductive epoxy. This membrane electrode was used for detection in FIA. ISE containing 4% of ionophore showed near-Nernstian response to thiocyanate in all three I buffers and the detection limit was 2-4 µM, slightly better than in the phosphate buffers (detection limit of 5 µM-thiocyanate). Response times averaged 1 min for thiocyanate and 12 min for iodide. In FIA, the best signals were obtained with 100 µL sample injections and a carrier flow rate of 3.3 ml/min; with a membrane containing 4% of ionophore, the peak heights were reproducible to within ±1 mV for three injections at a given concentration.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '7', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 14:09:32', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00857', 'pauthor' => '!Bachas, L.G.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1002/elan.1140050919', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'no', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Iodide-selective electrodes based on a mercury - tri-isobutylphosphine sulfide complex', Electroanalysis, 1993 5(9-10) 839-843', 'firstchar' => 'I', 'twochars' => 'Io', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array([maximum depth reached]) ), (int) 13 => array( 'id' => '009899', 'authors' => 'Davey, D.E.;Mulcahy, D.E.;O'Connell, G.R.;Smart, R.S.', 'authorsweb' => 'David E. Davey, Dennis E. Mulcahy, Gregory R. O'Connell, Roger StC. Smart', 'title' => 'A flow injection/XPS investigation of the effect of redox equilibria on the selectivity of an iodide-selective electrode', 'journal' => 'Electroanalysis', 'journal_id' => '1003', 'fadid' => 'ELAN1995V0007P00461', 'year' => '1995', 'volume' => '7', 'issue' => '5', 'startpage' => '461', 'endpage' => '470', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1275;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0303;0400;', 'keywords' => ';0217;0377;0398;', 'abstract' => 'Bromide, thiocyanate and thiosulfate were studied as three moderately-interfering species. The flow injection (FI) manifold was as described earlier (Pure Appl. Chem, 1976, 48, 129). Potentiometric measurements were made with an Orion Research Model 710A digital pH/mV meter and the Orion 94-06A iodide ISE was used for most of the FI work. Neutral and acidified iodate and bromate oxidant streams increased the selectivity of the iodide electrode towards the interferents. Use of ascorbic acid or metabisulfite reducing streams resulted in a greater degree of selectivity towards iodide than was obtained with either of the neutral oxidant streams but a lower degree of selectivity than was obtained when a simple nitrate reagent stream was present. Thiosulfate damaged the surface of the electrode irreparably, with a concomitant excessive peak broadening in the FI experiment and very poor baseline recovery.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '8', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 14:10:24', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '01201', 'pauthor' => '!O'Connell, G.R.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1002/elan.1140070510', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'no', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''A flow injection/XPS investigation of the effect of redox equilibria on the selectivity of an iodide-selective electrode', Electroanalysis, 1995 7(5) 461-470', 'firstchar' => 'A', 'twochars' => 'A ', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 14 => array( 'id' => '009912', 'authors' => 'Davey, D.E.;Mulcahy, D.E.;O'Connell, G.R.', 'authorsweb' => 'David E. Davey, Dennis E. Mulcahy, Gregory R. O'Connell*', 'title' => 'Effect of membrane composition on the flow injection response of an ion-selective electrode: a comparative study based an selectivity coefficients calculated using a data linearization technique', 'journal' => 'Electroanalysis', 'journal_id' => '1003', 'fadid' => 'ELAN1996V0008P00274', 'year' => '1996', 'volume' => '8', 'issue' => '3', 'startpage' => '274', 'endpage' => '279', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1275;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0303;0284;0330;0400;', 'keywords' => ';0217;', 'abstract' => 'Portions of 100 µL of iodide solutions containing 100 mM bromide, thiocyanate and thiosulfate as interferents were injected into carrier and reagent streams (total flow 6.6 ml/min) of 1 µM-KI and 100 mM KNO3, and iodide detected using a variety of purpose made AgI/Ag2S (details given) and commercially available iodide, sulfide and cadmium ISE. Calibration graphs of the respective ISE responses are presented. Most sensors showed good analytical performance, excepting that prepared from a 3:1 AgI/Ag2S membrane.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '8', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 14:10:51', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '01201', 'pauthor' => '!O'Connell, G.R.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1002/elan.1140080313', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Effect of membrane composition on the flow injection response of an ion-selective electrode: a comparative study based an selectivity coefficients calculated using a data linearization technique', Electroanalysis, 1996 8(3) 274-279', 'firstchar' => 'E', 'twochars' => 'Ef', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 15 => array( 'id' => '009940', 'authors' => 'Di Benedetto, L.T.;Dimitrakopoulos, T.', 'authorsweb' => 'Lucy Tina Di Benedetto, Telis Dimitrakopoulos*', 'title' => 'Evaluation of a new wall-jet flow-through cell for commercial ion-selective electrodes in flow injection potentiometry', 'journal' => 'Electroanalysis', 'journal_id' => '1003', 'fadid' => 'ELAN1997V0009P00179', 'year' => '1997', 'volume' => '9', 'issue' => '2', 'startpage' => '179', 'endpage' => '182', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0205;0487;1275;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0400;0285;0303;', 'keywords' => ';0167;0043;', 'abstract' => 'The cited poly(methyl methacrylate) cell (28 x 25 x 35 mm) which can accommodate commercial gas-sensing, liquid polymer membrane and solid-state-based ISE is described (diagram given). The cell contains a 1 mm i.d. Ag/AgCl wire reference electrode and the dead volume of the ISE compartment is 18 µL. Two separate inlets and flow channels are used to carry the sample and reference solutions to the ISE and reference electrode, respectively, after which the streams are merged and carried to waste. The analysis rate was up to 240 samples/h and injection volumes >=50 µL are recommended. An Orion 95-12 ammonia ISE was used in the cell with a sample injection volume of 100 µL and 1 M KOH/1 µM-NH4Cl and 1 M KCl as carrier and reference solutions, respectively, e.g., at total flow rate of 1.8 ml/min. Calibration graphs of potential vs. log. NH3 concentration were linear for 0.1-10 mM NH3 and peak height RSD were 0.4-3.5%. The flow cell was also used to determine Ca and iodide using appropriate ISE.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '9', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 14:11:38', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00943', 'pauthor' => '!Dimitrakopoulos, T.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1002/elan.1140090219', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Evaluation of a new wall-jet flow-through cell for commercial ion-selective electrodes in flow injection potentiometry', Electroanalysis, 1997 9(2) 179-182', 'firstchar' => 'E', 'twochars' => 'Ev', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 16 => array( 'id' => '011126', 'authors' => 'Ilcheva, L.K.;Cammann, K.;Georgieva, T.', 'authorsweb' => 'NA', 'title' => 'Iodide selective electrode in flow injection system', 'journal' => 'Analusis', 'journal_id' => '0562', 'fadid' => 'ANLU1988V0016P00101', 'year' => '1988', 'volume' => '16', 'issue' => '9-10', 'startpage' => '101', 'endpage' => '104', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1275;', 'matrices' => ';0671;', 'techniques' => ';0303;', 'keywords' => ';0128;0217;', 'abstract' => 'Baseline drift that occurred during use of the I--selective electrode [Seibold 57-17 (Radelkis)] in presence of a high Cl- concentration. could be avoided by use of a flow injection system with the addition of ascorbic acid to the carrier stream. Thus, 50 ppm of I- in high-purity NaCl could be determined by flow injection analysis in a carrier stream (1.7 mL min-1) of 0.1 M NaNO3 containing 0.1 mg L-1 of ascorbic acid with use of the cited electrode. No interference from Cl- memory effects could be detected.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:11:09', 'sjccheck' => 'No', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '0', 'urlcheck' => '2006-05-20 18:43:48', 'urlcheckcode' => '', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'NA', 'address' => 'Higher Chem. Technol. Inst., Dept. Anal. Chem., 1156 Sofia Bulgaria', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => 'NA SJC 102114', 'url' => 'NA', 'urltype' => 'NA', 'gotpdf' => 'no', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Iodide selective electrode in flow injection system', Analusis, 1988 16(9-10) 101-104', 'firstchar' => 'I', 'twochars' => 'Io', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 17 => array( 'id' => '011372', 'authors' => 'Volesky, B.;Emond, C.', 'authorsweb' => 'B. Volesky, C. Emond', 'title' => 'Continuous-flow monitoring of lactose concentration', 'journal' => 'Biotechnol. Bioeng.', 'journal_id' => '0782', 'fadid' => 'BTBE1979V0021P01251', 'year' => '1979', 'volume' => '21', 'issue' => '7', 'startpage' => '1251', 'endpage' => '1276', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1349;', 'matrices' => 'NA', 'techniques' => ';0303;', 'keywords' => ';0258;0217;', 'abstract' => 'A specific continuous-flow analytical system for determination of lactose concentration in a liquid mixture of constituent sugars was developed and tested based on a series of enzymatic reactions. Lactose and glucose oxidase immobilized on a phenol-formaldehyde resin were employed. More detailed study was carried out based on a reaction by-product quantitatively detected by an available iodide electrode. A multichannel proportioning pump fed two independently operated analytical streams eliminating thus the background glucose interference. With a goal of lactose concentration control in a fermentation process, the system response time delay was shortened to approximately 15 min. Apart from optimization of the analytical system operating parameters, the study indicates also the major application problem areas: lactase inhibition by galactose, galactose oxidation by glucose oxidase, and a partial loss of glucose oxidase activity in a prolonged continuous-flow operation. A manual Colorimetric Procedure was employed to verify the results of the potentiometric method.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '2006-08-24 01:57:33', 'hits' => '7', 'urlcheck' => '2014-11-25 23:02:47', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found (Array)', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'NA', 'address' => 'Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada H3A 2A7', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1002/bit.260210713', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'no', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Continuous-flow monitoring of lactose concentration', Biotechnol. Bioeng., 1979 21(7) 1251-1276', 'firstchar' => 'C', 'twochars' => 'Co', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 18 => array( 'id' => '012627', 'authors' => 'Seifert, K.;Dominok, B.;Dominok, G.W.', 'authorsweb' => 'K Seifert, B Dominok, GW Dominok', 'title' => 'Improved methods for determination of fluoride in biological materials', 'journal' => 'Fluoride', 'journal_id' => '1177', 'fadid' => 'FLUR1986V0019P00022', 'year' => '1986', 'volume' => '19', 'issue' => '1', 'startpage' => '22', 'endpage' => '25', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0982;', 'matrices' => ';0262;0160;', 'techniques' => ';0298;0303;0416;', 'keywords' => ';0454;0468;', 'abstract' => 'Fluoride is separated from cartilage or aortic tissues without ashing by an adaptation of the method of Yoshida et al. (Anal. Abstr., 1979, 37, 6B109). The reaction takes place in a closed apparatus comprising a 100 mL flask in series with two gas bubblers, each containing 25 mL of 0.1 M NaOH. The sample, 50 mL of water and two drops of hexamethyldisiloxane are placed in the flask, and 40 mL of concentrated H2SO4 is added to the sample through a dropping funnel. The trimethylsilanol(I) produced reacts with the F- to form fluorotrimethylsilane(II), which is swept by N (50 mL min-1) to the bubblers. II is converted by the alkali back into I, which is extracted into toluene before measurement of the F- so liberated in 0.45 M HClO4 medium with an I--selective electrode. Urine is analyzed directly for F- in 0.5 M HClO4 medium containing 0.001% of Triton X-100 by using two F--selective electrodes in a flow injection system. The latter method was applied to urine of persons drinking fluoridated water or occupationally exposed to F. The former method was applied to tissues from adults and infants, and the results are reported.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '2006-08-06 10:50:14', 'hits' => '7', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-13 12:09:40', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 200 OK', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'Dominok, G.W.', 'address' => 'Institute of Hygiene and Pathology, Cottbus, GDR', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => null, 'url' => 'www.fluorideresearch.org/191/files/FJ1986_v19_n1_p001-050.pdf', 'urltype' => 'pdfurl', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Improved methods for determination of fluoride in biological materials', Fluoride, 1986 19(1) 22-25', 'firstchar' => 'I', 'twochars' => 'Im', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 19 => array( 'id' => '013023', 'authors' => 'Gur'ev, I.A.;Kuleshova, N.V.', 'authorsweb' => 'I. A. Gur'ev and N. V. Kuleshova', 'title' => 'Sorption preconcentration and flow injection determination of cadmium', 'journal' => 'J. Anal. Chem.', 'journal_id' => '0798', 'fadid' => 'JACU1998V0053P00796', 'year' => '1998', 'volume' => '53', 'issue' => '9', 'startpage' => '796', 'endpage' => '799', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0478;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0290;0303;0400;', 'keywords' => ';0212;0089;0398;', 'abstract' => 'A procedure for the flow injection determination of Cd traces in aqueous solutions was developed. The procedure is based on the use of ion-selective electrodes sensitive to chloride or iodide complexes of Cd. Sorption pre-concentration simultaneously transforms Cd to anal. active species, it decreases the limit of detection, and improves the selectivity of determination.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:11:09', 'sjccheck' => 'No', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '15', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-23 18:49:51', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Object moved', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'NA', 'address' => 'Chemistry Department, Nizhni-Novgorod State University, prosp. Gagarina 23, 603600, Nizhni Novgorod, Russia', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => 'Not available on springer', 'url' => 'elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=13280948', 'urltype' => 'absurl', 'gotpdf' => 'no', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Sorption preconcentration and flow injection determination of cadmium', J. Anal. Chem., 1998 53(9) 796-799', 'firstchar' => 'S', 'twochars' => 'So', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 20 => array( 'id' => '014690', 'authors' => 'Muller, H.;Wallaschek, G.', 'authorsweb' => 'Helmut Müller, Günter Wallaschek', 'title' => 'Determination of water in organic solvents by using the Karl Fischer method with flow injection analysis', 'journal' => 'Z. Chem.', 'journal_id' => '0557', 'fadid' => 'ZSCH1984V0024P00075', 'year' => '1984', 'volume' => '24', 'issue' => '2', 'startpage' => '75', 'endpage' => '76', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';2508;', 'matrices' => ';0806;0630;', 'techniques' => ';0303;0337;0400;', 'keywords' => '', 'abstract' => 'Liquid paraffin is pumped into the reservoir to force the Karl Fischer reagent in two parallel streams into phase-separation vessels; in this way the reagent does not make contact with the pump tubing. The lower (reagent) phase from the separation vessels flows to the detection system; one stream passes the sample-introduction system and traverses a delay coil. A µflow-through I--selective electrode (Ag2S type) is used for potentiometric measurement, and the differential response is recorded. Calibration standards are included in each series of analyzes to compensate for changes in electrode response as its surface acquires an iodine-containing coating. From 0.01 to 5% (w/w) of water can be determined with a coefficient of variation of 3%, and 50 to 60 samples (e.g., 30 µL) can be analyzed in 1 h; only 0.9 mL of reagent is needed per determination.', 'language' => 'German', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'No', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '0', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 22:07:35', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'NA', 'address' => 'Technische Hochschule 'Carl Schorlemmer', Leuna-Merseburg, Sektion Chemie, 4200 Merseburg, Otto-Nuschke-Str, E.-Germany', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1002/zfch.19840240221', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Determination of water in organic solvents by using the Karl Fischer method with flow injection analysis', Z. Chem., 1984 24(2) 75-76', 'firstchar' => 'D', 'twochars' => 'De', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Keyword' => array([maximum depth reached]) ) ) ) $c = array( 'id' => '008266', 'authors' => 'Alexander, P.W.;Seegopaul, P.', 'authorsweb' => 'Peter W. Alexander and Purneshwar Seegopaul', 'title' => 'Rapid-flow continuous analysis with ion-selective electrodes', 'journal' => 'Anal. Chem.', 'journal_id' => '0499', 'fadid' => 'ANCH1980V0052P02403', 'year' => '1980', 'volume' => '52', 'issue' => '14', 'startpage' => '2403', 'endpage' => '2406', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1275;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0303;', 'keywords' => '', 'abstract' => 'A study of rapid sampling in a continuous-flow system is reported with an iodide solid-state electrode as a continuous sensor. The system is operated by consecutive manual aspiration of sample and wash solutions into a flow manifold with air segmentation to reduce carry-over. The design features and flow rates used in the operation of the system are described, and it is found that sampling rates up to 360/h are permissible with flow rates as low as 9.2 mL min-1. The concept of combining rapid flow with air segmentation is shown to give an Improved method for achieving rapid sampling with electrode detection in a continuous-flow system with advantages over the more complex bubble-gating and flow-injection techniques currently in use.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2014-11-12 21:24:23', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '8', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 18:32:10', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00008', 'pauthor' => '!Alexander, P.W.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => 'Not DOI assigned. Use issue url', 'url' => '10.1021/ac50064a038', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Rapid-flow continuous analysis with ion-selective electrodes', Anal. Chem., 1980 52(14) 2403-2406', 'firstchar' => 'R', 'twochars' => 'Ra', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( 'id' => '005839', 'citation_id' => '008266', 'technique_id' => '0303' ), 'Analyte' => array( (int) 0 => array( 'id' => '01275', 'name' => 'Iodide', 'iupac_name' => 'iodide', 'casrn' => '20461-54-5', 'synonyms' => 'iodide ion', 'total' => '85', 'inchi' => 'InChI=1S/HI/h1H/p-1', 'inchikey' => 'XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-M', 'formula' => 'I-', 'oxstate' => '-1', 'url' => '', 'charge' => '-1', 'class1' => 'Element', 'class2' => 'Non-metal', 'class3' => 'Halogen', 'class4' => 'Anion', 'class5' => '', 'isgroup' => '', 'checked' => 'yes', 'citation_count' => '0', 'updated' => '2015-10-23 21:29:44', 'first' => 'I', 'nametotal' => 'Iodide**85', 'AnalytesCitation' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ) ), 'Matrix' => array(), 'Keyword' => array() ) $i = (int) 7 $path = '' $a = '' $url = 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac50064a038' $aus = 'Peter W. Alexander and Purneshwar Seegopaul'include - APP/View/Elements/citation.ctp, line 40 View::_evaluate() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 971 View::_render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 933 View::_renderElement() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 1224 View::element() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 418 include - APP/View/Techniques/view.ctp, line 52 View::_evaluate() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 971 View::_render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 933 View::render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 473 Controller::render() - CORE/Cake/Controller/Controller.php, line 968 Dispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/Cake/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 200 Dispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/Cake/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 167 [main] - APP/webroot/index.php, line 109
Abstract:
A study of rapid sampling in a continuous-flow system is reported with an iodide solid-state electrode as a continuous sensor. The system is operated by consecutive manual aspiration of sample and wash solutions into a flow manifold with air segmentation to reduce carry-over. The design features and flow rates used in the operation of the system are described, and it is found that sampling rates up to 360/h are permissible with flow rates as low as 9.2 mL min-1. The concept of combining rapid flow with air segmentation is shown to give an Improved method for achieving rapid sampling with electrode detection in a continuous-flow system with advantages over the more complex bubble-gating and flow-injection techniques currently in use.
Iodide
"Incorporation Of A Coated Tubular Solid-state Iodide Selective Electrode Into The Conduits Of A Flow Injection System"
Fresenius J. Anal. Chem.
1986 Volume 325, Issue 3 Pages 247-251
Notice (8): Undefined variable: uid [APP/View/Elements/citation.ctp, line 40]Jacobus F. van StadenCode Context?><?phpif($uid!='') {$viewFile = '/home/stuchalk/public_html/fad/app/View/Elements/citation.ctp' $dataForView = array( 'data' => array( 'Technique' => array( 'id' => '0303', 'label' => 'Electrode', 'level1' => 'Electrode', 'level2' => 'ion selective', 'level3' => 'iodide', 'level4' => '', 'level5' => '', 'synonyms' => 'Ion selective electrode,ISE', 'champ' => '', 'total' => '21', 'updated' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'name' => 'Electrode, ion selective, iodide', 'nametotal' => 'Electrode, ion selective, iodide**21', 'first' => 'E' ), 'Citation' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 1 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 2 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 3 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 4 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 5 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 6 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 7 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 8 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 9 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 10 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 11 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 12 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 13 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 14 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 15 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 16 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 17 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 18 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 19 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 20 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ) ), 'c' => array( 'id' => '008892', 'authors' => 'Van Staden, J.F.', 'authorsweb' => 'Jacobus F. van Staden', 'title' => 'Incorporation of a coated tubular solid-state iodide selective electrode into the conduits of a flow injection system', 'journal' => 'Fresenius J. Anal. Chem.', 'journal_id' => '0944', 'fadid' => 'FJAC1986V0325P00247', 'year' => '1986', 'volume' => '325', 'issue' => '3', 'startpage' => '247', 'endpage' => '251', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1275;', 'matrices' => ';0473;', 'techniques' => ';0303;0400;', 'keywords' => ';0043;0090;0302;0354;0223;0054;', 'abstract' => 'A tubular flow-through electrode (5 mm long, 2 mm i.d.) prepared by depositing AgI on silver foil and connected to an Orion Research microprocessor Ionalyzer with an Orion double-junction reference electrode was incorporated in a flow injection system (diagram given) capable of 90 samples h-1. Samples and ionic-strength-adjustment buffer were fed by a peristaltic pump with a pulse suppression system. Optimum sensitivity and response were obtained with 0.1 M KNO3 - 0.02 M acetic acid buffer. Response of carefully conditioned electrodes was rectilinear from 5 to 5000 mg L-1 of I-; they were stable and needed little maintenance. Analyses of iodized table salt agreed reasonably with quoted I- concentration, with a coefficient of variation of <1.8% (n = 15). The practical range was 5 to 2000 mg l-1.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '15', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 00:20:33', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00328', 'pauthor' => '!Van Staden, J.F.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1007/BF00498166', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Incorporation of a coated tubular solid-state iodide selective electrode into the conduits of a flow injection system', Fresenius J. Anal. Chem., 1986 325(3) 247-251', 'firstchar' => 'I', 'twochars' => 'In', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( 'id' => '006871', 'citation_id' => '008892', 'technique_id' => '0303' ), 'Analyte' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), 'Matrix' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), 'Keyword' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 1 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 2 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 3 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 4 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 5 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ) ), 'i' => (int) 8 ) $data = array( 'Technique' => array( 'id' => '0303', 'label' => 'Electrode', 'level1' => 'Electrode', 'level2' => 'ion selective', 'level3' => 'iodide', 'level4' => '', 'level5' => '', 'synonyms' => 'Ion selective electrode,ISE', 'champ' => '', 'total' => '21', 'updated' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'name' => 'Electrode, ion selective, iodide', 'nametotal' => 'Electrode, ion selective, iodide**21', 'first' => 'E' ), 'Citation' => array( (int) 0 => array( 'id' => '003989', 'authors' => 'Trojanowicz, M.A.;Matuszewski, W.;Hulanicki, A.', 'authorsweb' => 'Marek Trojanowicz, Wojciech Matuszewski and Adam Hulanicki', 'title' => 'Flow injection potentiometric determination of residual chlorine in water', 'journal' => 'Anal. Chim. Acta', 'journal_id' => '0584', 'fadid' => 'ANCA1982V0136P00085', 'year' => '1982', 'volume' => '136', 'issue' => '1', 'startpage' => '85', 'endpage' => '92 ', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0597;', 'matrices' => ';0372;', 'techniques' => ';0192;0303;0400;', 'keywords' => '', 'abstract' => 'Residual chlorine is measured in water by using a potentiometric system composed of an iodide-selective electrode and a platinum electrode sensing the iodine-iodide ratio. When the sample is added to acidified iodide solution, the cell response is in a logarithmic relation to the iodine concentration which in turn depends on the concentration of residual chlorine. In the flow injection system evolved, 0.1-5.0 mg L-1 residual chlorine can be determined at a rate of 40-60 samples per hour. The results of potentiometric determinations of residual chlorine in tap water compared to spectrophotometric results suggest that the presence of various organic substances is responsible for discrepancies between these measurements.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '9', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 15:43:35', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00320', 'pauthor' => '!Trojanowicz, M.A.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1016/S0003-2670(01)95366-8', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Flow injection potentiometric determination of residual chlorine in water', Anal. Chim. Acta, 1982 136(1) 85-92 ', 'firstchar' => 'F', 'twochars' => 'Fl', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Keyword' => array([maximum depth reached]) ), (int) 1 => array( 'id' => '005156', 'authors' => 'Figuerola, E.;Florido, A.;Aguilar, M.;De Pablo, J.;Alegret, S.', 'authorsweb' => 'E. Figuerola, A. Florido, M. Aguilar and J. De Pablo, S. Alegret', 'title' => 'Sequential flow injection determination of cyanide and weak metal cyanide complexes with flow-through heterogeneous membrane electrodes', 'journal' => 'Anal. Chim. Acta', 'journal_id' => '0584', 'fadid' => 'ANCA1988V0215P00283', 'year' => '1988', 'volume' => '215', 'issue' => '1-2', 'startpage' => '283', 'endpage' => '288', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0716;0717;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0127;0303;0400;', 'keywords' => ';0173;0217;0302;0212;0258;', 'abstract' => 'Two I--selective heterogeneous epoxy-based membrane flow-through electrodes were placed before and after a gas diffusion unit in a flow injection system for determination of free and total CN-. The CN--containing sample was injected into a KNO3 carrier solution and free CN- was determined by the first flow-through electrode. The solution was then treated with the HCl stream in the reaction coil. The HCN evolved passed through the gas-permeable membrane in the diffusion unit and was collected in an alkaline solution, where the CN- was measured by the second flow-through electrode. Under optimum conditions, the response was rectilinear from 10 µM to 1 mM CN- and the coefficient of variation were ~2% with a sampling rate of 20 h-1. Total CN- could be determined in the presence of Zn, Cu(II) and Cd but results were low in the presence of Ni, Co(II) and Fe(III). Sulfide and SCN- were not tolerated. The reproducibility was worse than that of spectrophotometric detection but the method could be used over a wider concentration. range and was more suitable for an online control monitoring system.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '2', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 15:55:59', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'NA', 'address' => '?', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1016/S0003-2670(00)85287-3', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Sequential flow injection determination of cyanide and weak metal cyanide complexes with flow-through heterogeneous membrane electrodes', Anal. Chim. Acta, 1988 215(1-2) 283-288', 'firstchar' => 'S', 'twochars' => 'Se', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 2 => array( 'id' => '005694', 'authors' => 'Van Staden, J.F.', 'authorsweb' => 'Jacobus F. van Staden', 'title' => 'Response time phenomena of coated open-tubular solid-state silver halide-selective electrodes and their influence on sample dispersion in flow injection analysis', 'journal' => 'Anal. Chim. Acta', 'journal_id' => '0584', 'fadid' => 'ANCA1992V0261P00381', 'year' => '1992', 'volume' => '261', 'issue' => '1-2', 'startpage' => '381', 'endpage' => '390', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0451;0594;1275;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0283;0290;0303;', 'keywords' => ';0302;0410;0119;', 'abstract' => 'A comparative study has been made of the response times of coated open-tubular Ag membrane electrodes selective towards Cl-, Br- or I- (cf. Ibid., 1986, 179, 407) as they affect the throughput of flow injection analysis systems. The tubular indicator electrodes were used in conjunction with an Orion 90-02 double-junction reference electrode with 10% KNO3 solution in its outer chamber. The digitized signals were smoothed by applying the DS (data sets) Cat and Smooth operations of the ASYST software; typical background-corrected graphs for the flow injection measurement of halides (10 to 5000 mg l-1) are reproduced. Examination of the leading edges of the various peaks showed that their rate of response was independent of concentration. and did not significantly decrease the sampling rate, although the response of the Br- electrode at the initial peak-formation stages near the baseline was slightly slower than that of the others. The rate of response of the trailing edges was mainly responsible for the sampling rate in an optimized flow injection system, and the I- electrode showed a memory effect, which was largely responsible for the low sampling rate of this system compared with similar systems with the other two electrodes. The contribution of the memory effect or response time phenomena of coated open-tubular solid state chloride-, bromide-, and iodide-selective electrodes on the anal. output in flow injection systems are presented for concentration. ranges between 10 and 5000 mg L-1. The rate of response for the leading edges of all three electrodes due to electrode properties are independent of concentration. and do not contribute significantly to any decrease in sampling rate, although the rate of response of the bromide-selective electrode flow injection analysis (FIA) system seems to be slightly slower than the other two electrode systems at the initial peak-formation stages near the base line. The rate of response for the tailing edges of the different electrodes due to electrode properties is mainly responsible for the sampling rate obtained in an optimized FIA-ISE system. The memory effect of the iodide-selective electrode is mainly responsible for the fact that the sampling rate of this system is very much lower than the sampling rate obtained for similar systems with the other two electrodes. For the bromide-selective electrode system, the slower rate of response due to electrode properties at the tailing edges (especially with high concentrations of bromide) than that of the chloride-selective electrode, contributes mainly to a lower sampling output for the bromide-selective electrode-FIA system when compared with the chloride electrode system.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '6', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 16:06:13', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00328', 'pauthor' => '!Van Staden, J.F.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1016/0003-2670(92)80217-U', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Response time phenomena of coated open-tubular solid-state silver halide-selective electrodes and their influence on sample dispersion in flow injection analysis', Anal. Chim. Acta, 1992 261(1-2) 381-390', 'firstchar' => 'R', 'twochars' => 'Re', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 3 => array( 'id' => '006910', 'authors' => 'Alegret, S.;Florido, A.;Lima, J.L.F.C.;Machado, A.A.S.C.', 'authorsweb' => 'S. Alegret*, A. Florido, J. L. F. C. Lima and A. A. S. C. Machado ', 'title' => 'Flow-through tubular iodide- and bromide-selective electrodes based on epoxy-resin heterogeneous membranes', 'journal' => 'Talanta', 'journal_id' => '0569', 'fadid' => 'TALT1989V0036P00825', 'year' => '1989', 'volume' => '36', 'issue' => '8', 'startpage' => '825', 'endpage' => '829', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1275;0451;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0283;0303;', 'keywords' => ';0217;0253;0385;0213;', 'abstract' => 'The electrodes were made from 4-mm lengths of Perspex tubing (1 cm o.d., 8 mm i.d.), which were filled with Ag-containing conductive epoxy-resin to which a shielded cable was then attached. A hole (1.75 mm diameter) was drilled through the centre, which was then packed with powdered AgX - Ag2S mixture (X = I or Br) dispersed in non-conductive epoxy-resin. A central channel (0.75 mm diameter) was then drilled leaving a membrane of 0.5-mm thickness. The response characteristics were evaluated in a low-dispersion flow injection system, and both showed a Nernstian response between 50 µM and 0.1 M with good reproducibility and a rapid response that permitted a sampling rate of 60 h-1. Operational pH ranges for I- and Br- were 2.5 to 11 and 3 to 10, respectively. Interference by several ions is reported; I- must be absent in determinations with the Br- electrode.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '11', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 14:55:17', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00788', 'pauthor' => '!Alegret, S.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1016/0039-9140(89)80162-6', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Flow-through tubular iodide- and bromide-selective electrodes based on epoxy-resin heterogeneous membranes', Talanta, 1989 36(8) 825-829', 'firstchar' => 'F', 'twochars' => 'Fl', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 4 => array( 'id' => '006998', 'authors' => 'Najib, F.M.;Othman, S.', 'authorsweb' => 'Fadhil M. Najib* and Shireen Othman, ', 'title' => 'Simultaneous determination of chloride, bromide, iodide and fluoride with flow injection - ion-selective electrode systems', 'journal' => 'Talanta', 'journal_id' => '0569', 'fadid' => 'TALT1992V0039P01259', 'year' => '1992', 'volume' => '39', 'issue' => '10', 'startpage' => '1259', 'endpage' => '1267', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0594;0451;1275;0982;', 'matrices' => ';0372;', 'techniques' => ';0283;0290;0298;0303;', 'keywords' => ';0258;0320;0217;', 'abstract' => 'Electrodes for Cl-, Br- and I- were constructed (preparation described) from Ag2 - AgCl or AgBr (1:1) and Ag2S - AgI (1:3); for F- a commercial electrode was used. By combining the electrodes and suppressor columns of AgCl and amalgamated Pb, the ions were simultaneously determined in a carrier stream (0.5 mL min-1) of e.g. 0.1 M HClO4 at pH 4.0. The calibration graphs were rectilinear down to 100, 5, 1 and 5 µM for Cl-, Br-, I- and F-, respectively. The reproducibility was 1% for the determination of the halides in eight water samples, the results agreed well with those obtained by three reference methods. Flow-through ion-selective electrodes were constructed from compressed pellets (8-10 mm thick, 13 mm diameter, 10 tons/cm2 pressure) of Ag2S/AgX (X = Cl-, Br- or I-) drilled longitudinally (1.5 mm diameter hole) to be suitable for use in flow injection analysis. A column of AgCl (5.5 cm long, 2-3 mm internal diameter) was included in the Cl- electrode manifold to remove interferences from 10^-4 M Br- and 3 x 10^-5 M I- and S2-. A column of amalgamated lead (2-3 cm long, 2-3 mm internal diameter) was used in the Br--electrode manifold to remove interference from 2 x 10^-5 M I-, 3 x 10^-5 M S2- and 7 x 10^-4 M Cl-. These columns and the addition of ascorbic acid were not required when I- was determined with the iodide electrode. The carrier stream was 0.1 M sodium perchlorate (pH 4) at a flow-rate of 0.5 mL/min. The sample pH could be 4-7. Simultaneous determination of Cl- and I-, Cl-, I- and Br-, and Cl-, I-, Br- and F- ions was possible with combinations of the corresponding electrodes and columns in series and/or parallel in specially designed manifolds. Calibration plots were linear, with almost theoretical slopes, down to 10^-6 M I-, 5 x 10^-6 M Br-, 10^-4 M Cl- and 5 x 10^-6 M F-, with precision better than 1%. Sampling rates for single-ion determinations were 72, 102, 90 and 80 per h for the one-, two-, three- and four-electrode systems respectively. Determinations of these ions in water samples by the recommended procedure and by established batch methods showed no significant difference at the 95% confidence limits in a paired comparison t-test.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '28', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 14:59:47', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'Najib, F.M.', 'address' => 'Department of Chemistry, University of Salahaddin, Arbil, Iraq', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1016/0039-9140(92)80234-5', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Simultaneous determination of chloride, bromide, iodide and fluoride with flow injection - ion-selective electrode systems', Talanta, 1992 39(10) 1259-1267', 'firstchar' => 'S', 'twochars' => 'Si', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 5 => array( 'id' => '007457', 'authors' => 'Christopoulos, T.K.;Diamandis, E.P.', 'authorsweb' => 'Theodore K. Christopoulos and Eleftherios P. Diamandis', 'title' => 'Flow-through units for solid-state, liquid and PVC matrix membrane ion-selective electrodes to minimize streaming potentials', 'journal' => 'Analyst', 'journal_id' => '0864', 'fadid' => 'ANAL1987V0112P01293', 'year' => '1987', 'volume' => '112', 'issue' => '9', 'startpage' => '1293', 'endpage' => '1298', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1275;1757;1978;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0303;0315;0156;', 'keywords' => ';0258;0397;', 'abstract' => 'Three flow-through units were constructed (diagrams given) and evaluated for electrode membranes sensitive to iodide (solid), perchlorate (liquid) and propantheline (PVC matrix), respectively. Streaming potential oscillations were reduced to 0.2 mV by siting the sensing membrane as near as possible to the external reference electrolyte - sample solution contact zone. Air-segmented streams were used to study the effect of flow rates of 1.74, 3.64 and 6.7 mL min-1. Sampling rates of up to 60, 120 and 240 h-1, respectively, were achieved.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '0', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 00:02:43', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => '!Diamondis, E.P.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1039/an9871201293', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Flow-through units for solid-state, liquid and PVC matrix membrane ion-selective electrodes to minimize streaming potentials', Analyst, 1987 112(9) 1293-1298', 'firstchar' => 'F', 'twochars' => 'Fl', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 6 => array( 'id' => '007658', 'authors' => 'Davey, D.E.;Mulcahy, D.E.;O'Connell, G.R.', 'authorsweb' => 'David E. Davey, Dennis E. Mulcahy and Gregory R. O'Connell', 'title' => 'Effect of flow injection parameters on the selectivity of an iodide-selective electrode', 'journal' => 'Analyst', 'journal_id' => '0864', 'fadid' => 'ANAL1992V0117P00761', 'year' => '1992', 'volume' => '117', 'issue' => '4', 'startpage' => '761', 'endpage' => '765', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1275;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0303;', 'keywords' => ';0398;0217;0302;', 'abstract' => 'The effects of sample loop volume, flow rate, carrier I- concentration, interferents, solution pH and temperature were studied, with selectivity coefficient being measured for Br-, SCN- and thiosulfate. Samples of 100 µL should be mixed with a 1 µM-KI carrier and a 0.1 M KNO3 reagent stream flowing at a combined rate of 6 to 7 mL min-1 in either neutral or acid solution at 20°C. A study has been carried out on the influence of several experimental parameters on the selectivity of a homogeneous membrane iodide-selective electrode operating under flow injection conditions. Selectivity coefficients were measured for bromide, thiocyanate and thiosulfate by use of a mixed-solution technique, with the effects of sample loop volume, flow rate, carrier iodide concentration, interferent activity, solution pH and temperature being investigated in turn. When the flow system was optimized, it proved possible to double the selectivity of the electrode towards iodide. Facets of the observed behavior were found to correlate well with existing theories on the time-dependent response of solid-state ion-selective electrodes. Peak profiles were also examined, with particular attention being given to the potential excursions or 'overshoots' recorded when mixed solutions of low iodide activity were injected into the flow stream.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '2', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 08:32:42', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'NA', 'address' => 'Sch. Chem. Technol., Univ. South Australia, The Levels, 5095, Australia', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1039/an9921700761', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Effect of flow injection parameters on the selectivity of an iodide-selective electrode', Analyst, 1992 117(4) 761-765', 'firstchar' => 'E', 'twochars' => 'Ef', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 7 => array( 'id' => '008266', 'authors' => 'Alexander, P.W.;Seegopaul, P.', 'authorsweb' => 'Peter W. Alexander and Purneshwar Seegopaul', 'title' => 'Rapid-flow continuous analysis with ion-selective electrodes', 'journal' => 'Anal. Chem.', 'journal_id' => '0499', 'fadid' => 'ANCH1980V0052P02403', 'year' => '1980', 'volume' => '52', 'issue' => '14', 'startpage' => '2403', 'endpage' => '2406', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1275;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0303;', 'keywords' => '', 'abstract' => 'A study of rapid sampling in a continuous-flow system is reported with an iodide solid-state electrode as a continuous sensor. The system is operated by consecutive manual aspiration of sample and wash solutions into a flow manifold with air segmentation to reduce carry-over. The design features and flow rates used in the operation of the system are described, and it is found that sampling rates up to 360/h are permissible with flow rates as low as 9.2 mL min-1. The concept of combining rapid flow with air segmentation is shown to give an Improved method for achieving rapid sampling with electrode detection in a continuous-flow system with advantages over the more complex bubble-gating and flow-injection techniques currently in use.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2014-11-12 21:24:23', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '8', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 18:32:10', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00008', 'pauthor' => '!Alexander, P.W.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => 'Not DOI assigned. Use issue url', 'url' => '10.1021/ac50064a038', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Rapid-flow continuous analysis with ion-selective electrodes', Anal. Chem., 1980 52(14) 2403-2406', 'firstchar' => 'R', 'twochars' => 'Ra', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array([maximum depth reached]) ), (int) 8 => array( 'id' => '008892', 'authors' => 'Van Staden, J.F.', 'authorsweb' => 'Jacobus F. van Staden', 'title' => 'Incorporation of a coated tubular solid-state iodide selective electrode into the conduits of a flow injection system', 'journal' => 'Fresenius J. Anal. Chem.', 'journal_id' => '0944', 'fadid' => 'FJAC1986V0325P00247', 'year' => '1986', 'volume' => '325', 'issue' => '3', 'startpage' => '247', 'endpage' => '251', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1275;', 'matrices' => ';0473;', 'techniques' => ';0303;0400;', 'keywords' => ';0043;0090;0302;0354;0223;0054;', 'abstract' => 'A tubular flow-through electrode (5 mm long, 2 mm i.d.) prepared by depositing AgI on silver foil and connected to an Orion Research microprocessor Ionalyzer with an Orion double-junction reference electrode was incorporated in a flow injection system (diagram given) capable of 90 samples h-1. Samples and ionic-strength-adjustment buffer were fed by a peristaltic pump with a pulse suppression system. Optimum sensitivity and response were obtained with 0.1 M KNO3 - 0.02 M acetic acid buffer. Response of carefully conditioned electrodes was rectilinear from 5 to 5000 mg L-1 of I-; they were stable and needed little maintenance. Analyses of iodized table salt agreed reasonably with quoted I- concentration, with a coefficient of variation of <1.8% (n = 15). The practical range was 5 to 2000 mg l-1.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '15', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 00:20:33', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00328', 'pauthor' => '!Van Staden, J.F.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1007/BF00498166', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Incorporation of a coated tubular solid-state iodide selective electrode into the conduits of a flow injection system', Fresenius J. Anal. Chem., 1986 325(3) 247-251', 'firstchar' => 'I', 'twochars' => 'In', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 9 => array( 'id' => '008904', 'authors' => 'Trojanowicz, M.A.;Frenzel, W.', 'authorsweb' => 'Marek Trojanowicz and Wolfgang Frenzel', 'title' => 'Flow injection potentiometry for low level measurements in the presence of sensed ion in the carrier', 'journal' => 'Fresenius J. Anal. Chem.', 'journal_id' => '0944', 'fadid' => 'FJAC1987V0328P00653', 'year' => '1987', 'volume' => '328', 'issue' => '8', 'startpage' => '653', 'endpage' => '656', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0982;1275;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0298;0303;0400;', 'keywords' => ';0464;', 'abstract' => 'A theoretical treatment based on the Nikolski equation is presented for the response of ion-sensitive electrodes in flow injection analysis, and the predictions are compared with experimental results obtained with a F--selective electrode and 0.2 M NaCl - 0.2 M acetate buffer (pH 5.2) containing F- (100 µg l-1) as carrier and with an I--selective electrode and a carrier of 0.2 M KNO3 containing ascorbic acid (1 g l-1) and I- (100 µg l-1). Measurements were made in a single-line manifold with a variable length of tubing (0.8 mm i.d.) and an injected volume of 100 µL. Significant deviations due to slow response were observed, but it is possible to linearize the calibration graph for low-dispersion systems and the electrodes can be used, with limited sensitivity, in the µg L-1 concentration. range.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '21', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 00:20:53', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00320', 'pauthor' => '!Trojanowicz, M.A.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1007/BF00488664', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Flow injection potentiometry for low level measurements in the presence of sensed ion in the carrier', Fresenius J. Anal. Chem., 1987 328(8) 653-656', 'firstchar' => 'F', 'twochars' => 'Fl', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 10 => array( 'id' => '008907', 'authors' => 'Ilcheva, L.;Trojanowicz, M.A.;Krawczynski Vel Krawczyk, T.', 'authorsweb' => 'Liliana Ilcheva, Marek Trojanowicz and Tadeusz Krawczynski vel Krawczyk', 'title' => 'Effect of addition of main ion to carrier solution in potentiometric flow injection measurements with solid state ion-selective electrodes', 'journal' => 'Fresenius J. Anal. Chem.', 'journal_id' => '0944', 'fadid' => 'FJAC1987V0328P00027', 'year' => '1987', 'volume' => '328', 'issue' => '1-2', 'startpage' => '27', 'endpage' => '32', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0982;0594;1275;0684;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0238;0290;0295;0298;0303;0400;', 'keywords' => ';0401;0464;', 'abstract' => 'Flow injection measurements were made by using a flow-through cup (described and illustrated) and Cl--, F--, I-- and Cu(II)-selective electrodes. The addition of the main ion to the carrier solution to create a constant background level of main ion produces a significant improvement in response for the F-- and I--selective electrodes. However, a very slow return of the potential value to the baseline is observed for I- measurements; this is attributable to the slow desorption of I- from the electrode surface. The super-Nernstian slope observed for the F-- and Cu(II)-selective electrodes in the absence of F- or Cu(II) in the carrier solution decreased to Nernstian values in the presence of the ions in the carrier solution', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '27', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 00:20:46', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00320', 'pauthor' => '!Trojanowicz, M.A.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1007/BF00560942', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Effect of addition of main ion to carrier solution in potentiometric flow injection measurements with solid state ion-selective electrodes', Fresenius J. Anal. Chem., 1987 328(1-2) 27-32', 'firstchar' => 'E', 'twochars' => 'Ef', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 11 => array( 'id' => '009866', 'authors' => 'Davey, D.E.;Mulcahy, D.E.;O'Connell, G.R.', 'authorsweb' => 'David E. Davey, Dennis E. Mulcahy, Gregory R. O'Connell', 'title' => 'Comparison of detector cell configurations in flow injection potentiometry', 'journal' => 'Electroanalysis', 'journal_id' => '1003', 'fadid' => 'ELAN1993V0005P00581', 'year' => '1993', 'volume' => '5', 'issue' => '7', 'startpage' => '581', 'endpage' => '588', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1275;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0400;0303;', 'keywords' => ';0258;', 'abstract' => 'A solid-state iodide-selective electrode was used to compare the performances of flow-through, edge-jet and wall-jet detector cell configurations in FIA. Cell volume of 4-210 µL were studied with flow streams of 1.7 or 3.2 ml/min and injections of 0.1 M KI were made into a flow stream of 10 µM-KI or of 0.1 M KNO3. Similarly good results were obtained for each configuration in the cell volume range 4-63 µL at 1.7 ml/min or 4-120 µL at 3.2 ml/min, but best results were given generally under thin-layer flow conditions which occurred in the cell volume range 4-33 µL. The range of cell volume that could yield steady data decreased in the order edge-jet, wall-jet, flow-through configuration.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '7', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 14:09:26', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00106', 'pauthor' => '!Davey, D.E.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1002/elan.1140050709', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'no', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Comparison of detector cell configurations in flow injection potentiometry', Electroanalysis, 1993 5(7) 581-588', 'firstchar' => 'C', 'twochars' => 'Co', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 12 => array( 'id' => '009877', 'authors' => 'Daunert, S.;Florido, A.;Bricker, J.;Dunaway, W.;Bachas, L.G.;Valiente, M.', 'authorsweb' => 'Sylvia Daunert, Antonio Florido, Jordi Bricker, Wes Dunaway, Leonidas G. Bachas, Manuel Valiente', 'title' => 'Iodide-selective electrodes based on a mercury - tri-isobutylphosphine sulfide complex', 'journal' => 'Electroanalysis', 'journal_id' => '1003', 'fadid' => 'ELAN1993V0005P00839', 'year' => '1993', 'volume' => '5', 'issue' => '9-10', 'startpage' => '839', 'endpage' => '843', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';2324;1275;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0303;0400;', 'keywords' => '', 'abstract' => 'Tri-isobutylphosphine sulfide - Hg complex-based ISE were prepared (described) and were used in conjunction with an Orion 90-02-00 double-junction reference electrode. Batchwise potentiometric measurements were made in 0.1 M 2-morpholinoethanesulfonic acid (I)/NaOH buffers of pH 5.5, 6 or 6.5 or 0.1 M NaH2PO4/NaOH buffers of pH 6 or 6.5. Various Hg complex/PVC/plasticizer/DMF/THF mixtures were also used to prepare a membrane within a flow-through tubular electrode made from Epo-Tek 410 Ag-based conductive epoxy. This membrane electrode was used for detection in FIA. ISE containing 4% of ionophore showed near-Nernstian response to thiocyanate in all three I buffers and the detection limit was 2-4 µM, slightly better than in the phosphate buffers (detection limit of 5 µM-thiocyanate). Response times averaged 1 min for thiocyanate and 12 min for iodide. In FIA, the best signals were obtained with 100 µL sample injections and a carrier flow rate of 3.3 ml/min; with a membrane containing 4% of ionophore, the peak heights were reproducible to within ±1 mV for three injections at a given concentration.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '7', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 14:09:32', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00857', 'pauthor' => '!Bachas, L.G.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1002/elan.1140050919', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'no', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Iodide-selective electrodes based on a mercury - tri-isobutylphosphine sulfide complex', Electroanalysis, 1993 5(9-10) 839-843', 'firstchar' => 'I', 'twochars' => 'Io', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array([maximum depth reached]) ), (int) 13 => array( 'id' => '009899', 'authors' => 'Davey, D.E.;Mulcahy, D.E.;O'Connell, G.R.;Smart, R.S.', 'authorsweb' => 'David E. Davey, Dennis E. Mulcahy, Gregory R. O'Connell, Roger StC. Smart', 'title' => 'A flow injection/XPS investigation of the effect of redox equilibria on the selectivity of an iodide-selective electrode', 'journal' => 'Electroanalysis', 'journal_id' => '1003', 'fadid' => 'ELAN1995V0007P00461', 'year' => '1995', 'volume' => '7', 'issue' => '5', 'startpage' => '461', 'endpage' => '470', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1275;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0303;0400;', 'keywords' => ';0217;0377;0398;', 'abstract' => 'Bromide, thiocyanate and thiosulfate were studied as three moderately-interfering species. The flow injection (FI) manifold was as described earlier (Pure Appl. Chem, 1976, 48, 129). Potentiometric measurements were made with an Orion Research Model 710A digital pH/mV meter and the Orion 94-06A iodide ISE was used for most of the FI work. Neutral and acidified iodate and bromate oxidant streams increased the selectivity of the iodide electrode towards the interferents. Use of ascorbic acid or metabisulfite reducing streams resulted in a greater degree of selectivity towards iodide than was obtained with either of the neutral oxidant streams but a lower degree of selectivity than was obtained when a simple nitrate reagent stream was present. Thiosulfate damaged the surface of the electrode irreparably, with a concomitant excessive peak broadening in the FI experiment and very poor baseline recovery.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '8', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 14:10:24', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '01201', 'pauthor' => '!O'Connell, G.R.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1002/elan.1140070510', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'no', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''A flow injection/XPS investigation of the effect of redox equilibria on the selectivity of an iodide-selective electrode', Electroanalysis, 1995 7(5) 461-470', 'firstchar' => 'A', 'twochars' => 'A ', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 14 => array( 'id' => '009912', 'authors' => 'Davey, D.E.;Mulcahy, D.E.;O'Connell, G.R.', 'authorsweb' => 'David E. Davey, Dennis E. Mulcahy, Gregory R. O'Connell*', 'title' => 'Effect of membrane composition on the flow injection response of an ion-selective electrode: a comparative study based an selectivity coefficients calculated using a data linearization technique', 'journal' => 'Electroanalysis', 'journal_id' => '1003', 'fadid' => 'ELAN1996V0008P00274', 'year' => '1996', 'volume' => '8', 'issue' => '3', 'startpage' => '274', 'endpage' => '279', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1275;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0303;0284;0330;0400;', 'keywords' => ';0217;', 'abstract' => 'Portions of 100 µL of iodide solutions containing 100 mM bromide, thiocyanate and thiosulfate as interferents were injected into carrier and reagent streams (total flow 6.6 ml/min) of 1 µM-KI and 100 mM KNO3, and iodide detected using a variety of purpose made AgI/Ag2S (details given) and commercially available iodide, sulfide and cadmium ISE. Calibration graphs of the respective ISE responses are presented. Most sensors showed good analytical performance, excepting that prepared from a 3:1 AgI/Ag2S membrane.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '8', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 14:10:51', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '01201', 'pauthor' => '!O'Connell, G.R.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1002/elan.1140080313', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Effect of membrane composition on the flow injection response of an ion-selective electrode: a comparative study based an selectivity coefficients calculated using a data linearization technique', Electroanalysis, 1996 8(3) 274-279', 'firstchar' => 'E', 'twochars' => 'Ef', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 15 => array( 'id' => '009940', 'authors' => 'Di Benedetto, L.T.;Dimitrakopoulos, T.', 'authorsweb' => 'Lucy Tina Di Benedetto, Telis Dimitrakopoulos*', 'title' => 'Evaluation of a new wall-jet flow-through cell for commercial ion-selective electrodes in flow injection potentiometry', 'journal' => 'Electroanalysis', 'journal_id' => '1003', 'fadid' => 'ELAN1997V0009P00179', 'year' => '1997', 'volume' => '9', 'issue' => '2', 'startpage' => '179', 'endpage' => '182', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0205;0487;1275;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0400;0285;0303;', 'keywords' => ';0167;0043;', 'abstract' => 'The cited poly(methyl methacrylate) cell (28 x 25 x 35 mm) which can accommodate commercial gas-sensing, liquid polymer membrane and solid-state-based ISE is described (diagram given). The cell contains a 1 mm i.d. Ag/AgCl wire reference electrode and the dead volume of the ISE compartment is 18 µL. Two separate inlets and flow channels are used to carry the sample and reference solutions to the ISE and reference electrode, respectively, after which the streams are merged and carried to waste. The analysis rate was up to 240 samples/h and injection volumes >=50 µL are recommended. An Orion 95-12 ammonia ISE was used in the cell with a sample injection volume of 100 µL and 1 M KOH/1 µM-NH4Cl and 1 M KCl as carrier and reference solutions, respectively, e.g., at total flow rate of 1.8 ml/min. Calibration graphs of potential vs. log. NH3 concentration were linear for 0.1-10 mM NH3 and peak height RSD were 0.4-3.5%. The flow cell was also used to determine Ca and iodide using appropriate ISE.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '9', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 14:11:38', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00943', 'pauthor' => '!Dimitrakopoulos, T.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1002/elan.1140090219', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Evaluation of a new wall-jet flow-through cell for commercial ion-selective electrodes in flow injection potentiometry', Electroanalysis, 1997 9(2) 179-182', 'firstchar' => 'E', 'twochars' => 'Ev', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 16 => array( 'id' => '011126', 'authors' => 'Ilcheva, L.K.;Cammann, K.;Georgieva, T.', 'authorsweb' => 'NA', 'title' => 'Iodide selective electrode in flow injection system', 'journal' => 'Analusis', 'journal_id' => '0562', 'fadid' => 'ANLU1988V0016P00101', 'year' => '1988', 'volume' => '16', 'issue' => '9-10', 'startpage' => '101', 'endpage' => '104', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1275;', 'matrices' => ';0671;', 'techniques' => ';0303;', 'keywords' => ';0128;0217;', 'abstract' => 'Baseline drift that occurred during use of the I--selective electrode [Seibold 57-17 (Radelkis)] in presence of a high Cl- concentration. could be avoided by use of a flow injection system with the addition of ascorbic acid to the carrier stream. Thus, 50 ppm of I- in high-purity NaCl could be determined by flow injection analysis in a carrier stream (1.7 mL min-1) of 0.1 M NaNO3 containing 0.1 mg L-1 of ascorbic acid with use of the cited electrode. No interference from Cl- memory effects could be detected.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:11:09', 'sjccheck' => 'No', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '0', 'urlcheck' => '2006-05-20 18:43:48', 'urlcheckcode' => '', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'NA', 'address' => 'Higher Chem. Technol. Inst., Dept. Anal. Chem., 1156 Sofia Bulgaria', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => 'NA SJC 102114', 'url' => 'NA', 'urltype' => 'NA', 'gotpdf' => 'no', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Iodide selective electrode in flow injection system', Analusis, 1988 16(9-10) 101-104', 'firstchar' => 'I', 'twochars' => 'Io', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 17 => array( 'id' => '011372', 'authors' => 'Volesky, B.;Emond, C.', 'authorsweb' => 'B. Volesky, C. Emond', 'title' => 'Continuous-flow monitoring of lactose concentration', 'journal' => 'Biotechnol. Bioeng.', 'journal_id' => '0782', 'fadid' => 'BTBE1979V0021P01251', 'year' => '1979', 'volume' => '21', 'issue' => '7', 'startpage' => '1251', 'endpage' => '1276', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1349;', 'matrices' => 'NA', 'techniques' => ';0303;', 'keywords' => ';0258;0217;', 'abstract' => 'A specific continuous-flow analytical system for determination of lactose concentration in a liquid mixture of constituent sugars was developed and tested based on a series of enzymatic reactions. Lactose and glucose oxidase immobilized on a phenol-formaldehyde resin were employed. More detailed study was carried out based on a reaction by-product quantitatively detected by an available iodide electrode. A multichannel proportioning pump fed two independently operated analytical streams eliminating thus the background glucose interference. With a goal of lactose concentration control in a fermentation process, the system response time delay was shortened to approximately 15 min. Apart from optimization of the analytical system operating parameters, the study indicates also the major application problem areas: lactase inhibition by galactose, galactose oxidation by glucose oxidase, and a partial loss of glucose oxidase activity in a prolonged continuous-flow operation. A manual Colorimetric Procedure was employed to verify the results of the potentiometric method.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '2006-08-24 01:57:33', 'hits' => '7', 'urlcheck' => '2014-11-25 23:02:47', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found (Array)', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'NA', 'address' => 'Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada H3A 2A7', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1002/bit.260210713', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'no', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Continuous-flow monitoring of lactose concentration', Biotechnol. Bioeng., 1979 21(7) 1251-1276', 'firstchar' => 'C', 'twochars' => 'Co', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 18 => array( 'id' => '012627', 'authors' => 'Seifert, K.;Dominok, B.;Dominok, G.W.', 'authorsweb' => 'K Seifert, B Dominok, GW Dominok', 'title' => 'Improved methods for determination of fluoride in biological materials', 'journal' => 'Fluoride', 'journal_id' => '1177', 'fadid' => 'FLUR1986V0019P00022', 'year' => '1986', 'volume' => '19', 'issue' => '1', 'startpage' => '22', 'endpage' => '25', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0982;', 'matrices' => ';0262;0160;', 'techniques' => ';0298;0303;0416;', 'keywords' => ';0454;0468;', 'abstract' => 'Fluoride is separated from cartilage or aortic tissues without ashing by an adaptation of the method of Yoshida et al. (Anal. Abstr., 1979, 37, 6B109). The reaction takes place in a closed apparatus comprising a 100 mL flask in series with two gas bubblers, each containing 25 mL of 0.1 M NaOH. The sample, 50 mL of water and two drops of hexamethyldisiloxane are placed in the flask, and 40 mL of concentrated H2SO4 is added to the sample through a dropping funnel. The trimethylsilanol(I) produced reacts with the F- to form fluorotrimethylsilane(II), which is swept by N (50 mL min-1) to the bubblers. II is converted by the alkali back into I, which is extracted into toluene before measurement of the F- so liberated in 0.45 M HClO4 medium with an I--selective electrode. Urine is analyzed directly for F- in 0.5 M HClO4 medium containing 0.001% of Triton X-100 by using two F--selective electrodes in a flow injection system. The latter method was applied to urine of persons drinking fluoridated water or occupationally exposed to F. The former method was applied to tissues from adults and infants, and the results are reported.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '2006-08-06 10:50:14', 'hits' => '7', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-13 12:09:40', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 200 OK', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'Dominok, G.W.', 'address' => 'Institute of Hygiene and Pathology, Cottbus, GDR', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => null, 'url' => 'www.fluorideresearch.org/191/files/FJ1986_v19_n1_p001-050.pdf', 'urltype' => 'pdfurl', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Improved methods for determination of fluoride in biological materials', Fluoride, 1986 19(1) 22-25', 'firstchar' => 'I', 'twochars' => 'Im', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 19 => array( 'id' => '013023', 'authors' => 'Gur'ev, I.A.;Kuleshova, N.V.', 'authorsweb' => 'I. A. Gur'ev and N. V. Kuleshova', 'title' => 'Sorption preconcentration and flow injection determination of cadmium', 'journal' => 'J. Anal. Chem.', 'journal_id' => '0798', 'fadid' => 'JACU1998V0053P00796', 'year' => '1998', 'volume' => '53', 'issue' => '9', 'startpage' => '796', 'endpage' => '799', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0478;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0290;0303;0400;', 'keywords' => ';0212;0089;0398;', 'abstract' => 'A procedure for the flow injection determination of Cd traces in aqueous solutions was developed. The procedure is based on the use of ion-selective electrodes sensitive to chloride or iodide complexes of Cd. Sorption pre-concentration simultaneously transforms Cd to anal. active species, it decreases the limit of detection, and improves the selectivity of determination.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:11:09', 'sjccheck' => 'No', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '15', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-23 18:49:51', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Object moved', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'NA', 'address' => 'Chemistry Department, Nizhni-Novgorod State University, prosp. Gagarina 23, 603600, Nizhni Novgorod, Russia', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => 'Not available on springer', 'url' => 'elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=13280948', 'urltype' => 'absurl', 'gotpdf' => 'no', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Sorption preconcentration and flow injection determination of cadmium', J. Anal. Chem., 1998 53(9) 796-799', 'firstchar' => 'S', 'twochars' => 'So', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 20 => array( 'id' => '014690', 'authors' => 'Muller, H.;Wallaschek, G.', 'authorsweb' => 'Helmut Müller, Günter Wallaschek', 'title' => 'Determination of water in organic solvents by using the Karl Fischer method with flow injection analysis', 'journal' => 'Z. Chem.', 'journal_id' => '0557', 'fadid' => 'ZSCH1984V0024P00075', 'year' => '1984', 'volume' => '24', 'issue' => '2', 'startpage' => '75', 'endpage' => '76', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';2508;', 'matrices' => ';0806;0630;', 'techniques' => ';0303;0337;0400;', 'keywords' => '', 'abstract' => 'Liquid paraffin is pumped into the reservoir to force the Karl Fischer reagent in two parallel streams into phase-separation vessels; in this way the reagent does not make contact with the pump tubing. The lower (reagent) phase from the separation vessels flows to the detection system; one stream passes the sample-introduction system and traverses a delay coil. A µflow-through I--selective electrode (Ag2S type) is used for potentiometric measurement, and the differential response is recorded. Calibration standards are included in each series of analyzes to compensate for changes in electrode response as its surface acquires an iodine-containing coating. From 0.01 to 5% (w/w) of water can be determined with a coefficient of variation of 3%, and 50 to 60 samples (e.g., 30 µL) can be analyzed in 1 h; only 0.9 mL of reagent is needed per determination.', 'language' => 'German', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'No', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '0', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 22:07:35', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'NA', 'address' => 'Technische Hochschule 'Carl Schorlemmer', Leuna-Merseburg, Sektion Chemie, 4200 Merseburg, Otto-Nuschke-Str, E.-Germany', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1002/zfch.19840240221', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Determination of water in organic solvents by using the Karl Fischer method with flow injection analysis', Z. Chem., 1984 24(2) 75-76', 'firstchar' => 'D', 'twochars' => 'De', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Keyword' => array([maximum depth reached]) ) ) ) $c = array( 'id' => '008892', 'authors' => 'Van Staden, J.F.', 'authorsweb' => 'Jacobus F. van Staden', 'title' => 'Incorporation of a coated tubular solid-state iodide selective electrode into the conduits of a flow injection system', 'journal' => 'Fresenius J. Anal. Chem.', 'journal_id' => '0944', 'fadid' => 'FJAC1986V0325P00247', 'year' => '1986', 'volume' => '325', 'issue' => '3', 'startpage' => '247', 'endpage' => '251', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1275;', 'matrices' => ';0473;', 'techniques' => ';0303;0400;', 'keywords' => ';0043;0090;0302;0354;0223;0054;', 'abstract' => 'A tubular flow-through electrode (5 mm long, 2 mm i.d.) prepared by depositing AgI on silver foil and connected to an Orion Research microprocessor Ionalyzer with an Orion double-junction reference electrode was incorporated in a flow injection system (diagram given) capable of 90 samples h-1. Samples and ionic-strength-adjustment buffer were fed by a peristaltic pump with a pulse suppression system. Optimum sensitivity and response were obtained with 0.1 M KNO3 - 0.02 M acetic acid buffer. Response of carefully conditioned electrodes was rectilinear from 5 to 5000 mg L-1 of I-; they were stable and needed little maintenance. Analyses of iodized table salt agreed reasonably with quoted I- concentration, with a coefficient of variation of <1.8% (n = 15). The practical range was 5 to 2000 mg l-1.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '15', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 00:20:33', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00328', 'pauthor' => '!Van Staden, J.F.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1007/BF00498166', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Incorporation of a coated tubular solid-state iodide selective electrode into the conduits of a flow injection system', Fresenius J. Anal. Chem., 1986 325(3) 247-251', 'firstchar' => 'I', 'twochars' => 'In', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( 'id' => '006871', 'citation_id' => '008892', 'technique_id' => '0303' ), 'Analyte' => array( (int) 0 => array( 'id' => '01275', 'name' => 'Iodide', 'iupac_name' => 'iodide', 'casrn' => '20461-54-5', 'synonyms' => 'iodide ion', 'total' => '85', 'inchi' => 'InChI=1S/HI/h1H/p-1', 'inchikey' => 'XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-M', 'formula' => 'I-', 'oxstate' => '-1', 'url' => '', 'charge' => '-1', 'class1' => 'Element', 'class2' => 'Non-metal', 'class3' => 'Halogen', 'class4' => 'Anion', 'class5' => '', 'isgroup' => '', 'checked' => 'yes', 'citation_count' => '0', 'updated' => '2015-10-23 21:29:44', 'first' => 'I', 'nametotal' => 'Iodide**85', 'AnalytesCitation' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ) ), 'Matrix' => array( (int) 0 => array( 'id' => '0473', 'label' => 'Iodized ', 'level1' => 'Food', 'level2' => 'table salt', 'level3' => 'iodized', 'level4' => '', 'level5' => '', 'synonyms' => '', 'total' => '3', 'url' => '', 'updated' => '2015-12-08 19:41:10', 'name' => 'Food, table salt, iodized', 'nametotal' => 'Food, table salt, iodized**3', 'first' => 'F', 'CitationsMatrix' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ) ), 'Keyword' => array( (int) 0 => array( 'id' => '0043', 'type' => 'Manifold component', 'keyword' => 'Apparatus', 'newKeyword' => '', 'synonyms' => '', 'fao' => '', 'total' => '466', 'first' => 'A', 'keytotal' => 'Apparatus**466', 'CitationsKeyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 1 => array( 'id' => '0090', 'type' => 'Hardware', 'keyword' => 'Computer', 'newKeyword' => '', 'synonyms' => '', 'fao' => '', 'total' => '307', 'first' => 'C', 'keytotal' => 'Computer**307', 'CitationsKeyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 2 => array( 'id' => '0302', 'type' => 'Feature', 'keyword' => 'Optimization', 'newKeyword' => '', 'synonyms' => '', 'fao' => '', 'total' => '1069', 'first' => 'O', 'keytotal' => 'Optimization**1069', 'CitationsKeyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 3 => array( 'id' => '0354', 'type' => 'Manifold component', 'keyword' => 'Pulse dampener', 'newKeyword' => '', 'synonyms' => '', 'fao' => '', 'total' => '9', 'first' => 'P', 'keytotal' => 'Pulse dampener**9', 'CitationsKeyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 4 => array( 'id' => '0223', 'type' => 'Parameter', 'keyword' => 'Ionic strength', 'newKeyword' => '', 'synonyms' => '', 'fao' => '', 'total' => '13', 'first' => 'I', 'keytotal' => 'Ionic strength**13', 'CitationsKeyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 5 => array( 'id' => '0054', 'type' => 'Reagent', 'keyword' => 'Buffer', 'newKeyword' => '', 'synonyms' => '', 'fao' => '', 'total' => '483', 'first' => 'B', 'keytotal' => 'Buffer**483', 'CitationsKeyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ) ) ) $i = (int) 8 $path = '' $a = '' $url = 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00498166' $aus = 'Jacobus F. van Staden'include - APP/View/Elements/citation.ctp, line 40 View::_evaluate() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 971 View::_render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 933 View::_renderElement() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 1224 View::element() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 418 include - APP/View/Techniques/view.ctp, line 52 View::_evaluate() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 971 View::_render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 933 View::render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 473 Controller::render() - CORE/Cake/Controller/Controller.php, line 968 Dispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/Cake/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 200 Dispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/Cake/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 167 [main] - APP/webroot/index.php, line 109
Abstract:
A tubular flow-through electrode (5 mm long, 2 mm i.d.) prepared by depositing AgI on silver foil and connected to an Orion Research microprocessor Ionalyzer with an Orion double-junction reference electrode was incorporated in a flow injection system (diagram given) capable of 90 samples h-1. Samples and ionic-strength-adjustment buffer were fed by a peristaltic pump with a pulse suppression system. Optimum sensitivity and response were obtained with 0.1 M KNO3 - 0.02 M acetic acid buffer. Response of carefully conditioned electrodes was rectilinear from 5 to 5000 mg L-1 of I-; they were stable and needed little maintenance. Analyses of iodized table salt agreed reasonably with quoted I- concentration, with a coefficient of variation of <1.8% (n = 15). The practical range was 5 to 2000 mg l-1.
Iodide
Iodized
Apparatus
Computer
Optimization
Pulse dampener
Ionic strength
Buffer
"Flow Injection Potentiometry For Low Level Measurements In The Presence Of Sensed Ion In The Carrier"
Fresenius J. Anal. Chem.
1987 Volume 328, Issue 8 Pages 653-656
Notice (8): Undefined variable: uid [APP/View/Elements/citation.ctp, line 40]Marek Trojanowicz and Wolfgang FrenzelCode Context?><?phpif($uid!='') {$viewFile = '/home/stuchalk/public_html/fad/app/View/Elements/citation.ctp' $dataForView = array( 'data' => array( 'Technique' => array( 'id' => '0303', 'label' => 'Electrode', 'level1' => 'Electrode', 'level2' => 'ion selective', 'level3' => 'iodide', 'level4' => '', 'level5' => '', 'synonyms' => 'Ion selective electrode,ISE', 'champ' => '', 'total' => '21', 'updated' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'name' => 'Electrode, ion selective, iodide', 'nametotal' => 'Electrode, ion selective, iodide**21', 'first' => 'E' ), 'Citation' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 1 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 2 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 3 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 4 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 5 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 6 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 7 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 8 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 9 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 10 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 11 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 12 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 13 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 14 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 15 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 16 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 17 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 18 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 19 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 20 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ) ), 'c' => array( 'id' => '008904', 'authors' => 'Trojanowicz, M.A.;Frenzel, W.', 'authorsweb' => 'Marek Trojanowicz and Wolfgang Frenzel', 'title' => 'Flow injection potentiometry for low level measurements in the presence of sensed ion in the carrier', 'journal' => 'Fresenius J. Anal. Chem.', 'journal_id' => '0944', 'fadid' => 'FJAC1987V0328P00653', 'year' => '1987', 'volume' => '328', 'issue' => '8', 'startpage' => '653', 'endpage' => '656', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0982;1275;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0298;0303;0400;', 'keywords' => ';0464;', 'abstract' => 'A theoretical treatment based on the Nikolski equation is presented for the response of ion-sensitive electrodes in flow injection analysis, and the predictions are compared with experimental results obtained with a F--selective electrode and 0.2 M NaCl - 0.2 M acetate buffer (pH 5.2) containing F- (100 µg l-1) as carrier and with an I--selective electrode and a carrier of 0.2 M KNO3 containing ascorbic acid (1 g l-1) and I- (100 µg l-1). Measurements were made in a single-line manifold with a variable length of tubing (0.8 mm i.d.) and an injected volume of 100 µL. Significant deviations due to slow response were observed, but it is possible to linearize the calibration graph for low-dispersion systems and the electrodes can be used, with limited sensitivity, in the µg L-1 concentration. range.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '21', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 00:20:53', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00320', 'pauthor' => '!Trojanowicz, M.A.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1007/BF00488664', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Flow injection potentiometry for low level measurements in the presence of sensed ion in the carrier', Fresenius J. Anal. Chem., 1987 328(8) 653-656', 'firstchar' => 'F', 'twochars' => 'Fl', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( 'id' => '006890', 'citation_id' => '008904', 'technique_id' => '0303' ), 'Analyte' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 1 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), 'Matrix' => array(), 'Keyword' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ) ), 'i' => (int) 9 ) $data = array( 'Technique' => array( 'id' => '0303', 'label' => 'Electrode', 'level1' => 'Electrode', 'level2' => 'ion selective', 'level3' => 'iodide', 'level4' => '', 'level5' => '', 'synonyms' => 'Ion selective electrode,ISE', 'champ' => '', 'total' => '21', 'updated' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'name' => 'Electrode, ion selective, iodide', 'nametotal' => 'Electrode, ion selective, iodide**21', 'first' => 'E' ), 'Citation' => array( (int) 0 => array( 'id' => '003989', 'authors' => 'Trojanowicz, M.A.;Matuszewski, W.;Hulanicki, A.', 'authorsweb' => 'Marek Trojanowicz, Wojciech Matuszewski and Adam Hulanicki', 'title' => 'Flow injection potentiometric determination of residual chlorine in water', 'journal' => 'Anal. Chim. Acta', 'journal_id' => '0584', 'fadid' => 'ANCA1982V0136P00085', 'year' => '1982', 'volume' => '136', 'issue' => '1', 'startpage' => '85', 'endpage' => '92 ', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0597;', 'matrices' => ';0372;', 'techniques' => ';0192;0303;0400;', 'keywords' => '', 'abstract' => 'Residual chlorine is measured in water by using a potentiometric system composed of an iodide-selective electrode and a platinum electrode sensing the iodine-iodide ratio. When the sample is added to acidified iodide solution, the cell response is in a logarithmic relation to the iodine concentration which in turn depends on the concentration of residual chlorine. In the flow injection system evolved, 0.1-5.0 mg L-1 residual chlorine can be determined at a rate of 40-60 samples per hour. The results of potentiometric determinations of residual chlorine in tap water compared to spectrophotometric results suggest that the presence of various organic substances is responsible for discrepancies between these measurements.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '9', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 15:43:35', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00320', 'pauthor' => '!Trojanowicz, M.A.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1016/S0003-2670(01)95366-8', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Flow injection potentiometric determination of residual chlorine in water', Anal. Chim. Acta, 1982 136(1) 85-92 ', 'firstchar' => 'F', 'twochars' => 'Fl', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Keyword' => array([maximum depth reached]) ), (int) 1 => array( 'id' => '005156', 'authors' => 'Figuerola, E.;Florido, A.;Aguilar, M.;De Pablo, J.;Alegret, S.', 'authorsweb' => 'E. Figuerola, A. Florido, M. Aguilar and J. De Pablo, S. Alegret', 'title' => 'Sequential flow injection determination of cyanide and weak metal cyanide complexes with flow-through heterogeneous membrane electrodes', 'journal' => 'Anal. Chim. Acta', 'journal_id' => '0584', 'fadid' => 'ANCA1988V0215P00283', 'year' => '1988', 'volume' => '215', 'issue' => '1-2', 'startpage' => '283', 'endpage' => '288', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0716;0717;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0127;0303;0400;', 'keywords' => ';0173;0217;0302;0212;0258;', 'abstract' => 'Two I--selective heterogeneous epoxy-based membrane flow-through electrodes were placed before and after a gas diffusion unit in a flow injection system for determination of free and total CN-. The CN--containing sample was injected into a KNO3 carrier solution and free CN- was determined by the first flow-through electrode. The solution was then treated with the HCl stream in the reaction coil. The HCN evolved passed through the gas-permeable membrane in the diffusion unit and was collected in an alkaline solution, where the CN- was measured by the second flow-through electrode. Under optimum conditions, the response was rectilinear from 10 µM to 1 mM CN- and the coefficient of variation were ~2% with a sampling rate of 20 h-1. Total CN- could be determined in the presence of Zn, Cu(II) and Cd but results were low in the presence of Ni, Co(II) and Fe(III). Sulfide and SCN- were not tolerated. The reproducibility was worse than that of spectrophotometric detection but the method could be used over a wider concentration. range and was more suitable for an online control monitoring system.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '2', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 15:55:59', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'NA', 'address' => '?', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1016/S0003-2670(00)85287-3', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Sequential flow injection determination of cyanide and weak metal cyanide complexes with flow-through heterogeneous membrane electrodes', Anal. Chim. Acta, 1988 215(1-2) 283-288', 'firstchar' => 'S', 'twochars' => 'Se', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 2 => array( 'id' => '005694', 'authors' => 'Van Staden, J.F.', 'authorsweb' => 'Jacobus F. van Staden', 'title' => 'Response time phenomena of coated open-tubular solid-state silver halide-selective electrodes and their influence on sample dispersion in flow injection analysis', 'journal' => 'Anal. Chim. Acta', 'journal_id' => '0584', 'fadid' => 'ANCA1992V0261P00381', 'year' => '1992', 'volume' => '261', 'issue' => '1-2', 'startpage' => '381', 'endpage' => '390', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0451;0594;1275;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0283;0290;0303;', 'keywords' => ';0302;0410;0119;', 'abstract' => 'A comparative study has been made of the response times of coated open-tubular Ag membrane electrodes selective towards Cl-, Br- or I- (cf. Ibid., 1986, 179, 407) as they affect the throughput of flow injection analysis systems. The tubular indicator electrodes were used in conjunction with an Orion 90-02 double-junction reference electrode with 10% KNO3 solution in its outer chamber. The digitized signals were smoothed by applying the DS (data sets) Cat and Smooth operations of the ASYST software; typical background-corrected graphs for the flow injection measurement of halides (10 to 5000 mg l-1) are reproduced. Examination of the leading edges of the various peaks showed that their rate of response was independent of concentration. and did not significantly decrease the sampling rate, although the response of the Br- electrode at the initial peak-formation stages near the baseline was slightly slower than that of the others. The rate of response of the trailing edges was mainly responsible for the sampling rate in an optimized flow injection system, and the I- electrode showed a memory effect, which was largely responsible for the low sampling rate of this system compared with similar systems with the other two electrodes. The contribution of the memory effect or response time phenomena of coated open-tubular solid state chloride-, bromide-, and iodide-selective electrodes on the anal. output in flow injection systems are presented for concentration. ranges between 10 and 5000 mg L-1. The rate of response for the leading edges of all three electrodes due to electrode properties are independent of concentration. and do not contribute significantly to any decrease in sampling rate, although the rate of response of the bromide-selective electrode flow injection analysis (FIA) system seems to be slightly slower than the other two electrode systems at the initial peak-formation stages near the base line. The rate of response for the tailing edges of the different electrodes due to electrode properties is mainly responsible for the sampling rate obtained in an optimized FIA-ISE system. The memory effect of the iodide-selective electrode is mainly responsible for the fact that the sampling rate of this system is very much lower than the sampling rate obtained for similar systems with the other two electrodes. For the bromide-selective electrode system, the slower rate of response due to electrode properties at the tailing edges (especially with high concentrations of bromide) than that of the chloride-selective electrode, contributes mainly to a lower sampling output for the bromide-selective electrode-FIA system when compared with the chloride electrode system.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '6', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 16:06:13', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00328', 'pauthor' => '!Van Staden, J.F.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1016/0003-2670(92)80217-U', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Response time phenomena of coated open-tubular solid-state silver halide-selective electrodes and their influence on sample dispersion in flow injection analysis', Anal. Chim. Acta, 1992 261(1-2) 381-390', 'firstchar' => 'R', 'twochars' => 'Re', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 3 => array( 'id' => '006910', 'authors' => 'Alegret, S.;Florido, A.;Lima, J.L.F.C.;Machado, A.A.S.C.', 'authorsweb' => 'S. Alegret*, A. Florido, J. L. F. C. Lima and A. A. S. C. Machado ', 'title' => 'Flow-through tubular iodide- and bromide-selective electrodes based on epoxy-resin heterogeneous membranes', 'journal' => 'Talanta', 'journal_id' => '0569', 'fadid' => 'TALT1989V0036P00825', 'year' => '1989', 'volume' => '36', 'issue' => '8', 'startpage' => '825', 'endpage' => '829', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1275;0451;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0283;0303;', 'keywords' => ';0217;0253;0385;0213;', 'abstract' => 'The electrodes were made from 4-mm lengths of Perspex tubing (1 cm o.d., 8 mm i.d.), which were filled with Ag-containing conductive epoxy-resin to which a shielded cable was then attached. A hole (1.75 mm diameter) was drilled through the centre, which was then packed with powdered AgX - Ag2S mixture (X = I or Br) dispersed in non-conductive epoxy-resin. A central channel (0.75 mm diameter) was then drilled leaving a membrane of 0.5-mm thickness. The response characteristics were evaluated in a low-dispersion flow injection system, and both showed a Nernstian response between 50 µM and 0.1 M with good reproducibility and a rapid response that permitted a sampling rate of 60 h-1. Operational pH ranges for I- and Br- were 2.5 to 11 and 3 to 10, respectively. Interference by several ions is reported; I- must be absent in determinations with the Br- electrode.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '11', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 14:55:17', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00788', 'pauthor' => '!Alegret, S.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1016/0039-9140(89)80162-6', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Flow-through tubular iodide- and bromide-selective electrodes based on epoxy-resin heterogeneous membranes', Talanta, 1989 36(8) 825-829', 'firstchar' => 'F', 'twochars' => 'Fl', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 4 => array( 'id' => '006998', 'authors' => 'Najib, F.M.;Othman, S.', 'authorsweb' => 'Fadhil M. Najib* and Shireen Othman, ', 'title' => 'Simultaneous determination of chloride, bromide, iodide and fluoride with flow injection - ion-selective electrode systems', 'journal' => 'Talanta', 'journal_id' => '0569', 'fadid' => 'TALT1992V0039P01259', 'year' => '1992', 'volume' => '39', 'issue' => '10', 'startpage' => '1259', 'endpage' => '1267', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0594;0451;1275;0982;', 'matrices' => ';0372;', 'techniques' => ';0283;0290;0298;0303;', 'keywords' => ';0258;0320;0217;', 'abstract' => 'Electrodes for Cl-, Br- and I- were constructed (preparation described) from Ag2 - AgCl or AgBr (1:1) and Ag2S - AgI (1:3); for F- a commercial electrode was used. By combining the electrodes and suppressor columns of AgCl and amalgamated Pb, the ions were simultaneously determined in a carrier stream (0.5 mL min-1) of e.g. 0.1 M HClO4 at pH 4.0. The calibration graphs were rectilinear down to 100, 5, 1 and 5 µM for Cl-, Br-, I- and F-, respectively. The reproducibility was 1% for the determination of the halides in eight water samples, the results agreed well with those obtained by three reference methods. Flow-through ion-selective electrodes were constructed from compressed pellets (8-10 mm thick, 13 mm diameter, 10 tons/cm2 pressure) of Ag2S/AgX (X = Cl-, Br- or I-) drilled longitudinally (1.5 mm diameter hole) to be suitable for use in flow injection analysis. A column of AgCl (5.5 cm long, 2-3 mm internal diameter) was included in the Cl- electrode manifold to remove interferences from 10^-4 M Br- and 3 x 10^-5 M I- and S2-. A column of amalgamated lead (2-3 cm long, 2-3 mm internal diameter) was used in the Br--electrode manifold to remove interference from 2 x 10^-5 M I-, 3 x 10^-5 M S2- and 7 x 10^-4 M Cl-. These columns and the addition of ascorbic acid were not required when I- was determined with the iodide electrode. The carrier stream was 0.1 M sodium perchlorate (pH 4) at a flow-rate of 0.5 mL/min. The sample pH could be 4-7. Simultaneous determination of Cl- and I-, Cl-, I- and Br-, and Cl-, I-, Br- and F- ions was possible with combinations of the corresponding electrodes and columns in series and/or parallel in specially designed manifolds. Calibration plots were linear, with almost theoretical slopes, down to 10^-6 M I-, 5 x 10^-6 M Br-, 10^-4 M Cl- and 5 x 10^-6 M F-, with precision better than 1%. Sampling rates for single-ion determinations were 72, 102, 90 and 80 per h for the one-, two-, three- and four-electrode systems respectively. Determinations of these ions in water samples by the recommended procedure and by established batch methods showed no significant difference at the 95% confidence limits in a paired comparison t-test.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '28', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 14:59:47', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'Najib, F.M.', 'address' => 'Department of Chemistry, University of Salahaddin, Arbil, Iraq', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1016/0039-9140(92)80234-5', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Simultaneous determination of chloride, bromide, iodide and fluoride with flow injection - ion-selective electrode systems', Talanta, 1992 39(10) 1259-1267', 'firstchar' => 'S', 'twochars' => 'Si', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 5 => array( 'id' => '007457', 'authors' => 'Christopoulos, T.K.;Diamandis, E.P.', 'authorsweb' => 'Theodore K. Christopoulos and Eleftherios P. Diamandis', 'title' => 'Flow-through units for solid-state, liquid and PVC matrix membrane ion-selective electrodes to minimize streaming potentials', 'journal' => 'Analyst', 'journal_id' => '0864', 'fadid' => 'ANAL1987V0112P01293', 'year' => '1987', 'volume' => '112', 'issue' => '9', 'startpage' => '1293', 'endpage' => '1298', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1275;1757;1978;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0303;0315;0156;', 'keywords' => ';0258;0397;', 'abstract' => 'Three flow-through units were constructed (diagrams given) and evaluated for electrode membranes sensitive to iodide (solid), perchlorate (liquid) and propantheline (PVC matrix), respectively. Streaming potential oscillations were reduced to 0.2 mV by siting the sensing membrane as near as possible to the external reference electrolyte - sample solution contact zone. Air-segmented streams were used to study the effect of flow rates of 1.74, 3.64 and 6.7 mL min-1. Sampling rates of up to 60, 120 and 240 h-1, respectively, were achieved.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '0', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 00:02:43', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => '!Diamondis, E.P.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1039/an9871201293', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Flow-through units for solid-state, liquid and PVC matrix membrane ion-selective electrodes to minimize streaming potentials', Analyst, 1987 112(9) 1293-1298', 'firstchar' => 'F', 'twochars' => 'Fl', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 6 => array( 'id' => '007658', 'authors' => 'Davey, D.E.;Mulcahy, D.E.;O'Connell, G.R.', 'authorsweb' => 'David E. Davey, Dennis E. Mulcahy and Gregory R. O'Connell', 'title' => 'Effect of flow injection parameters on the selectivity of an iodide-selective electrode', 'journal' => 'Analyst', 'journal_id' => '0864', 'fadid' => 'ANAL1992V0117P00761', 'year' => '1992', 'volume' => '117', 'issue' => '4', 'startpage' => '761', 'endpage' => '765', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1275;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0303;', 'keywords' => ';0398;0217;0302;', 'abstract' => 'The effects of sample loop volume, flow rate, carrier I- concentration, interferents, solution pH and temperature were studied, with selectivity coefficient being measured for Br-, SCN- and thiosulfate. Samples of 100 µL should be mixed with a 1 µM-KI carrier and a 0.1 M KNO3 reagent stream flowing at a combined rate of 6 to 7 mL min-1 in either neutral or acid solution at 20°C. A study has been carried out on the influence of several experimental parameters on the selectivity of a homogeneous membrane iodide-selective electrode operating under flow injection conditions. Selectivity coefficients were measured for bromide, thiocyanate and thiosulfate by use of a mixed-solution technique, with the effects of sample loop volume, flow rate, carrier iodide concentration, interferent activity, solution pH and temperature being investigated in turn. When the flow system was optimized, it proved possible to double the selectivity of the electrode towards iodide. Facets of the observed behavior were found to correlate well with existing theories on the time-dependent response of solid-state ion-selective electrodes. Peak profiles were also examined, with particular attention being given to the potential excursions or 'overshoots' recorded when mixed solutions of low iodide activity were injected into the flow stream.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '2', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 08:32:42', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'NA', 'address' => 'Sch. Chem. Technol., Univ. South Australia, The Levels, 5095, Australia', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1039/an9921700761', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Effect of flow injection parameters on the selectivity of an iodide-selective electrode', Analyst, 1992 117(4) 761-765', 'firstchar' => 'E', 'twochars' => 'Ef', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 7 => array( 'id' => '008266', 'authors' => 'Alexander, P.W.;Seegopaul, P.', 'authorsweb' => 'Peter W. Alexander and Purneshwar Seegopaul', 'title' => 'Rapid-flow continuous analysis with ion-selective electrodes', 'journal' => 'Anal. Chem.', 'journal_id' => '0499', 'fadid' => 'ANCH1980V0052P02403', 'year' => '1980', 'volume' => '52', 'issue' => '14', 'startpage' => '2403', 'endpage' => '2406', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1275;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0303;', 'keywords' => '', 'abstract' => 'A study of rapid sampling in a continuous-flow system is reported with an iodide solid-state electrode as a continuous sensor. The system is operated by consecutive manual aspiration of sample and wash solutions into a flow manifold with air segmentation to reduce carry-over. The design features and flow rates used in the operation of the system are described, and it is found that sampling rates up to 360/h are permissible with flow rates as low as 9.2 mL min-1. The concept of combining rapid flow with air segmentation is shown to give an Improved method for achieving rapid sampling with electrode detection in a continuous-flow system with advantages over the more complex bubble-gating and flow-injection techniques currently in use.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2014-11-12 21:24:23', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '8', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 18:32:10', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00008', 'pauthor' => '!Alexander, P.W.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => 'Not DOI assigned. Use issue url', 'url' => '10.1021/ac50064a038', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Rapid-flow continuous analysis with ion-selective electrodes', Anal. Chem., 1980 52(14) 2403-2406', 'firstchar' => 'R', 'twochars' => 'Ra', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array([maximum depth reached]) ), (int) 8 => array( 'id' => '008892', 'authors' => 'Van Staden, J.F.', 'authorsweb' => 'Jacobus F. van Staden', 'title' => 'Incorporation of a coated tubular solid-state iodide selective electrode into the conduits of a flow injection system', 'journal' => 'Fresenius J. Anal. Chem.', 'journal_id' => '0944', 'fadid' => 'FJAC1986V0325P00247', 'year' => '1986', 'volume' => '325', 'issue' => '3', 'startpage' => '247', 'endpage' => '251', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1275;', 'matrices' => ';0473;', 'techniques' => ';0303;0400;', 'keywords' => ';0043;0090;0302;0354;0223;0054;', 'abstract' => 'A tubular flow-through electrode (5 mm long, 2 mm i.d.) prepared by depositing AgI on silver foil and connected to an Orion Research microprocessor Ionalyzer with an Orion double-junction reference electrode was incorporated in a flow injection system (diagram given) capable of 90 samples h-1. Samples and ionic-strength-adjustment buffer were fed by a peristaltic pump with a pulse suppression system. Optimum sensitivity and response were obtained with 0.1 M KNO3 - 0.02 M acetic acid buffer. Response of carefully conditioned electrodes was rectilinear from 5 to 5000 mg L-1 of I-; they were stable and needed little maintenance. Analyses of iodized table salt agreed reasonably with quoted I- concentration, with a coefficient of variation of <1.8% (n = 15). The practical range was 5 to 2000 mg l-1.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '15', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 00:20:33', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00328', 'pauthor' => '!Van Staden, J.F.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1007/BF00498166', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Incorporation of a coated tubular solid-state iodide selective electrode into the conduits of a flow injection system', Fresenius J. Anal. Chem., 1986 325(3) 247-251', 'firstchar' => 'I', 'twochars' => 'In', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 9 => array( 'id' => '008904', 'authors' => 'Trojanowicz, M.A.;Frenzel, W.', 'authorsweb' => 'Marek Trojanowicz and Wolfgang Frenzel', 'title' => 'Flow injection potentiometry for low level measurements in the presence of sensed ion in the carrier', 'journal' => 'Fresenius J. Anal. Chem.', 'journal_id' => '0944', 'fadid' => 'FJAC1987V0328P00653', 'year' => '1987', 'volume' => '328', 'issue' => '8', 'startpage' => '653', 'endpage' => '656', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0982;1275;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0298;0303;0400;', 'keywords' => ';0464;', 'abstract' => 'A theoretical treatment based on the Nikolski equation is presented for the response of ion-sensitive electrodes in flow injection analysis, and the predictions are compared with experimental results obtained with a F--selective electrode and 0.2 M NaCl - 0.2 M acetate buffer (pH 5.2) containing F- (100 µg l-1) as carrier and with an I--selective electrode and a carrier of 0.2 M KNO3 containing ascorbic acid (1 g l-1) and I- (100 µg l-1). Measurements were made in a single-line manifold with a variable length of tubing (0.8 mm i.d.) and an injected volume of 100 µL. Significant deviations due to slow response were observed, but it is possible to linearize the calibration graph for low-dispersion systems and the electrodes can be used, with limited sensitivity, in the µg L-1 concentration. range.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '21', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 00:20:53', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00320', 'pauthor' => '!Trojanowicz, M.A.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1007/BF00488664', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Flow injection potentiometry for low level measurements in the presence of sensed ion in the carrier', Fresenius J. Anal. Chem., 1987 328(8) 653-656', 'firstchar' => 'F', 'twochars' => 'Fl', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 10 => array( 'id' => '008907', 'authors' => 'Ilcheva, L.;Trojanowicz, M.A.;Krawczynski Vel Krawczyk, T.', 'authorsweb' => 'Liliana Ilcheva, Marek Trojanowicz and Tadeusz Krawczynski vel Krawczyk', 'title' => 'Effect of addition of main ion to carrier solution in potentiometric flow injection measurements with solid state ion-selective electrodes', 'journal' => 'Fresenius J. Anal. Chem.', 'journal_id' => '0944', 'fadid' => 'FJAC1987V0328P00027', 'year' => '1987', 'volume' => '328', 'issue' => '1-2', 'startpage' => '27', 'endpage' => '32', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0982;0594;1275;0684;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0238;0290;0295;0298;0303;0400;', 'keywords' => ';0401;0464;', 'abstract' => 'Flow injection measurements were made by using a flow-through cup (described and illustrated) and Cl--, F--, I-- and Cu(II)-selective electrodes. The addition of the main ion to the carrier solution to create a constant background level of main ion produces a significant improvement in response for the F-- and I--selective electrodes. However, a very slow return of the potential value to the baseline is observed for I- measurements; this is attributable to the slow desorption of I- from the electrode surface. The super-Nernstian slope observed for the F-- and Cu(II)-selective electrodes in the absence of F- or Cu(II) in the carrier solution decreased to Nernstian values in the presence of the ions in the carrier solution', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '27', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 00:20:46', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00320', 'pauthor' => '!Trojanowicz, M.A.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1007/BF00560942', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Effect of addition of main ion to carrier solution in potentiometric flow injection measurements with solid state ion-selective electrodes', Fresenius J. Anal. Chem., 1987 328(1-2) 27-32', 'firstchar' => 'E', 'twochars' => 'Ef', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 11 => array( 'id' => '009866', 'authors' => 'Davey, D.E.;Mulcahy, D.E.;O'Connell, G.R.', 'authorsweb' => 'David E. Davey, Dennis E. Mulcahy, Gregory R. O'Connell', 'title' => 'Comparison of detector cell configurations in flow injection potentiometry', 'journal' => 'Electroanalysis', 'journal_id' => '1003', 'fadid' => 'ELAN1993V0005P00581', 'year' => '1993', 'volume' => '5', 'issue' => '7', 'startpage' => '581', 'endpage' => '588', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1275;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0400;0303;', 'keywords' => ';0258;', 'abstract' => 'A solid-state iodide-selective electrode was used to compare the performances of flow-through, edge-jet and wall-jet detector cell configurations in FIA. Cell volume of 4-210 µL were studied with flow streams of 1.7 or 3.2 ml/min and injections of 0.1 M KI were made into a flow stream of 10 µM-KI or of 0.1 M KNO3. Similarly good results were obtained for each configuration in the cell volume range 4-63 µL at 1.7 ml/min or 4-120 µL at 3.2 ml/min, but best results were given generally under thin-layer flow conditions which occurred in the cell volume range 4-33 µL. The range of cell volume that could yield steady data decreased in the order edge-jet, wall-jet, flow-through configuration.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '7', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 14:09:26', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00106', 'pauthor' => '!Davey, D.E.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1002/elan.1140050709', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'no', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Comparison of detector cell configurations in flow injection potentiometry', Electroanalysis, 1993 5(7) 581-588', 'firstchar' => 'C', 'twochars' => 'Co', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 12 => array( 'id' => '009877', 'authors' => 'Daunert, S.;Florido, A.;Bricker, J.;Dunaway, W.;Bachas, L.G.;Valiente, M.', 'authorsweb' => 'Sylvia Daunert, Antonio Florido, Jordi Bricker, Wes Dunaway, Leonidas G. Bachas, Manuel Valiente', 'title' => 'Iodide-selective electrodes based on a mercury - tri-isobutylphosphine sulfide complex', 'journal' => 'Electroanalysis', 'journal_id' => '1003', 'fadid' => 'ELAN1993V0005P00839', 'year' => '1993', 'volume' => '5', 'issue' => '9-10', 'startpage' => '839', 'endpage' => '843', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';2324;1275;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0303;0400;', 'keywords' => '', 'abstract' => 'Tri-isobutylphosphine sulfide - Hg complex-based ISE were prepared (described) and were used in conjunction with an Orion 90-02-00 double-junction reference electrode. Batchwise potentiometric measurements were made in 0.1 M 2-morpholinoethanesulfonic acid (I)/NaOH buffers of pH 5.5, 6 or 6.5 or 0.1 M NaH2PO4/NaOH buffers of pH 6 or 6.5. Various Hg complex/PVC/plasticizer/DMF/THF mixtures were also used to prepare a membrane within a flow-through tubular electrode made from Epo-Tek 410 Ag-based conductive epoxy. This membrane electrode was used for detection in FIA. ISE containing 4% of ionophore showed near-Nernstian response to thiocyanate in all three I buffers and the detection limit was 2-4 µM, slightly better than in the phosphate buffers (detection limit of 5 µM-thiocyanate). Response times averaged 1 min for thiocyanate and 12 min for iodide. In FIA, the best signals were obtained with 100 µL sample injections and a carrier flow rate of 3.3 ml/min; with a membrane containing 4% of ionophore, the peak heights were reproducible to within ±1 mV for three injections at a given concentration.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '7', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 14:09:32', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00857', 'pauthor' => '!Bachas, L.G.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1002/elan.1140050919', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'no', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Iodide-selective electrodes based on a mercury - tri-isobutylphosphine sulfide complex', Electroanalysis, 1993 5(9-10) 839-843', 'firstchar' => 'I', 'twochars' => 'Io', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array([maximum depth reached]) ), (int) 13 => array( 'id' => '009899', 'authors' => 'Davey, D.E.;Mulcahy, D.E.;O'Connell, G.R.;Smart, R.S.', 'authorsweb' => 'David E. Davey, Dennis E. Mulcahy, Gregory R. O'Connell, Roger StC. Smart', 'title' => 'A flow injection/XPS investigation of the effect of redox equilibria on the selectivity of an iodide-selective electrode', 'journal' => 'Electroanalysis', 'journal_id' => '1003', 'fadid' => 'ELAN1995V0007P00461', 'year' => '1995', 'volume' => '7', 'issue' => '5', 'startpage' => '461', 'endpage' => '470', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1275;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0303;0400;', 'keywords' => ';0217;0377;0398;', 'abstract' => 'Bromide, thiocyanate and thiosulfate were studied as three moderately-interfering species. The flow injection (FI) manifold was as described earlier (Pure Appl. Chem, 1976, 48, 129). Potentiometric measurements were made with an Orion Research Model 710A digital pH/mV meter and the Orion 94-06A iodide ISE was used for most of the FI work. Neutral and acidified iodate and bromate oxidant streams increased the selectivity of the iodide electrode towards the interferents. Use of ascorbic acid or metabisulfite reducing streams resulted in a greater degree of selectivity towards iodide than was obtained with either of the neutral oxidant streams but a lower degree of selectivity than was obtained when a simple nitrate reagent stream was present. Thiosulfate damaged the surface of the electrode irreparably, with a concomitant excessive peak broadening in the FI experiment and very poor baseline recovery.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '8', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 14:10:24', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '01201', 'pauthor' => '!O'Connell, G.R.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1002/elan.1140070510', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'no', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''A flow injection/XPS investigation of the effect of redox equilibria on the selectivity of an iodide-selective electrode', Electroanalysis, 1995 7(5) 461-470', 'firstchar' => 'A', 'twochars' => 'A ', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 14 => array( 'id' => '009912', 'authors' => 'Davey, D.E.;Mulcahy, D.E.;O'Connell, G.R.', 'authorsweb' => 'David E. Davey, Dennis E. Mulcahy, Gregory R. O'Connell*', 'title' => 'Effect of membrane composition on the flow injection response of an ion-selective electrode: a comparative study based an selectivity coefficients calculated using a data linearization technique', 'journal' => 'Electroanalysis', 'journal_id' => '1003', 'fadid' => 'ELAN1996V0008P00274', 'year' => '1996', 'volume' => '8', 'issue' => '3', 'startpage' => '274', 'endpage' => '279', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1275;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0303;0284;0330;0400;', 'keywords' => ';0217;', 'abstract' => 'Portions of 100 µL of iodide solutions containing 100 mM bromide, thiocyanate and thiosulfate as interferents were injected into carrier and reagent streams (total flow 6.6 ml/min) of 1 µM-KI and 100 mM KNO3, and iodide detected using a variety of purpose made AgI/Ag2S (details given) and commercially available iodide, sulfide and cadmium ISE. Calibration graphs of the respective ISE responses are presented. Most sensors showed good analytical performance, excepting that prepared from a 3:1 AgI/Ag2S membrane.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '8', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 14:10:51', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '01201', 'pauthor' => '!O'Connell, G.R.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1002/elan.1140080313', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Effect of membrane composition on the flow injection response of an ion-selective electrode: a comparative study based an selectivity coefficients calculated using a data linearization technique', Electroanalysis, 1996 8(3) 274-279', 'firstchar' => 'E', 'twochars' => 'Ef', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 15 => array( 'id' => '009940', 'authors' => 'Di Benedetto, L.T.;Dimitrakopoulos, T.', 'authorsweb' => 'Lucy Tina Di Benedetto, Telis Dimitrakopoulos*', 'title' => 'Evaluation of a new wall-jet flow-through cell for commercial ion-selective electrodes in flow injection potentiometry', 'journal' => 'Electroanalysis', 'journal_id' => '1003', 'fadid' => 'ELAN1997V0009P00179', 'year' => '1997', 'volume' => '9', 'issue' => '2', 'startpage' => '179', 'endpage' => '182', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0205;0487;1275;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0400;0285;0303;', 'keywords' => ';0167;0043;', 'abstract' => 'The cited poly(methyl methacrylate) cell (28 x 25 x 35 mm) which can accommodate commercial gas-sensing, liquid polymer membrane and solid-state-based ISE is described (diagram given). The cell contains a 1 mm i.d. Ag/AgCl wire reference electrode and the dead volume of the ISE compartment is 18 µL. Two separate inlets and flow channels are used to carry the sample and reference solutions to the ISE and reference electrode, respectively, after which the streams are merged and carried to waste. The analysis rate was up to 240 samples/h and injection volumes >=50 µL are recommended. An Orion 95-12 ammonia ISE was used in the cell with a sample injection volume of 100 µL and 1 M KOH/1 µM-NH4Cl and 1 M KCl as carrier and reference solutions, respectively, e.g., at total flow rate of 1.8 ml/min. Calibration graphs of potential vs. log. NH3 concentration were linear for 0.1-10 mM NH3 and peak height RSD were 0.4-3.5%. The flow cell was also used to determine Ca and iodide using appropriate ISE.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '9', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 14:11:38', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00943', 'pauthor' => '!Dimitrakopoulos, T.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1002/elan.1140090219', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Evaluation of a new wall-jet flow-through cell for commercial ion-selective electrodes in flow injection potentiometry', Electroanalysis, 1997 9(2) 179-182', 'firstchar' => 'E', 'twochars' => 'Ev', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 16 => array( 'id' => '011126', 'authors' => 'Ilcheva, L.K.;Cammann, K.;Georgieva, T.', 'authorsweb' => 'NA', 'title' => 'Iodide selective electrode in flow injection system', 'journal' => 'Analusis', 'journal_id' => '0562', 'fadid' => 'ANLU1988V0016P00101', 'year' => '1988', 'volume' => '16', 'issue' => '9-10', 'startpage' => '101', 'endpage' => '104', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1275;', 'matrices' => ';0671;', 'techniques' => ';0303;', 'keywords' => ';0128;0217;', 'abstract' => 'Baseline drift that occurred during use of the I--selective electrode [Seibold 57-17 (Radelkis)] in presence of a high Cl- concentration. could be avoided by use of a flow injection system with the addition of ascorbic acid to the carrier stream. Thus, 50 ppm of I- in high-purity NaCl could be determined by flow injection analysis in a carrier stream (1.7 mL min-1) of 0.1 M NaNO3 containing 0.1 mg L-1 of ascorbic acid with use of the cited electrode. No interference from Cl- memory effects could be detected.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:11:09', 'sjccheck' => 'No', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '0', 'urlcheck' => '2006-05-20 18:43:48', 'urlcheckcode' => '', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'NA', 'address' => 'Higher Chem. Technol. Inst., Dept. Anal. Chem., 1156 Sofia Bulgaria', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => 'NA SJC 102114', 'url' => 'NA', 'urltype' => 'NA', 'gotpdf' => 'no', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Iodide selective electrode in flow injection system', Analusis, 1988 16(9-10) 101-104', 'firstchar' => 'I', 'twochars' => 'Io', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 17 => array( 'id' => '011372', 'authors' => 'Volesky, B.;Emond, C.', 'authorsweb' => 'B. Volesky, C. Emond', 'title' => 'Continuous-flow monitoring of lactose concentration', 'journal' => 'Biotechnol. Bioeng.', 'journal_id' => '0782', 'fadid' => 'BTBE1979V0021P01251', 'year' => '1979', 'volume' => '21', 'issue' => '7', 'startpage' => '1251', 'endpage' => '1276', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1349;', 'matrices' => 'NA', 'techniques' => ';0303;', 'keywords' => ';0258;0217;', 'abstract' => 'A specific continuous-flow analytical system for determination of lactose concentration in a liquid mixture of constituent sugars was developed and tested based on a series of enzymatic reactions. Lactose and glucose oxidase immobilized on a phenol-formaldehyde resin were employed. More detailed study was carried out based on a reaction by-product quantitatively detected by an available iodide electrode. A multichannel proportioning pump fed two independently operated analytical streams eliminating thus the background glucose interference. With a goal of lactose concentration control in a fermentation process, the system response time delay was shortened to approximately 15 min. Apart from optimization of the analytical system operating parameters, the study indicates also the major application problem areas: lactase inhibition by galactose, galactose oxidation by glucose oxidase, and a partial loss of glucose oxidase activity in a prolonged continuous-flow operation. A manual Colorimetric Procedure was employed to verify the results of the potentiometric method.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '2006-08-24 01:57:33', 'hits' => '7', 'urlcheck' => '2014-11-25 23:02:47', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found (Array)', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'NA', 'address' => 'Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada H3A 2A7', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1002/bit.260210713', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'no', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Continuous-flow monitoring of lactose concentration', Biotechnol. Bioeng., 1979 21(7) 1251-1276', 'firstchar' => 'C', 'twochars' => 'Co', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 18 => array( 'id' => '012627', 'authors' => 'Seifert, K.;Dominok, B.;Dominok, G.W.', 'authorsweb' => 'K Seifert, B Dominok, GW Dominok', 'title' => 'Improved methods for determination of fluoride in biological materials', 'journal' => 'Fluoride', 'journal_id' => '1177', 'fadid' => 'FLUR1986V0019P00022', 'year' => '1986', 'volume' => '19', 'issue' => '1', 'startpage' => '22', 'endpage' => '25', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0982;', 'matrices' => ';0262;0160;', 'techniques' => ';0298;0303;0416;', 'keywords' => ';0454;0468;', 'abstract' => 'Fluoride is separated from cartilage or aortic tissues without ashing by an adaptation of the method of Yoshida et al. (Anal. Abstr., 1979, 37, 6B109). The reaction takes place in a closed apparatus comprising a 100 mL flask in series with two gas bubblers, each containing 25 mL of 0.1 M NaOH. The sample, 50 mL of water and two drops of hexamethyldisiloxane are placed in the flask, and 40 mL of concentrated H2SO4 is added to the sample through a dropping funnel. The trimethylsilanol(I) produced reacts with the F- to form fluorotrimethylsilane(II), which is swept by N (50 mL min-1) to the bubblers. II is converted by the alkali back into I, which is extracted into toluene before measurement of the F- so liberated in 0.45 M HClO4 medium with an I--selective electrode. Urine is analyzed directly for F- in 0.5 M HClO4 medium containing 0.001% of Triton X-100 by using two F--selective electrodes in a flow injection system. The latter method was applied to urine of persons drinking fluoridated water or occupationally exposed to F. The former method was applied to tissues from adults and infants, and the results are reported.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '2006-08-06 10:50:14', 'hits' => '7', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-13 12:09:40', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 200 OK', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'Dominok, G.W.', 'address' => 'Institute of Hygiene and Pathology, Cottbus, GDR', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => null, 'url' => 'www.fluorideresearch.org/191/files/FJ1986_v19_n1_p001-050.pdf', 'urltype' => 'pdfurl', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Improved methods for determination of fluoride in biological materials', Fluoride, 1986 19(1) 22-25', 'firstchar' => 'I', 'twochars' => 'Im', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 19 => array( 'id' => '013023', 'authors' => 'Gur'ev, I.A.;Kuleshova, N.V.', 'authorsweb' => 'I. A. Gur'ev and N. V. Kuleshova', 'title' => 'Sorption preconcentration and flow injection determination of cadmium', 'journal' => 'J. Anal. Chem.', 'journal_id' => '0798', 'fadid' => 'JACU1998V0053P00796', 'year' => '1998', 'volume' => '53', 'issue' => '9', 'startpage' => '796', 'endpage' => '799', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0478;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0290;0303;0400;', 'keywords' => ';0212;0089;0398;', 'abstract' => 'A procedure for the flow injection determination of Cd traces in aqueous solutions was developed. The procedure is based on the use of ion-selective electrodes sensitive to chloride or iodide complexes of Cd. Sorption pre-concentration simultaneously transforms Cd to anal. active species, it decreases the limit of detection, and improves the selectivity of determination.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:11:09', 'sjccheck' => 'No', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '15', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-23 18:49:51', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Object moved', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'NA', 'address' => 'Chemistry Department, Nizhni-Novgorod State University, prosp. Gagarina 23, 603600, Nizhni Novgorod, Russia', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => 'Not available on springer', 'url' => 'elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=13280948', 'urltype' => 'absurl', 'gotpdf' => 'no', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Sorption preconcentration and flow injection determination of cadmium', J. Anal. Chem., 1998 53(9) 796-799', 'firstchar' => 'S', 'twochars' => 'So', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 20 => array( 'id' => '014690', 'authors' => 'Muller, H.;Wallaschek, G.', 'authorsweb' => 'Helmut Müller, Günter Wallaschek', 'title' => 'Determination of water in organic solvents by using the Karl Fischer method with flow injection analysis', 'journal' => 'Z. Chem.', 'journal_id' => '0557', 'fadid' => 'ZSCH1984V0024P00075', 'year' => '1984', 'volume' => '24', 'issue' => '2', 'startpage' => '75', 'endpage' => '76', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';2508;', 'matrices' => ';0806;0630;', 'techniques' => ';0303;0337;0400;', 'keywords' => '', 'abstract' => 'Liquid paraffin is pumped into the reservoir to force the Karl Fischer reagent in two parallel streams into phase-separation vessels; in this way the reagent does not make contact with the pump tubing. The lower (reagent) phase from the separation vessels flows to the detection system; one stream passes the sample-introduction system and traverses a delay coil. A µflow-through I--selective electrode (Ag2S type) is used for potentiometric measurement, and the differential response is recorded. Calibration standards are included in each series of analyzes to compensate for changes in electrode response as its surface acquires an iodine-containing coating. From 0.01 to 5% (w/w) of water can be determined with a coefficient of variation of 3%, and 50 to 60 samples (e.g., 30 µL) can be analyzed in 1 h; only 0.9 mL of reagent is needed per determination.', 'language' => 'German', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'No', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '0', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 22:07:35', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'NA', 'address' => 'Technische Hochschule 'Carl Schorlemmer', Leuna-Merseburg, Sektion Chemie, 4200 Merseburg, Otto-Nuschke-Str, E.-Germany', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1002/zfch.19840240221', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Determination of water in organic solvents by using the Karl Fischer method with flow injection analysis', Z. Chem., 1984 24(2) 75-76', 'firstchar' => 'D', 'twochars' => 'De', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Keyword' => array([maximum depth reached]) ) ) ) $c = array( 'id' => '008904', 'authors' => 'Trojanowicz, M.A.;Frenzel, W.', 'authorsweb' => 'Marek Trojanowicz and Wolfgang Frenzel', 'title' => 'Flow injection potentiometry for low level measurements in the presence of sensed ion in the carrier', 'journal' => 'Fresenius J. Anal. Chem.', 'journal_id' => '0944', 'fadid' => 'FJAC1987V0328P00653', 'year' => '1987', 'volume' => '328', 'issue' => '8', 'startpage' => '653', 'endpage' => '656', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0982;1275;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0298;0303;0400;', 'keywords' => ';0464;', 'abstract' => 'A theoretical treatment based on the Nikolski equation is presented for the response of ion-sensitive electrodes in flow injection analysis, and the predictions are compared with experimental results obtained with a F--selective electrode and 0.2 M NaCl - 0.2 M acetate buffer (pH 5.2) containing F- (100 µg l-1) as carrier and with an I--selective electrode and a carrier of 0.2 M KNO3 containing ascorbic acid (1 g l-1) and I- (100 µg l-1). Measurements were made in a single-line manifold with a variable length of tubing (0.8 mm i.d.) and an injected volume of 100 µL. Significant deviations due to slow response were observed, but it is possible to linearize the calibration graph for low-dispersion systems and the electrodes can be used, with limited sensitivity, in the µg L-1 concentration. range.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '21', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 00:20:53', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00320', 'pauthor' => '!Trojanowicz, M.A.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1007/BF00488664', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Flow injection potentiometry for low level measurements in the presence of sensed ion in the carrier', Fresenius J. Anal. Chem., 1987 328(8) 653-656', 'firstchar' => 'F', 'twochars' => 'Fl', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( 'id' => '006890', 'citation_id' => '008904', 'technique_id' => '0303' ), 'Analyte' => array( (int) 0 => array( 'id' => '00982', 'name' => 'Fluoride', 'iupac_name' => 'fluoride', 'casrn' => '16984-48-8', 'synonyms' => 'Fluoride; Fluorides; Fluoride ion; Fluorine, ion; Perfluoride', 'total' => '77', 'inchi' => 'InChI=1S/FH/h1H/p-1', 'inchikey' => 'KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M', 'formula' => 'F-', 'oxstate' => '-1', 'url' => '', 'charge' => '-1', 'class1' => 'Element', 'class2' => 'Non-metal', 'class3' => 'Halogen', 'class4' => 'Anion', 'class5' => '', 'isgroup' => '', 'checked' => 'yes', 'citation_count' => '0', 'updated' => '2015-10-23 09:58:10', 'first' => 'F', 'nametotal' => 'Fluoride**77', 'AnalytesCitation' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 1 => array( 'id' => '01275', 'name' => 'Iodide', 'iupac_name' => 'iodide', 'casrn' => '20461-54-5', 'synonyms' => 'iodide ion', 'total' => '85', 'inchi' => 'InChI=1S/HI/h1H/p-1', 'inchikey' => 'XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-M', 'formula' => 'I-', 'oxstate' => '-1', 'url' => '', 'charge' => '-1', 'class1' => 'Element', 'class2' => 'Non-metal', 'class3' => 'Halogen', 'class4' => 'Anion', 'class5' => '', 'isgroup' => '', 'checked' => 'yes', 'citation_count' => '0', 'updated' => '2015-10-23 21:29:44', 'first' => 'I', 'nametotal' => 'Iodide**85', 'AnalytesCitation' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ) ), 'Matrix' => array(), 'Keyword' => array( (int) 0 => array( 'id' => '0464', 'type' => 'Theory', 'keyword' => 'Theory', 'newKeyword' => '', 'synonyms' => '', 'fao' => '', 'total' => '328', 'first' => 'T', 'keytotal' => 'Theory**328', 'CitationsKeyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ) ) ) $i = (int) 9 $path = '' $a = '' $url = 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00488664' $aus = 'Marek Trojanowicz and Wolfgang Frenzel'include - APP/View/Elements/citation.ctp, line 40 View::_evaluate() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 971 View::_render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 933 View::_renderElement() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 1224 View::element() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 418 include - APP/View/Techniques/view.ctp, line 52 View::_evaluate() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 971 View::_render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 933 View::render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 473 Controller::render() - CORE/Cake/Controller/Controller.php, line 968 Dispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/Cake/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 200 Dispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/Cake/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 167 [main] - APP/webroot/index.php, line 109
Abstract:
A theoretical treatment based on the Nikolski equation is presented for the response of ion-sensitive electrodes in flow injection analysis, and the predictions are compared with experimental results obtained with a F--selective electrode and 0.2 M NaCl - 0.2 M acetate buffer (pH 5.2) containing F- (100 µg l-1) as carrier and with an I--selective electrode and a carrier of 0.2 M KNO3 containing ascorbic acid (1 g l-1) and I- (100 µg l-1). Measurements were made in a single-line manifold with a variable length of tubing (0.8 mm i.d.) and an injected volume of 100 µL. Significant deviations due to slow response were observed, but it is possible to linearize the calibration graph for low-dispersion systems and the electrodes can be used, with limited sensitivity, in the µg L-1 concentration. range.
Fluoride
Iodide
Theory
"Effect Of Addition Of Main Ion To Carrier Solution In Potentiometric Flow Injection Measurements With Solid State Ion-selective Electrodes"
Fresenius J. Anal. Chem.
1987 Volume 328, Issue 1-2 Pages 27-32
Notice (8): Undefined variable: uid [APP/View/Elements/citation.ctp, line 40]Code Context?><?phpif($uid!='') {$viewFile = '/home/stuchalk/public_html/fad/app/View/Elements/citation.ctp' $dataForView = array( 'data' => array( 'Technique' => array( 'id' => '0303', 'label' => 'Electrode', 'level1' => 'Electrode', 'level2' => 'ion selective', 'level3' => 'iodide', 'level4' => '', 'level5' => '', 'synonyms' => 'Ion selective electrode,ISE', 'champ' => '', 'total' => '21', 'updated' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'name' => 'Electrode, ion selective, iodide', 'nametotal' => 'Electrode, ion selective, iodide**21', 'first' => 'E' ), 'Citation' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 1 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 2 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 3 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 4 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 5 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 6 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 7 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 8 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 9 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 10 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 11 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 12 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 13 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 14 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 15 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 16 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 17 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 18 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 19 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 20 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ) ), 'c' => array( 'id' => '008907', 'authors' => 'Ilcheva, L.;Trojanowicz, M.A.;Krawczynski Vel Krawczyk, T.', 'authorsweb' => 'Liliana Ilcheva, Marek Trojanowicz and Tadeusz Krawczynski vel Krawczyk', 'title' => 'Effect of addition of main ion to carrier solution in potentiometric flow injection measurements with solid state ion-selective electrodes', 'journal' => 'Fresenius J. Anal. Chem.', 'journal_id' => '0944', 'fadid' => 'FJAC1987V0328P00027', 'year' => '1987', 'volume' => '328', 'issue' => '1-2', 'startpage' => '27', 'endpage' => '32', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0982;0594;1275;0684;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0238;0290;0295;0298;0303;0400;', 'keywords' => ';0401;0464;', 'abstract' => 'Flow injection measurements were made by using a flow-through cup (described and illustrated) and Cl--, F--, I-- and Cu(II)-selective electrodes. The addition of the main ion to the carrier solution to create a constant background level of main ion produces a significant improvement in response for the F-- and I--selective electrodes. However, a very slow return of the potential value to the baseline is observed for I- measurements; this is attributable to the slow desorption of I- from the electrode surface. The super-Nernstian slope observed for the F-- and Cu(II)-selective electrodes in the absence of F- or Cu(II) in the carrier solution decreased to Nernstian values in the presence of the ions in the carrier solution', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '27', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 00:20:46', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00320', 'pauthor' => '!Trojanowicz, M.A.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1007/BF00560942', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Effect of addition of main ion to carrier solution in potentiometric flow injection measurements with solid state ion-selective electrodes', Fresenius J. Anal. Chem., 1987 328(1-2) 27-32', 'firstchar' => 'E', 'twochars' => 'Ef', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( 'id' => '006901', 'citation_id' => '008907', 'technique_id' => '0303' ), 'Analyte' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 1 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 2 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 3 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), 'Matrix' => array(), 'Keyword' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 1 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ) ), 'i' => (int) 10 ) $data = array( 'Technique' => array( 'id' => '0303', 'label' => 'Electrode', 'level1' => 'Electrode', 'level2' => 'ion selective', 'level3' => 'iodide', 'level4' => '', 'level5' => '', 'synonyms' => 'Ion selective electrode,ISE', 'champ' => '', 'total' => '21', 'updated' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'name' => 'Electrode, ion selective, iodide', 'nametotal' => 'Electrode, ion selective, iodide**21', 'first' => 'E' ), 'Citation' => array( (int) 0 => array( 'id' => '003989', 'authors' => 'Trojanowicz, M.A.;Matuszewski, W.;Hulanicki, A.', 'authorsweb' => 'Marek Trojanowicz, Wojciech Matuszewski and Adam Hulanicki', 'title' => 'Flow injection potentiometric determination of residual chlorine in water', 'journal' => 'Anal. Chim. Acta', 'journal_id' => '0584', 'fadid' => 'ANCA1982V0136P00085', 'year' => '1982', 'volume' => '136', 'issue' => '1', 'startpage' => '85', 'endpage' => '92 ', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0597;', 'matrices' => ';0372;', 'techniques' => ';0192;0303;0400;', 'keywords' => '', 'abstract' => 'Residual chlorine is measured in water by using a potentiometric system composed of an iodide-selective electrode and a platinum electrode sensing the iodine-iodide ratio. When the sample is added to acidified iodide solution, the cell response is in a logarithmic relation to the iodine concentration which in turn depends on the concentration of residual chlorine. In the flow injection system evolved, 0.1-5.0 mg L-1 residual chlorine can be determined at a rate of 40-60 samples per hour. The results of potentiometric determinations of residual chlorine in tap water compared to spectrophotometric results suggest that the presence of various organic substances is responsible for discrepancies between these measurements.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '9', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 15:43:35', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00320', 'pauthor' => '!Trojanowicz, M.A.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1016/S0003-2670(01)95366-8', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Flow injection potentiometric determination of residual chlorine in water', Anal. Chim. Acta, 1982 136(1) 85-92 ', 'firstchar' => 'F', 'twochars' => 'Fl', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Keyword' => array([maximum depth reached]) ), (int) 1 => array( 'id' => '005156', 'authors' => 'Figuerola, E.;Florido, A.;Aguilar, M.;De Pablo, J.;Alegret, S.', 'authorsweb' => 'E. Figuerola, A. Florido, M. Aguilar and J. De Pablo, S. Alegret', 'title' => 'Sequential flow injection determination of cyanide and weak metal cyanide complexes with flow-through heterogeneous membrane electrodes', 'journal' => 'Anal. Chim. Acta', 'journal_id' => '0584', 'fadid' => 'ANCA1988V0215P00283', 'year' => '1988', 'volume' => '215', 'issue' => '1-2', 'startpage' => '283', 'endpage' => '288', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0716;0717;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0127;0303;0400;', 'keywords' => ';0173;0217;0302;0212;0258;', 'abstract' => 'Two I--selective heterogeneous epoxy-based membrane flow-through electrodes were placed before and after a gas diffusion unit in a flow injection system for determination of free and total CN-. The CN--containing sample was injected into a KNO3 carrier solution and free CN- was determined by the first flow-through electrode. The solution was then treated with the HCl stream in the reaction coil. The HCN evolved passed through the gas-permeable membrane in the diffusion unit and was collected in an alkaline solution, where the CN- was measured by the second flow-through electrode. Under optimum conditions, the response was rectilinear from 10 µM to 1 mM CN- and the coefficient of variation were ~2% with a sampling rate of 20 h-1. Total CN- could be determined in the presence of Zn, Cu(II) and Cd but results were low in the presence of Ni, Co(II) and Fe(III). Sulfide and SCN- were not tolerated. The reproducibility was worse than that of spectrophotometric detection but the method could be used over a wider concentration. range and was more suitable for an online control monitoring system.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '2', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 15:55:59', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'NA', 'address' => '?', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1016/S0003-2670(00)85287-3', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Sequential flow injection determination of cyanide and weak metal cyanide complexes with flow-through heterogeneous membrane electrodes', Anal. Chim. Acta, 1988 215(1-2) 283-288', 'firstchar' => 'S', 'twochars' => 'Se', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 2 => array( 'id' => '005694', 'authors' => 'Van Staden, J.F.', 'authorsweb' => 'Jacobus F. van Staden', 'title' => 'Response time phenomena of coated open-tubular solid-state silver halide-selective electrodes and their influence on sample dispersion in flow injection analysis', 'journal' => 'Anal. Chim. Acta', 'journal_id' => '0584', 'fadid' => 'ANCA1992V0261P00381', 'year' => '1992', 'volume' => '261', 'issue' => '1-2', 'startpage' => '381', 'endpage' => '390', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0451;0594;1275;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0283;0290;0303;', 'keywords' => ';0302;0410;0119;', 'abstract' => 'A comparative study has been made of the response times of coated open-tubular Ag membrane electrodes selective towards Cl-, Br- or I- (cf. Ibid., 1986, 179, 407) as they affect the throughput of flow injection analysis systems. The tubular indicator electrodes were used in conjunction with an Orion 90-02 double-junction reference electrode with 10% KNO3 solution in its outer chamber. The digitized signals were smoothed by applying the DS (data sets) Cat and Smooth operations of the ASYST software; typical background-corrected graphs for the flow injection measurement of halides (10 to 5000 mg l-1) are reproduced. Examination of the leading edges of the various peaks showed that their rate of response was independent of concentration. and did not significantly decrease the sampling rate, although the response of the Br- electrode at the initial peak-formation stages near the baseline was slightly slower than that of the others. The rate of response of the trailing edges was mainly responsible for the sampling rate in an optimized flow injection system, and the I- electrode showed a memory effect, which was largely responsible for the low sampling rate of this system compared with similar systems with the other two electrodes. The contribution of the memory effect or response time phenomena of coated open-tubular solid state chloride-, bromide-, and iodide-selective electrodes on the anal. output in flow injection systems are presented for concentration. ranges between 10 and 5000 mg L-1. The rate of response for the leading edges of all three electrodes due to electrode properties are independent of concentration. and do not contribute significantly to any decrease in sampling rate, although the rate of response of the bromide-selective electrode flow injection analysis (FIA) system seems to be slightly slower than the other two electrode systems at the initial peak-formation stages near the base line. The rate of response for the tailing edges of the different electrodes due to electrode properties is mainly responsible for the sampling rate obtained in an optimized FIA-ISE system. The memory effect of the iodide-selective electrode is mainly responsible for the fact that the sampling rate of this system is very much lower than the sampling rate obtained for similar systems with the other two electrodes. For the bromide-selective electrode system, the slower rate of response due to electrode properties at the tailing edges (especially with high concentrations of bromide) than that of the chloride-selective electrode, contributes mainly to a lower sampling output for the bromide-selective electrode-FIA system when compared with the chloride electrode system.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '6', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 16:06:13', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00328', 'pauthor' => '!Van Staden, J.F.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1016/0003-2670(92)80217-U', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Response time phenomena of coated open-tubular solid-state silver halide-selective electrodes and their influence on sample dispersion in flow injection analysis', Anal. Chim. Acta, 1992 261(1-2) 381-390', 'firstchar' => 'R', 'twochars' => 'Re', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 3 => array( 'id' => '006910', 'authors' => 'Alegret, S.;Florido, A.;Lima, J.L.F.C.;Machado, A.A.S.C.', 'authorsweb' => 'S. Alegret*, A. Florido, J. L. F. C. Lima and A. A. S. C. Machado ', 'title' => 'Flow-through tubular iodide- and bromide-selective electrodes based on epoxy-resin heterogeneous membranes', 'journal' => 'Talanta', 'journal_id' => '0569', 'fadid' => 'TALT1989V0036P00825', 'year' => '1989', 'volume' => '36', 'issue' => '8', 'startpage' => '825', 'endpage' => '829', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1275;0451;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0283;0303;', 'keywords' => ';0217;0253;0385;0213;', 'abstract' => 'The electrodes were made from 4-mm lengths of Perspex tubing (1 cm o.d., 8 mm i.d.), which were filled with Ag-containing conductive epoxy-resin to which a shielded cable was then attached. A hole (1.75 mm diameter) was drilled through the centre, which was then packed with powdered AgX - Ag2S mixture (X = I or Br) dispersed in non-conductive epoxy-resin. A central channel (0.75 mm diameter) was then drilled leaving a membrane of 0.5-mm thickness. The response characteristics were evaluated in a low-dispersion flow injection system, and both showed a Nernstian response between 50 µM and 0.1 M with good reproducibility and a rapid response that permitted a sampling rate of 60 h-1. Operational pH ranges for I- and Br- were 2.5 to 11 and 3 to 10, respectively. Interference by several ions is reported; I- must be absent in determinations with the Br- electrode.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '11', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 14:55:17', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00788', 'pauthor' => '!Alegret, S.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1016/0039-9140(89)80162-6', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Flow-through tubular iodide- and bromide-selective electrodes based on epoxy-resin heterogeneous membranes', Talanta, 1989 36(8) 825-829', 'firstchar' => 'F', 'twochars' => 'Fl', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 4 => array( 'id' => '006998', 'authors' => 'Najib, F.M.;Othman, S.', 'authorsweb' => 'Fadhil M. Najib* and Shireen Othman, ', 'title' => 'Simultaneous determination of chloride, bromide, iodide and fluoride with flow injection - ion-selective electrode systems', 'journal' => 'Talanta', 'journal_id' => '0569', 'fadid' => 'TALT1992V0039P01259', 'year' => '1992', 'volume' => '39', 'issue' => '10', 'startpage' => '1259', 'endpage' => '1267', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0594;0451;1275;0982;', 'matrices' => ';0372;', 'techniques' => ';0283;0290;0298;0303;', 'keywords' => ';0258;0320;0217;', 'abstract' => 'Electrodes for Cl-, Br- and I- were constructed (preparation described) from Ag2 - AgCl or AgBr (1:1) and Ag2S - AgI (1:3); for F- a commercial electrode was used. By combining the electrodes and suppressor columns of AgCl and amalgamated Pb, the ions were simultaneously determined in a carrier stream (0.5 mL min-1) of e.g. 0.1 M HClO4 at pH 4.0. The calibration graphs were rectilinear down to 100, 5, 1 and 5 µM for Cl-, Br-, I- and F-, respectively. The reproducibility was 1% for the determination of the halides in eight water samples, the results agreed well with those obtained by three reference methods. Flow-through ion-selective electrodes were constructed from compressed pellets (8-10 mm thick, 13 mm diameter, 10 tons/cm2 pressure) of Ag2S/AgX (X = Cl-, Br- or I-) drilled longitudinally (1.5 mm diameter hole) to be suitable for use in flow injection analysis. A column of AgCl (5.5 cm long, 2-3 mm internal diameter) was included in the Cl- electrode manifold to remove interferences from 10^-4 M Br- and 3 x 10^-5 M I- and S2-. A column of amalgamated lead (2-3 cm long, 2-3 mm internal diameter) was used in the Br--electrode manifold to remove interference from 2 x 10^-5 M I-, 3 x 10^-5 M S2- and 7 x 10^-4 M Cl-. These columns and the addition of ascorbic acid were not required when I- was determined with the iodide electrode. The carrier stream was 0.1 M sodium perchlorate (pH 4) at a flow-rate of 0.5 mL/min. The sample pH could be 4-7. Simultaneous determination of Cl- and I-, Cl-, I- and Br-, and Cl-, I-, Br- and F- ions was possible with combinations of the corresponding electrodes and columns in series and/or parallel in specially designed manifolds. Calibration plots were linear, with almost theoretical slopes, down to 10^-6 M I-, 5 x 10^-6 M Br-, 10^-4 M Cl- and 5 x 10^-6 M F-, with precision better than 1%. Sampling rates for single-ion determinations were 72, 102, 90 and 80 per h for the one-, two-, three- and four-electrode systems respectively. Determinations of these ions in water samples by the recommended procedure and by established batch methods showed no significant difference at the 95% confidence limits in a paired comparison t-test.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '28', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 14:59:47', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'Najib, F.M.', 'address' => 'Department of Chemistry, University of Salahaddin, Arbil, Iraq', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1016/0039-9140(92)80234-5', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Simultaneous determination of chloride, bromide, iodide and fluoride with flow injection - ion-selective electrode systems', Talanta, 1992 39(10) 1259-1267', 'firstchar' => 'S', 'twochars' => 'Si', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 5 => array( 'id' => '007457', 'authors' => 'Christopoulos, T.K.;Diamandis, E.P.', 'authorsweb' => 'Theodore K. Christopoulos and Eleftherios P. Diamandis', 'title' => 'Flow-through units for solid-state, liquid and PVC matrix membrane ion-selective electrodes to minimize streaming potentials', 'journal' => 'Analyst', 'journal_id' => '0864', 'fadid' => 'ANAL1987V0112P01293', 'year' => '1987', 'volume' => '112', 'issue' => '9', 'startpage' => '1293', 'endpage' => '1298', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1275;1757;1978;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0303;0315;0156;', 'keywords' => ';0258;0397;', 'abstract' => 'Three flow-through units were constructed (diagrams given) and evaluated for electrode membranes sensitive to iodide (solid), perchlorate (liquid) and propantheline (PVC matrix), respectively. Streaming potential oscillations were reduced to 0.2 mV by siting the sensing membrane as near as possible to the external reference electrolyte - sample solution contact zone. Air-segmented streams were used to study the effect of flow rates of 1.74, 3.64 and 6.7 mL min-1. Sampling rates of up to 60, 120 and 240 h-1, respectively, were achieved.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '0', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 00:02:43', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => '!Diamondis, E.P.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1039/an9871201293', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Flow-through units for solid-state, liquid and PVC matrix membrane ion-selective electrodes to minimize streaming potentials', Analyst, 1987 112(9) 1293-1298', 'firstchar' => 'F', 'twochars' => 'Fl', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 6 => array( 'id' => '007658', 'authors' => 'Davey, D.E.;Mulcahy, D.E.;O'Connell, G.R.', 'authorsweb' => 'David E. Davey, Dennis E. Mulcahy and Gregory R. O'Connell', 'title' => 'Effect of flow injection parameters on the selectivity of an iodide-selective electrode', 'journal' => 'Analyst', 'journal_id' => '0864', 'fadid' => 'ANAL1992V0117P00761', 'year' => '1992', 'volume' => '117', 'issue' => '4', 'startpage' => '761', 'endpage' => '765', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1275;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0303;', 'keywords' => ';0398;0217;0302;', 'abstract' => 'The effects of sample loop volume, flow rate, carrier I- concentration, interferents, solution pH and temperature were studied, with selectivity coefficient being measured for Br-, SCN- and thiosulfate. Samples of 100 µL should be mixed with a 1 µM-KI carrier and a 0.1 M KNO3 reagent stream flowing at a combined rate of 6 to 7 mL min-1 in either neutral or acid solution at 20°C. A study has been carried out on the influence of several experimental parameters on the selectivity of a homogeneous membrane iodide-selective electrode operating under flow injection conditions. Selectivity coefficients were measured for bromide, thiocyanate and thiosulfate by use of a mixed-solution technique, with the effects of sample loop volume, flow rate, carrier iodide concentration, interferent activity, solution pH and temperature being investigated in turn. When the flow system was optimized, it proved possible to double the selectivity of the electrode towards iodide. Facets of the observed behavior were found to correlate well with existing theories on the time-dependent response of solid-state ion-selective electrodes. Peak profiles were also examined, with particular attention being given to the potential excursions or 'overshoots' recorded when mixed solutions of low iodide activity were injected into the flow stream.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '2', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 08:32:42', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'NA', 'address' => 'Sch. Chem. Technol., Univ. South Australia, The Levels, 5095, Australia', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1039/an9921700761', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Effect of flow injection parameters on the selectivity of an iodide-selective electrode', Analyst, 1992 117(4) 761-765', 'firstchar' => 'E', 'twochars' => 'Ef', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 7 => array( 'id' => '008266', 'authors' => 'Alexander, P.W.;Seegopaul, P.', 'authorsweb' => 'Peter W. Alexander and Purneshwar Seegopaul', 'title' => 'Rapid-flow continuous analysis with ion-selective electrodes', 'journal' => 'Anal. Chem.', 'journal_id' => '0499', 'fadid' => 'ANCH1980V0052P02403', 'year' => '1980', 'volume' => '52', 'issue' => '14', 'startpage' => '2403', 'endpage' => '2406', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1275;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0303;', 'keywords' => '', 'abstract' => 'A study of rapid sampling in a continuous-flow system is reported with an iodide solid-state electrode as a continuous sensor. The system is operated by consecutive manual aspiration of sample and wash solutions into a flow manifold with air segmentation to reduce carry-over. The design features and flow rates used in the operation of the system are described, and it is found that sampling rates up to 360/h are permissible with flow rates as low as 9.2 mL min-1. The concept of combining rapid flow with air segmentation is shown to give an Improved method for achieving rapid sampling with electrode detection in a continuous-flow system with advantages over the more complex bubble-gating and flow-injection techniques currently in use.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2014-11-12 21:24:23', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '8', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 18:32:10', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00008', 'pauthor' => '!Alexander, P.W.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => 'Not DOI assigned. Use issue url', 'url' => '10.1021/ac50064a038', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Rapid-flow continuous analysis with ion-selective electrodes', Anal. Chem., 1980 52(14) 2403-2406', 'firstchar' => 'R', 'twochars' => 'Ra', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array([maximum depth reached]) ), (int) 8 => array( 'id' => '008892', 'authors' => 'Van Staden, J.F.', 'authorsweb' => 'Jacobus F. van Staden', 'title' => 'Incorporation of a coated tubular solid-state iodide selective electrode into the conduits of a flow injection system', 'journal' => 'Fresenius J. Anal. Chem.', 'journal_id' => '0944', 'fadid' => 'FJAC1986V0325P00247', 'year' => '1986', 'volume' => '325', 'issue' => '3', 'startpage' => '247', 'endpage' => '251', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1275;', 'matrices' => ';0473;', 'techniques' => ';0303;0400;', 'keywords' => ';0043;0090;0302;0354;0223;0054;', 'abstract' => 'A tubular flow-through electrode (5 mm long, 2 mm i.d.) prepared by depositing AgI on silver foil and connected to an Orion Research microprocessor Ionalyzer with an Orion double-junction reference electrode was incorporated in a flow injection system (diagram given) capable of 90 samples h-1. Samples and ionic-strength-adjustment buffer were fed by a peristaltic pump with a pulse suppression system. Optimum sensitivity and response were obtained with 0.1 M KNO3 - 0.02 M acetic acid buffer. Response of carefully conditioned electrodes was rectilinear from 5 to 5000 mg L-1 of I-; they were stable and needed little maintenance. Analyses of iodized table salt agreed reasonably with quoted I- concentration, with a coefficient of variation of <1.8% (n = 15). The practical range was 5 to 2000 mg l-1.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '15', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 00:20:33', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00328', 'pauthor' => '!Van Staden, J.F.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1007/BF00498166', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Incorporation of a coated tubular solid-state iodide selective electrode into the conduits of a flow injection system', Fresenius J. Anal. Chem., 1986 325(3) 247-251', 'firstchar' => 'I', 'twochars' => 'In', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 9 => array( 'id' => '008904', 'authors' => 'Trojanowicz, M.A.;Frenzel, W.', 'authorsweb' => 'Marek Trojanowicz and Wolfgang Frenzel', 'title' => 'Flow injection potentiometry for low level measurements in the presence of sensed ion in the carrier', 'journal' => 'Fresenius J. Anal. Chem.', 'journal_id' => '0944', 'fadid' => 'FJAC1987V0328P00653', 'year' => '1987', 'volume' => '328', 'issue' => '8', 'startpage' => '653', 'endpage' => '656', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0982;1275;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0298;0303;0400;', 'keywords' => ';0464;', 'abstract' => 'A theoretical treatment based on the Nikolski equation is presented for the response of ion-sensitive electrodes in flow injection analysis, and the predictions are compared with experimental results obtained with a F--selective electrode and 0.2 M NaCl - 0.2 M acetate buffer (pH 5.2) containing F- (100 µg l-1) as carrier and with an I--selective electrode and a carrier of 0.2 M KNO3 containing ascorbic acid (1 g l-1) and I- (100 µg l-1). Measurements were made in a single-line manifold with a variable length of tubing (0.8 mm i.d.) and an injected volume of 100 µL. Significant deviations due to slow response were observed, but it is possible to linearize the calibration graph for low-dispersion systems and the electrodes can be used, with limited sensitivity, in the µg L-1 concentration. range.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '21', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 00:20:53', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00320', 'pauthor' => '!Trojanowicz, M.A.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1007/BF00488664', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Flow injection potentiometry for low level measurements in the presence of sensed ion in the carrier', Fresenius J. Anal. Chem., 1987 328(8) 653-656', 'firstchar' => 'F', 'twochars' => 'Fl', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 10 => array( 'id' => '008907', 'authors' => 'Ilcheva, L.;Trojanowicz, M.A.;Krawczynski Vel Krawczyk, T.', 'authorsweb' => 'Liliana Ilcheva, Marek Trojanowicz and Tadeusz Krawczynski vel Krawczyk', 'title' => 'Effect of addition of main ion to carrier solution in potentiometric flow injection measurements with solid state ion-selective electrodes', 'journal' => 'Fresenius J. Anal. Chem.', 'journal_id' => '0944', 'fadid' => 'FJAC1987V0328P00027', 'year' => '1987', 'volume' => '328', 'issue' => '1-2', 'startpage' => '27', 'endpage' => '32', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0982;0594;1275;0684;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0238;0290;0295;0298;0303;0400;', 'keywords' => ';0401;0464;', 'abstract' => 'Flow injection measurements were made by using a flow-through cup (described and illustrated) and Cl--, F--, I-- and Cu(II)-selective electrodes. The addition of the main ion to the carrier solution to create a constant background level of main ion produces a significant improvement in response for the F-- and I--selective electrodes. However, a very slow return of the potential value to the baseline is observed for I- measurements; this is attributable to the slow desorption of I- from the electrode surface. The super-Nernstian slope observed for the F-- and Cu(II)-selective electrodes in the absence of F- or Cu(II) in the carrier solution decreased to Nernstian values in the presence of the ions in the carrier solution', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '27', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 00:20:46', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00320', 'pauthor' => '!Trojanowicz, M.A.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1007/BF00560942', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Effect of addition of main ion to carrier solution in potentiometric flow injection measurements with solid state ion-selective electrodes', Fresenius J. Anal. Chem., 1987 328(1-2) 27-32', 'firstchar' => 'E', 'twochars' => 'Ef', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 11 => array( 'id' => '009866', 'authors' => 'Davey, D.E.;Mulcahy, D.E.;O'Connell, G.R.', 'authorsweb' => 'David E. Davey, Dennis E. Mulcahy, Gregory R. O'Connell', 'title' => 'Comparison of detector cell configurations in flow injection potentiometry', 'journal' => 'Electroanalysis', 'journal_id' => '1003', 'fadid' => 'ELAN1993V0005P00581', 'year' => '1993', 'volume' => '5', 'issue' => '7', 'startpage' => '581', 'endpage' => '588', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1275;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0400;0303;', 'keywords' => ';0258;', 'abstract' => 'A solid-state iodide-selective electrode was used to compare the performances of flow-through, edge-jet and wall-jet detector cell configurations in FIA. Cell volume of 4-210 µL were studied with flow streams of 1.7 or 3.2 ml/min and injections of 0.1 M KI were made into a flow stream of 10 µM-KI or of 0.1 M KNO3. Similarly good results were obtained for each configuration in the cell volume range 4-63 µL at 1.7 ml/min or 4-120 µL at 3.2 ml/min, but best results were given generally under thin-layer flow conditions which occurred in the cell volume range 4-33 µL. The range of cell volume that could yield steady data decreased in the order edge-jet, wall-jet, flow-through configuration.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '7', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 14:09:26', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00106', 'pauthor' => '!Davey, D.E.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1002/elan.1140050709', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'no', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Comparison of detector cell configurations in flow injection potentiometry', Electroanalysis, 1993 5(7) 581-588', 'firstchar' => 'C', 'twochars' => 'Co', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 12 => array( 'id' => '009877', 'authors' => 'Daunert, S.;Florido, A.;Bricker, J.;Dunaway, W.;Bachas, L.G.;Valiente, M.', 'authorsweb' => 'Sylvia Daunert, Antonio Florido, Jordi Bricker, Wes Dunaway, Leonidas G. Bachas, Manuel Valiente', 'title' => 'Iodide-selective electrodes based on a mercury - tri-isobutylphosphine sulfide complex', 'journal' => 'Electroanalysis', 'journal_id' => '1003', 'fadid' => 'ELAN1993V0005P00839', 'year' => '1993', 'volume' => '5', 'issue' => '9-10', 'startpage' => '839', 'endpage' => '843', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';2324;1275;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0303;0400;', 'keywords' => '', 'abstract' => 'Tri-isobutylphosphine sulfide - Hg complex-based ISE were prepared (described) and were used in conjunction with an Orion 90-02-00 double-junction reference electrode. Batchwise potentiometric measurements were made in 0.1 M 2-morpholinoethanesulfonic acid (I)/NaOH buffers of pH 5.5, 6 or 6.5 or 0.1 M NaH2PO4/NaOH buffers of pH 6 or 6.5. Various Hg complex/PVC/plasticizer/DMF/THF mixtures were also used to prepare a membrane within a flow-through tubular electrode made from Epo-Tek 410 Ag-based conductive epoxy. This membrane electrode was used for detection in FIA. ISE containing 4% of ionophore showed near-Nernstian response to thiocyanate in all three I buffers and the detection limit was 2-4 µM, slightly better than in the phosphate buffers (detection limit of 5 µM-thiocyanate). Response times averaged 1 min for thiocyanate and 12 min for iodide. In FIA, the best signals were obtained with 100 µL sample injections and a carrier flow rate of 3.3 ml/min; with a membrane containing 4% of ionophore, the peak heights were reproducible to within ±1 mV for three injections at a given concentration.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '7', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 14:09:32', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00857', 'pauthor' => '!Bachas, L.G.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1002/elan.1140050919', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'no', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Iodide-selective electrodes based on a mercury - tri-isobutylphosphine sulfide complex', Electroanalysis, 1993 5(9-10) 839-843', 'firstchar' => 'I', 'twochars' => 'Io', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array([maximum depth reached]) ), (int) 13 => array( 'id' => '009899', 'authors' => 'Davey, D.E.;Mulcahy, D.E.;O'Connell, G.R.;Smart, R.S.', 'authorsweb' => 'David E. Davey, Dennis E. Mulcahy, Gregory R. O'Connell, Roger StC. Smart', 'title' => 'A flow injection/XPS investigation of the effect of redox equilibria on the selectivity of an iodide-selective electrode', 'journal' => 'Electroanalysis', 'journal_id' => '1003', 'fadid' => 'ELAN1995V0007P00461', 'year' => '1995', 'volume' => '7', 'issue' => '5', 'startpage' => '461', 'endpage' => '470', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1275;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0303;0400;', 'keywords' => ';0217;0377;0398;', 'abstract' => 'Bromide, thiocyanate and thiosulfate were studied as three moderately-interfering species. The flow injection (FI) manifold was as described earlier (Pure Appl. Chem, 1976, 48, 129). Potentiometric measurements were made with an Orion Research Model 710A digital pH/mV meter and the Orion 94-06A iodide ISE was used for most of the FI work. Neutral and acidified iodate and bromate oxidant streams increased the selectivity of the iodide electrode towards the interferents. Use of ascorbic acid or metabisulfite reducing streams resulted in a greater degree of selectivity towards iodide than was obtained with either of the neutral oxidant streams but a lower degree of selectivity than was obtained when a simple nitrate reagent stream was present. Thiosulfate damaged the surface of the electrode irreparably, with a concomitant excessive peak broadening in the FI experiment and very poor baseline recovery.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '8', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 14:10:24', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '01201', 'pauthor' => '!O'Connell, G.R.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1002/elan.1140070510', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'no', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''A flow injection/XPS investigation of the effect of redox equilibria on the selectivity of an iodide-selective electrode', Electroanalysis, 1995 7(5) 461-470', 'firstchar' => 'A', 'twochars' => 'A ', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 14 => array( 'id' => '009912', 'authors' => 'Davey, D.E.;Mulcahy, D.E.;O'Connell, G.R.', 'authorsweb' => 'David E. Davey, Dennis E. Mulcahy, Gregory R. O'Connell*', 'title' => 'Effect of membrane composition on the flow injection response of an ion-selective electrode: a comparative study based an selectivity coefficients calculated using a data linearization technique', 'journal' => 'Electroanalysis', 'journal_id' => '1003', 'fadid' => 'ELAN1996V0008P00274', 'year' => '1996', 'volume' => '8', 'issue' => '3', 'startpage' => '274', 'endpage' => '279', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1275;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0303;0284;0330;0400;', 'keywords' => ';0217;', 'abstract' => 'Portions of 100 µL of iodide solutions containing 100 mM bromide, thiocyanate and thiosulfate as interferents were injected into carrier and reagent streams (total flow 6.6 ml/min) of 1 µM-KI and 100 mM KNO3, and iodide detected using a variety of purpose made AgI/Ag2S (details given) and commercially available iodide, sulfide and cadmium ISE. Calibration graphs of the respective ISE responses are presented. Most sensors showed good analytical performance, excepting that prepared from a 3:1 AgI/Ag2S membrane.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '8', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 14:10:51', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '01201', 'pauthor' => '!O'Connell, G.R.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1002/elan.1140080313', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Effect of membrane composition on the flow injection response of an ion-selective electrode: a comparative study based an selectivity coefficients calculated using a data linearization technique', Electroanalysis, 1996 8(3) 274-279', 'firstchar' => 'E', 'twochars' => 'Ef', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 15 => array( 'id' => '009940', 'authors' => 'Di Benedetto, L.T.;Dimitrakopoulos, T.', 'authorsweb' => 'Lucy Tina Di Benedetto, Telis Dimitrakopoulos*', 'title' => 'Evaluation of a new wall-jet flow-through cell for commercial ion-selective electrodes in flow injection potentiometry', 'journal' => 'Electroanalysis', 'journal_id' => '1003', 'fadid' => 'ELAN1997V0009P00179', 'year' => '1997', 'volume' => '9', 'issue' => '2', 'startpage' => '179', 'endpage' => '182', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0205;0487;1275;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0400;0285;0303;', 'keywords' => ';0167;0043;', 'abstract' => 'The cited poly(methyl methacrylate) cell (28 x 25 x 35 mm) which can accommodate commercial gas-sensing, liquid polymer membrane and solid-state-based ISE is described (diagram given). The cell contains a 1 mm i.d. Ag/AgCl wire reference electrode and the dead volume of the ISE compartment is 18 µL. Two separate inlets and flow channels are used to carry the sample and reference solutions to the ISE and reference electrode, respectively, after which the streams are merged and carried to waste. The analysis rate was up to 240 samples/h and injection volumes >=50 µL are recommended. An Orion 95-12 ammonia ISE was used in the cell with a sample injection volume of 100 µL and 1 M KOH/1 µM-NH4Cl and 1 M KCl as carrier and reference solutions, respectively, e.g., at total flow rate of 1.8 ml/min. Calibration graphs of potential vs. log. NH3 concentration were linear for 0.1-10 mM NH3 and peak height RSD were 0.4-3.5%. The flow cell was also used to determine Ca and iodide using appropriate ISE.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '9', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 14:11:38', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00943', 'pauthor' => '!Dimitrakopoulos, T.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1002/elan.1140090219', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Evaluation of a new wall-jet flow-through cell for commercial ion-selective electrodes in flow injection potentiometry', Electroanalysis, 1997 9(2) 179-182', 'firstchar' => 'E', 'twochars' => 'Ev', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 16 => array( 'id' => '011126', 'authors' => 'Ilcheva, L.K.;Cammann, K.;Georgieva, T.', 'authorsweb' => 'NA', 'title' => 'Iodide selective electrode in flow injection system', 'journal' => 'Analusis', 'journal_id' => '0562', 'fadid' => 'ANLU1988V0016P00101', 'year' => '1988', 'volume' => '16', 'issue' => '9-10', 'startpage' => '101', 'endpage' => '104', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1275;', 'matrices' => ';0671;', 'techniques' => ';0303;', 'keywords' => ';0128;0217;', 'abstract' => 'Baseline drift that occurred during use of the I--selective electrode [Seibold 57-17 (Radelkis)] in presence of a high Cl- concentration. could be avoided by use of a flow injection system with the addition of ascorbic acid to the carrier stream. Thus, 50 ppm of I- in high-purity NaCl could be determined by flow injection analysis in a carrier stream (1.7 mL min-1) of 0.1 M NaNO3 containing 0.1 mg L-1 of ascorbic acid with use of the cited electrode. No interference from Cl- memory effects could be detected.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:11:09', 'sjccheck' => 'No', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '0', 'urlcheck' => '2006-05-20 18:43:48', 'urlcheckcode' => '', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'NA', 'address' => 'Higher Chem. Technol. Inst., Dept. Anal. Chem., 1156 Sofia Bulgaria', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => 'NA SJC 102114', 'url' => 'NA', 'urltype' => 'NA', 'gotpdf' => 'no', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Iodide selective electrode in flow injection system', Analusis, 1988 16(9-10) 101-104', 'firstchar' => 'I', 'twochars' => 'Io', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 17 => array( 'id' => '011372', 'authors' => 'Volesky, B.;Emond, C.', 'authorsweb' => 'B. Volesky, C. Emond', 'title' => 'Continuous-flow monitoring of lactose concentration', 'journal' => 'Biotechnol. Bioeng.', 'journal_id' => '0782', 'fadid' => 'BTBE1979V0021P01251', 'year' => '1979', 'volume' => '21', 'issue' => '7', 'startpage' => '1251', 'endpage' => '1276', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1349;', 'matrices' => 'NA', 'techniques' => ';0303;', 'keywords' => ';0258;0217;', 'abstract' => 'A specific continuous-flow analytical system for determination of lactose concentration in a liquid mixture of constituent sugars was developed and tested based on a series of enzymatic reactions. Lactose and glucose oxidase immobilized on a phenol-formaldehyde resin were employed. More detailed study was carried out based on a reaction by-product quantitatively detected by an available iodide electrode. A multichannel proportioning pump fed two independently operated analytical streams eliminating thus the background glucose interference. With a goal of lactose concentration control in a fermentation process, the system response time delay was shortened to approximately 15 min. Apart from optimization of the analytical system operating parameters, the study indicates also the major application problem areas: lactase inhibition by galactose, galactose oxidation by glucose oxidase, and a partial loss of glucose oxidase activity in a prolonged continuous-flow operation. A manual Colorimetric Procedure was employed to verify the results of the potentiometric method.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '2006-08-24 01:57:33', 'hits' => '7', 'urlcheck' => '2014-11-25 23:02:47', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found (Array)', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'NA', 'address' => 'Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada H3A 2A7', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1002/bit.260210713', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'no', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Continuous-flow monitoring of lactose concentration', Biotechnol. Bioeng., 1979 21(7) 1251-1276', 'firstchar' => 'C', 'twochars' => 'Co', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 18 => array( 'id' => '012627', 'authors' => 'Seifert, K.;Dominok, B.;Dominok, G.W.', 'authorsweb' => 'K Seifert, B Dominok, GW Dominok', 'title' => 'Improved methods for determination of fluoride in biological materials', 'journal' => 'Fluoride', 'journal_id' => '1177', 'fadid' => 'FLUR1986V0019P00022', 'year' => '1986', 'volume' => '19', 'issue' => '1', 'startpage' => '22', 'endpage' => '25', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0982;', 'matrices' => ';0262;0160;', 'techniques' => ';0298;0303;0416;', 'keywords' => ';0454;0468;', 'abstract' => 'Fluoride is separated from cartilage or aortic tissues without ashing by an adaptation of the method of Yoshida et al. (Anal. Abstr., 1979, 37, 6B109). The reaction takes place in a closed apparatus comprising a 100 mL flask in series with two gas bubblers, each containing 25 mL of 0.1 M NaOH. The sample, 50 mL of water and two drops of hexamethyldisiloxane are placed in the flask, and 40 mL of concentrated H2SO4 is added to the sample through a dropping funnel. The trimethylsilanol(I) produced reacts with the F- to form fluorotrimethylsilane(II), which is swept by N (50 mL min-1) to the bubblers. II is converted by the alkali back into I, which is extracted into toluene before measurement of the F- so liberated in 0.45 M HClO4 medium with an I--selective electrode. Urine is analyzed directly for F- in 0.5 M HClO4 medium containing 0.001% of Triton X-100 by using two F--selective electrodes in a flow injection system. The latter method was applied to urine of persons drinking fluoridated water or occupationally exposed to F. The former method was applied to tissues from adults and infants, and the results are reported.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '2006-08-06 10:50:14', 'hits' => '7', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-13 12:09:40', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 200 OK', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'Dominok, G.W.', 'address' => 'Institute of Hygiene and Pathology, Cottbus, GDR', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => null, 'url' => 'www.fluorideresearch.org/191/files/FJ1986_v19_n1_p001-050.pdf', 'urltype' => 'pdfurl', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Improved methods for determination of fluoride in biological materials', Fluoride, 1986 19(1) 22-25', 'firstchar' => 'I', 'twochars' => 'Im', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 19 => array( 'id' => '013023', 'authors' => 'Gur'ev, I.A.;Kuleshova, N.V.', 'authorsweb' => 'I. A. Gur'ev and N. V. Kuleshova', 'title' => 'Sorption preconcentration and flow injection determination of cadmium', 'journal' => 'J. Anal. Chem.', 'journal_id' => '0798', 'fadid' => 'JACU1998V0053P00796', 'year' => '1998', 'volume' => '53', 'issue' => '9', 'startpage' => '796', 'endpage' => '799', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0478;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0290;0303;0400;', 'keywords' => ';0212;0089;0398;', 'abstract' => 'A procedure for the flow injection determination of Cd traces in aqueous solutions was developed. The procedure is based on the use of ion-selective electrodes sensitive to chloride or iodide complexes of Cd. Sorption pre-concentration simultaneously transforms Cd to anal. active species, it decreases the limit of detection, and improves the selectivity of determination.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:11:09', 'sjccheck' => 'No', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '15', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-23 18:49:51', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Object moved', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'NA', 'address' => 'Chemistry Department, Nizhni-Novgorod State University, prosp. Gagarina 23, 603600, Nizhni Novgorod, Russia', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => 'Not available on springer', 'url' => 'elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=13280948', 'urltype' => 'absurl', 'gotpdf' => 'no', 'partial