"Determination Of Chloride By Multisyringe Flow Injection Analysis And Sequential Injection Analysis With Potentiometric Detection"
Anal. Chim. Acta 2002 Volume 467, Issue 1-2 Pages 25-33

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			'title' => 'Potentiometric flow injection determination of chloride',
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			'abstract' => 'A Cl--selective electrode was prepared from a silver - AgCl electrode by surface oxidation of the silver in 0.5 M FeCl3. A double-junction SCE with a 1 M NH4NO3 bridge was the reference electrode. In the low concentration. range (15 to 50 &micro;M), the Cl- concentration. was directly proportional to the electrode potential. In the Nernstian response region, the dispersion in the flow system influenced the lower limit of the rectilinear calibration range whereas in the sub-Nernstian region it influenced the slope of the electrode response curve. The method was applied in the determination of Cl- in river water. The results agreed well with those obtained by titration, with standard deviations of ~1.5 mg L-1 at the level of 40 mg l-1',
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			'citation' => ''Potentiometric flow injection determination of chloride', Anal. Chim. Acta, 1983 151(1) 77-84',
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			'journal' => 'Anal. Chim. Acta',
			'journal_id' => '0584',
			'fadid' => 'ANCA1986V0179P00407',
			'year' => '1986',
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			'abstract' => 'The construction of the electrode is described and illustrated. Response times are 3 to 4 s and the range is 5 to 5000 mg L-1 for 30 &micro;L samples. Mean recoveries of 67 and 114 mg L-1 are 97.8 and 98.9%, respectively, with coefficient of variation in the analysis of 16 water samples being <1.7% (n = 15). The results agree well with those obtained spectrophotometrically.',
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			'title' => 'Simple antilog converter for conventional and flow injection measurements with ion-selective electrodes',
			'journal' => 'Anal. Chim. Acta',
			'journal_id' => '0584',
			'fadid' => 'ANCA1988V0207P00325',
			'year' => '1988',
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			'abstract' => 'A simple antilog. converter based on an antilog. amplifier is described. In potentiometric measurements it produced an output voltage which depended rectilinearly on the concentration. of the sensed species over two orders of magnitude. Signals obtained in measurements with Cl-, F-, K+ and Cu(II) ion-selective electrodes ranged from 1.0 to 10.0 V. The converter was used for flow injection potentiometry within one concentration. decade, but its sensitivity depended on the dispersion in the flow system.',
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			'title' => 'Response time phenomena of coated open-tubular solid-state silver halide-selective electrodes and their influence on sample dispersion in flow injection analysis',
			'journal' => 'Anal. Chim. Acta',
			'journal_id' => '0584',
			'fadid' => 'ANCA1992V0261P00381',
			'year' => '1992',
			'volume' => '261',
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			'abstract' => 'A comparative study has been made of the response times of coated open-tubular Ag membrane electrodes selective towards Cl-, Br- or I- (cf. Ibid., 1986, 179, 407) as they affect the throughput of flow injection analysis systems. The tubular indicator electrodes were used in conjunction with an Orion 90-02 double-junction reference electrode with 10% KNO3 solution in its outer chamber. The digitized signals were smoothed by applying the DS (data sets) Cat and Smooth operations of the ASYST software; typical background-corrected graphs for the flow injection measurement of halides (10 to 5000 mg l-1) are reproduced. Examination of the leading edges of the various peaks showed that their rate of response was independent of concentration. and did not significantly decrease the sampling rate, although the response of the Br- electrode at the initial peak-formation stages near the baseline was slightly slower than that of the others. The rate of response of the trailing edges was mainly responsible for the sampling rate in an optimized flow injection system, and the I- electrode showed a memory effect, which was largely responsible for the low sampling rate of this system compared with similar systems with the other two electrodes. The contribution of the memory effect or response time phenomena of coated open-tubular solid state chloride-, bromide-, and iodide-selective electrodes on the anal. output in flow injection systems are presented for concentration. ranges between 10 and 5000 mg L-1. The rate of response for the leading edges of all three electrodes due to electrode properties are independent of concentration. and do not contribute significantly to any decrease in sampling rate, although the rate of response of the bromide-selective electrode flow injection analysis (FIA) system seems to be slightly slower than the other two electrode systems at the initial peak-formation stages near the base line. The rate of response for the tailing edges of the different electrodes due to electrode properties is mainly responsible for the sampling rate obtained in an optimized FIA-ISE system. The memory effect of the iodide-selective electrode is mainly responsible for the fact that the sampling rate of this system is very much lower than the sampling rate obtained for similar systems with the other two electrodes. For the bromide-selective electrode system, the slower rate of response due to electrode properties at the tailing edges (especially with high concentrations of bromide) than that of the chloride-selective electrode, contributes mainly to a lower sampling output for the bromide-selective electrode-FIA system when compared with the chloride electrode system.',
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			'citation' => ''Response time phenomena of coated open-tubular solid-state silver halide-selective electrodes and their influence on sample dispersion in flow injection analysis', Anal. Chim. Acta, 1992 261(1-2) 381-390',
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			'authors' => 'Hauser, P.C.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Peter C. Hauser*',
			'title' => 'Trioctyltin chloride as carrier for a chloride-selective electrode in flow injection potentiometry',
			'journal' => 'Anal. Chim. Acta',
			'journal_id' => '0584',
			'fadid' => 'ANCA1993V0278P00227',
			'year' => '1993',
			'volume' => '278',
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			'abstract' => 'Trioctyltin chloride was dissolved in THF with bis-(1-butylpentyl)adipate and PVC, then an ISE was constructed with the membrane solution and a Ag wire. The ISE was incorporated into a flow injection cell [cf. Analyst (London), 1988, 113, 1551] and FIA was carried out to determine chloride concentration. in standard solution The inherent instability of the trioctyltin chloride was eliminated in the flow injection mode. Calibration graphs were rectilinear from 1-100 mM chloride and the detection limit was 0.1 mM; no RSD is given.',
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			'pauthor' => '!Hauser, P.C.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1016/0003-2670(93)85103-Q',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Trioctyltin chloride as carrier for a chloride-selective electrode in flow injection potentiometry', Anal. Chim. Acta, 1993 278(2) 227-232',
			'firstchar' => 'T',
			'twochars' => 'Tr',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
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			'Keyword' => array([maximum depth reached])
		),
		(int) 6 => array(
			'id' => '006206',
			'authors' => 'Rizov, I.;Ilcheva, L.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Ivelin Rizov* and Liliana Ilcheva',
			'title' => 'Differential flow injection potentiometry',
			'journal' => 'Anal. Chim. Acta',
			'journal_id' => '0584',
			'fadid' => 'ANCA1995V0311P00175',
			'year' => '1995',
			'volume' => '311',
			'issue' => '2',
			'startpage' => '175',
			'endpage' => '181',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0205;0594;1588;',
			'matrices' => ';0630;1061;',
			'techniques' => ';0290;0312;0274;0400;',
			'keywords' => ';0130;',
			'abstract' => 'Flow injection potentiometric methods using two different ISE placed in series are described for the simultaneous determination of (i) nitrate and chloride and (ii) nitrate and ammonium. The flow injection manifold for the determination of nitrate and chloride consisted of a nitrate ISE separated from a chloride ISE by a reaction coil of 254 cm x 0.51 mm i.d. A sample volume of 60 &micro;L was injected into a 0.04 M Na2SO4 carrier stream (6.3 ml/min). The nitrate concentration was determined using the chloride ISE as a reference electrode and vice versa. The RSD (n = 13) for the determination of 0.1 mM nitrate and 1 mM chloride were 1.1 and 0.9%, respectively. A similar manifold is described for the determination of nitrate and ammonium using nitrate and ammonium ISE separated by a reaction coil of 284 cm x 0.51 mm i.d. The RSD (n = 12) for the determination of nitrate and ammonium in waste water from a urea production plant were 1.1 and 0.9%, respectively.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '14',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 16:17:25',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => null,
			'pauthor' => 'Rizov, I.',
			'address' => 'Department of Analytical Chemistry, Higher Institute of Chemical Technology, 8 Kl. Ochridsky Str., 1756, Sofia, Bulgaria',
			'email' => 'NA',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1016/0003-2670(95)00187-5',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Differential flow injection potentiometry', Anal. Chim. Acta, 1995 311(2) 175-181',
			'firstchar' => 'D',
			'twochars' => 'Di',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Matrix' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 7 => array(
			'id' => '006911',
			'authors' => 'Krawczynski Vel Krawczyk, T.;Szostek, B.;Trojanowicz, M.A.',
			'authorsweb' => 'T. Krawczyski vel Krawczyk, B. Szostek and M. Trojanowicz  ',
			'title' => 'Oxidative removal of interferences in flow injection potentiometric determination of chloride',
			'journal' => 'Talanta',
			'journal_id' => '0569',
			'fadid' => 'TALT1989V0036P00811',
			'year' => '1989',
			'volume' => '36',
			'issue' => '8',
			'startpage' => '811',
			'endpage' => '815',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;',
			'matrices' => '',
			'techniques' => ';0400;0290;',
			'keywords' => ';0217;',
			'abstract' => 'The flow injection system consisted of a multi-channel peristaltic pump, a laboratory-built rotary injection valve with an exchangeable sample loop, a constant-temp. delay coil and a large-volume wall-jet cell. Chloride-sensing electrodes (Ag - AgCl and AgCl - Ag2S membrane) were used in conjunction with an Orion 90-02 double-junction reference electrode. With 0.1 M KBrO3 in 1 M HNO3 as the carrier solution, direct potentiometric determination of Cl- in the presence of excess of Br-, I-, S2- and CN- could be carried out at a max. sampling rate of 120 h-1. Calibration graphs were rectilinear from 10 to 1000 ppm of Cl-, and the coefficient of variation for Br--to-Cl- wt. ratios of 1:1, 1:10 and 25:1 were 1.5, 0.2 and 0.5%, respectively.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '60',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 14:55:16',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '00320',
			'pauthor' => '!Trojanowicz, M.A.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1016/0039-9140(89)80159-6',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Oxidative removal of interferences in flow injection potentiometric determination of chloride', Talanta, 1989 36(8) 811-815',
			'firstchar' => 'O',
			'twochars' => 'Ox',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 8 => array(
			'id' => '006998',
			'authors' => 'Najib, F.M.;Othman, S.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Fadhil M. Najib* and Shireen Othman,  ',
			'title' => 'Simultaneous determination of chloride, bromide, iodide and fluoride with flow injection - ion-selective electrode systems',
			'journal' => 'Talanta',
			'journal_id' => '0569',
			'fadid' => 'TALT1992V0039P01259',
			'year' => '1992',
			'volume' => '39',
			'issue' => '10',
			'startpage' => '1259',
			'endpage' => '1267',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;0451;1275;0982;',
			'matrices' => ';0372;',
			'techniques' => ';0283;0290;0298;0303;',
			'keywords' => ';0258;0320;0217;',
			'abstract' => 'Electrodes for Cl-, Br- and I- were constructed (preparation described) from Ag2 - AgCl or AgBr (1:1) and Ag2S - AgI (1:3); for F- a commercial electrode was used. By combining the electrodes and suppressor columns of AgCl and amalgamated Pb, the ions were simultaneously determined in a carrier stream (0.5 mL min-1) of e.g. 0.1 M HClO4 at pH 4.0. The calibration graphs were rectilinear down to 100, 5, 1 and 5 &micro;M for Cl-, Br-, I- and F-, respectively. The reproducibility was 1% for the determination of the halides in eight water samples, the results agreed well with those obtained by three reference methods. Flow-through ion-selective electrodes were constructed from compressed pellets (8-10 mm thick, 13 mm diameter, 10 tons/cm2 pressure) of Ag2S/AgX (X = Cl-, Br- or I-) drilled longitudinally (1.5 mm diameter hole) to be suitable for use in flow injection analysis. A column of AgCl (5.5 cm long, 2-3 mm internal diameter) was included in the Cl- electrode manifold to remove interferences from 10^-4 M Br- and 3 x 10^-5 M I- and S2-. A column of amalgamated lead (2-3 cm long, 2-3 mm internal diameter) was used in the Br--electrode manifold to remove interference from 2 x 10^-5 M I-, 3 x 10^-5 M S2- and 7 x 10^-4 M Cl-. These columns and the addition of ascorbic acid were not required when I- was determined with the iodide electrode. The carrier stream was 0.1 M sodium perchlorate (pH 4) at a flow-rate of 0.5 mL/min. The sample pH could be 4-7. Simultaneous determination of Cl- and I-, Cl-, I- and Br-, and Cl-, I-, Br- and F- ions was possible with combinations of the corresponding electrodes and columns in series and/or parallel in specially designed manifolds. Calibration plots were linear, with almost theoretical slopes, down to 10^-6 M I-, 5 x 10^-6 M Br-, 10^-4 M Cl- and 5 x 10^-6 M F-, with precision better than 1%. Sampling rates for single-ion determinations were 72, 102, 90 and 80 per h for the one-, two-, three- and four-electrode systems respectively. Determinations of these ions in water samples by the recommended procedure and by established batch methods showed no significant difference at the 95% confidence limits in a paired comparison t-test.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '28',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 14:59:47',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => null,
			'pauthor' => 'Najib, F.M.',
			'address' => 'Department of Chemistry, University of Salahaddin, Arbil, Iraq',
			'email' => 'NA',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1016/0039-9140(92)80234-5',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Simultaneous determination of chloride, bromide, iodide and fluoride with flow injection - ion-selective electrode systems', Talanta, 1992 39(10) 1259-1267',
			'firstchar' => 'S',
			'twochars' => 'Si',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Matrix' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 9 => array(
			'id' => '007402',
			'authors' => 'Midgley, D.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Derek Midgley',
			'title' => 'Determination of chloride and fluoride in boronated water',
			'journal' => 'Analyst',
			'journal_id' => '0864',
			'fadid' => 'ANAL1985V0110P00841',
			'year' => '1985',
			'volume' => '110',
			'issue' => '7',
			'startpage' => '841',
			'endpage' => '845',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;0982;',
			'matrices' => ';1068;',
			'techniques' => ';0290;0298;0400;',
			'keywords' => '',
			'abstract' => 'The performance of chloride-and fluoride-selective electrodes in boronated waters, typical of a pressurised water reactor (PWR) primary coolant, has been investigated. The precision and sensitivity of the mercury(I) chloride-mercury(II) sulphide membrane electrode were unaffected by the boric acid medium and the electrode was adequate for measurements below the specified limit of 150-200 &micro;g l-1 of chloride. Measurements of fluoride concentration in the range 25-250 &micro;g l-1 were straightforward, with a relative standard deviation of about 2%. The lanthanum fluoride membrane electrode can, therefore, be used to check that PWR primary coolant is within the specified limit of 150 &micro;g l-1. The boric acid in the sample causes a bias in direct potentiometry for fluoride, but this can be corrected by a simple mathematical equation. Alternatively, the bias can be avoided by the use of known addition potentiometry. Fluoride electrodes deviate from the theoretical sensitivity below a concentration of about 25 &micro;g l-1, but still have ample sensitivity down to 1 &micro;g l-1. In this concentration range, however, the response is very slow, taking 40-120 min to reach equilibrium and there is considerable variation between individual electrodes.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '8',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 00:01:01',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => null,
			'pauthor' => 'Midgley, D.',
			'address' => 'NA',
			'email' => 'NA',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1039/an9851000841',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Determination of chloride and fluoride in boronated water', Analyst, 1985 110(7) 841-845',
			'firstchar' => 'D',
			'twochars' => 'De',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Matrix' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Keyword' => array([maximum depth reached])
		),
		(int) 10 => array(
			'id' => '007424',
			'authors' => 'Van Staden, J.F.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Jacobus F. van Staden',
			'title' => 'Electrodes in series. Simultaneous flow injection determination of chloride and pH with ion-selective electrodes',
			'journal' => 'Analyst',
			'journal_id' => '0864',
			'fadid' => 'ANAL1986V0111P01231',
			'year' => '1986',
			'volume' => '111',
			'issue' => '11',
			'startpage' => '1231',
			'endpage' => '1234',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;1780;',
			'matrices' => '',
			'techniques' => ';0181;0224;0290;0400;',
			'keywords' => ';0420;',
			'abstract' => 'A tubular flow-through Cl--selective cell (cf. Anal. Chim. Acta, 1986, 179, 407) and a micro-combination pH electrode and double-junction reference electrode with 10% KNO3 solution as the outer chamber filling solution were incorporated in series into a flow injection system. Aliquots (30 &micro;L) of solution (pH 3 to 10) containing 0.02 to 5.0 g L-1 of NaCl were injected at a rate of 60 samples h-1 into ionic-strength adjustment buffer (pH 7.6) containing 0.5 M KNO3 and 10 mM NaH2PO4. Rectilinear calibration graphs were achieved across the pH range, and the Cl- concentration. had no effect on pH measurement. Standard deviations of <1.5% for Cl- and 1% for pH measurement were achieved with the system.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '7',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 00:01:45',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '00328',
			'pauthor' => '!Van Staden, J.F.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1039/an9861101231',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Electrodes in series. Simultaneous flow injection determination of chloride and pH with ion-selective electrodes', Analyst, 1986 111(11) 1231-1234',
			'firstchar' => 'E',
			'twochars' => 'El',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 11 => array(
			'id' => '007498',
			'authors' => 'Hauser, P.C.;Tan, S.S.;Cardwell, T.J.;Cattrall, R.W.;Hamilton, I.C.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Peter C. Hauser, Susie S. Tan, Terence J. Cardwell, Robert W. Cattrall and Ian C. Hamilton',
			'title' => 'Versatile manifold for the simultaneous determination of ions in flow injection analysis',
			'journal' => 'Analyst',
			'journal_id' => '0864',
			'fadid' => 'ANAL1988V0113P01551',
			'year' => '1988',
			'volume' => '113',
			'issue' => '10',
			'startpage' => '1551',
			'endpage' => '1555',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';1936;0485;0205;0594;1588;1841;',
			'matrices' => ';0325;',
			'techniques' => ';0285;0290;0312;0322;0400;0493;',
			'keywords' => ';0173;0420;',
			'abstract' => 'A flow injection analysis system is described for the simultaneous determination in plant nutrient solution of K+, Ca(II), NO3- and Cl- by potentiometry, and NH4+ and PO43- by spectrophotometry. Diagrams of the manifold and the spectrophotometric transducer are given. Potentiometric measurements were made with PVC-based ion-selective membranes; the carrier stream was 0.2 M Na acetate buffer. Ammonium ion was determined by the gas diffusion method with use of cresol red and thymol blue. Absorbance was measured at 605 nm. The calibration graph covered the range from 0.5 to 25 mg L-1 as N. Phosphate was determined by the molybdenum blue method, with absorbance measurement at 820 nm; the calibration graph covered the range from 0.5 to 25 mg l-1. Results agreed well with expected values.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '14',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 00:03:52',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '00071',
			'pauthor' => '!Cardwell, T.J.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1039/an9881301551',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Versatile manifold for the simultaneous determination of ions in flow injection analysis', Analyst, 1988 113(10) 1551-1555',
			'firstchar' => 'V',
			'twochars' => 'Ve',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Matrix' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 12 => array(
			'id' => '007551',
			'authors' => 'Hara, H.;Mitani, O.;Okazaki, S.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Hirokazu Hara, Osamu Mitani and Satoshi Okazaki',
			'title' => 'Alternate sample/standard exchange method using a pair of identical ion-selective electrodes for the improvement of precision in an automated potentiometric analysis system',
			'journal' => 'Analyst',
			'journal_id' => '0864',
			'fadid' => 'ANAL1989V0114P00923',
			'year' => '1989',
			'volume' => '114',
			'issue' => '8',
			'startpage' => '923',
			'endpage' => '927',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => '',
			'matrices' => '',
			'techniques' => ';0400;0290;0312;',
			'keywords' => ';0044;',
			'abstract' => 'The use of an automated potentiometric analysis system with a pair of identical ion-selective electrodes as the detector is described. The sample and standard solutions were introduced simultaneously into the flow cell, which was equipped with a pair of identical ion-selective electrodes. The sample and standard streams were then exchanged with each other by using a four-way valve controlled by a microcomputer. The potential difference between the two electrodes was measured before and after switching of the four-way valve. Hence the effect of the potential shift of the ion-selective electrodes could theoretically be cancelled. The characteristics of the system were investigated by using nitrate or chloride ion-selective electrode pairs. A precision of <1% was achieved for five successive measurements when the sample concentration was close to that of the base standard solution.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '2',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 00:04:26',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => null,
			'pauthor' => 'NA',
			'address' => 'NA',
			'email' => 'NA',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1039/an9891400923',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Alternate sample/standard exchange method using a pair of identical ion-selective electrodes for the improvement of precision in an automated potentiometric analysis system', Analyst, 1989 114(8) 923-927',
			'firstchar' => 'A',
			'twochars' => 'Al',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array([maximum depth reached]),
			'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 13 => array(
			'id' => '007648',
			'authors' => 'Van Staden, J.F.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Jacobus F. van Staden',
			'title' => 'Comparison of the influence and contribution of the response times of coated open-tubular solid-state bromide- and chloride-selective electrodes on the analytical throughput (dispersion) in flow injection systems',
			'journal' => 'Analyst',
			'journal_id' => '0864',
			'fadid' => 'ANAL1992V0117P00051',
			'year' => '1992',
			'volume' => '117',
			'issue' => '1',
			'startpage' => '51',
			'endpage' => '56',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => '',
			'matrices' => '',
			'techniques' => ';0283;0290;',
			'keywords' => ';0302;0119;',
			'abstract' => 'The cited study was performed for 10 to 5000 mg L-1 of Br- and Cl-. For both electrodes the adsorption rate is independent of concentration. and does not contribute significantly to any decrease in the sampling rate, although the adsorption rate of the Cl-selective electrode in the system is slightly faster than the Br system. For both electrodes the desorption process is mainly responsible for the sampling rate obtained in an optimized flow injection ion-selective electrode system. An electrode memory of the Br-selective electrode is the main reason for the sampling rate of this system being lower than that obtained for a similar flow injection system with a Cl-selective electrode. An evaluation of the influence and contribution of the response times of coated open-tubular solid-state bromide- and chloride-selective electrodes on the anal. throughput (dispersion) in flow injection (FI) systems is presented using concentration ranges of 10^-5000 mg L-1 for bromide and chloride, respectively. For both electrodes the adsorption rate is independent of concentration. and does not contribute significantly to any decrease in the sampling rate, although the adsorption rate of the chloride-selective electrode in the FI system seems to be slightly faster than the bromide system. For both electrodes the desorption mechanism process is mainly responsible for the sampling rate obtained in an optimized FI-ion-selective electrode system. An electrode memory of the bromide-selective electrode is the main reason for the sampling rate of this system being lower than that obtained for a similar FI system with a chloride-selective electrode.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '4',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 08:32:27',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '00328',
			'pauthor' => '!Van Staden, J.F.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1039/an9921700051',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Comparison of the influence and contribution of the response times of coated open-tubular solid-state bromide- and chloride-selective electrodes on the analytical throughput (dispersion) in flow injection systems', Analyst, 1992 117(1) 51-56',
			'firstchar' => 'C',
			'twochars' => 'Co',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
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			)
		),
		(int) 14 => array(
			'id' => '007890',
			'authors' => 'Ferreira, I.M.P.L.V.O.;Lima, J.L.F.C.;Montenegro, M.C.B.S.M.;Perez Olmos, R.;Rios, A.',
			'authorsweb' => 'I. M. P. L. V. O. Ferreira, J. L. F. C. Lima, M. C. B. S. M. Montenegro, R. P&eacute;rez Olmos and A. Rios',
			'title' => 'Simultaneous assay of nitrite, nitrate and chloride in meat products by a flow injection method',
			'journal' => 'Analyst',
			'journal_id' => '0864',
			'fadid' => 'ANAL1996V0121P01393',
			'year' => '1996',
			'volume' => '121',
			'issue' => '10',
			'startpage' => '1393',
			'endpage' => '1396',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;1588;1592;',
			'matrices' => ';0715;0723;',
			'techniques' => ';0400;0290;0224;',
			'keywords' => ';0379;0054;0393;',
			'abstract' => 'Sample was homogenized and extracted with hot water and the extract was purified and filtered. A portion (100 &micro;L) of the filtrate was injected into a carrier stream (2.9 ml/min) of 50 mM Na2SO4/0.02 mM NaCl of a flow injection manifold (schematic shown). Chloride (I) was determined potentiometrically a tubular ISE (cf. Ferreira et al., Fresenius' J. Anal. Chem., 1993, 374, 314). The carrier was mixed with a buffer stream (0.5 ml/min) of NH4Cl/sodium tetraborate/Na2EDTA and split into two. One stream passed through a Cd/Cu column to reduce nitrate (II) to nitrite (III). The two streams subsequently passed through a confluence point and were mixed a reagent stream (1 ml/min) of acidified sulfanilamide/N-(1-naphthyl)ethylenediamine dihydrochloride and the absorbance was measured (wavelength not given). As each channel had a different residence time, two peaks were obtained, one for nitrite III and one for total N: II was measured by difference. The calibration graphs were linear from 0.01-0.1 M I, up to 104 ppm II and from 0.03-0.2 ppm III. RSD (n = 10) were 2.5, 0.7 and 1.1%, respectively, for I, II and III.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '12',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 09:30:58',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => null,
			'pauthor' => 'NA',
			'address' => 'NA',
			'email' => 'NA',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1039/an9962101393',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Simultaneous assay of nitrite, nitrate and chloride in meat products by a flow injection method', Analyst, 1996 121(10) 1393-1396',
			'firstchar' => 'S',
			'twochars' => 'Si',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
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				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 15 => array(
			'id' => '007971',
			'authors' => 'Alvares Ribeiro, L.M.B.C.;Machado, A.A.S.C.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Luis M. B. C. &Aacute;lvares-Ribeiro and Ad&eacute;lio A. S. C. Machado',
			'title' => 'Optimization of a bipotentiometric flow injection analysis system for simultaneous determination of calcium and chloride ions in natural waters',
			'journal' => 'Analyst',
			'journal_id' => '0864',
			'fadid' => 'ANAL1998V0123P00653',
			'year' => '1998',
			'volume' => '123',
			'issue' => '4',
			'startpage' => '653',
			'endpage' => '659',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0485;0594;',
			'matrices' => ';0372;',
			'techniques' => ';0017;0285;0290;',
			'keywords' => ';0418;0302;0441;0258;0217;',
			'abstract' => 'Experimental optimization using the modified simplex method of a bipotentiometric flow injection analysis (FIA) system, constituted by two different ion selective electrodes (ISE) placed in series, for the simultaneous determination of Ca2+ and Cl- in water is reported. The response function used was a weighted linear combination of three variables, chosen to achieve maximization of the Ca2+ electrode sensitivity, minimization of the interference of the Ca2+ signal on the Cl- response, and maximization of the sampling rate. The optimized system can determine Ca2+ from 5 x 10^-5 to 5 x 10^-3 mol/L with a sensitivity of ~27 mV/decade and Cl- from 2 x 10^-4 to 2 x 10^-2 mol/L (the max. value tested), with a sensitivity of ~55 mV/decade. Repeatability was 1.9 and 0.6%, respectively, at 2 x 10^-4 and 2.2 x 10^-3 mol/L (8 and 90 mg/L), for Ca2+ determinations, and 1.8 and 1.2%, respectively, at 3.4 x 10^-4 and 8.3 x 10^-4 mol/L (12 and 29 mg/L), for Cl- determinations A sampling rate of 40/h was obtained. The affect of ionic strength on the results is discussed. The relative accuracy of the bipotentiometric FIA system was demonstrated by determining the content of both ions in natural water in parallel with ASTM certified methods.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '11',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 09:52:00',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '01134',
			'pauthor' => '!Machado, A.A.S.C.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1039/a708289d',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Optimization of a bipotentiometric flow injection analysis system for simultaneous determination of calcium and chloride ions in natural waters', Analyst, 1998 123(4) 653-659',
			'firstchar' => 'O',
			'twochars' => 'Op',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Matrix' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 16 => array(
			'id' => '008879',
			'authors' => 'Ilcheva, L.K.;Cammann, K.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Liliana Ilcheva and Karl Cammann',
			'title' => 'Flow injection analysis of chloride in tap and sewage water using ion-selective electrode detection',
			'journal' => 'Fresenius J. Anal. Chem.',
			'journal_id' => '0944',
			'fadid' => 'FJAC1985V0322P00323',
			'year' => '1985',
			'volume' => '322',
			'issue' => '3',
			'startpage' => '323',
			'endpage' => '326',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;',
			'matrices' => ';1069;1057;',
			'techniques' => ';0159;0290;',
			'keywords' => ';0217;',
			'abstract' => 'Tap-water or sewage water was analyzed by flow injection analysis with injection into the carrier stream (1.5 mL min-1) of 0.1 M KNO3, which flowed down a vertically suspended strip of filter-paper connected to a single-crystal AgCl membrane electrode and a double-junction reference electrode. Sixty samples h-1 could be analyzed and no serious interference was observed from S2-, I- or Br-. The limit of detection was 10 &micro;M-Cl- and the coefficient of variation were 5 and 10% at >100 and 10 &micro;M, respectively.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '11',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 00:20:16',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '00901',
			'pauthor' => '!Cammann, K.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1007/BF00490916',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Flow injection analysis of chloride in tap and sewage water using ion-selective electrode detection', Fresenius J. Anal. Chem., 1985 322(3) 323-326',
			'firstchar' => 'F',
			'twochars' => 'Fl',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Matrix' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 17 => array(
			'id' => '008889',
			'authors' => 'Ilcheva, L.K.;Cammann, K.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Liliana Ilcheva and Karl Cammann   ',
			'title' => 'Simple, selective and sensitive liquid chromatographic or flow injection detector for chloro-organic compounds based on ion-selective electrodes',
			'journal' => 'Fresenius J. Anal. Chem.',
			'journal_id' => '0944',
			'fadid' => 'FJAC1986V0325P00011',
			'year' => '1986',
			'volume' => '325',
			'issue' => '1',
			'startpage' => '11',
			'endpage' => '14',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0598;',
			'matrices' => '',
			'techniques' => ';0038;0290;',
			'keywords' => '',
			'abstract' => 'The Cl- liberated by the electrolytic decomposition of chloroacetone (I) and the decomposition of I and 1-chloro-4-nitrobenzene by UV radiation was determined by using the detector of Ilcheva and Cammann (Ibid., 1985, 322, 323). The detection limit was in the nmol range. In the analysis of 50 &micro;L of a 1 mM solution of Cl compound the coefficient of variation was ~5%. The detector, which can also be used to determine Br-, I- and S2- by using an appropriate ion-selective electrode, may be useful in LC.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '3',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 00:20:27',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '00901',
			'pauthor' => '!Cammann, K.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1007/BF00983396',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Simple, selective and sensitive liquid chromatographic or flow injection detector for chloro-organic compounds based on ion-selective electrodes', Fresenius J. Anal. Chem., 1986 325(1) 11-14',
			'firstchar' => 'S',
			'twochars' => 'Si',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]),
			'Keyword' => array([maximum depth reached])
		),
		(int) 18 => array(
			'id' => '008906',
			'authors' => 'Van Staden, J.F.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Jacobus F. van Staden',
			'title' => 'Online quality control in concentrated hydrochloric acid production plants. Flow injection determination of hydrochloric acid content in concentrated hydrochloric acid by automated pre-valve dilution and a coated tubular solid-state chloride-selective ele',
			'journal' => 'Fresenius J. Anal. Chem.',
			'journal_id' => '0944',
			'fadid' => 'FJAC1987V0328P00068',
			'year' => '1987',
			'volume' => '328',
			'issue' => '1-2',
			'startpage' => '68',
			'endpage' => '70',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';1188;',
			'matrices' => ';0644;',
			'techniques' => ';0224;0290;0400;',
			'keywords' => ';0258;',
			'abstract' => 'Diluted samples (30 &micro;L) are mixed with 1 M KNO3 as carrier solution for determination at a flow-through tubular indicator electrode, used in conjunction with an Orion 90-02 double-junction reference electrode with 10% KNO3 as outer chamber filling solution The sampling rate is 60 h-1. The construction, preparation and conditioning of the electrode are similar to a previously described procedure (Anal. Chim. Acta, 1986, 179, 407). The method is applied to samples containing 9 to 38% of HCl. Results for this method agree well with those obtained by using the Na2CO3 and Volhard titration procedures. The coefficient of variation for samples of different HCl content is <0.6% (n = 15).',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '9',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 00:20:49',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '00328',
			'pauthor' => '!Van Staden, J.F.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1007/BF00560951',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Online quality control in concentrated hydrochloric acid production plants. Flow injection determination of hydrochloric acid content in concentrated hydrochloric acid by automated pre-valve dilution and a coated tubular solid-state chloride-selective ele', Fresenius J. Anal. Chem., 1987 328(1-2) 68-70',
			'firstchar' => 'O',
			'twochars' => 'On',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Matrix' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 19 => array(
			'id' => '008907',
			'authors' => 'Ilcheva, L.;Trojanowicz, M.A.;Krawczynski Vel Krawczyk, T.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Liliana Ilcheva, Marek Trojanowicz and Tadeusz Krawczynski vel Krawczyk',
			'title' => 'Effect of addition of main ion to carrier solution in potentiometric flow injection measurements with solid state ion-selective electrodes',
			'journal' => 'Fresenius J. Anal. Chem.',
			'journal_id' => '0944',
			'fadid' => 'FJAC1987V0328P00027',
			'year' => '1987',
			'volume' => '328',
			'issue' => '1-2',
			'startpage' => '27',
			'endpage' => '32',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0982;0594;1275;0684;',
			'matrices' => '',
			'techniques' => ';0238;0290;0295;0298;0303;0400;',
			'keywords' => ';0401;0464;',
			'abstract' => 'Flow injection measurements were made by using a flow-through cup (described and illustrated) and Cl--, F--, I-- and Cu(II)-selective electrodes. The addition of the main ion to the carrier solution to create a constant background level of main ion produces a significant improvement in response for the F-- and I--selective electrodes. However, a very slow return of the potential value to the baseline is observed for I- measurements; this is attributable to the slow desorption of I- from the electrode surface. The super-Nernstian slope observed for the F-- and Cu(II)-selective electrodes in the absence of F- or Cu(II) in the carrier solution decreased to Nernstian values in the presence of the ions in the carrier solution',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '27',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 00:20:46',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '00320',
			'pauthor' => '!Trojanowicz, M.A.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1007/BF00560942',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Effect of addition of main ion to carrier solution in potentiometric flow injection measurements with solid state ion-selective electrodes', Fresenius J. Anal. Chem., 1987 328(1-2) 27-32',
			'firstchar' => 'E',
			'twochars' => 'Ef',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 20 => array(
			'id' => '008965',
			'authors' => 'Frenzel, W.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Wolfgang Frenzel',
			'title' => 'Application of flow injection potentiometry to the determination of chloride in various matrices',
			'journal' => 'Fresenius J. Anal. Chem.',
			'journal_id' => '0944',
			'fadid' => 'FJAC1989V0335P00931',
			'year' => '1989',
			'volume' => '335',
			'issue' => '8',
			'startpage' => '931',
			'endpage' => '937',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;',
			'matrices' => ';1069;0390;0511;0667;',
			'techniques' => ';0216;0290;0400;',
			'keywords' => ';0401;0109;0302;',
			'abstract' => 'Chloride-selective electrodes were prepared from silver tubes (1 cm x 0.3 to 1.0 mm i.d.); the inner wall was coated with AgCl. Behaviour under steady-state and flow injection conditions was studied and the influence of system parameters on sensitivity, detection limit, response time and sample throughput was discussed. Sample throughput was 60 to 200 h-1. The calibration graph was rectilinear from 0.1 to 10,000 mg L-1 of Cl-, with a detection limit of 0.01 mg L-1 and a coefficient of variation of 1%. The method was applied in the analysis of tap and mineral water, emission control of HCl and the determination of Cl- in silicon nitride.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '15',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 00:22:09',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '00154',
			'pauthor' => '!Frenzel, W.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1007/BF00466385',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Application of flow injection potentiometry to the determination of chloride in various matrices', Fresenius J. Anal. Chem., 1989 335(8) 931-937',
			'firstchar' => 'A',
			'twochars' => 'Ap',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Matrix' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 21 => array(
			'id' => '008979',
			'authors' => 'Van Staden, J.F.;Van Rensburg, A.',
			'authorsweb' => 'J. F. van Staden and A. van Rensburg',
			'title' => 'Three component flow injection analysis with online dialysis. Simultaneous determination of free calcium, total calcium and total chloride in milk by flow injection analysis and online dialysis',
			'journal' => 'Fresenius J. Anal. Chem.',
			'journal_id' => '0944',
			'fadid' => 'FJAC1990V0337P00393',
			'year' => '1990',
			'volume' => '337',
			'issue' => '4',
			'startpage' => '393',
			'endpage' => '397',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0485;',
			'matrices' => ';0007;',
			'techniques' => ';0452;0290;',
			'keywords' => ';0111;0420;0217;',
			'abstract' => 'Milk (30 &micro;L) samples (at 1 sample per min) are directed to three different channels by the use of two dialysers in series. For the determination of free Ca, interference is eliminated by using the first dialyser (which also separates total and free Ca) and determination is by spectrophotometry at 580 nm. For the determination of total Ca by AAS at 422.7 nm, interference from phosphate is overcome by the use of N2O - acetylene flame with the necessary suppression with K ions. The second dialyser in series is used to eliminate interferences (e.g., from casein) before dialysed Cl is measured with a coated tubular chloride-selective electrode. The coefficient of variation for 110 to 170 mg L-1 of free Ca, 1000 to 1500 mg L-1 of total Ca and 1000 to 1800 mg L-1 of total Cl were >0.4, 1.0 and 0.3, respectively. This method compared with existing manual methods is faster, more accurate and reliable, and uses a single series of Ca standards for both total and free Ca determination.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '13',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 00:38:25',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '00328',
			'pauthor' => '!Van Staden, J.F.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1007/BF00322218',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Three component flow injection analysis with online dialysis. Simultaneous determination of free calcium, total calcium and total chloride in milk by flow injection analysis and online dialysis', Fresenius J. Anal. Chem., 1990 337(4) 393-397',
			'firstchar' => 'T',
			'twochars' => 'Th',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
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				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 22 => array(
			'id' => '009086',
			'authors' => 'Altunbulduk, T.;Meier zu Koecker, H.;Frenzel, W.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Tahir Altunbulduk, Heinz Meier zu K&ouml;cker and Wolfgang Frenzel',
			'title' => 'Studies on the elimination of sulfide interference in the potentiometric determination of chloride using ion selective electrodes in a flow injection system',
			'journal' => 'Fresenius J. Anal. Chem.',
			'journal_id' => '0944',
			'fadid' => 'FJAC1995V0351P00593',
			'year' => '1995',
			'volume' => '351',
			'issue' => '7',
			'startpage' => '593',
			'endpage' => '598',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;',
			'matrices' => '',
			'techniques' => ';0290;0400;',
			'keywords' => ';0217;',
			'abstract' => 'Detailed investigations have been reported on the application of a common procedure using bromate in nitric acid for the removal of the interference of sulfide in the direct potentiometric determination of chloride using silver-based ion selective electrodes in a flow injection system. It is shown that this procedure is not very efficient and carries a high risk of chloride underestimation. With increasing levels of sulfide the oxidation of chloride to elemental chlorine becomes progressively significant and under certain circumstances virtually no chloride is left irrespective of its initial concentration. Hydrogen peroxide in alkaline medium is proposed as a suitable alternative for the efficient removal of sulfide without any adverse effects on the potentiometric method.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '10',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 09:19:41',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '00154',
			'pauthor' => '!Frenzel, W.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1007/BF00323331',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Studies on the elimination of sulfide interference in the potentiometric determination of chloride using ion selective electrodes in a flow injection system', Fresenius J. Anal. Chem., 1995 351(7) 593-598',
			'firstchar' => 'S',
			'twochars' => 'St',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
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		),
		(int) 23 => array(
			'id' => '009565',
			'authors' => 'Van Staden, J.F.',
			'authorsweb' => 'NA',
			'title' => 'Flow injection analysis of chloride in milk with a dialyzer and a coated tubular inorganic chloride-selective electrode',
			'journal' => 'Anal. Lett.',
			'journal_id' => '0820',
			'fadid' => 'ANLE1986V0019P01407',
			'year' => '1986',
			'volume' => '19',
			'issue' => '13&14',
			'startpage' => '1407',
			'endpage' => '1419',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;',
			'matrices' => ';0007;',
			'techniques' => ';0224;0290;',
			'keywords' => ';0111;0217;0258;0302;',
			'abstract' => 'A flow injection analysis system is described (manifold and flow diagram given), whereby samples (30 &micro;L) are introduced into a carrier stream (3.9 mL min-1) of 1 M KNO3 and pumped through a dialyser (16 cm x 3 cm x 2.5 cm) to remove interfering compounds. The dialysed Cl- in the recipient stream (as for carrier stream) is measured with a coated tubular flow-through Cl--selective electrode. The optimization and performance of the system are discussed and the results for the analysis of 10 milk samples are compared with those obtained by the Volhard titration method. For 30 &micro;L samples containing 0.25 to 5.0 g L-1 of Cl-, the coefficient of variation are <0.5% (n = 15).',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '2007-03-29 17:05:38',
			'hits' => '8',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 00:06:14',
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			'pauthor_id' => '00328',
			'pauthor' => '!Van Staden, J.F.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1080/00032718608069115',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Flow injection analysis of chloride in milk with a dialyzer and a coated tubular inorganic chloride-selective electrode', Anal. Lett., 1986 19(13&14) 1407-1419',
			'firstchar' => 'F',
			'twochars' => 'Fl',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
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		(int) 24 => array(
			'id' => '009931',
			'authors' => 'Alpizar, J.;Crespi, A.;Cladera, A.;Forteza, R.;Cerda, V.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Jes&uacute;s Alp&iacute;zar, Antonio Cresp&iacute;, Andreu Cladera, Rafael Forteza, V&iacute;ctor Cerd&agrave;',
			'title' => 'Simultaneous determination of chloride and fluoride ions in waters by sequential injection analysis',
			'journal' => 'Electroanalysis',
			'journal_id' => '1003',
			'fadid' => 'ELAN1996V0008P01051',
			'year' => '1996',
			'volume' => '8',
			'issue' => '11',
			'startpage' => '1051',
			'endpage' => '1054',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;0982;',
			'matrices' => ';1069;',
			'techniques' => ';0400;0218;0290;0298;',
			'keywords' => ';0404;0258;0446;',
			'abstract' => 'A sequential injection analysis (SIA) system was developed, based on chloride (I)-selective and fluoride (II)-selective electrodes placed in series, in conjunction with a Ag/AgCl reference electrode (diagram given). Water samples (0.2 ml) were subjected to SIA, sandwiched between 0.4 mL and 3.8 mL cyclohexane-1,2-diamine-NNN'N'-tetra-acetic acid as total ionic strength adjustment buffer, at a flow-rate of 4 ml/min and with potentiometric detection. Calibration graphs were linear from 20-500 &micro;g/ml I and 0.5-200 &micro;g/ml II. The RSD (n = 20) were 1% for 50 &micro;g/ml I and 3.7% for 1 &micro;g/ml II. Stopped-flow detection did not improve the results. The method was applied to potable water samples. The I results generally agreed with those obtained using a batch method and the Mohr method. Recoveries of II from spiked tap water were 92-109%.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '26',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 14:11:23',
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			'pauthor_id' => '00077',
			'pauthor' => '!Cerda, V.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1002/elan.1140081113',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Simultaneous determination of chloride and fluoride ions in waters by sequential injection analysis', Electroanalysis, 1996 8(11) 1051-1054',
			'firstchar' => 'S',
			'twochars' => 'Si',
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			)
		),
		(int) 25 => array(
			'id' => '009973',
			'authors' => 'Alexander, P.W.;Dimitrakopoulos, T.;Hibbert, D.B.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Peter W. Alexander*, Telis Dimitrakopoulos, D. Brynn Hibbert',
			'title' => 'A six sensor array of coated-wire electrodes for use in a portable flow injection analyzer',
			'journal' => 'Electroanalysis',
			'journal_id' => '1003',
			'fadid' => 'ELAN1998V0010P00707',
			'year' => '1998',
			'volume' => '10',
			'issue' => '10',
			'startpage' => '707',
			'endpage' => '712',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;0205;0485;1780;1588;1936;',
			'matrices' => ';1079;',
			'techniques' => ';0060;0290;0127;0400;',
			'keywords' => ';0258;',
			'abstract' => 'An array of 5 photo-cured epoxydiacrylate membrane electrodes incorporating ionophores and a Ag/AgCl wire electrode used as a chloride sensor were all used simultaneously in a previously reported multielectrode flow cell and in a portable flow injection analyzer described by P. Alexander et al. (1996). Photo-cured coated-wire electrodes for NH4+, Ca2+, H+ (pH), NO3-, and K+ and Ag/AgCl wire-based chloride electrode were developed for remote-site monitoring. The photo-cured membranes prepared exhibited strong adhesion to the metal substrate and showed improved mech. strength compared to PVC-based membranes. Each sensor in the present electrode-array exhibited near-Nernstian response over a log-linear range from 0.1-10 mM with detection limits of 0.01 mM in the flow injection potentiometric mode. The flow injection cell was capable of determining the respectively. ions in various water samples and the results were in good agreement with comparative anal. methods.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '30',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 14:12:37',
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			'pauthor_id' => '00008',
			'pauthor' => '!Alexander, P.W.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1002/(SICI)1521-4109(199808)10:10<707::AID-ELAN707>3.3.CO;2-M',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''A six sensor array of coated-wire electrodes for use in a portable flow injection analyzer', Electroanalysis, 1998 10(10) 707-712',
			'firstchar' => 'A',
			'twochars' => 'A ',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
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			),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 26 => array(
			'id' => '011780',
			'authors' => 'Trojanowicz, M.A.;Hulanicki, A.;Matuszewski, W.;Fuksiewicz, A.;Hulanicka Michalak, T.;Raszewski, S.;Szyller, J.;Augustyniak, W.',
			'authorsweb' => 'NA',
			'title' => 'Microprocessor-controlled flow injection system with potentiometric detection',
			'journal' => 'Chem. Anal.',
			'journal_id' => '0977',
			'fadid' => 'CHAN1987V0032P00709',
			'year' => '1987',
			'volume' => '32',
			'issue' => '5',
			'startpage' => '709',
			'endpage' => '721',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;1936;',
			'matrices' => ';0562;0372;',
			'techniques' => ';0290;0322;0400;',
			'keywords' => ';0044;0090;',
			'abstract' => 'A system is described for automated flow injection analysis with potentiometric ion-selective electrode detection. The system was tested for determination of Cl- in natural waters and of K in rock salt.',
			'language' => 'Polish',
			'updated' => '2014-10-23 20:46:01',
			'sjccheck' => 'No',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '0',
			'urlcheck' => '2006-05-20 18:55:53',
			'urlcheckcode' => '',
			'pauthor_id' => '00320',
			'pauthor' => '!Trojanowicz, M.A.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => 'NA SJC 102314',
			'url' => 'NA',
			'urltype' => 'NA',
			'gotpdf' => 'no',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Microprocessor-controlled flow injection system with potentiometric detection', Chem. Anal., 1987 32(5) 709-721',
			'firstchar' => 'M',
			'twochars' => 'Mi',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
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				[maximum depth reached]
			),
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			),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 27 => array(
			'id' => '012297',
			'authors' => 'Lapa, R.A.S.;Lima, J.L.F.C.;Barrado, E.;Vela, H.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Lapa, Rui A. S.; Lima, Jose L. F. C.; Barrado, Enrique; Vela, Henar',
			'title' => 'Potentiometric determination of chloride in parenteral and haemodialysis solutions by FIA',
			'journal' => 'Il Farmaco',
			'journal_id' => '1171',
			'fadid' => 'FARM1997V0052P00127',
			'year' => '1997',
			'volume' => '52',
			'issue' => '2',
			'startpage' => '127',
			'endpage' => '130',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;',
			'matrices' => ';0142;0149;',
			'techniques' => ';0400;0290;',
			'keywords' => ';0111;0258;',
			'abstract' => 'To determine chloride in parenteral solutions, sample (200 &micro;L) was injected into a stream (4 ml/min) of 0.1 M KNO3/0.1 mM NaCl for 50-fold dilution prior to merging with a similar carrier stream. The flow passed through a mixing coil (50 cm) prior to potentiometric detection using a tubular chloride ISE based on a homogenous crystalline membrane. To determine chloride in haemodialysis solution a similar manifold was used, but with passage through a dialysis unit which enabled 200-fold dilutions to be performed to adjust the sample to within the linear range of the ISE, (0.1 mM to 0.2M). The dialysis solution was 0.1 M KNO3/0.1 mM NaCl. Recoveries were >=97% and RSD were 1.8-5.3%. Results agreed with those obtained using conventional methodology.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'No',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '0',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-24 19:38:33',
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			'pauthor_id' => null,
			'pauthor' => 'NA',
			'address' => 'NA',
			'email' => 'NA',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => 'eurekamag.com/research/003/237/003237392.php',
			'urltype' => 'absurl',
			'gotpdf' => 'no',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Potentiometric determination of chloride in parenteral and haemodialysis solutions by FIA', Il Farmaco, 1997 52(2) 127-130',
			'firstchar' => 'P',
			'twochars' => 'Po',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
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				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 28 => array(
			'id' => '012533',
			'authors' => 'Zhang, Q.;Yu, Z.;Gao, Z.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Zhang Qing, Yu Zhenan and Gao Zhan',
			'title' => 'Ion-selective electrode - flow injection analysis for chlorine in water',
			'journal' => 'Fenxi Shiyanshi',
			'journal_id' => '0881',
			'fadid' => 'FXSS1986V0005P00014',
			'year' => '1986',
			'volume' => '5',
			'issue' => '6',
			'startpage' => '14',
			'endpage' => '16',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0597;',
			'matrices' => ';0372;',
			'techniques' => ';0290;',
			'keywords' => '',
			'abstract' => 'By using the described method 100 samples can be analyzed in 1 h; 1 &micro;L of sample is required. The working range is 3 to 100 ppm of Cl, and the detection limit is 0.1 ppm. The coefficient of variation was 1.3%. The results showed good agreement with those obtained by a chemical method.',
			'language' => 'Chinese',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '2013-10-19 04:00:00',
			'hits' => '0',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-13 17:51:10',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 200 OK',
			'pauthor_id' => null,
			'pauthor' => 'NA',
			'address' => '1) and 2) Department of Chemistry, North-East Institute of Technology and 3) Institute of Forestry and Soil Sciences, Acadimia Sinica',
			'email' => 'NA',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => 'en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTotal-FXSY198606005.htm',
			'urltype' => 'absurl',
			'gotpdf' => 'no',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Ion-selective electrode - flow injection analysis for chlorine in water', Fenxi Shiyanshi, 1986 5(6) 14-16',
			'firstchar' => 'I',
			'twochars' => 'Io',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Matrix' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Keyword' => array([maximum depth reached])
		),
		(int) 29 => array(
			'id' => '012793',
			'authors' => 'Gao, Z.;Lu, M.Y.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Gao Zhan; Lu Mingyuan',
			'title' => 'Flow injection analysis by ion-selective electrodes, a detachable solid membrane chloride ion-selective electrode used in the determination of chloride in soil water extracts',
			'journal' => 'Huanjing Kexue',
			'journal_id' => '0888',
			'fadid' => 'HJKX1981V0002P00376',
			'year' => '1981',
			'volume' => '2',
			'issue' => '5',
			'startpage' => '376',
			'endpage' => '380',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;',
			'matrices' => ';0363;1079;',
			'techniques' => ';0290;',
			'keywords' => ';0258;',
			'abstract' => 'The flow injection mol. determine the Cl- contents at 10^-3 - 10^-1 M in leachates with volume >10 mL with relative standard deviations 1-2%. The response potentials 50-150 mV are linearly related to Cl- concentrations <10-3 - 1 x 10^-1 M. For leachate samples containing Cl-, the method yields Cl- contents 0.12 and 0.98% compared to 0.14 and 0.92% determined by a volumetric method.',
			'language' => 'Chinese',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '2013-12-17 05:00:00',
			'hits' => '0',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-13 09:57:16',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 200 OK',
			'pauthor_id' => null,
			'pauthor' => 'NA',
			'address' => 'Inst. For. Soil, Acad. Sin, Peop. Rep. China',
			'email' => 'NA',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => 'www.hjkx.ac.cn/hjkx/ch/reader/create_pdf.aspx?file_no=19810514&flag=1&journal_id=hjkx&year_id=1981',
			'urltype' => 'pdfurl',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Flow injection analysis by ion-selective electrodes, a detachable solid membrane chloride ion-selective electrode used in the determination of chloride in soil water extracts', Huanjing Kexue, 1981 2(5) 376-380',
			'firstchar' => 'F',
			'twochars' => 'Fl',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
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				[maximum depth reached]
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				[maximum depth reached]
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		),
		(int) 30 => array(
			'id' => '012954',
			'authors' => 'Ilcheva, L.;Yanakiev, R.',
			'authorsweb' => 'NA',
			'title' => 'Influence of some parameters on membrane selectivity in flow injection potentiometry',
			'journal' => 'Izv. Khim.',
			'journal_id' => '0531',
			'fadid' => 'IZPK1990V0023P00167',
			'year' => '1990',
			'volume' => '23',
			'issue' => '2',
			'startpage' => '167',
			'endpage' => '171',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;',
			'matrices' => ';0397;',
			'techniques' => ';0290;0400;',
			'keywords' => ';0399;0253;0217;0440;',
			'abstract' => 'Selectivity coefficient >1 of commercial Cl--, Br-- and NO3--selective electrodes towards various interfering species in conventional potentiometry can be considerably improved if the electrodes are used as sensors in flow injection analysis. The selectivity can be further improved by increasing the carrier-stream flow rate, decreasing the injection volume, and use of the method of standard additions. The interference from 0.6 mM Br- was thereby overcome when determining ~0.1 to 0.2 M Cl- in seawater by the flow injection technique with a Cl--selective electrode.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:11:09',
			'sjccheck' => 'No',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '0',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-27 09:10:02',
			'urlcheckcode' => '',
			'pauthor_id' => null,
			'pauthor' => 'NA',
			'address' => 'NA',
			'email' => 'NA',
			'notes' => 'NA SJC 102714',
			'url' => 'NA',
			'urltype' => 'NA',
			'gotpdf' => 'no',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Influence of some parameters on membrane selectivity in flow injection potentiometry', Izv. Khim., 1990 23(2) 167-171',
			'firstchar' => 'I',
			'twochars' => 'In',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
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				[maximum depth reached]
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			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
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		),
		(int) 31 => array(
			'id' => '013010',
			'authors' => 'Ylasov, Y.G.;Ermolenko, Y.E.;Popov, I.A.;El'Marug, S.Y.;Khoroshev, V.G.;Kolodnikov, V.V.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Yu. G. Vlasov, Yu. E. Ermolenko, I. A. Popov, S. Yu. El'- Marug, V. G. Khoroshev, and V. V. Kolodnikov',
			'title' => 'Flow injection analysis of natural waters with a chloride-selective electrode',
			'journal' => 'J. Anal. Chem.',
			'journal_id' => '0798',
			'fadid' => 'JACU1997V0052P00081',
			'year' => '1997',
			'volume' => '52',
			'issue' => '1',
			'startpage' => '81',
			'endpage' => '84',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;',
			'matrices' => ';0372;',
			'techniques' => ';0290;',
			'keywords' => ';0043;',
			'abstract' => 'A chloride ISE with polycrystalline membranes based on AgCl and Ag2S (USSR Inventor's Certificate No. 630576, Byull. Izobret., 1977, number 40) was used in conjunction with a AgCl2 EVL-IM3 reference electrode for the FIA of water samples (0.5-2 ml). The carrier was 0.01 M KNO3 and the volume of the electrode cell was 0.5 mL. At the optimal flow rate (25 ml/min) the detection limit was 20 &micro;M-chloride. The method was applicable to the determination of 1-350 mg/l chloride. RSD were 3-8%.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:11:09',
			'sjccheck' => 'No',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '14',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-23 18:46:04',
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			'pauthor_id' => null,
			'pauthor' => 'NA',
			'address' => 'St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab. 7/9, St. Petersburg, 199034 Russia',
			'email' => 'NA',
			'notes' => 'Not available on springer',
			'url' => 'elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=13258010',
			'urltype' => 'absurl',
			'gotpdf' => 'no',
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			'citation' => ''Flow injection analysis of natural waters with a chloride-selective electrode', J. Anal. Chem., 1997 52(1) 81-84',
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			'title' => 'Sorption preconcentration and flow injection determination of cadmium',
			'journal' => 'J. Anal. Chem.',
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			'fadid' => 'JACU1998V0053P00796',
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			'citation' => ''Sorption preconcentration and flow injection determination of cadmium', J. Anal. Chem., 1998 53(9) 796-799',
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			'title' => 'Flow injection analysis of chloride by use of a flow-through type chloride ion-selective electrode and correlation with JIS method',
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			'journal_id' => '0776',
			'fadid' => 'JFIA1989V0006P00144',
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			'title' => 'Flow injection analysis of chloride ion in water using ion-selective electrode',
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			'title' => 'Application of flow injection analysis for the determination of chloride extracted from corroded iron artifacts',
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			'abstract' => 'Mediaeval iron rivets were immersed in a bath of 0.05 M NaOH - 0.5 M Na2SO4 at 64&deg;C. The extracted Cl- was determined in a system (illustrated) in which the flow-through component was arranged in a two-line configuration and contained the indicating Cl--sensitive electrode and a constant-potential reference electrode. A calibration graph, prepared by using standard solution containing 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200 or 500 ppm of Cl- and different amounts of NaOH and Na2SO4, was rectilinear for >30 ppm of Cl-, but determinations of 5 to 30 ppm of Cl- by using the curved part of the graph could also be achieved. Fifty samples could be analyzed in 1 h under optimum conditions.',
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Dispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/Cake/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 200
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"Potentiometric Flow Injection Determination Of Chloride"
Anal. Chim. Acta 1983 Volume 151, Issue 1 Pages 77-84

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		'authors' => 'Trojanowicz, M.A.;Matuszewski, W.',
		'authorsweb' => 'Marek Trojanowicz and Wojciech Matuszewski',
		'title' => 'Potentiometric flow injection determination of chloride',
		'journal' => 'Anal. Chim. Acta',
		'journal_id' => '0584',
		'fadid' => 'ANCA1983V0151P00077',
		'year' => '1983',
		'volume' => '151',
		'issue' => '1',
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		'endpage' => '84',
		'type' => 'Journal Article',
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		'matrices' => ';0395;',
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		'keywords' => ';0119;',
		'abstract' => 'A Cl--selective electrode was prepared from a silver - AgCl electrode by surface oxidation of the silver in 0.5 M FeCl3. A double-junction SCE with a 1 M NH4NO3 bridge was the reference electrode. In the low concentration. range (15 to 50 &micro;M), the Cl- concentration. was directly proportional to the electrode potential. In the Nernstian response region, the dispersion in the flow system influenced the lower limit of the rectilinear calibration range whereas in the sub-Nernstian region it influenced the slope of the electrode response curve. The method was applied in the determination of Cl- in river water. The results agreed well with those obtained by titration, with standard deviations of ~1.5 mg L-1 at the level of 40 mg l-1',
		'language' => 'English',
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		'citation' => ''Potentiometric flow injection determination of chloride', Anal. Chim. Acta, 1983 151(1) 77-84',
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		'id' => '0290',
		'label' => 'Electrode',
		'level1' => 'Electrode',
		'level2' => 'ion selective',
		'level3' => 'chloride',
		'level4' => '',
		'level5' => '',
		'synonyms' => 'Ion selective electrode,ISE',
		'champ' => '',
		'total' => '37',
		'updated' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
		'name' => 'Electrode, ion selective, chloride',
		'nametotal' => 'Electrode, ion selective, chloride**37',
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			'id' => '000403',
			'authors' => 'Andrade Eiroa, A.;Erustes, J.A.;Forteza, R.;Cerda, V.;Lima, J.L.F.C.',
			'authorsweb' => 'A. Andrade-Eiroa, J. A. Erustes, R. Forteza, V. Cerd&aacute; and J. L. F. C. Lima',
			'title' => 'Determination of chloride by multisyringe flow injection analysis and sequential injection analysis with potentiometric detection',
			'journal' => 'Anal. Chim. Acta',
			'journal_id' => '0584',
			'fadid' => 'ANCA2002V0467P00025',
			'year' => '2002',
			'volume' => '467',
			'issue' => '1-2',
			'startpage' => '25',
			'endpage' => '33',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;',
			'matrices' => ';1069;0390;1062;',
			'techniques' => ';0400;0290;',
			'keywords' => ';0530;0258;0404;',
			'abstract' => 'This paper reports for the first time a multisyringe flow injection analysis (MSFIA) method with potentiometric detection for the automated determination of chloride in waters. The methodology developed was applied to the determination of chloride in mineral, tap and waste waters and the results achieved were compared with those obtained by a potentiometric sequential injection analysis (SIA) method reported in the literature. When Mohr titration was carried out for validating the results offered by both techniques, no significant differences were found. The linear ranges were between 6 and 3500 &micro;g L-1 for MSFIA and 10 and 3500 mg L-1 for SIA; the UPAC limits of detection were 2.7 mg L-1 for MSFIA and 1.6 mg L-1 for SIA; reproducibility was ~0.8% for MSFIA and 0.4% for SIA and, sampling rates were of 30 and 15 injections h-1 for MSFIA and SIA, respectively. These results provide evidence of superior performance of MSFIA over SIA for the determination of chloride. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.',
			'language' => 'English',
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			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1016/S0003-2670(02)00305-7',
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			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
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			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Determination of chloride by multisyringe flow injection analysis and sequential injection analysis with potentiometric detection', Anal. Chim. Acta, 2002 467(1-2) 25-33',
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			'twochars' => 'De',
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			'authors' => 'Trojanowicz, M.A.;Matuszewski, W.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Marek Trojanowicz and Wojciech Matuszewski',
			'title' => 'Potentiometric flow injection determination of chloride',
			'journal' => 'Anal. Chim. Acta',
			'journal_id' => '0584',
			'fadid' => 'ANCA1983V0151P00077',
			'year' => '1983',
			'volume' => '151',
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			'endpage' => '84',
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			'analytes' => ';0594;',
			'matrices' => ';0395;',
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			'keywords' => ';0119;',
			'abstract' => 'A Cl--selective electrode was prepared from a silver - AgCl electrode by surface oxidation of the silver in 0.5 M FeCl3. A double-junction SCE with a 1 M NH4NO3 bridge was the reference electrode. In the low concentration. range (15 to 50 &micro;M), the Cl- concentration. was directly proportional to the electrode potential. In the Nernstian response region, the dispersion in the flow system influenced the lower limit of the rectilinear calibration range whereas in the sub-Nernstian region it influenced the slope of the electrode response curve. The method was applied in the determination of Cl- in river water. The results agreed well with those obtained by titration, with standard deviations of ~1.5 mg L-1 at the level of 40 mg l-1',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
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			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1016/S0003-2670(00)80062-8',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
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			'citation' => ''Potentiometric flow injection determination of chloride', Anal. Chim. Acta, 1983 151(1) 77-84',
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		(int) 2 => array(
			'id' => '004879',
			'authors' => 'Van Staden, J.F.',
			'authorsweb' => 'J. F. Van Staden',
			'title' => 'Coated tubular solid-state chloride-selective electrode in flow injection analysis',
			'journal' => 'Anal. Chim. Acta',
			'journal_id' => '0584',
			'fadid' => 'ANCA1986V0179P00407',
			'year' => '1986',
			'volume' => '179',
			'issue' => '1',
			'startpage' => '407',
			'endpage' => '417',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;',
			'matrices' => ';0372;',
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			'keywords' => ';0043;0258;',
			'abstract' => 'The construction of the electrode is described and illustrated. Response times are 3 to 4 s and the range is 5 to 5000 mg L-1 for 30 &micro;L samples. Mean recoveries of 67 and 114 mg L-1 are 97.8 and 98.9%, respectively, with coefficient of variation in the analysis of 16 water samples being <1.7% (n = 15). The results agree well with those obtained spectrophotometrically.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
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			'hits' => '6',
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			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1016/S0003-2670(00)84485-2',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Coated tubular solid-state chloride-selective electrode in flow injection analysis', Anal. Chim. Acta, 1986 179(1) 407-417',
			'firstchar' => 'C',
			'twochars' => 'Co',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
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			'authors' => 'Trojanowicz, M.A.;Krawczynski Vel Krawczyk, T.;Augustyniak, W.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Marek Trojanowicz and Tadeusz Krawczyski vel Krawczyk, Wodzimierz Augustyniak',
			'title' => 'Simple antilog converter for conventional and flow injection measurements with ion-selective electrodes',
			'journal' => 'Anal. Chim. Acta',
			'journal_id' => '0584',
			'fadid' => 'ANCA1988V0207P00325',
			'year' => '1988',
			'volume' => '207',
			'issue' => '1-2',
			'startpage' => '325',
			'endpage' => '330',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;0686;0982;1936;',
			'matrices' => '',
			'techniques' => ';0290;0295;0298;0322;0400;',
			'keywords' => ';0043;0090;0144;',
			'abstract' => 'A simple antilog. converter based on an antilog. amplifier is described. In potentiometric measurements it produced an output voltage which depended rectilinearly on the concentration. of the sensed species over two orders of magnitude. Signals obtained in measurements with Cl-, F-, K+ and Cu(II) ion-selective electrodes ranged from 1.0 to 10.0 V. The converter was used for flow injection potentiometry within one concentration. decade, but its sensitivity depended on the dispersion in the flow system.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
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			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1016/S0003-2670(00)80809-0',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Simple antilog converter for conventional and flow injection measurements with ion-selective electrodes', Anal. Chim. Acta, 1988 207(1-2) 325-330',
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			'twochars' => 'Si',
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				[maximum depth reached]
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			'id' => '005694',
			'authors' => 'Van Staden, J.F.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Jacobus F. van Staden',
			'title' => 'Response time phenomena of coated open-tubular solid-state silver halide-selective electrodes and their influence on sample dispersion in flow injection analysis',
			'journal' => 'Anal. Chim. Acta',
			'journal_id' => '0584',
			'fadid' => 'ANCA1992V0261P00381',
			'year' => '1992',
			'volume' => '261',
			'issue' => '1-2',
			'startpage' => '381',
			'endpage' => '390',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0451;0594;1275;',
			'matrices' => '',
			'techniques' => ';0283;0290;0303;',
			'keywords' => ';0302;0410;0119;',
			'abstract' => 'A comparative study has been made of the response times of coated open-tubular Ag membrane electrodes selective towards Cl-, Br- or I- (cf. Ibid., 1986, 179, 407) as they affect the throughput of flow injection analysis systems. The tubular indicator electrodes were used in conjunction with an Orion 90-02 double-junction reference electrode with 10% KNO3 solution in its outer chamber. The digitized signals were smoothed by applying the DS (data sets) Cat and Smooth operations of the ASYST software; typical background-corrected graphs for the flow injection measurement of halides (10 to 5000 mg l-1) are reproduced. Examination of the leading edges of the various peaks showed that their rate of response was independent of concentration. and did not significantly decrease the sampling rate, although the response of the Br- electrode at the initial peak-formation stages near the baseline was slightly slower than that of the others. The rate of response of the trailing edges was mainly responsible for the sampling rate in an optimized flow injection system, and the I- electrode showed a memory effect, which was largely responsible for the low sampling rate of this system compared with similar systems with the other two electrodes. The contribution of the memory effect or response time phenomena of coated open-tubular solid state chloride-, bromide-, and iodide-selective electrodes on the anal. output in flow injection systems are presented for concentration. ranges between 10 and 5000 mg L-1. The rate of response for the leading edges of all three electrodes due to electrode properties are independent of concentration. and do not contribute significantly to any decrease in sampling rate, although the rate of response of the bromide-selective electrode flow injection analysis (FIA) system seems to be slightly slower than the other two electrode systems at the initial peak-formation stages near the base line. The rate of response for the tailing edges of the different electrodes due to electrode properties is mainly responsible for the sampling rate obtained in an optimized FIA-ISE system. The memory effect of the iodide-selective electrode is mainly responsible for the fact that the sampling rate of this system is very much lower than the sampling rate obtained for similar systems with the other two electrodes. For the bromide-selective electrode system, the slower rate of response due to electrode properties at the tailing edges (especially with high concentrations of bromide) than that of the chloride-selective electrode, contributes mainly to a lower sampling output for the bromide-selective electrode-FIA system when compared with the chloride electrode system.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
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			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 16:06:13',
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			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1016/0003-2670(92)80217-U',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Response time phenomena of coated open-tubular solid-state silver halide-selective electrodes and their influence on sample dispersion in flow injection analysis', Anal. Chim. Acta, 1992 261(1-2) 381-390',
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			'twochars' => 'Re',
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		(int) 5 => array(
			'id' => '005877',
			'authors' => 'Hauser, P.C.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Peter C. Hauser*',
			'title' => 'Trioctyltin chloride as carrier for a chloride-selective electrode in flow injection potentiometry',
			'journal' => 'Anal. Chim. Acta',
			'journal_id' => '0584',
			'fadid' => 'ANCA1993V0278P00227',
			'year' => '1993',
			'volume' => '278',
			'issue' => '2',
			'startpage' => '227',
			'endpage' => '232',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;',
			'matrices' => '',
			'techniques' => ';0400;0290;',
			'keywords' => '',
			'abstract' => 'Trioctyltin chloride was dissolved in THF with bis-(1-butylpentyl)adipate and PVC, then an ISE was constructed with the membrane solution and a Ag wire. The ISE was incorporated into a flow injection cell [cf. Analyst (London), 1988, 113, 1551] and FIA was carried out to determine chloride concentration. in standard solution The inherent instability of the trioctyltin chloride was eliminated in the flow injection mode. Calibration graphs were rectilinear from 1-100 mM chloride and the detection limit was 0.1 mM; no RSD is given.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '6',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 16:09:29',
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			'pauthor' => '!Hauser, P.C.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1016/0003-2670(93)85103-Q',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Trioctyltin chloride as carrier for a chloride-selective electrode in flow injection potentiometry', Anal. Chim. Acta, 1993 278(2) 227-232',
			'firstchar' => 'T',
			'twochars' => 'Tr',
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		(int) 6 => array(
			'id' => '006206',
			'authors' => 'Rizov, I.;Ilcheva, L.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Ivelin Rizov* and Liliana Ilcheva',
			'title' => 'Differential flow injection potentiometry',
			'journal' => 'Anal. Chim. Acta',
			'journal_id' => '0584',
			'fadid' => 'ANCA1995V0311P00175',
			'year' => '1995',
			'volume' => '311',
			'issue' => '2',
			'startpage' => '175',
			'endpage' => '181',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0205;0594;1588;',
			'matrices' => ';0630;1061;',
			'techniques' => ';0290;0312;0274;0400;',
			'keywords' => ';0130;',
			'abstract' => 'Flow injection potentiometric methods using two different ISE placed in series are described for the simultaneous determination of (i) nitrate and chloride and (ii) nitrate and ammonium. The flow injection manifold for the determination of nitrate and chloride consisted of a nitrate ISE separated from a chloride ISE by a reaction coil of 254 cm x 0.51 mm i.d. A sample volume of 60 &micro;L was injected into a 0.04 M Na2SO4 carrier stream (6.3 ml/min). The nitrate concentration was determined using the chloride ISE as a reference electrode and vice versa. The RSD (n = 13) for the determination of 0.1 mM nitrate and 1 mM chloride were 1.1 and 0.9%, respectively. A similar manifold is described for the determination of nitrate and ammonium using nitrate and ammonium ISE separated by a reaction coil of 284 cm x 0.51 mm i.d. The RSD (n = 12) for the determination of nitrate and ammonium in waste water from a urea production plant were 1.1 and 0.9%, respectively.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '14',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 16:17:25',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => null,
			'pauthor' => 'Rizov, I.',
			'address' => 'Department of Analytical Chemistry, Higher Institute of Chemical Technology, 8 Kl. Ochridsky Str., 1756, Sofia, Bulgaria',
			'email' => 'NA',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1016/0003-2670(95)00187-5',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Differential flow injection potentiometry', Anal. Chim. Acta, 1995 311(2) 175-181',
			'firstchar' => 'D',
			'twochars' => 'Di',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
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				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 7 => array(
			'id' => '006911',
			'authors' => 'Krawczynski Vel Krawczyk, T.;Szostek, B.;Trojanowicz, M.A.',
			'authorsweb' => 'T. Krawczyski vel Krawczyk, B. Szostek and M. Trojanowicz  ',
			'title' => 'Oxidative removal of interferences in flow injection potentiometric determination of chloride',
			'journal' => 'Talanta',
			'journal_id' => '0569',
			'fadid' => 'TALT1989V0036P00811',
			'year' => '1989',
			'volume' => '36',
			'issue' => '8',
			'startpage' => '811',
			'endpage' => '815',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;',
			'matrices' => '',
			'techniques' => ';0400;0290;',
			'keywords' => ';0217;',
			'abstract' => 'The flow injection system consisted of a multi-channel peristaltic pump, a laboratory-built rotary injection valve with an exchangeable sample loop, a constant-temp. delay coil and a large-volume wall-jet cell. Chloride-sensing electrodes (Ag - AgCl and AgCl - Ag2S membrane) were used in conjunction with an Orion 90-02 double-junction reference electrode. With 0.1 M KBrO3 in 1 M HNO3 as the carrier solution, direct potentiometric determination of Cl- in the presence of excess of Br-, I-, S2- and CN- could be carried out at a max. sampling rate of 120 h-1. Calibration graphs were rectilinear from 10 to 1000 ppm of Cl-, and the coefficient of variation for Br--to-Cl- wt. ratios of 1:1, 1:10 and 25:1 were 1.5, 0.2 and 0.5%, respectively.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '60',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 14:55:16',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '00320',
			'pauthor' => '!Trojanowicz, M.A.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1016/0039-9140(89)80159-6',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Oxidative removal of interferences in flow injection potentiometric determination of chloride', Talanta, 1989 36(8) 811-815',
			'firstchar' => 'O',
			'twochars' => 'Ox',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 8 => array(
			'id' => '006998',
			'authors' => 'Najib, F.M.;Othman, S.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Fadhil M. Najib* and Shireen Othman,  ',
			'title' => 'Simultaneous determination of chloride, bromide, iodide and fluoride with flow injection - ion-selective electrode systems',
			'journal' => 'Talanta',
			'journal_id' => '0569',
			'fadid' => 'TALT1992V0039P01259',
			'year' => '1992',
			'volume' => '39',
			'issue' => '10',
			'startpage' => '1259',
			'endpage' => '1267',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;0451;1275;0982;',
			'matrices' => ';0372;',
			'techniques' => ';0283;0290;0298;0303;',
			'keywords' => ';0258;0320;0217;',
			'abstract' => 'Electrodes for Cl-, Br- and I- were constructed (preparation described) from Ag2 - AgCl or AgBr (1:1) and Ag2S - AgI (1:3); for F- a commercial electrode was used. By combining the electrodes and suppressor columns of AgCl and amalgamated Pb, the ions were simultaneously determined in a carrier stream (0.5 mL min-1) of e.g. 0.1 M HClO4 at pH 4.0. The calibration graphs were rectilinear down to 100, 5, 1 and 5 &micro;M for Cl-, Br-, I- and F-, respectively. The reproducibility was 1% for the determination of the halides in eight water samples, the results agreed well with those obtained by three reference methods. Flow-through ion-selective electrodes were constructed from compressed pellets (8-10 mm thick, 13 mm diameter, 10 tons/cm2 pressure) of Ag2S/AgX (X = Cl-, Br- or I-) drilled longitudinally (1.5 mm diameter hole) to be suitable for use in flow injection analysis. A column of AgCl (5.5 cm long, 2-3 mm internal diameter) was included in the Cl- electrode manifold to remove interferences from 10^-4 M Br- and 3 x 10^-5 M I- and S2-. A column of amalgamated lead (2-3 cm long, 2-3 mm internal diameter) was used in the Br--electrode manifold to remove interference from 2 x 10^-5 M I-, 3 x 10^-5 M S2- and 7 x 10^-4 M Cl-. These columns and the addition of ascorbic acid were not required when I- was determined with the iodide electrode. The carrier stream was 0.1 M sodium perchlorate (pH 4) at a flow-rate of 0.5 mL/min. The sample pH could be 4-7. Simultaneous determination of Cl- and I-, Cl-, I- and Br-, and Cl-, I-, Br- and F- ions was possible with combinations of the corresponding electrodes and columns in series and/or parallel in specially designed manifolds. Calibration plots were linear, with almost theoretical slopes, down to 10^-6 M I-, 5 x 10^-6 M Br-, 10^-4 M Cl- and 5 x 10^-6 M F-, with precision better than 1%. Sampling rates for single-ion determinations were 72, 102, 90 and 80 per h for the one-, two-, three- and four-electrode systems respectively. Determinations of these ions in water samples by the recommended procedure and by established batch methods showed no significant difference at the 95% confidence limits in a paired comparison t-test.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '28',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 14:59:47',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => null,
			'pauthor' => 'Najib, F.M.',
			'address' => 'Department of Chemistry, University of Salahaddin, Arbil, Iraq',
			'email' => 'NA',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1016/0039-9140(92)80234-5',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Simultaneous determination of chloride, bromide, iodide and fluoride with flow injection - ion-selective electrode systems', Talanta, 1992 39(10) 1259-1267',
			'firstchar' => 'S',
			'twochars' => 'Si',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Matrix' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 9 => array(
			'id' => '007402',
			'authors' => 'Midgley, D.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Derek Midgley',
			'title' => 'Determination of chloride and fluoride in boronated water',
			'journal' => 'Analyst',
			'journal_id' => '0864',
			'fadid' => 'ANAL1985V0110P00841',
			'year' => '1985',
			'volume' => '110',
			'issue' => '7',
			'startpage' => '841',
			'endpage' => '845',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;0982;',
			'matrices' => ';1068;',
			'techniques' => ';0290;0298;0400;',
			'keywords' => '',
			'abstract' => 'The performance of chloride-and fluoride-selective electrodes in boronated waters, typical of a pressurised water reactor (PWR) primary coolant, has been investigated. The precision and sensitivity of the mercury(I) chloride-mercury(II) sulphide membrane electrode were unaffected by the boric acid medium and the electrode was adequate for measurements below the specified limit of 150-200 &micro;g l-1 of chloride. Measurements of fluoride concentration in the range 25-250 &micro;g l-1 were straightforward, with a relative standard deviation of about 2%. The lanthanum fluoride membrane electrode can, therefore, be used to check that PWR primary coolant is within the specified limit of 150 &micro;g l-1. The boric acid in the sample causes a bias in direct potentiometry for fluoride, but this can be corrected by a simple mathematical equation. Alternatively, the bias can be avoided by the use of known addition potentiometry. Fluoride electrodes deviate from the theoretical sensitivity below a concentration of about 25 &micro;g l-1, but still have ample sensitivity down to 1 &micro;g l-1. In this concentration range, however, the response is very slow, taking 40-120 min to reach equilibrium and there is considerable variation between individual electrodes.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '8',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 00:01:01',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => null,
			'pauthor' => 'Midgley, D.',
			'address' => 'NA',
			'email' => 'NA',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1039/an9851000841',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Determination of chloride and fluoride in boronated water', Analyst, 1985 110(7) 841-845',
			'firstchar' => 'D',
			'twochars' => 'De',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Matrix' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Keyword' => array([maximum depth reached])
		),
		(int) 10 => array(
			'id' => '007424',
			'authors' => 'Van Staden, J.F.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Jacobus F. van Staden',
			'title' => 'Electrodes in series. Simultaneous flow injection determination of chloride and pH with ion-selective electrodes',
			'journal' => 'Analyst',
			'journal_id' => '0864',
			'fadid' => 'ANAL1986V0111P01231',
			'year' => '1986',
			'volume' => '111',
			'issue' => '11',
			'startpage' => '1231',
			'endpage' => '1234',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;1780;',
			'matrices' => '',
			'techniques' => ';0181;0224;0290;0400;',
			'keywords' => ';0420;',
			'abstract' => 'A tubular flow-through Cl--selective cell (cf. Anal. Chim. Acta, 1986, 179, 407) and a micro-combination pH electrode and double-junction reference electrode with 10% KNO3 solution as the outer chamber filling solution were incorporated in series into a flow injection system. Aliquots (30 &micro;L) of solution (pH 3 to 10) containing 0.02 to 5.0 g L-1 of NaCl were injected at a rate of 60 samples h-1 into ionic-strength adjustment buffer (pH 7.6) containing 0.5 M KNO3 and 10 mM NaH2PO4. Rectilinear calibration graphs were achieved across the pH range, and the Cl- concentration. had no effect on pH measurement. Standard deviations of <1.5% for Cl- and 1% for pH measurement were achieved with the system.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '7',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 00:01:45',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '00328',
			'pauthor' => '!Van Staden, J.F.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1039/an9861101231',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Electrodes in series. Simultaneous flow injection determination of chloride and pH with ion-selective electrodes', Analyst, 1986 111(11) 1231-1234',
			'firstchar' => 'E',
			'twochars' => 'El',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 11 => array(
			'id' => '007498',
			'authors' => 'Hauser, P.C.;Tan, S.S.;Cardwell, T.J.;Cattrall, R.W.;Hamilton, I.C.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Peter C. Hauser, Susie S. Tan, Terence J. Cardwell, Robert W. Cattrall and Ian C. Hamilton',
			'title' => 'Versatile manifold for the simultaneous determination of ions in flow injection analysis',
			'journal' => 'Analyst',
			'journal_id' => '0864',
			'fadid' => 'ANAL1988V0113P01551',
			'year' => '1988',
			'volume' => '113',
			'issue' => '10',
			'startpage' => '1551',
			'endpage' => '1555',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';1936;0485;0205;0594;1588;1841;',
			'matrices' => ';0325;',
			'techniques' => ';0285;0290;0312;0322;0400;0493;',
			'keywords' => ';0173;0420;',
			'abstract' => 'A flow injection analysis system is described for the simultaneous determination in plant nutrient solution of K+, Ca(II), NO3- and Cl- by potentiometry, and NH4+ and PO43- by spectrophotometry. Diagrams of the manifold and the spectrophotometric transducer are given. Potentiometric measurements were made with PVC-based ion-selective membranes; the carrier stream was 0.2 M Na acetate buffer. Ammonium ion was determined by the gas diffusion method with use of cresol red and thymol blue. Absorbance was measured at 605 nm. The calibration graph covered the range from 0.5 to 25 mg L-1 as N. Phosphate was determined by the molybdenum blue method, with absorbance measurement at 820 nm; the calibration graph covered the range from 0.5 to 25 mg l-1. Results agreed well with expected values.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '14',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 00:03:52',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '00071',
			'pauthor' => '!Cardwell, T.J.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1039/an9881301551',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Versatile manifold for the simultaneous determination of ions in flow injection analysis', Analyst, 1988 113(10) 1551-1555',
			'firstchar' => 'V',
			'twochars' => 'Ve',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Matrix' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 12 => array(
			'id' => '007551',
			'authors' => 'Hara, H.;Mitani, O.;Okazaki, S.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Hirokazu Hara, Osamu Mitani and Satoshi Okazaki',
			'title' => 'Alternate sample/standard exchange method using a pair of identical ion-selective electrodes for the improvement of precision in an automated potentiometric analysis system',
			'journal' => 'Analyst',
			'journal_id' => '0864',
			'fadid' => 'ANAL1989V0114P00923',
			'year' => '1989',
			'volume' => '114',
			'issue' => '8',
			'startpage' => '923',
			'endpage' => '927',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => '',
			'matrices' => '',
			'techniques' => ';0400;0290;0312;',
			'keywords' => ';0044;',
			'abstract' => 'The use of an automated potentiometric analysis system with a pair of identical ion-selective electrodes as the detector is described. The sample and standard solutions were introduced simultaneously into the flow cell, which was equipped with a pair of identical ion-selective electrodes. The sample and standard streams were then exchanged with each other by using a four-way valve controlled by a microcomputer. The potential difference between the two electrodes was measured before and after switching of the four-way valve. Hence the effect of the potential shift of the ion-selective electrodes could theoretically be cancelled. The characteristics of the system were investigated by using nitrate or chloride ion-selective electrode pairs. A precision of <1% was achieved for five successive measurements when the sample concentration was close to that of the base standard solution.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '2',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 00:04:26',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => null,
			'pauthor' => 'NA',
			'address' => 'NA',
			'email' => 'NA',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1039/an9891400923',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Alternate sample/standard exchange method using a pair of identical ion-selective electrodes for the improvement of precision in an automated potentiometric analysis system', Analyst, 1989 114(8) 923-927',
			'firstchar' => 'A',
			'twochars' => 'Al',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array([maximum depth reached]),
			'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 13 => array(
			'id' => '007648',
			'authors' => 'Van Staden, J.F.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Jacobus F. van Staden',
			'title' => 'Comparison of the influence and contribution of the response times of coated open-tubular solid-state bromide- and chloride-selective electrodes on the analytical throughput (dispersion) in flow injection systems',
			'journal' => 'Analyst',
			'journal_id' => '0864',
			'fadid' => 'ANAL1992V0117P00051',
			'year' => '1992',
			'volume' => '117',
			'issue' => '1',
			'startpage' => '51',
			'endpage' => '56',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => '',
			'matrices' => '',
			'techniques' => ';0283;0290;',
			'keywords' => ';0302;0119;',
			'abstract' => 'The cited study was performed for 10 to 5000 mg L-1 of Br- and Cl-. For both electrodes the adsorption rate is independent of concentration. and does not contribute significantly to any decrease in the sampling rate, although the adsorption rate of the Cl-selective electrode in the system is slightly faster than the Br system. For both electrodes the desorption process is mainly responsible for the sampling rate obtained in an optimized flow injection ion-selective electrode system. An electrode memory of the Br-selective electrode is the main reason for the sampling rate of this system being lower than that obtained for a similar flow injection system with a Cl-selective electrode. An evaluation of the influence and contribution of the response times of coated open-tubular solid-state bromide- and chloride-selective electrodes on the anal. throughput (dispersion) in flow injection (FI) systems is presented using concentration ranges of 10^-5000 mg L-1 for bromide and chloride, respectively. For both electrodes the adsorption rate is independent of concentration. and does not contribute significantly to any decrease in the sampling rate, although the adsorption rate of the chloride-selective electrode in the FI system seems to be slightly faster than the bromide system. For both electrodes the desorption mechanism process is mainly responsible for the sampling rate obtained in an optimized FI-ion-selective electrode system. An electrode memory of the bromide-selective electrode is the main reason for the sampling rate of this system being lower than that obtained for a similar FI system with a chloride-selective electrode.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '4',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 08:32:27',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '00328',
			'pauthor' => '!Van Staden, J.F.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1039/an9921700051',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Comparison of the influence and contribution of the response times of coated open-tubular solid-state bromide- and chloride-selective electrodes on the analytical throughput (dispersion) in flow injection systems', Analyst, 1992 117(1) 51-56',
			'firstchar' => 'C',
			'twochars' => 'Co',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array([maximum depth reached]),
			'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 14 => array(
			'id' => '007890',
			'authors' => 'Ferreira, I.M.P.L.V.O.;Lima, J.L.F.C.;Montenegro, M.C.B.S.M.;Perez Olmos, R.;Rios, A.',
			'authorsweb' => 'I. M. P. L. V. O. Ferreira, J. L. F. C. Lima, M. C. B. S. M. Montenegro, R. P&eacute;rez Olmos and A. Rios',
			'title' => 'Simultaneous assay of nitrite, nitrate and chloride in meat products by a flow injection method',
			'journal' => 'Analyst',
			'journal_id' => '0864',
			'fadid' => 'ANAL1996V0121P01393',
			'year' => '1996',
			'volume' => '121',
			'issue' => '10',
			'startpage' => '1393',
			'endpage' => '1396',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;1588;1592;',
			'matrices' => ';0715;0723;',
			'techniques' => ';0400;0290;0224;',
			'keywords' => ';0379;0054;0393;',
			'abstract' => 'Sample was homogenized and extracted with hot water and the extract was purified and filtered. A portion (100 &micro;L) of the filtrate was injected into a carrier stream (2.9 ml/min) of 50 mM Na2SO4/0.02 mM NaCl of a flow injection manifold (schematic shown). Chloride (I) was determined potentiometrically a tubular ISE (cf. Ferreira et al., Fresenius' J. Anal. Chem., 1993, 374, 314). The carrier was mixed with a buffer stream (0.5 ml/min) of NH4Cl/sodium tetraborate/Na2EDTA and split into two. One stream passed through a Cd/Cu column to reduce nitrate (II) to nitrite (III). The two streams subsequently passed through a confluence point and were mixed a reagent stream (1 ml/min) of acidified sulfanilamide/N-(1-naphthyl)ethylenediamine dihydrochloride and the absorbance was measured (wavelength not given). As each channel had a different residence time, two peaks were obtained, one for nitrite III and one for total N: II was measured by difference. The calibration graphs were linear from 0.01-0.1 M I, up to 104 ppm II and from 0.03-0.2 ppm III. RSD (n = 10) were 2.5, 0.7 and 1.1%, respectively, for I, II and III.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '12',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 09:30:58',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => null,
			'pauthor' => 'NA',
			'address' => 'NA',
			'email' => 'NA',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1039/an9962101393',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Simultaneous assay of nitrite, nitrate and chloride in meat products by a flow injection method', Analyst, 1996 121(10) 1393-1396',
			'firstchar' => 'S',
			'twochars' => 'Si',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Matrix' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 15 => array(
			'id' => '007971',
			'authors' => 'Alvares Ribeiro, L.M.B.C.;Machado, A.A.S.C.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Luis M. B. C. &Aacute;lvares-Ribeiro and Ad&eacute;lio A. S. C. Machado',
			'title' => 'Optimization of a bipotentiometric flow injection analysis system for simultaneous determination of calcium and chloride ions in natural waters',
			'journal' => 'Analyst',
			'journal_id' => '0864',
			'fadid' => 'ANAL1998V0123P00653',
			'year' => '1998',
			'volume' => '123',
			'issue' => '4',
			'startpage' => '653',
			'endpage' => '659',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0485;0594;',
			'matrices' => ';0372;',
			'techniques' => ';0017;0285;0290;',
			'keywords' => ';0418;0302;0441;0258;0217;',
			'abstract' => 'Experimental optimization using the modified simplex method of a bipotentiometric flow injection analysis (FIA) system, constituted by two different ion selective electrodes (ISE) placed in series, for the simultaneous determination of Ca2+ and Cl- in water is reported. The response function used was a weighted linear combination of three variables, chosen to achieve maximization of the Ca2+ electrode sensitivity, minimization of the interference of the Ca2+ signal on the Cl- response, and maximization of the sampling rate. The optimized system can determine Ca2+ from 5 x 10^-5 to 5 x 10^-3 mol/L with a sensitivity of ~27 mV/decade and Cl- from 2 x 10^-4 to 2 x 10^-2 mol/L (the max. value tested), with a sensitivity of ~55 mV/decade. Repeatability was 1.9 and 0.6%, respectively, at 2 x 10^-4 and 2.2 x 10^-3 mol/L (8 and 90 mg/L), for Ca2+ determinations, and 1.8 and 1.2%, respectively, at 3.4 x 10^-4 and 8.3 x 10^-4 mol/L (12 and 29 mg/L), for Cl- determinations A sampling rate of 40/h was obtained. The affect of ionic strength on the results is discussed. The relative accuracy of the bipotentiometric FIA system was demonstrated by determining the content of both ions in natural water in parallel with ASTM certified methods.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '11',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 09:52:00',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '01134',
			'pauthor' => '!Machado, A.A.S.C.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1039/a708289d',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Optimization of a bipotentiometric flow injection analysis system for simultaneous determination of calcium and chloride ions in natural waters', Analyst, 1998 123(4) 653-659',
			'firstchar' => 'O',
			'twochars' => 'Op',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
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				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 16 => array(
			'id' => '008879',
			'authors' => 'Ilcheva, L.K.;Cammann, K.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Liliana Ilcheva and Karl Cammann',
			'title' => 'Flow injection analysis of chloride in tap and sewage water using ion-selective electrode detection',
			'journal' => 'Fresenius J. Anal. Chem.',
			'journal_id' => '0944',
			'fadid' => 'FJAC1985V0322P00323',
			'year' => '1985',
			'volume' => '322',
			'issue' => '3',
			'startpage' => '323',
			'endpage' => '326',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;',
			'matrices' => ';1069;1057;',
			'techniques' => ';0159;0290;',
			'keywords' => ';0217;',
			'abstract' => 'Tap-water or sewage water was analyzed by flow injection analysis with injection into the carrier stream (1.5 mL min-1) of 0.1 M KNO3, which flowed down a vertically suspended strip of filter-paper connected to a single-crystal AgCl membrane electrode and a double-junction reference electrode. Sixty samples h-1 could be analyzed and no serious interference was observed from S2-, I- or Br-. The limit of detection was 10 &micro;M-Cl- and the coefficient of variation were 5 and 10% at >100 and 10 &micro;M, respectively.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '11',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 00:20:16',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '00901',
			'pauthor' => '!Cammann, K.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1007/BF00490916',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Flow injection analysis of chloride in tap and sewage water using ion-selective electrode detection', Fresenius J. Anal. Chem., 1985 322(3) 323-326',
			'firstchar' => 'F',
			'twochars' => 'Fl',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Matrix' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 17 => array(
			'id' => '008889',
			'authors' => 'Ilcheva, L.K.;Cammann, K.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Liliana Ilcheva and Karl Cammann   ',
			'title' => 'Simple, selective and sensitive liquid chromatographic or flow injection detector for chloro-organic compounds based on ion-selective electrodes',
			'journal' => 'Fresenius J. Anal. Chem.',
			'journal_id' => '0944',
			'fadid' => 'FJAC1986V0325P00011',
			'year' => '1986',
			'volume' => '325',
			'issue' => '1',
			'startpage' => '11',
			'endpage' => '14',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0598;',
			'matrices' => '',
			'techniques' => ';0038;0290;',
			'keywords' => '',
			'abstract' => 'The Cl- liberated by the electrolytic decomposition of chloroacetone (I) and the decomposition of I and 1-chloro-4-nitrobenzene by UV radiation was determined by using the detector of Ilcheva and Cammann (Ibid., 1985, 322, 323). The detection limit was in the nmol range. In the analysis of 50 &micro;L of a 1 mM solution of Cl compound the coefficient of variation was ~5%. The detector, which can also be used to determine Br-, I- and S2- by using an appropriate ion-selective electrode, may be useful in LC.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '3',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 00:20:27',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '00901',
			'pauthor' => '!Cammann, K.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1007/BF00983396',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Simple, selective and sensitive liquid chromatographic or flow injection detector for chloro-organic compounds based on ion-selective electrodes', Fresenius J. Anal. Chem., 1986 325(1) 11-14',
			'firstchar' => 'S',
			'twochars' => 'Si',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]),
			'Keyword' => array([maximum depth reached])
		),
		(int) 18 => array(
			'id' => '008906',
			'authors' => 'Van Staden, J.F.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Jacobus F. van Staden',
			'title' => 'Online quality control in concentrated hydrochloric acid production plants. Flow injection determination of hydrochloric acid content in concentrated hydrochloric acid by automated pre-valve dilution and a coated tubular solid-state chloride-selective ele',
			'journal' => 'Fresenius J. Anal. Chem.',
			'journal_id' => '0944',
			'fadid' => 'FJAC1987V0328P00068',
			'year' => '1987',
			'volume' => '328',
			'issue' => '1-2',
			'startpage' => '68',
			'endpage' => '70',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';1188;',
			'matrices' => ';0644;',
			'techniques' => ';0224;0290;0400;',
			'keywords' => ';0258;',
			'abstract' => 'Diluted samples (30 &micro;L) are mixed with 1 M KNO3 as carrier solution for determination at a flow-through tubular indicator electrode, used in conjunction with an Orion 90-02 double-junction reference electrode with 10% KNO3 as outer chamber filling solution The sampling rate is 60 h-1. The construction, preparation and conditioning of the electrode are similar to a previously described procedure (Anal. Chim. Acta, 1986, 179, 407). The method is applied to samples containing 9 to 38% of HCl. Results for this method agree well with those obtained by using the Na2CO3 and Volhard titration procedures. The coefficient of variation for samples of different HCl content is <0.6% (n = 15).',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '9',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 00:20:49',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '00328',
			'pauthor' => '!Van Staden, J.F.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1007/BF00560951',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Online quality control in concentrated hydrochloric acid production plants. Flow injection determination of hydrochloric acid content in concentrated hydrochloric acid by automated pre-valve dilution and a coated tubular solid-state chloride-selective ele', Fresenius J. Anal. Chem., 1987 328(1-2) 68-70',
			'firstchar' => 'O',
			'twochars' => 'On',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Matrix' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 19 => array(
			'id' => '008907',
			'authors' => 'Ilcheva, L.;Trojanowicz, M.A.;Krawczynski Vel Krawczyk, T.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Liliana Ilcheva, Marek Trojanowicz and Tadeusz Krawczynski vel Krawczyk',
			'title' => 'Effect of addition of main ion to carrier solution in potentiometric flow injection measurements with solid state ion-selective electrodes',
			'journal' => 'Fresenius J. Anal. Chem.',
			'journal_id' => '0944',
			'fadid' => 'FJAC1987V0328P00027',
			'year' => '1987',
			'volume' => '328',
			'issue' => '1-2',
			'startpage' => '27',
			'endpage' => '32',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0982;0594;1275;0684;',
			'matrices' => '',
			'techniques' => ';0238;0290;0295;0298;0303;0400;',
			'keywords' => ';0401;0464;',
			'abstract' => 'Flow injection measurements were made by using a flow-through cup (described and illustrated) and Cl--, F--, I-- and Cu(II)-selective electrodes. The addition of the main ion to the carrier solution to create a constant background level of main ion produces a significant improvement in response for the F-- and I--selective electrodes. However, a very slow return of the potential value to the baseline is observed for I- measurements; this is attributable to the slow desorption of I- from the electrode surface. The super-Nernstian slope observed for the F-- and Cu(II)-selective electrodes in the absence of F- or Cu(II) in the carrier solution decreased to Nernstian values in the presence of the ions in the carrier solution',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '27',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 00:20:46',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '00320',
			'pauthor' => '!Trojanowicz, M.A.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1007/BF00560942',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Effect of addition of main ion to carrier solution in potentiometric flow injection measurements with solid state ion-selective electrodes', Fresenius J. Anal. Chem., 1987 328(1-2) 27-32',
			'firstchar' => 'E',
			'twochars' => 'Ef',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 20 => array(
			'id' => '008965',
			'authors' => 'Frenzel, W.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Wolfgang Frenzel',
			'title' => 'Application of flow injection potentiometry to the determination of chloride in various matrices',
			'journal' => 'Fresenius J. Anal. Chem.',
			'journal_id' => '0944',
			'fadid' => 'FJAC1989V0335P00931',
			'year' => '1989',
			'volume' => '335',
			'issue' => '8',
			'startpage' => '931',
			'endpage' => '937',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;',
			'matrices' => ';1069;0390;0511;0667;',
			'techniques' => ';0216;0290;0400;',
			'keywords' => ';0401;0109;0302;',
			'abstract' => 'Chloride-selective electrodes were prepared from silver tubes (1 cm x 0.3 to 1.0 mm i.d.); the inner wall was coated with AgCl. Behaviour under steady-state and flow injection conditions was studied and the influence of system parameters on sensitivity, detection limit, response time and sample throughput was discussed. Sample throughput was 60 to 200 h-1. The calibration graph was rectilinear from 0.1 to 10,000 mg L-1 of Cl-, with a detection limit of 0.01 mg L-1 and a coefficient of variation of 1%. The method was applied in the analysis of tap and mineral water, emission control of HCl and the determination of Cl- in silicon nitride.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '15',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 00:22:09',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '00154',
			'pauthor' => '!Frenzel, W.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1007/BF00466385',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Application of flow injection potentiometry to the determination of chloride in various matrices', Fresenius J. Anal. Chem., 1989 335(8) 931-937',
			'firstchar' => 'A',
			'twochars' => 'Ap',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
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				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 21 => array(
			'id' => '008979',
			'authors' => 'Van Staden, J.F.;Van Rensburg, A.',
			'authorsweb' => 'J. F. van Staden and A. van Rensburg',
			'title' => 'Three component flow injection analysis with online dialysis. Simultaneous determination of free calcium, total calcium and total chloride in milk by flow injection analysis and online dialysis',
			'journal' => 'Fresenius J. Anal. Chem.',
			'journal_id' => '0944',
			'fadid' => 'FJAC1990V0337P00393',
			'year' => '1990',
			'volume' => '337',
			'issue' => '4',
			'startpage' => '393',
			'endpage' => '397',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0485;',
			'matrices' => ';0007;',
			'techniques' => ';0452;0290;',
			'keywords' => ';0111;0420;0217;',
			'abstract' => 'Milk (30 &micro;L) samples (at 1 sample per min) are directed to three different channels by the use of two dialysers in series. For the determination of free Ca, interference is eliminated by using the first dialyser (which also separates total and free Ca) and determination is by spectrophotometry at 580 nm. For the determination of total Ca by AAS at 422.7 nm, interference from phosphate is overcome by the use of N2O - acetylene flame with the necessary suppression with K ions. The second dialyser in series is used to eliminate interferences (e.g., from casein) before dialysed Cl is measured with a coated tubular chloride-selective electrode. The coefficient of variation for 110 to 170 mg L-1 of free Ca, 1000 to 1500 mg L-1 of total Ca and 1000 to 1800 mg L-1 of total Cl were >0.4, 1.0 and 0.3, respectively. This method compared with existing manual methods is faster, more accurate and reliable, and uses a single series of Ca standards for both total and free Ca determination.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '13',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 00:38:25',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '00328',
			'pauthor' => '!Van Staden, J.F.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1007/BF00322218',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Three component flow injection analysis with online dialysis. Simultaneous determination of free calcium, total calcium and total chloride in milk by flow injection analysis and online dialysis', Fresenius J. Anal. Chem., 1990 337(4) 393-397',
			'firstchar' => 'T',
			'twochars' => 'Th',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
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			),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 22 => array(
			'id' => '009086',
			'authors' => 'Altunbulduk, T.;Meier zu Koecker, H.;Frenzel, W.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Tahir Altunbulduk, Heinz Meier zu K&ouml;cker and Wolfgang Frenzel',
			'title' => 'Studies on the elimination of sulfide interference in the potentiometric determination of chloride using ion selective electrodes in a flow injection system',
			'journal' => 'Fresenius J. Anal. Chem.',
			'journal_id' => '0944',
			'fadid' => 'FJAC1995V0351P00593',
			'year' => '1995',
			'volume' => '351',
			'issue' => '7',
			'startpage' => '593',
			'endpage' => '598',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;',
			'matrices' => '',
			'techniques' => ';0290;0400;',
			'keywords' => ';0217;',
			'abstract' => 'Detailed investigations have been reported on the application of a common procedure using bromate in nitric acid for the removal of the interference of sulfide in the direct potentiometric determination of chloride using silver-based ion selective electrodes in a flow injection system. It is shown that this procedure is not very efficient and carries a high risk of chloride underestimation. With increasing levels of sulfide the oxidation of chloride to elemental chlorine becomes progressively significant and under certain circumstances virtually no chloride is left irrespective of its initial concentration. Hydrogen peroxide in alkaline medium is proposed as a suitable alternative for the efficient removal of sulfide without any adverse effects on the potentiometric method.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '10',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 09:19:41',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '00154',
			'pauthor' => '!Frenzel, W.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1007/BF00323331',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Studies on the elimination of sulfide interference in the potentiometric determination of chloride using ion selective electrodes in a flow injection system', Fresenius J. Anal. Chem., 1995 351(7) 593-598',
			'firstchar' => 'S',
			'twochars' => 'St',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
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			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 23 => array(
			'id' => '009565',
			'authors' => 'Van Staden, J.F.',
			'authorsweb' => 'NA',
			'title' => 'Flow injection analysis of chloride in milk with a dialyzer and a coated tubular inorganic chloride-selective electrode',
			'journal' => 'Anal. Lett.',
			'journal_id' => '0820',
			'fadid' => 'ANLE1986V0019P01407',
			'year' => '1986',
			'volume' => '19',
			'issue' => '13&14',
			'startpage' => '1407',
			'endpage' => '1419',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;',
			'matrices' => ';0007;',
			'techniques' => ';0224;0290;',
			'keywords' => ';0111;0217;0258;0302;',
			'abstract' => 'A flow injection analysis system is described (manifold and flow diagram given), whereby samples (30 &micro;L) are introduced into a carrier stream (3.9 mL min-1) of 1 M KNO3 and pumped through a dialyser (16 cm x 3 cm x 2.5 cm) to remove interfering compounds. The dialysed Cl- in the recipient stream (as for carrier stream) is measured with a coated tubular flow-through Cl--selective electrode. The optimization and performance of the system are discussed and the results for the analysis of 10 milk samples are compared with those obtained by the Volhard titration method. For 30 &micro;L samples containing 0.25 to 5.0 g L-1 of Cl-, the coefficient of variation are <0.5% (n = 15).',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '2007-03-29 17:05:38',
			'hits' => '8',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 00:06:14',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '00328',
			'pauthor' => '!Van Staden, J.F.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1080/00032718608069115',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Flow injection analysis of chloride in milk with a dialyzer and a coated tubular inorganic chloride-selective electrode', Anal. Lett., 1986 19(13&14) 1407-1419',
			'firstchar' => 'F',
			'twochars' => 'Fl',
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		),
		(int) 24 => array(
			'id' => '009931',
			'authors' => 'Alpizar, J.;Crespi, A.;Cladera, A.;Forteza, R.;Cerda, V.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Jes&uacute;s Alp&iacute;zar, Antonio Cresp&iacute;, Andreu Cladera, Rafael Forteza, V&iacute;ctor Cerd&agrave;',
			'title' => 'Simultaneous determination of chloride and fluoride ions in waters by sequential injection analysis',
			'journal' => 'Electroanalysis',
			'journal_id' => '1003',
			'fadid' => 'ELAN1996V0008P01051',
			'year' => '1996',
			'volume' => '8',
			'issue' => '11',
			'startpage' => '1051',
			'endpage' => '1054',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;0982;',
			'matrices' => ';1069;',
			'techniques' => ';0400;0218;0290;0298;',
			'keywords' => ';0404;0258;0446;',
			'abstract' => 'A sequential injection analysis (SIA) system was developed, based on chloride (I)-selective and fluoride (II)-selective electrodes placed in series, in conjunction with a Ag/AgCl reference electrode (diagram given). Water samples (0.2 ml) were subjected to SIA, sandwiched between 0.4 mL and 3.8 mL cyclohexane-1,2-diamine-NNN'N'-tetra-acetic acid as total ionic strength adjustment buffer, at a flow-rate of 4 ml/min and with potentiometric detection. Calibration graphs were linear from 20-500 &micro;g/ml I and 0.5-200 &micro;g/ml II. The RSD (n = 20) were 1% for 50 &micro;g/ml I and 3.7% for 1 &micro;g/ml II. Stopped-flow detection did not improve the results. The method was applied to potable water samples. The I results generally agreed with those obtained using a batch method and the Mohr method. Recoveries of II from spiked tap water were 92-109%.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '26',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 14:11:23',
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			'pauthor_id' => '00077',
			'pauthor' => '!Cerda, V.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1002/elan.1140081113',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Simultaneous determination of chloride and fluoride ions in waters by sequential injection analysis', Electroanalysis, 1996 8(11) 1051-1054',
			'firstchar' => 'S',
			'twochars' => 'Si',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
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				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 25 => array(
			'id' => '009973',
			'authors' => 'Alexander, P.W.;Dimitrakopoulos, T.;Hibbert, D.B.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Peter W. Alexander*, Telis Dimitrakopoulos, D. Brynn Hibbert',
			'title' => 'A six sensor array of coated-wire electrodes for use in a portable flow injection analyzer',
			'journal' => 'Electroanalysis',
			'journal_id' => '1003',
			'fadid' => 'ELAN1998V0010P00707',
			'year' => '1998',
			'volume' => '10',
			'issue' => '10',
			'startpage' => '707',
			'endpage' => '712',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;0205;0485;1780;1588;1936;',
			'matrices' => ';1079;',
			'techniques' => ';0060;0290;0127;0400;',
			'keywords' => ';0258;',
			'abstract' => 'An array of 5 photo-cured epoxydiacrylate membrane electrodes incorporating ionophores and a Ag/AgCl wire electrode used as a chloride sensor were all used simultaneously in a previously reported multielectrode flow cell and in a portable flow injection analyzer described by P. Alexander et al. (1996). Photo-cured coated-wire electrodes for NH4+, Ca2+, H+ (pH), NO3-, and K+ and Ag/AgCl wire-based chloride electrode were developed for remote-site monitoring. The photo-cured membranes prepared exhibited strong adhesion to the metal substrate and showed improved mech. strength compared to PVC-based membranes. Each sensor in the present electrode-array exhibited near-Nernstian response over a log-linear range from 0.1-10 mM with detection limits of 0.01 mM in the flow injection potentiometric mode. The flow injection cell was capable of determining the respectively. ions in various water samples and the results were in good agreement with comparative anal. methods.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '30',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 14:12:37',
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			'pauthor_id' => '00008',
			'pauthor' => '!Alexander, P.W.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1002/(SICI)1521-4109(199808)10:10<707::AID-ELAN707>3.3.CO;2-M',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''A six sensor array of coated-wire electrodes for use in a portable flow injection analyzer', Electroanalysis, 1998 10(10) 707-712',
			'firstchar' => 'A',
			'twochars' => 'A ',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
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			),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 26 => array(
			'id' => '011780',
			'authors' => 'Trojanowicz, M.A.;Hulanicki, A.;Matuszewski, W.;Fuksiewicz, A.;Hulanicka Michalak, T.;Raszewski, S.;Szyller, J.;Augustyniak, W.',
			'authorsweb' => 'NA',
			'title' => 'Microprocessor-controlled flow injection system with potentiometric detection',
			'journal' => 'Chem. Anal.',
			'journal_id' => '0977',
			'fadid' => 'CHAN1987V0032P00709',
			'year' => '1987',
			'volume' => '32',
			'issue' => '5',
			'startpage' => '709',
			'endpage' => '721',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;1936;',
			'matrices' => ';0562;0372;',
			'techniques' => ';0290;0322;0400;',
			'keywords' => ';0044;0090;',
			'abstract' => 'A system is described for automated flow injection analysis with potentiometric ion-selective electrode detection. The system was tested for determination of Cl- in natural waters and of K in rock salt.',
			'language' => 'Polish',
			'updated' => '2014-10-23 20:46:01',
			'sjccheck' => 'No',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '0',
			'urlcheck' => '2006-05-20 18:55:53',
			'urlcheckcode' => '',
			'pauthor_id' => '00320',
			'pauthor' => '!Trojanowicz, M.A.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => 'NA SJC 102314',
			'url' => 'NA',
			'urltype' => 'NA',
			'gotpdf' => 'no',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Microprocessor-controlled flow injection system with potentiometric detection', Chem. Anal., 1987 32(5) 709-721',
			'firstchar' => 'M',
			'twochars' => 'Mi',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
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				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 27 => array(
			'id' => '012297',
			'authors' => 'Lapa, R.A.S.;Lima, J.L.F.C.;Barrado, E.;Vela, H.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Lapa, Rui A. S.; Lima, Jose L. F. C.; Barrado, Enrique; Vela, Henar',
			'title' => 'Potentiometric determination of chloride in parenteral and haemodialysis solutions by FIA',
			'journal' => 'Il Farmaco',
			'journal_id' => '1171',
			'fadid' => 'FARM1997V0052P00127',
			'year' => '1997',
			'volume' => '52',
			'issue' => '2',
			'startpage' => '127',
			'endpage' => '130',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;',
			'matrices' => ';0142;0149;',
			'techniques' => ';0400;0290;',
			'keywords' => ';0111;0258;',
			'abstract' => 'To determine chloride in parenteral solutions, sample (200 &micro;L) was injected into a stream (4 ml/min) of 0.1 M KNO3/0.1 mM NaCl for 50-fold dilution prior to merging with a similar carrier stream. The flow passed through a mixing coil (50 cm) prior to potentiometric detection using a tubular chloride ISE based on a homogenous crystalline membrane. To determine chloride in haemodialysis solution a similar manifold was used, but with passage through a dialysis unit which enabled 200-fold dilutions to be performed to adjust the sample to within the linear range of the ISE, (0.1 mM to 0.2M). The dialysis solution was 0.1 M KNO3/0.1 mM NaCl. Recoveries were >=97% and RSD were 1.8-5.3%. Results agreed with those obtained using conventional methodology.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'No',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '0',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-24 19:38:33',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 200 OK',
			'pauthor_id' => null,
			'pauthor' => 'NA',
			'address' => 'NA',
			'email' => 'NA',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => 'eurekamag.com/research/003/237/003237392.php',
			'urltype' => 'absurl',
			'gotpdf' => 'no',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Potentiometric determination of chloride in parenteral and haemodialysis solutions by FIA', Il Farmaco, 1997 52(2) 127-130',
			'firstchar' => 'P',
			'twochars' => 'Po',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Matrix' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 28 => array(
			'id' => '012533',
			'authors' => 'Zhang, Q.;Yu, Z.;Gao, Z.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Zhang Qing, Yu Zhenan and Gao Zhan',
			'title' => 'Ion-selective electrode - flow injection analysis for chlorine in water',
			'journal' => 'Fenxi Shiyanshi',
			'journal_id' => '0881',
			'fadid' => 'FXSS1986V0005P00014',
			'year' => '1986',
			'volume' => '5',
			'issue' => '6',
			'startpage' => '14',
			'endpage' => '16',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0597;',
			'matrices' => ';0372;',
			'techniques' => ';0290;',
			'keywords' => '',
			'abstract' => 'By using the described method 100 samples can be analyzed in 1 h; 1 &micro;L of sample is required. The working range is 3 to 100 ppm of Cl, and the detection limit is 0.1 ppm. The coefficient of variation was 1.3%. The results showed good agreement with those obtained by a chemical method.',
			'language' => 'Chinese',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '2013-10-19 04:00:00',
			'hits' => '0',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-13 17:51:10',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 200 OK',
			'pauthor_id' => null,
			'pauthor' => 'NA',
			'address' => '1) and 2) Department of Chemistry, North-East Institute of Technology and 3) Institute of Forestry and Soil Sciences, Acadimia Sinica',
			'email' => 'NA',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => 'en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTotal-FXSY198606005.htm',
			'urltype' => 'absurl',
			'gotpdf' => 'no',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Ion-selective electrode - flow injection analysis for chlorine in water', Fenxi Shiyanshi, 1986 5(6) 14-16',
			'firstchar' => 'I',
			'twochars' => 'Io',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Matrix' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Keyword' => array([maximum depth reached])
		),
		(int) 29 => array(
			'id' => '012793',
			'authors' => 'Gao, Z.;Lu, M.Y.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Gao Zhan; Lu Mingyuan',
			'title' => 'Flow injection analysis by ion-selective electrodes, a detachable solid membrane chloride ion-selective electrode used in the determination of chloride in soil water extracts',
			'journal' => 'Huanjing Kexue',
			'journal_id' => '0888',
			'fadid' => 'HJKX1981V0002P00376',
			'year' => '1981',
			'volume' => '2',
			'issue' => '5',
			'startpage' => '376',
			'endpage' => '380',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;',
			'matrices' => ';0363;1079;',
			'techniques' => ';0290;',
			'keywords' => ';0258;',
			'abstract' => 'The flow injection mol. determine the Cl- contents at 10^-3 - 10^-1 M in leachates with volume >10 mL with relative standard deviations 1-2%. The response potentials 50-150 mV are linearly related to Cl- concentrations <10-3 - 1 x 10^-1 M. For leachate samples containing Cl-, the method yields Cl- contents 0.12 and 0.98% compared to 0.14 and 0.92% determined by a volumetric method.',
			'language' => 'Chinese',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '2013-12-17 05:00:00',
			'hits' => '0',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-13 09:57:16',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 200 OK',
			'pauthor_id' => null,
			'pauthor' => 'NA',
			'address' => 'Inst. For. Soil, Acad. Sin, Peop. Rep. China',
			'email' => 'NA',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => 'www.hjkx.ac.cn/hjkx/ch/reader/create_pdf.aspx?file_no=19810514&flag=1&journal_id=hjkx&year_id=1981',
			'urltype' => 'pdfurl',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Flow injection analysis by ion-selective electrodes, a detachable solid membrane chloride ion-selective electrode used in the determination of chloride in soil water extracts', Huanjing Kexue, 1981 2(5) 376-380',
			'firstchar' => 'F',
			'twochars' => 'Fl',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Matrix' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 30 => array(
			'id' => '012954',
			'authors' => 'Ilcheva, L.;Yanakiev, R.',
			'authorsweb' => 'NA',
			'title' => 'Influence of some parameters on membrane selectivity in flow injection potentiometry',
			'journal' => 'Izv. Khim.',
			'journal_id' => '0531',
			'fadid' => 'IZPK1990V0023P00167',
			'year' => '1990',
			'volume' => '23',
			'issue' => '2',
			'startpage' => '167',
			'endpage' => '171',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;',
			'matrices' => ';0397;',
			'techniques' => ';0290;0400;',
			'keywords' => ';0399;0253;0217;0440;',
			'abstract' => 'Selectivity coefficient >1 of commercial Cl--, Br-- and NO3--selective electrodes towards various interfering species in conventional potentiometry can be considerably improved if the electrodes are used as sensors in flow injection analysis. The selectivity can be further improved by increasing the carrier-stream flow rate, decreasing the injection volume, and use of the method of standard additions. The interference from 0.6 mM Br- was thereby overcome when determining ~0.1 to 0.2 M Cl- in seawater by the flow injection technique with a Cl--selective electrode.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:11:09',
			'sjccheck' => 'No',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '0',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-27 09:10:02',
			'urlcheckcode' => '',
			'pauthor_id' => null,
			'pauthor' => 'NA',
			'address' => 'NA',
			'email' => 'NA',
			'notes' => 'NA SJC 102714',
			'url' => 'NA',
			'urltype' => 'NA',
			'gotpdf' => 'no',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Influence of some parameters on membrane selectivity in flow injection potentiometry', Izv. Khim., 1990 23(2) 167-171',
			'firstchar' => 'I',
			'twochars' => 'In',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
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				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Matrix' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 31 => array(
			'id' => '013010',
			'authors' => 'Ylasov, Y.G.;Ermolenko, Y.E.;Popov, I.A.;El'Marug, S.Y.;Khoroshev, V.G.;Kolodnikov, V.V.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Yu. G. Vlasov, Yu. E. Ermolenko, I. A. Popov, S. Yu. El'- Marug, V. G. Khoroshev, and V. V. Kolodnikov',
			'title' => 'Flow injection analysis of natural waters with a chloride-selective electrode',
			'journal' => 'J. Anal. Chem.',
			'journal_id' => '0798',
			'fadid' => 'JACU1997V0052P00081',
			'year' => '1997',
			'volume' => '52',
			'issue' => '1',
			'startpage' => '81',
			'endpage' => '84',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;',
			'matrices' => ';0372;',
			'techniques' => ';0290;',
			'keywords' => ';0043;',
			'abstract' => 'A chloride ISE with polycrystalline membranes based on AgCl and Ag2S (USSR Inventor's Certificate No. 630576, Byull. Izobret., 1977, number 40) was used in conjunction with a AgCl2 EVL-IM3 reference electrode for the FIA of water samples (0.5-2 ml). The carrier was 0.01 M KNO3 and the volume of the electrode cell was 0.5 mL. At the optimal flow rate (25 ml/min) the detection limit was 20 &micro;M-chloride. The method was applicable to the determination of 1-350 mg/l chloride. RSD were 3-8%.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:11:09',
			'sjccheck' => 'No',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '14',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-23 18:46:04',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Object moved',
			'pauthor_id' => null,
			'pauthor' => 'NA',
			'address' => 'St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab. 7/9, St. Petersburg, 199034 Russia',
			'email' => 'NA',
			'notes' => 'Not available on springer',
			'url' => 'elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=13258010',
			'urltype' => 'absurl',
			'gotpdf' => 'no',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Flow injection analysis of natural waters with a chloride-selective electrode', J. Anal. Chem., 1997 52(1) 81-84',
			'firstchar' => 'F',
			'twochars' => 'Fl',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Matrix' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 32 => array(
			'id' => '013023',
			'authors' => 'Gur'ev, I.A.;Kuleshova, N.V.',
			'authorsweb' => 'I. A. Gur'ev and N. V. Kuleshova',
			'title' => 'Sorption preconcentration and flow injection determination of cadmium',
			'journal' => 'J. Anal. Chem.',
			'journal_id' => '0798',
			'fadid' => 'JACU1998V0053P00796',
			'year' => '1998',
			'volume' => '53',
			'issue' => '9',
			'startpage' => '796',
			'endpage' => '799',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0478;',
			'matrices' => '',
			'techniques' => ';0290;0303;0400;',
			'keywords' => ';0212;0089;0398;',
			'abstract' => 'A procedure for the flow injection determination of Cd traces in aqueous solutions was developed. The procedure is based on the use of ion-selective electrodes sensitive to chloride or iodide complexes of Cd. Sorption pre-concentration simultaneously transforms Cd to anal. active species, it decreases the limit of detection, and improves the selectivity of determination.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:11:09',
			'sjccheck' => 'No',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '15',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-23 18:49:51',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Object moved',
			'pauthor_id' => null,
			'pauthor' => 'NA',
			'address' => 'Chemistry Department, Nizhni-Novgorod State University, prosp. Gagarina 23, 603600, Nizhni Novgorod, Russia',
			'email' => 'NA',
			'notes' => 'Not available on springer',
			'url' => 'elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=13280948',
			'urltype' => 'absurl',
			'gotpdf' => 'no',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Sorption preconcentration and flow injection determination of cadmium', J. Anal. Chem., 1998 53(9) 796-799',
			'firstchar' => 'S',
			'twochars' => 'So',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
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			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 33 => array(
			'id' => '013445',
			'authors' => 'Sakai, A.;Asano, Y.',
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"Coated Tubular Solid-state Chloride-selective Electrode In Flow Injection Analysis"
Anal. Chim. Acta 1986 Volume 179, Issue 1 Pages 407-417

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			'techniques' => ';0400;0290;',
			'keywords' => ';0530;0258;0404;',
			'abstract' => 'This paper reports for the first time a multisyringe flow injection analysis (MSFIA) method with potentiometric detection for the automated determination of chloride in waters. The methodology developed was applied to the determination of chloride in mineral, tap and waste waters and the results achieved were compared with those obtained by a potentiometric sequential injection analysis (SIA) method reported in the literature. When Mohr titration was carried out for validating the results offered by both techniques, no significant differences were found. The linear ranges were between 6 and 3500 &micro;g L-1 for MSFIA and 10 and 3500 mg L-1 for SIA; the UPAC limits of detection were 2.7 mg L-1 for MSFIA and 1.6 mg L-1 for SIA; reproducibility was ~0.8% for MSFIA and 0.4% for SIA and, sampling rates were of 30 and 15 injections h-1 for MSFIA and SIA, respectively. These results provide evidence of superior performance of MSFIA over SIA for the determination of chloride. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '2006-05-30 10:38:35',
			'hits' => '15',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 16:43:31',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '00077',
			'pauthor' => '!Cerda, V.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1016/S0003-2670(02)00305-7',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Determination of chloride by multisyringe flow injection analysis and sequential injection analysis with potentiometric detection', Anal. Chim. Acta, 2002 467(1-2) 25-33',
			'firstchar' => 'D',
			'twochars' => 'De',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
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				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 1 => array(
			'id' => '004568',
			'authors' => 'Trojanowicz, M.A.;Matuszewski, W.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Marek Trojanowicz and Wojciech Matuszewski',
			'title' => 'Potentiometric flow injection determination of chloride',
			'journal' => 'Anal. Chim. Acta',
			'journal_id' => '0584',
			'fadid' => 'ANCA1983V0151P00077',
			'year' => '1983',
			'volume' => '151',
			'issue' => '1',
			'startpage' => '77',
			'endpage' => '84',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;',
			'matrices' => ';0395;',
			'techniques' => ';0290;0400;',
			'keywords' => ';0119;',
			'abstract' => 'A Cl--selective electrode was prepared from a silver - AgCl electrode by surface oxidation of the silver in 0.5 M FeCl3. A double-junction SCE with a 1 M NH4NO3 bridge was the reference electrode. In the low concentration. range (15 to 50 &micro;M), the Cl- concentration. was directly proportional to the electrode potential. In the Nernstian response region, the dispersion in the flow system influenced the lower limit of the rectilinear calibration range whereas in the sub-Nernstian region it influenced the slope of the electrode response curve. The method was applied in the determination of Cl- in river water. The results agreed well with those obtained by titration, with standard deviations of ~1.5 mg L-1 at the level of 40 mg l-1',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '14',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 15:44:55',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '00320',
			'pauthor' => '!Trojanowicz, M.A.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1016/S0003-2670(00)80062-8',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Potentiometric flow injection determination of chloride', Anal. Chim. Acta, 1983 151(1) 77-84',
			'firstchar' => 'P',
			'twochars' => 'Po',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Matrix' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 2 => array(
			'id' => '004879',
			'authors' => 'Van Staden, J.F.',
			'authorsweb' => 'J. F. Van Staden',
			'title' => 'Coated tubular solid-state chloride-selective electrode in flow injection analysis',
			'journal' => 'Anal. Chim. Acta',
			'journal_id' => '0584',
			'fadid' => 'ANCA1986V0179P00407',
			'year' => '1986',
			'volume' => '179',
			'issue' => '1',
			'startpage' => '407',
			'endpage' => '417',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;',
			'matrices' => ';0372;',
			'techniques' => ';0224;0290;',
			'keywords' => ';0043;0258;',
			'abstract' => 'The construction of the electrode is described and illustrated. Response times are 3 to 4 s and the range is 5 to 5000 mg L-1 for 30 &micro;L samples. Mean recoveries of 67 and 114 mg L-1 are 97.8 and 98.9%, respectively, with coefficient of variation in the analysis of 16 water samples being <1.7% (n = 15). The results agree well with those obtained spectrophotometrically.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '6',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 15:49:34',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '00328',
			'pauthor' => '!Van Staden, J.F.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1016/S0003-2670(00)84485-2',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Coated tubular solid-state chloride-selective electrode in flow injection analysis', Anal. Chim. Acta, 1986 179(1) 407-417',
			'firstchar' => 'C',
			'twochars' => 'Co',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Matrix' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 3 => array(
			'id' => '005071',
			'authors' => 'Trojanowicz, M.A.;Krawczynski Vel Krawczyk, T.;Augustyniak, W.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Marek Trojanowicz and Tadeusz Krawczyski vel Krawczyk, Wodzimierz Augustyniak',
			'title' => 'Simple antilog converter for conventional and flow injection measurements with ion-selective electrodes',
			'journal' => 'Anal. Chim. Acta',
			'journal_id' => '0584',
			'fadid' => 'ANCA1988V0207P00325',
			'year' => '1988',
			'volume' => '207',
			'issue' => '1-2',
			'startpage' => '325',
			'endpage' => '330',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;0686;0982;1936;',
			'matrices' => '',
			'techniques' => ';0290;0295;0298;0322;0400;',
			'keywords' => ';0043;0090;0144;',
			'abstract' => 'A simple antilog. converter based on an antilog. amplifier is described. In potentiometric measurements it produced an output voltage which depended rectilinearly on the concentration. of the sensed species over two orders of magnitude. Signals obtained in measurements with Cl-, F-, K+ and Cu(II) ion-selective electrodes ranged from 1.0 to 10.0 V. The converter was used for flow injection potentiometry within one concentration. decade, but its sensitivity depended on the dispersion in the flow system.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '15',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 15:53:56',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '00320',
			'pauthor' => '!Trojanowicz, M.A.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1016/S0003-2670(00)80809-0',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Simple antilog converter for conventional and flow injection measurements with ion-selective electrodes', Anal. Chim. Acta, 1988 207(1-2) 325-330',
			'firstchar' => 'S',
			'twochars' => 'Si',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 4 => array(
			'id' => '005694',
			'authors' => 'Van Staden, J.F.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Jacobus F. van Staden',
			'title' => 'Response time phenomena of coated open-tubular solid-state silver halide-selective electrodes and their influence on sample dispersion in flow injection analysis',
			'journal' => 'Anal. Chim. Acta',
			'journal_id' => '0584',
			'fadid' => 'ANCA1992V0261P00381',
			'year' => '1992',
			'volume' => '261',
			'issue' => '1-2',
			'startpage' => '381',
			'endpage' => '390',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0451;0594;1275;',
			'matrices' => '',
			'techniques' => ';0283;0290;0303;',
			'keywords' => ';0302;0410;0119;',
			'abstract' => 'A comparative study has been made of the response times of coated open-tubular Ag membrane electrodes selective towards Cl-, Br- or I- (cf. Ibid., 1986, 179, 407) as they affect the throughput of flow injection analysis systems. The tubular indicator electrodes were used in conjunction with an Orion 90-02 double-junction reference electrode with 10% KNO3 solution in its outer chamber. The digitized signals were smoothed by applying the DS (data sets) Cat and Smooth operations of the ASYST software; typical background-corrected graphs for the flow injection measurement of halides (10 to 5000 mg l-1) are reproduced. Examination of the leading edges of the various peaks showed that their rate of response was independent of concentration. and did not significantly decrease the sampling rate, although the response of the Br- electrode at the initial peak-formation stages near the baseline was slightly slower than that of the others. The rate of response of the trailing edges was mainly responsible for the sampling rate in an optimized flow injection system, and the I- electrode showed a memory effect, which was largely responsible for the low sampling rate of this system compared with similar systems with the other two electrodes. The contribution of the memory effect or response time phenomena of coated open-tubular solid state chloride-, bromide-, and iodide-selective electrodes on the anal. output in flow injection systems are presented for concentration. ranges between 10 and 5000 mg L-1. The rate of response for the leading edges of all three electrodes due to electrode properties are independent of concentration. and do not contribute significantly to any decrease in sampling rate, although the rate of response of the bromide-selective electrode flow injection analysis (FIA) system seems to be slightly slower than the other two electrode systems at the initial peak-formation stages near the base line. The rate of response for the tailing edges of the different electrodes due to electrode properties is mainly responsible for the sampling rate obtained in an optimized FIA-ISE system. The memory effect of the iodide-selective electrode is mainly responsible for the fact that the sampling rate of this system is very much lower than the sampling rate obtained for similar systems with the other two electrodes. For the bromide-selective electrode system, the slower rate of response due to electrode properties at the tailing edges (especially with high concentrations of bromide) than that of the chloride-selective electrode, contributes mainly to a lower sampling output for the bromide-selective electrode-FIA system when compared with the chloride electrode system.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '6',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 16:06:13',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '00328',
			'pauthor' => '!Van Staden, J.F.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1016/0003-2670(92)80217-U',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Response time phenomena of coated open-tubular solid-state silver halide-selective electrodes and their influence on sample dispersion in flow injection analysis', Anal. Chim. Acta, 1992 261(1-2) 381-390',
			'firstchar' => 'R',
			'twochars' => 'Re',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 5 => array(
			'id' => '005877',
			'authors' => 'Hauser, P.C.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Peter C. Hauser*',
			'title' => 'Trioctyltin chloride as carrier for a chloride-selective electrode in flow injection potentiometry',
			'journal' => 'Anal. Chim. Acta',
			'journal_id' => '0584',
			'fadid' => 'ANCA1993V0278P00227',
			'year' => '1993',
			'volume' => '278',
			'issue' => '2',
			'startpage' => '227',
			'endpage' => '232',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;',
			'matrices' => '',
			'techniques' => ';0400;0290;',
			'keywords' => '',
			'abstract' => 'Trioctyltin chloride was dissolved in THF with bis-(1-butylpentyl)adipate and PVC, then an ISE was constructed with the membrane solution and a Ag wire. The ISE was incorporated into a flow injection cell [cf. Analyst (London), 1988, 113, 1551] and FIA was carried out to determine chloride concentration. in standard solution The inherent instability of the trioctyltin chloride was eliminated in the flow injection mode. Calibration graphs were rectilinear from 1-100 mM chloride and the detection limit was 0.1 mM; no RSD is given.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '6',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 16:09:29',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '01004',
			'pauthor' => '!Hauser, P.C.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1016/0003-2670(93)85103-Q',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Trioctyltin chloride as carrier for a chloride-selective electrode in flow injection potentiometry', Anal. Chim. Acta, 1993 278(2) 227-232',
			'firstchar' => 'T',
			'twochars' => 'Tr',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]),
			'Keyword' => array([maximum depth reached])
		),
		(int) 6 => array(
			'id' => '006206',
			'authors' => 'Rizov, I.;Ilcheva, L.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Ivelin Rizov* and Liliana Ilcheva',
			'title' => 'Differential flow injection potentiometry',
			'journal' => 'Anal. Chim. Acta',
			'journal_id' => '0584',
			'fadid' => 'ANCA1995V0311P00175',
			'year' => '1995',
			'volume' => '311',
			'issue' => '2',
			'startpage' => '175',
			'endpage' => '181',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0205;0594;1588;',
			'matrices' => ';0630;1061;',
			'techniques' => ';0290;0312;0274;0400;',
			'keywords' => ';0130;',
			'abstract' => 'Flow injection potentiometric methods using two different ISE placed in series are described for the simultaneous determination of (i) nitrate and chloride and (ii) nitrate and ammonium. The flow injection manifold for the determination of nitrate and chloride consisted of a nitrate ISE separated from a chloride ISE by a reaction coil of 254 cm x 0.51 mm i.d. A sample volume of 60 &micro;L was injected into a 0.04 M Na2SO4 carrier stream (6.3 ml/min). The nitrate concentration was determined using the chloride ISE as a reference electrode and vice versa. The RSD (n = 13) for the determination of 0.1 mM nitrate and 1 mM chloride were 1.1 and 0.9%, respectively. A similar manifold is described for the determination of nitrate and ammonium using nitrate and ammonium ISE separated by a reaction coil of 284 cm x 0.51 mm i.d. The RSD (n = 12) for the determination of nitrate and ammonium in waste water from a urea production plant were 1.1 and 0.9%, respectively.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '14',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 16:17:25',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => null,
			'pauthor' => 'Rizov, I.',
			'address' => 'Department of Analytical Chemistry, Higher Institute of Chemical Technology, 8 Kl. Ochridsky Str., 1756, Sofia, Bulgaria',
			'email' => 'NA',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1016/0003-2670(95)00187-5',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Differential flow injection potentiometry', Anal. Chim. Acta, 1995 311(2) 175-181',
			'firstchar' => 'D',
			'twochars' => 'Di',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Matrix' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 7 => array(
			'id' => '006911',
			'authors' => 'Krawczynski Vel Krawczyk, T.;Szostek, B.;Trojanowicz, M.A.',
			'authorsweb' => 'T. Krawczyski vel Krawczyk, B. Szostek and M. Trojanowicz  ',
			'title' => 'Oxidative removal of interferences in flow injection potentiometric determination of chloride',
			'journal' => 'Talanta',
			'journal_id' => '0569',
			'fadid' => 'TALT1989V0036P00811',
			'year' => '1989',
			'volume' => '36',
			'issue' => '8',
			'startpage' => '811',
			'endpage' => '815',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;',
			'matrices' => '',
			'techniques' => ';0400;0290;',
			'keywords' => ';0217;',
			'abstract' => 'The flow injection system consisted of a multi-channel peristaltic pump, a laboratory-built rotary injection valve with an exchangeable sample loop, a constant-temp. delay coil and a large-volume wall-jet cell. Chloride-sensing electrodes (Ag - AgCl and AgCl - Ag2S membrane) were used in conjunction with an Orion 90-02 double-junction reference electrode. With 0.1 M KBrO3 in 1 M HNO3 as the carrier solution, direct potentiometric determination of Cl- in the presence of excess of Br-, I-, S2- and CN- could be carried out at a max. sampling rate of 120 h-1. Calibration graphs were rectilinear from 10 to 1000 ppm of Cl-, and the coefficient of variation for Br--to-Cl- wt. ratios of 1:1, 1:10 and 25:1 were 1.5, 0.2 and 0.5%, respectively.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '60',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 14:55:16',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '00320',
			'pauthor' => '!Trojanowicz, M.A.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1016/0039-9140(89)80159-6',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Oxidative removal of interferences in flow injection potentiometric determination of chloride', Talanta, 1989 36(8) 811-815',
			'firstchar' => 'O',
			'twochars' => 'Ox',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 8 => array(
			'id' => '006998',
			'authors' => 'Najib, F.M.;Othman, S.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Fadhil M. Najib* and Shireen Othman,  ',
			'title' => 'Simultaneous determination of chloride, bromide, iodide and fluoride with flow injection - ion-selective electrode systems',
			'journal' => 'Talanta',
			'journal_id' => '0569',
			'fadid' => 'TALT1992V0039P01259',
			'year' => '1992',
			'volume' => '39',
			'issue' => '10',
			'startpage' => '1259',
			'endpage' => '1267',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;0451;1275;0982;',
			'matrices' => ';0372;',
			'techniques' => ';0283;0290;0298;0303;',
			'keywords' => ';0258;0320;0217;',
			'abstract' => 'Electrodes for Cl-, Br- and I- were constructed (preparation described) from Ag2 - AgCl or AgBr (1:1) and Ag2S - AgI (1:3); for F- a commercial electrode was used. By combining the electrodes and suppressor columns of AgCl and amalgamated Pb, the ions were simultaneously determined in a carrier stream (0.5 mL min-1) of e.g. 0.1 M HClO4 at pH 4.0. The calibration graphs were rectilinear down to 100, 5, 1 and 5 &micro;M for Cl-, Br-, I- and F-, respectively. The reproducibility was 1% for the determination of the halides in eight water samples, the results agreed well with those obtained by three reference methods. Flow-through ion-selective electrodes were constructed from compressed pellets (8-10 mm thick, 13 mm diameter, 10 tons/cm2 pressure) of Ag2S/AgX (X = Cl-, Br- or I-) drilled longitudinally (1.5 mm diameter hole) to be suitable for use in flow injection analysis. A column of AgCl (5.5 cm long, 2-3 mm internal diameter) was included in the Cl- electrode manifold to remove interferences from 10^-4 M Br- and 3 x 10^-5 M I- and S2-. A column of amalgamated lead (2-3 cm long, 2-3 mm internal diameter) was used in the Br--electrode manifold to remove interference from 2 x 10^-5 M I-, 3 x 10^-5 M S2- and 7 x 10^-4 M Cl-. These columns and the addition of ascorbic acid were not required when I- was determined with the iodide electrode. The carrier stream was 0.1 M sodium perchlorate (pH 4) at a flow-rate of 0.5 mL/min. The sample pH could be 4-7. Simultaneous determination of Cl- and I-, Cl-, I- and Br-, and Cl-, I-, Br- and F- ions was possible with combinations of the corresponding electrodes and columns in series and/or parallel in specially designed manifolds. Calibration plots were linear, with almost theoretical slopes, down to 10^-6 M I-, 5 x 10^-6 M Br-, 10^-4 M Cl- and 5 x 10^-6 M F-, with precision better than 1%. Sampling rates for single-ion determinations were 72, 102, 90 and 80 per h for the one-, two-, three- and four-electrode systems respectively. Determinations of these ions in water samples by the recommended procedure and by established batch methods showed no significant difference at the 95% confidence limits in a paired comparison t-test.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '28',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 14:59:47',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => null,
			'pauthor' => 'Najib, F.M.',
			'address' => 'Department of Chemistry, University of Salahaddin, Arbil, Iraq',
			'email' => 'NA',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1016/0039-9140(92)80234-5',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Simultaneous determination of chloride, bromide, iodide and fluoride with flow injection - ion-selective electrode systems', Talanta, 1992 39(10) 1259-1267',
			'firstchar' => 'S',
			'twochars' => 'Si',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Matrix' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 9 => array(
			'id' => '007402',
			'authors' => 'Midgley, D.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Derek Midgley',
			'title' => 'Determination of chloride and fluoride in boronated water',
			'journal' => 'Analyst',
			'journal_id' => '0864',
			'fadid' => 'ANAL1985V0110P00841',
			'year' => '1985',
			'volume' => '110',
			'issue' => '7',
			'startpage' => '841',
			'endpage' => '845',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;0982;',
			'matrices' => ';1068;',
			'techniques' => ';0290;0298;0400;',
			'keywords' => '',
			'abstract' => 'The performance of chloride-and fluoride-selective electrodes in boronated waters, typical of a pressurised water reactor (PWR) primary coolant, has been investigated. The precision and sensitivity of the mercury(I) chloride-mercury(II) sulphide membrane electrode were unaffected by the boric acid medium and the electrode was adequate for measurements below the specified limit of 150-200 &micro;g l-1 of chloride. Measurements of fluoride concentration in the range 25-250 &micro;g l-1 were straightforward, with a relative standard deviation of about 2%. The lanthanum fluoride membrane electrode can, therefore, be used to check that PWR primary coolant is within the specified limit of 150 &micro;g l-1. The boric acid in the sample causes a bias in direct potentiometry for fluoride, but this can be corrected by a simple mathematical equation. Alternatively, the bias can be avoided by the use of known addition potentiometry. Fluoride electrodes deviate from the theoretical sensitivity below a concentration of about 25 &micro;g l-1, but still have ample sensitivity down to 1 &micro;g l-1. In this concentration range, however, the response is very slow, taking 40-120 min to reach equilibrium and there is considerable variation between individual electrodes.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '8',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 00:01:01',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => null,
			'pauthor' => 'Midgley, D.',
			'address' => 'NA',
			'email' => 'NA',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1039/an9851000841',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Determination of chloride and fluoride in boronated water', Analyst, 1985 110(7) 841-845',
			'firstchar' => 'D',
			'twochars' => 'De',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Matrix' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Keyword' => array([maximum depth reached])
		),
		(int) 10 => array(
			'id' => '007424',
			'authors' => 'Van Staden, J.F.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Jacobus F. van Staden',
			'title' => 'Electrodes in series. Simultaneous flow injection determination of chloride and pH with ion-selective electrodes',
			'journal' => 'Analyst',
			'journal_id' => '0864',
			'fadid' => 'ANAL1986V0111P01231',
			'year' => '1986',
			'volume' => '111',
			'issue' => '11',
			'startpage' => '1231',
			'endpage' => '1234',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;1780;',
			'matrices' => '',
			'techniques' => ';0181;0224;0290;0400;',
			'keywords' => ';0420;',
			'abstract' => 'A tubular flow-through Cl--selective cell (cf. Anal. Chim. Acta, 1986, 179, 407) and a micro-combination pH electrode and double-junction reference electrode with 10% KNO3 solution as the outer chamber filling solution were incorporated in series into a flow injection system. Aliquots (30 &micro;L) of solution (pH 3 to 10) containing 0.02 to 5.0 g L-1 of NaCl were injected at a rate of 60 samples h-1 into ionic-strength adjustment buffer (pH 7.6) containing 0.5 M KNO3 and 10 mM NaH2PO4. Rectilinear calibration graphs were achieved across the pH range, and the Cl- concentration. had no effect on pH measurement. Standard deviations of <1.5% for Cl- and 1% for pH measurement were achieved with the system.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '7',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 00:01:45',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '00328',
			'pauthor' => '!Van Staden, J.F.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1039/an9861101231',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Electrodes in series. Simultaneous flow injection determination of chloride and pH with ion-selective electrodes', Analyst, 1986 111(11) 1231-1234',
			'firstchar' => 'E',
			'twochars' => 'El',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 11 => array(
			'id' => '007498',
			'authors' => 'Hauser, P.C.;Tan, S.S.;Cardwell, T.J.;Cattrall, R.W.;Hamilton, I.C.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Peter C. Hauser, Susie S. Tan, Terence J. Cardwell, Robert W. Cattrall and Ian C. Hamilton',
			'title' => 'Versatile manifold for the simultaneous determination of ions in flow injection analysis',
			'journal' => 'Analyst',
			'journal_id' => '0864',
			'fadid' => 'ANAL1988V0113P01551',
			'year' => '1988',
			'volume' => '113',
			'issue' => '10',
			'startpage' => '1551',
			'endpage' => '1555',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';1936;0485;0205;0594;1588;1841;',
			'matrices' => ';0325;',
			'techniques' => ';0285;0290;0312;0322;0400;0493;',
			'keywords' => ';0173;0420;',
			'abstract' => 'A flow injection analysis system is described for the simultaneous determination in plant nutrient solution of K+, Ca(II), NO3- and Cl- by potentiometry, and NH4+ and PO43- by spectrophotometry. Diagrams of the manifold and the spectrophotometric transducer are given. Potentiometric measurements were made with PVC-based ion-selective membranes; the carrier stream was 0.2 M Na acetate buffer. Ammonium ion was determined by the gas diffusion method with use of cresol red and thymol blue. Absorbance was measured at 605 nm. The calibration graph covered the range from 0.5 to 25 mg L-1 as N. Phosphate was determined by the molybdenum blue method, with absorbance measurement at 820 nm; the calibration graph covered the range from 0.5 to 25 mg l-1. Results agreed well with expected values.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '14',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 00:03:52',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '00071',
			'pauthor' => '!Cardwell, T.J.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1039/an9881301551',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Versatile manifold for the simultaneous determination of ions in flow injection analysis', Analyst, 1988 113(10) 1551-1555',
			'firstchar' => 'V',
			'twochars' => 'Ve',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Matrix' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 12 => array(
			'id' => '007551',
			'authors' => 'Hara, H.;Mitani, O.;Okazaki, S.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Hirokazu Hara, Osamu Mitani and Satoshi Okazaki',
			'title' => 'Alternate sample/standard exchange method using a pair of identical ion-selective electrodes for the improvement of precision in an automated potentiometric analysis system',
			'journal' => 'Analyst',
			'journal_id' => '0864',
			'fadid' => 'ANAL1989V0114P00923',
			'year' => '1989',
			'volume' => '114',
			'issue' => '8',
			'startpage' => '923',
			'endpage' => '927',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => '',
			'matrices' => '',
			'techniques' => ';0400;0290;0312;',
			'keywords' => ';0044;',
			'abstract' => 'The use of an automated potentiometric analysis system with a pair of identical ion-selective electrodes as the detector is described. The sample and standard solutions were introduced simultaneously into the flow cell, which was equipped with a pair of identical ion-selective electrodes. The sample and standard streams were then exchanged with each other by using a four-way valve controlled by a microcomputer. The potential difference between the two electrodes was measured before and after switching of the four-way valve. Hence the effect of the potential shift of the ion-selective electrodes could theoretically be cancelled. The characteristics of the system were investigated by using nitrate or chloride ion-selective electrode pairs. A precision of <1% was achieved for five successive measurements when the sample concentration was close to that of the base standard solution.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '2',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 00:04:26',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => null,
			'pauthor' => 'NA',
			'address' => 'NA',
			'email' => 'NA',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1039/an9891400923',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Alternate sample/standard exchange method using a pair of identical ion-selective electrodes for the improvement of precision in an automated potentiometric analysis system', Analyst, 1989 114(8) 923-927',
			'firstchar' => 'A',
			'twochars' => 'Al',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array([maximum depth reached]),
			'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 13 => array(
			'id' => '007648',
			'authors' => 'Van Staden, J.F.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Jacobus F. van Staden',
			'title' => 'Comparison of the influence and contribution of the response times of coated open-tubular solid-state bromide- and chloride-selective electrodes on the analytical throughput (dispersion) in flow injection systems',
			'journal' => 'Analyst',
			'journal_id' => '0864',
			'fadid' => 'ANAL1992V0117P00051',
			'year' => '1992',
			'volume' => '117',
			'issue' => '1',
			'startpage' => '51',
			'endpage' => '56',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => '',
			'matrices' => '',
			'techniques' => ';0283;0290;',
			'keywords' => ';0302;0119;',
			'abstract' => 'The cited study was performed for 10 to 5000 mg L-1 of Br- and Cl-. For both electrodes the adsorption rate is independent of concentration. and does not contribute significantly to any decrease in the sampling rate, although the adsorption rate of the Cl-selective electrode in the system is slightly faster than the Br system. For both electrodes the desorption process is mainly responsible for the sampling rate obtained in an optimized flow injection ion-selective electrode system. An electrode memory of the Br-selective electrode is the main reason for the sampling rate of this system being lower than that obtained for a similar flow injection system with a Cl-selective electrode. An evaluation of the influence and contribution of the response times of coated open-tubular solid-state bromide- and chloride-selective electrodes on the anal. throughput (dispersion) in flow injection (FI) systems is presented using concentration ranges of 10^-5000 mg L-1 for bromide and chloride, respectively. For both electrodes the adsorption rate is independent of concentration. and does not contribute significantly to any decrease in the sampling rate, although the adsorption rate of the chloride-selective electrode in the FI system seems to be slightly faster than the bromide system. For both electrodes the desorption mechanism process is mainly responsible for the sampling rate obtained in an optimized FI-ion-selective electrode system. An electrode memory of the bromide-selective electrode is the main reason for the sampling rate of this system being lower than that obtained for a similar FI system with a chloride-selective electrode.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '4',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 08:32:27',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '00328',
			'pauthor' => '!Van Staden, J.F.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1039/an9921700051',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Comparison of the influence and contribution of the response times of coated open-tubular solid-state bromide- and chloride-selective electrodes on the analytical throughput (dispersion) in flow injection systems', Analyst, 1992 117(1) 51-56',
			'firstchar' => 'C',
			'twochars' => 'Co',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array([maximum depth reached]),
			'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 14 => array(
			'id' => '007890',
			'authors' => 'Ferreira, I.M.P.L.V.O.;Lima, J.L.F.C.;Montenegro, M.C.B.S.M.;Perez Olmos, R.;Rios, A.',
			'authorsweb' => 'I. M. P. L. V. O. Ferreira, J. L. F. C. Lima, M. C. B. S. M. Montenegro, R. P&eacute;rez Olmos and A. Rios',
			'title' => 'Simultaneous assay of nitrite, nitrate and chloride in meat products by a flow injection method',
			'journal' => 'Analyst',
			'journal_id' => '0864',
			'fadid' => 'ANAL1996V0121P01393',
			'year' => '1996',
			'volume' => '121',
			'issue' => '10',
			'startpage' => '1393',
			'endpage' => '1396',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;1588;1592;',
			'matrices' => ';0715;0723;',
			'techniques' => ';0400;0290;0224;',
			'keywords' => ';0379;0054;0393;',
			'abstract' => 'Sample was homogenized and extracted with hot water and the extract was purified and filtered. A portion (100 &micro;L) of the filtrate was injected into a carrier stream (2.9 ml/min) of 50 mM Na2SO4/0.02 mM NaCl of a flow injection manifold (schematic shown). Chloride (I) was determined potentiometrically a tubular ISE (cf. Ferreira et al., Fresenius' J. Anal. Chem., 1993, 374, 314). The carrier was mixed with a buffer stream (0.5 ml/min) of NH4Cl/sodium tetraborate/Na2EDTA and split into two. One stream passed through a Cd/Cu column to reduce nitrate (II) to nitrite (III). The two streams subsequently passed through a confluence point and were mixed a reagent stream (1 ml/min) of acidified sulfanilamide/N-(1-naphthyl)ethylenediamine dihydrochloride and the absorbance was measured (wavelength not given). As each channel had a different residence time, two peaks were obtained, one for nitrite III and one for total N: II was measured by difference. The calibration graphs were linear from 0.01-0.1 M I, up to 104 ppm II and from 0.03-0.2 ppm III. RSD (n = 10) were 2.5, 0.7 and 1.1%, respectively, for I, II and III.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '12',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 09:30:58',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => null,
			'pauthor' => 'NA',
			'address' => 'NA',
			'email' => 'NA',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1039/an9962101393',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Simultaneous assay of nitrite, nitrate and chloride in meat products by a flow injection method', Analyst, 1996 121(10) 1393-1396',
			'firstchar' => 'S',
			'twochars' => 'Si',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Matrix' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 15 => array(
			'id' => '007971',
			'authors' => 'Alvares Ribeiro, L.M.B.C.;Machado, A.A.S.C.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Luis M. B. C. &Aacute;lvares-Ribeiro and Ad&eacute;lio A. S. C. Machado',
			'title' => 'Optimization of a bipotentiometric flow injection analysis system for simultaneous determination of calcium and chloride ions in natural waters',
			'journal' => 'Analyst',
			'journal_id' => '0864',
			'fadid' => 'ANAL1998V0123P00653',
			'year' => '1998',
			'volume' => '123',
			'issue' => '4',
			'startpage' => '653',
			'endpage' => '659',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0485;0594;',
			'matrices' => ';0372;',
			'techniques' => ';0017;0285;0290;',
			'keywords' => ';0418;0302;0441;0258;0217;',
			'abstract' => 'Experimental optimization using the modified simplex method of a bipotentiometric flow injection analysis (FIA) system, constituted by two different ion selective electrodes (ISE) placed in series, for the simultaneous determination of Ca2+ and Cl- in water is reported. The response function used was a weighted linear combination of three variables, chosen to achieve maximization of the Ca2+ electrode sensitivity, minimization of the interference of the Ca2+ signal on the Cl- response, and maximization of the sampling rate. The optimized system can determine Ca2+ from 5 x 10^-5 to 5 x 10^-3 mol/L with a sensitivity of ~27 mV/decade and Cl- from 2 x 10^-4 to 2 x 10^-2 mol/L (the max. value tested), with a sensitivity of ~55 mV/decade. Repeatability was 1.9 and 0.6%, respectively, at 2 x 10^-4 and 2.2 x 10^-3 mol/L (8 and 90 mg/L), for Ca2+ determinations, and 1.8 and 1.2%, respectively, at 3.4 x 10^-4 and 8.3 x 10^-4 mol/L (12 and 29 mg/L), for Cl- determinations A sampling rate of 40/h was obtained. The affect of ionic strength on the results is discussed. The relative accuracy of the bipotentiometric FIA system was demonstrated by determining the content of both ions in natural water in parallel with ASTM certified methods.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '11',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 09:52:00',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '01134',
			'pauthor' => '!Machado, A.A.S.C.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1039/a708289d',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Optimization of a bipotentiometric flow injection analysis system for simultaneous determination of calcium and chloride ions in natural waters', Analyst, 1998 123(4) 653-659',
			'firstchar' => 'O',
			'twochars' => 'Op',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
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				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 16 => array(
			'id' => '008879',
			'authors' => 'Ilcheva, L.K.;Cammann, K.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Liliana Ilcheva and Karl Cammann',
			'title' => 'Flow injection analysis of chloride in tap and sewage water using ion-selective electrode detection',
			'journal' => 'Fresenius J. Anal. Chem.',
			'journal_id' => '0944',
			'fadid' => 'FJAC1985V0322P00323',
			'year' => '1985',
			'volume' => '322',
			'issue' => '3',
			'startpage' => '323',
			'endpage' => '326',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;',
			'matrices' => ';1069;1057;',
			'techniques' => ';0159;0290;',
			'keywords' => ';0217;',
			'abstract' => 'Tap-water or sewage water was analyzed by flow injection analysis with injection into the carrier stream (1.5 mL min-1) of 0.1 M KNO3, which flowed down a vertically suspended strip of filter-paper connected to a single-crystal AgCl membrane electrode and a double-junction reference electrode. Sixty samples h-1 could be analyzed and no serious interference was observed from S2-, I- or Br-. The limit of detection was 10 &micro;M-Cl- and the coefficient of variation were 5 and 10% at >100 and 10 &micro;M, respectively.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '11',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 00:20:16',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '00901',
			'pauthor' => '!Cammann, K.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1007/BF00490916',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Flow injection analysis of chloride in tap and sewage water using ion-selective electrode detection', Fresenius J. Anal. Chem., 1985 322(3) 323-326',
			'firstchar' => 'F',
			'twochars' => 'Fl',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
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				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 17 => array(
			'id' => '008889',
			'authors' => 'Ilcheva, L.K.;Cammann, K.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Liliana Ilcheva and Karl Cammann   ',
			'title' => 'Simple, selective and sensitive liquid chromatographic or flow injection detector for chloro-organic compounds based on ion-selective electrodes',
			'journal' => 'Fresenius J. Anal. Chem.',
			'journal_id' => '0944',
			'fadid' => 'FJAC1986V0325P00011',
			'year' => '1986',
			'volume' => '325',
			'issue' => '1',
			'startpage' => '11',
			'endpage' => '14',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0598;',
			'matrices' => '',
			'techniques' => ';0038;0290;',
			'keywords' => '',
			'abstract' => 'The Cl- liberated by the electrolytic decomposition of chloroacetone (I) and the decomposition of I and 1-chloro-4-nitrobenzene by UV radiation was determined by using the detector of Ilcheva and Cammann (Ibid., 1985, 322, 323). The detection limit was in the nmol range. In the analysis of 50 &micro;L of a 1 mM solution of Cl compound the coefficient of variation was ~5%. The detector, which can also be used to determine Br-, I- and S2- by using an appropriate ion-selective electrode, may be useful in LC.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '3',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 00:20:27',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '00901',
			'pauthor' => '!Cammann, K.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1007/BF00983396',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Simple, selective and sensitive liquid chromatographic or flow injection detector for chloro-organic compounds based on ion-selective electrodes', Fresenius J. Anal. Chem., 1986 325(1) 11-14',
			'firstchar' => 'S',
			'twochars' => 'Si',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]),
			'Keyword' => array([maximum depth reached])
		),
		(int) 18 => array(
			'id' => '008906',
			'authors' => 'Van Staden, J.F.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Jacobus F. van Staden',
			'title' => 'Online quality control in concentrated hydrochloric acid production plants. Flow injection determination of hydrochloric acid content in concentrated hydrochloric acid by automated pre-valve dilution and a coated tubular solid-state chloride-selective ele',
			'journal' => 'Fresenius J. Anal. Chem.',
			'journal_id' => '0944',
			'fadid' => 'FJAC1987V0328P00068',
			'year' => '1987',
			'volume' => '328',
			'issue' => '1-2',
			'startpage' => '68',
			'endpage' => '70',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';1188;',
			'matrices' => ';0644;',
			'techniques' => ';0224;0290;0400;',
			'keywords' => ';0258;',
			'abstract' => 'Diluted samples (30 &micro;L) are mixed with 1 M KNO3 as carrier solution for determination at a flow-through tubular indicator electrode, used in conjunction with an Orion 90-02 double-junction reference electrode with 10% KNO3 as outer chamber filling solution The sampling rate is 60 h-1. The construction, preparation and conditioning of the electrode are similar to a previously described procedure (Anal. Chim. Acta, 1986, 179, 407). The method is applied to samples containing 9 to 38% of HCl. Results for this method agree well with those obtained by using the Na2CO3 and Volhard titration procedures. The coefficient of variation for samples of different HCl content is <0.6% (n = 15).',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '9',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 00:20:49',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '00328',
			'pauthor' => '!Van Staden, J.F.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1007/BF00560951',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Online quality control in concentrated hydrochloric acid production plants. Flow injection determination of hydrochloric acid content in concentrated hydrochloric acid by automated pre-valve dilution and a coated tubular solid-state chloride-selective ele', Fresenius J. Anal. Chem., 1987 328(1-2) 68-70',
			'firstchar' => 'O',
			'twochars' => 'On',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
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				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 19 => array(
			'id' => '008907',
			'authors' => 'Ilcheva, L.;Trojanowicz, M.A.;Krawczynski Vel Krawczyk, T.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Liliana Ilcheva, Marek Trojanowicz and Tadeusz Krawczynski vel Krawczyk',
			'title' => 'Effect of addition of main ion to carrier solution in potentiometric flow injection measurements with solid state ion-selective electrodes',
			'journal' => 'Fresenius J. Anal. Chem.',
			'journal_id' => '0944',
			'fadid' => 'FJAC1987V0328P00027',
			'year' => '1987',
			'volume' => '328',
			'issue' => '1-2',
			'startpage' => '27',
			'endpage' => '32',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0982;0594;1275;0684;',
			'matrices' => '',
			'techniques' => ';0238;0290;0295;0298;0303;0400;',
			'keywords' => ';0401;0464;',
			'abstract' => 'Flow injection measurements were made by using a flow-through cup (described and illustrated) and Cl--, F--, I-- and Cu(II)-selective electrodes. The addition of the main ion to the carrier solution to create a constant background level of main ion produces a significant improvement in response for the F-- and I--selective electrodes. However, a very slow return of the potential value to the baseline is observed for I- measurements; this is attributable to the slow desorption of I- from the electrode surface. The super-Nernstian slope observed for the F-- and Cu(II)-selective electrodes in the absence of F- or Cu(II) in the carrier solution decreased to Nernstian values in the presence of the ions in the carrier solution',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '27',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 00:20:46',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '00320',
			'pauthor' => '!Trojanowicz, M.A.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1007/BF00560942',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Effect of addition of main ion to carrier solution in potentiometric flow injection measurements with solid state ion-selective electrodes', Fresenius J. Anal. Chem., 1987 328(1-2) 27-32',
			'firstchar' => 'E',
			'twochars' => 'Ef',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 20 => array(
			'id' => '008965',
			'authors' => 'Frenzel, W.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Wolfgang Frenzel',
			'title' => 'Application of flow injection potentiometry to the determination of chloride in various matrices',
			'journal' => 'Fresenius J. Anal. Chem.',
			'journal_id' => '0944',
			'fadid' => 'FJAC1989V0335P00931',
			'year' => '1989',
			'volume' => '335',
			'issue' => '8',
			'startpage' => '931',
			'endpage' => '937',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;',
			'matrices' => ';1069;0390;0511;0667;',
			'techniques' => ';0216;0290;0400;',
			'keywords' => ';0401;0109;0302;',
			'abstract' => 'Chloride-selective electrodes were prepared from silver tubes (1 cm x 0.3 to 1.0 mm i.d.); the inner wall was coated with AgCl. Behaviour under steady-state and flow injection conditions was studied and the influence of system parameters on sensitivity, detection limit, response time and sample throughput was discussed. Sample throughput was 60 to 200 h-1. The calibration graph was rectilinear from 0.1 to 10,000 mg L-1 of Cl-, with a detection limit of 0.01 mg L-1 and a coefficient of variation of 1%. The method was applied in the analysis of tap and mineral water, emission control of HCl and the determination of Cl- in silicon nitride.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '15',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 00:22:09',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '00154',
			'pauthor' => '!Frenzel, W.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1007/BF00466385',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Application of flow injection potentiometry to the determination of chloride in various matrices', Fresenius J. Anal. Chem., 1989 335(8) 931-937',
			'firstchar' => 'A',
			'twochars' => 'Ap',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Matrix' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 21 => array(
			'id' => '008979',
			'authors' => 'Van Staden, J.F.;Van Rensburg, A.',
			'authorsweb' => 'J. F. van Staden and A. van Rensburg',
			'title' => 'Three component flow injection analysis with online dialysis. Simultaneous determination of free calcium, total calcium and total chloride in milk by flow injection analysis and online dialysis',
			'journal' => 'Fresenius J. Anal. Chem.',
			'journal_id' => '0944',
			'fadid' => 'FJAC1990V0337P00393',
			'year' => '1990',
			'volume' => '337',
			'issue' => '4',
			'startpage' => '393',
			'endpage' => '397',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0485;',
			'matrices' => ';0007;',
			'techniques' => ';0452;0290;',
			'keywords' => ';0111;0420;0217;',
			'abstract' => 'Milk (30 &micro;L) samples (at 1 sample per min) are directed to three different channels by the use of two dialysers in series. For the determination of free Ca, interference is eliminated by using the first dialyser (which also separates total and free Ca) and determination is by spectrophotometry at 580 nm. For the determination of total Ca by AAS at 422.7 nm, interference from phosphate is overcome by the use of N2O - acetylene flame with the necessary suppression with K ions. The second dialyser in series is used to eliminate interferences (e.g., from casein) before dialysed Cl is measured with a coated tubular chloride-selective electrode. The coefficient of variation for 110 to 170 mg L-1 of free Ca, 1000 to 1500 mg L-1 of total Ca and 1000 to 1800 mg L-1 of total Cl were >0.4, 1.0 and 0.3, respectively. This method compared with existing manual methods is faster, more accurate and reliable, and uses a single series of Ca standards for both total and free Ca determination.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '13',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 00:38:25',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '00328',
			'pauthor' => '!Van Staden, J.F.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1007/BF00322218',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Three component flow injection analysis with online dialysis. Simultaneous determination of free calcium, total calcium and total chloride in milk by flow injection analysis and online dialysis', Fresenius J. Anal. Chem., 1990 337(4) 393-397',
			'firstchar' => 'T',
			'twochars' => 'Th',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
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				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 22 => array(
			'id' => '009086',
			'authors' => 'Altunbulduk, T.;Meier zu Koecker, H.;Frenzel, W.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Tahir Altunbulduk, Heinz Meier zu K&ouml;cker and Wolfgang Frenzel',
			'title' => 'Studies on the elimination of sulfide interference in the potentiometric determination of chloride using ion selective electrodes in a flow injection system',
			'journal' => 'Fresenius J. Anal. Chem.',
			'journal_id' => '0944',
			'fadid' => 'FJAC1995V0351P00593',
			'year' => '1995',
			'volume' => '351',
			'issue' => '7',
			'startpage' => '593',
			'endpage' => '598',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;',
			'matrices' => '',
			'techniques' => ';0290;0400;',
			'keywords' => ';0217;',
			'abstract' => 'Detailed investigations have been reported on the application of a common procedure using bromate in nitric acid for the removal of the interference of sulfide in the direct potentiometric determination of chloride using silver-based ion selective electrodes in a flow injection system. It is shown that this procedure is not very efficient and carries a high risk of chloride underestimation. With increasing levels of sulfide the oxidation of chloride to elemental chlorine becomes progressively significant and under certain circumstances virtually no chloride is left irrespective of its initial concentration. Hydrogen peroxide in alkaline medium is proposed as a suitable alternative for the efficient removal of sulfide without any adverse effects on the potentiometric method.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '10',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 09:19:41',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '00154',
			'pauthor' => '!Frenzel, W.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1007/BF00323331',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Studies on the elimination of sulfide interference in the potentiometric determination of chloride using ion selective electrodes in a flow injection system', Fresenius J. Anal. Chem., 1995 351(7) 593-598',
			'firstchar' => 'S',
			'twochars' => 'St',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
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			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 23 => array(
			'id' => '009565',
			'authors' => 'Van Staden, J.F.',
			'authorsweb' => 'NA',
			'title' => 'Flow injection analysis of chloride in milk with a dialyzer and a coated tubular inorganic chloride-selective electrode',
			'journal' => 'Anal. Lett.',
			'journal_id' => '0820',
			'fadid' => 'ANLE1986V0019P01407',
			'year' => '1986',
			'volume' => '19',
			'issue' => '13&14',
			'startpage' => '1407',
			'endpage' => '1419',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;',
			'matrices' => ';0007;',
			'techniques' => ';0224;0290;',
			'keywords' => ';0111;0217;0258;0302;',
			'abstract' => 'A flow injection analysis system is described (manifold and flow diagram given), whereby samples (30 &micro;L) are introduced into a carrier stream (3.9 mL min-1) of 1 M KNO3 and pumped through a dialyser (16 cm x 3 cm x 2.5 cm) to remove interfering compounds. The dialysed Cl- in the recipient stream (as for carrier stream) is measured with a coated tubular flow-through Cl--selective electrode. The optimization and performance of the system are discussed and the results for the analysis of 10 milk samples are compared with those obtained by the Volhard titration method. For 30 &micro;L samples containing 0.25 to 5.0 g L-1 of Cl-, the coefficient of variation are <0.5% (n = 15).',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '2007-03-29 17:05:38',
			'hits' => '8',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 00:06:14',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '00328',
			'pauthor' => '!Van Staden, J.F.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1080/00032718608069115',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Flow injection analysis of chloride in milk with a dialyzer and a coated tubular inorganic chloride-selective electrode', Anal. Lett., 1986 19(13&14) 1407-1419',
			'firstchar' => 'F',
			'twochars' => 'Fl',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
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				[maximum depth reached]
			),
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				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 24 => array(
			'id' => '009931',
			'authors' => 'Alpizar, J.;Crespi, A.;Cladera, A.;Forteza, R.;Cerda, V.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Jes&uacute;s Alp&iacute;zar, Antonio Cresp&iacute;, Andreu Cladera, Rafael Forteza, V&iacute;ctor Cerd&agrave;',
			'title' => 'Simultaneous determination of chloride and fluoride ions in waters by sequential injection analysis',
			'journal' => 'Electroanalysis',
			'journal_id' => '1003',
			'fadid' => 'ELAN1996V0008P01051',
			'year' => '1996',
			'volume' => '8',
			'issue' => '11',
			'startpage' => '1051',
			'endpage' => '1054',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;0982;',
			'matrices' => ';1069;',
			'techniques' => ';0400;0218;0290;0298;',
			'keywords' => ';0404;0258;0446;',
			'abstract' => 'A sequential injection analysis (SIA) system was developed, based on chloride (I)-selective and fluoride (II)-selective electrodes placed in series, in conjunction with a Ag/AgCl reference electrode (diagram given). Water samples (0.2 ml) were subjected to SIA, sandwiched between 0.4 mL and 3.8 mL cyclohexane-1,2-diamine-NNN'N'-tetra-acetic acid as total ionic strength adjustment buffer, at a flow-rate of 4 ml/min and with potentiometric detection. Calibration graphs were linear from 20-500 &micro;g/ml I and 0.5-200 &micro;g/ml II. The RSD (n = 20) were 1% for 50 &micro;g/ml I and 3.7% for 1 &micro;g/ml II. Stopped-flow detection did not improve the results. The method was applied to potable water samples. The I results generally agreed with those obtained using a batch method and the Mohr method. Recoveries of II from spiked tap water were 92-109%.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '26',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 14:11:23',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '00077',
			'pauthor' => '!Cerda, V.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1002/elan.1140081113',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Simultaneous determination of chloride and fluoride ions in waters by sequential injection analysis', Electroanalysis, 1996 8(11) 1051-1054',
			'firstchar' => 'S',
			'twochars' => 'Si',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
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				[maximum depth reached]
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			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 25 => array(
			'id' => '009973',
			'authors' => 'Alexander, P.W.;Dimitrakopoulos, T.;Hibbert, D.B.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Peter W. Alexander*, Telis Dimitrakopoulos, D. Brynn Hibbert',
			'title' => 'A six sensor array of coated-wire electrodes for use in a portable flow injection analyzer',
			'journal' => 'Electroanalysis',
			'journal_id' => '1003',
			'fadid' => 'ELAN1998V0010P00707',
			'year' => '1998',
			'volume' => '10',
			'issue' => '10',
			'startpage' => '707',
			'endpage' => '712',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;0205;0485;1780;1588;1936;',
			'matrices' => ';1079;',
			'techniques' => ';0060;0290;0127;0400;',
			'keywords' => ';0258;',
			'abstract' => 'An array of 5 photo-cured epoxydiacrylate membrane electrodes incorporating ionophores and a Ag/AgCl wire electrode used as a chloride sensor were all used simultaneously in a previously reported multielectrode flow cell and in a portable flow injection analyzer described by P. Alexander et al. (1996). Photo-cured coated-wire electrodes for NH4+, Ca2+, H+ (pH), NO3-, and K+ and Ag/AgCl wire-based chloride electrode were developed for remote-site monitoring. The photo-cured membranes prepared exhibited strong adhesion to the metal substrate and showed improved mech. strength compared to PVC-based membranes. Each sensor in the present electrode-array exhibited near-Nernstian response over a log-linear range from 0.1-10 mM with detection limits of 0.01 mM in the flow injection potentiometric mode. The flow injection cell was capable of determining the respectively. ions in various water samples and the results were in good agreement with comparative anal. methods.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '30',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 14:12:37',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '00008',
			'pauthor' => '!Alexander, P.W.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1002/(SICI)1521-4109(199808)10:10<707::AID-ELAN707>3.3.CO;2-M',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''A six sensor array of coated-wire electrodes for use in a portable flow injection analyzer', Electroanalysis, 1998 10(10) 707-712',
			'firstchar' => 'A',
			'twochars' => 'A ',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
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		(int) 26 => array(
			'id' => '011780',
			'authors' => 'Trojanowicz, M.A.;Hulanicki, A.;Matuszewski, W.;Fuksiewicz, A.;Hulanicka Michalak, T.;Raszewski, S.;Szyller, J.;Augustyniak, W.',
			'authorsweb' => 'NA',
			'title' => 'Microprocessor-controlled flow injection system with potentiometric detection',
			'journal' => 'Chem. Anal.',
			'journal_id' => '0977',
			'fadid' => 'CHAN1987V0032P00709',
			'year' => '1987',
			'volume' => '32',
			'issue' => '5',
			'startpage' => '709',
			'endpage' => '721',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;1936;',
			'matrices' => ';0562;0372;',
			'techniques' => ';0290;0322;0400;',
			'keywords' => ';0044;0090;',
			'abstract' => 'A system is described for automated flow injection analysis with potentiometric ion-selective electrode detection. The system was tested for determination of Cl- in natural waters and of K in rock salt.',
			'language' => 'Polish',
			'updated' => '2014-10-23 20:46:01',
			'sjccheck' => 'No',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '0',
			'urlcheck' => '2006-05-20 18:55:53',
			'urlcheckcode' => '',
			'pauthor_id' => '00320',
			'pauthor' => '!Trojanowicz, M.A.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => 'NA SJC 102314',
			'url' => 'NA',
			'urltype' => 'NA',
			'gotpdf' => 'no',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Microprocessor-controlled flow injection system with potentiometric detection', Chem. Anal., 1987 32(5) 709-721',
			'firstchar' => 'M',
			'twochars' => 'Mi',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
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		),
		(int) 27 => array(
			'id' => '012297',
			'authors' => 'Lapa, R.A.S.;Lima, J.L.F.C.;Barrado, E.;Vela, H.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Lapa, Rui A. S.; Lima, Jose L. F. C.; Barrado, Enrique; Vela, Henar',
			'title' => 'Potentiometric determination of chloride in parenteral and haemodialysis solutions by FIA',
			'journal' => 'Il Farmaco',
			'journal_id' => '1171',
			'fadid' => 'FARM1997V0052P00127',
			'year' => '1997',
			'volume' => '52',
			'issue' => '2',
			'startpage' => '127',
			'endpage' => '130',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;',
			'matrices' => ';0142;0149;',
			'techniques' => ';0400;0290;',
			'keywords' => ';0111;0258;',
			'abstract' => 'To determine chloride in parenteral solutions, sample (200 &micro;L) was injected into a stream (4 ml/min) of 0.1 M KNO3/0.1 mM NaCl for 50-fold dilution prior to merging with a similar carrier stream. The flow passed through a mixing coil (50 cm) prior to potentiometric detection using a tubular chloride ISE based on a homogenous crystalline membrane. To determine chloride in haemodialysis solution a similar manifold was used, but with passage through a dialysis unit which enabled 200-fold dilutions to be performed to adjust the sample to within the linear range of the ISE, (0.1 mM to 0.2M). The dialysis solution was 0.1 M KNO3/0.1 mM NaCl. Recoveries were >=97% and RSD were 1.8-5.3%. Results agreed with those obtained using conventional methodology.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'No',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '0',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-24 19:38:33',
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			'pauthor_id' => null,
			'pauthor' => 'NA',
			'address' => 'NA',
			'email' => 'NA',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => 'eurekamag.com/research/003/237/003237392.php',
			'urltype' => 'absurl',
			'gotpdf' => 'no',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Potentiometric determination of chloride in parenteral and haemodialysis solutions by FIA', Il Farmaco, 1997 52(2) 127-130',
			'firstchar' => 'P',
			'twochars' => 'Po',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
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				[maximum depth reached]
			),
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				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 28 => array(
			'id' => '012533',
			'authors' => 'Zhang, Q.;Yu, Z.;Gao, Z.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Zhang Qing, Yu Zhenan and Gao Zhan',
			'title' => 'Ion-selective electrode - flow injection analysis for chlorine in water',
			'journal' => 'Fenxi Shiyanshi',
			'journal_id' => '0881',
			'fadid' => 'FXSS1986V0005P00014',
			'year' => '1986',
			'volume' => '5',
			'issue' => '6',
			'startpage' => '14',
			'endpage' => '16',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0597;',
			'matrices' => ';0372;',
			'techniques' => ';0290;',
			'keywords' => '',
			'abstract' => 'By using the described method 100 samples can be analyzed in 1 h; 1 &micro;L of sample is required. The working range is 3 to 100 ppm of Cl, and the detection limit is 0.1 ppm. The coefficient of variation was 1.3%. The results showed good agreement with those obtained by a chemical method.',
			'language' => 'Chinese',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '2013-10-19 04:00:00',
			'hits' => '0',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-13 17:51:10',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 200 OK',
			'pauthor_id' => null,
			'pauthor' => 'NA',
			'address' => '1) and 2) Department of Chemistry, North-East Institute of Technology and 3) Institute of Forestry and Soil Sciences, Acadimia Sinica',
			'email' => 'NA',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => 'en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTotal-FXSY198606005.htm',
			'urltype' => 'absurl',
			'gotpdf' => 'no',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Ion-selective electrode - flow injection analysis for chlorine in water', Fenxi Shiyanshi, 1986 5(6) 14-16',
			'firstchar' => 'I',
			'twochars' => 'Io',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
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				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Keyword' => array([maximum depth reached])
		),
		(int) 29 => array(
			'id' => '012793',
			'authors' => 'Gao, Z.;Lu, M.Y.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Gao Zhan; Lu Mingyuan',
			'title' => 'Flow injection analysis by ion-selective electrodes, a detachable solid membrane chloride ion-selective electrode used in the determination of chloride in soil water extracts',
			'journal' => 'Huanjing Kexue',
			'journal_id' => '0888',
			'fadid' => 'HJKX1981V0002P00376',
			'year' => '1981',
			'volume' => '2',
			'issue' => '5',
			'startpage' => '376',
			'endpage' => '380',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;',
			'matrices' => ';0363;1079;',
			'techniques' => ';0290;',
			'keywords' => ';0258;',
			'abstract' => 'The flow injection mol. determine the Cl- contents at 10^-3 - 10^-1 M in leachates with volume >10 mL with relative standard deviations 1-2%. The response potentials 50-150 mV are linearly related to Cl- concentrations <10-3 - 1 x 10^-1 M. For leachate samples containing Cl-, the method yields Cl- contents 0.12 and 0.98% compared to 0.14 and 0.92% determined by a volumetric method.',
			'language' => 'Chinese',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '2013-12-17 05:00:00',
			'hits' => '0',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-13 09:57:16',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 200 OK',
			'pauthor_id' => null,
			'pauthor' => 'NA',
			'address' => 'Inst. For. Soil, Acad. Sin, Peop. Rep. China',
			'email' => 'NA',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => 'www.hjkx.ac.cn/hjkx/ch/reader/create_pdf.aspx?file_no=19810514&flag=1&journal_id=hjkx&year_id=1981',
			'urltype' => 'pdfurl',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Flow injection analysis by ion-selective electrodes, a detachable solid membrane chloride ion-selective electrode used in the determination of chloride in soil water extracts', Huanjing Kexue, 1981 2(5) 376-380',
			'firstchar' => 'F',
			'twochars' => 'Fl',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
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			),
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				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 30 => array(
			'id' => '012954',
			'authors' => 'Ilcheva, L.;Yanakiev, R.',
			'authorsweb' => 'NA',
			'title' => 'Influence of some parameters on membrane selectivity in flow injection potentiometry',
			'journal' => 'Izv. Khim.',
			'journal_id' => '0531',
			'fadid' => 'IZPK1990V0023P00167',
			'year' => '1990',
			'volume' => '23',
			'issue' => '2',
			'startpage' => '167',
			'endpage' => '171',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;',
			'matrices' => ';0397;',
			'techniques' => ';0290;0400;',
			'keywords' => ';0399;0253;0217;0440;',
			'abstract' => 'Selectivity coefficient >1 of commercial Cl--, Br-- and NO3--selective electrodes towards various interfering species in conventional potentiometry can be considerably improved if the electrodes are used as sensors in flow injection analysis. The selectivity can be further improved by increasing the carrier-stream flow rate, decreasing the injection volume, and use of the method of standard additions. The interference from 0.6 mM Br- was thereby overcome when determining ~0.1 to 0.2 M Cl- in seawater by the flow injection technique with a Cl--selective electrode.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:11:09',
			'sjccheck' => 'No',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '0',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-27 09:10:02',
			'urlcheckcode' => '',
			'pauthor_id' => null,
			'pauthor' => 'NA',
			'address' => 'NA',
			'email' => 'NA',
			'notes' => 'NA SJC 102714',
			'url' => 'NA',
			'urltype' => 'NA',
			'gotpdf' => 'no',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Influence of some parameters on membrane selectivity in flow injection potentiometry', Izv. Khim., 1990 23(2) 167-171',
			'firstchar' => 'I',
			'twochars' => 'In',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
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				[maximum depth reached]
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			),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 31 => array(
			'id' => '013010',
			'authors' => 'Ylasov, Y.G.;Ermolenko, Y.E.;Popov, I.A.;El'Marug, S.Y.;Khoroshev, V.G.;Kolodnikov, V.V.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Yu. G. Vlasov, Yu. E. Ermolenko, I. A. Popov, S. Yu. El'- Marug, V. G. Khoroshev, and V. V. Kolodnikov',
			'title' => 'Flow injection analysis of natural waters with a chloride-selective electrode',
			'journal' => 'J. Anal. Chem.',
			'journal_id' => '0798',
			'fadid' => 'JACU1997V0052P00081',
			'year' => '1997',
			'volume' => '52',
			'issue' => '1',
			'startpage' => '81',
			'endpage' => '84',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;',
			'matrices' => ';0372;',
			'techniques' => ';0290;',
			'keywords' => ';0043;',
			'abstract' => 'A chloride ISE with polycrystalline membranes based on AgCl and Ag2S (USSR Inventor's Certificate No. 630576, Byull. Izobret., 1977, number 40) was used in conjunction with a AgCl2 EVL-IM3 reference electrode for the FIA of water samples (0.5-2 ml). The carrier was 0.01 M KNO3 and the volume of the electrode cell was 0.5 mL. At the optimal flow rate (25 ml/min) the detection limit was 20 &micro;M-chloride. The method was applicable to the determination of 1-350 mg/l chloride. RSD were 3-8%.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:11:09',
			'sjccheck' => 'No',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '14',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-23 18:46:04',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Object moved',
			'pauthor_id' => null,
			'pauthor' => 'NA',
			'address' => 'St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab. 7/9, St. Petersburg, 199034 Russia',
			'email' => 'NA',
			'notes' => 'Not available on springer',
			'url' => 'elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=13258010',
			'urltype' => 'absurl',
			'gotpdf' => 'no',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Flow injection analysis of natural waters with a chloride-selective electrode', J. Anal. Chem., 1997 52(1) 81-84',
			'firstchar' => 'F',
			'twochars' => 'Fl',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
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				[maximum depth reached]
			),
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				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 32 => array(
			'id' => '013023',
			'authors' => 'Gur'ev, I.A.;Kuleshova, N.V.',
			'authorsweb' => 'I. A. Gur'ev and N. V. Kuleshova',
			'title' => 'Sorption preconcentration and flow injection determination of cadmium',
			'journal' => 'J. Anal. Chem.',
			'journal_id' => '0798',
			'fadid' => 'JACU1998V0053P00796',
			'year' => '1998',
			'volume' => '53',
			'issue' => '9',
			'startpage' => '796',
			'endpage' => '799',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0478;',
			'matrices' => '',
			'techniques' => ';0290;0303;0400;',
			'keywords' => ';0212;0089;0398;',
			'abstract' => 'A procedure for the flow injection determination of Cd traces in aqueous solutions was developed. The procedure is based on the use of ion-selective electrodes sensitive to chloride or iodide complexes of Cd. Sorption pre-concentration simultaneously transforms Cd to anal. active species, it decreases the limit of detection, and improves the selectivity of determination.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:11:09',
			'sjccheck' => 'No',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '15',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-23 18:49:51',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Object moved',
			'pauthor_id' => null,
			'pauthor' => 'NA',
			'address' => 'Chemistry Department, Nizhni-Novgorod State University, prosp. Gagarina 23, 603600, Nizhni Novgorod, Russia',
			'email' => 'NA',
			'notes' => 'Not available on springer',
			'url' => 'elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=13280948',
			'urltype' => 'absurl',
			'gotpdf' => 'no',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Sorption preconcentration and flow injection determination of cadmium', J. Anal. Chem., 1998 53(9) 796-799',
			'firstchar' => 'S',
			'twochars' => 'So',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 33 => array(
			'id' => '013445',
			'authors' => 'Sakai, A.;Asano, Y.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Aki Sakai and Yasukazu Asano',
			'title' => 'Flow injection analysis of chloride by use of a flow-through type chloride ion-selective electrode and correlation with JIS method',
			'journal' => 'J. Flow Injection Anal.',
			'journal_id' => '0776',
			'fadid' => 'JFIA1989V0006P00144',
			'year' => '1989',
			'volume' => '6',
			'issue' => '2',
			'startpage' => '144',
			'endpage' => '150',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;',
			'matrices' => ';1069;',
			'techniques' => ';0290;',
			'keywords' => ';0217;0258;0441;',
			'abstract' => 'Sample (75 &micro;L) is injected into a carrier stream (0.9 mL min-1) of water and mixed with the reagent stream (0.9 mL min-1) containing 0.2 M Na acetate, 0.05 M KNO3 and 10 &micro;M-KCl with detection at a flow-through type Cl ion-selective electrode. The calibration graph was rectilinear from 1 to 10 mg L-1 of Cl-; detection limit was 0.1 mg l-1. The coefficient of variation were 0.85% and 0.13% for 1 and 10 mg L-1 of Cl-, respectively. Tolerance levels of Br-, I- and SO42- were 0.3, 0.8 and 0.1 mg l-1, respectively. Sampling rate was 30 samples h-1. Results obtained correlated well with those of the JIS method. The method was applied in the analysis of tap water.',
			'language' => 'Japanese',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'No',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '0',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-13 13:25:54',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 200 OK',
			'pauthor_id' => '00840',
			'pauthor' => '!Asano, Y.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => 'aitech.ac.jp/~jafia/english/jfia/contents/6_2/JFIA1989V0006P00144.pdf',
			'urltype' => 'pdfurl',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Flow injection analysis of chloride by use of a flow-through type chloride ion-selective electrode and correlation with JIS method', J. Flow Injection Anal., 1989 6(2) 144-150',
			'firstchar' => 'F',
			'twochars' => 'Fl',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
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				[maximum depth reached]
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		),
		(int) 34 => array(
			'id' => '013654',
			'authors' => 'Furuya, H.;Nakayama, K.',
			'authorsweb' => 'NA',
			'title' => 'Flow injection analysis of chloride ion in water using ion-selective electrode',
			'journal' => 'J. Jpn. Water Works Assoc.',
			'journal_id' => '1278',
			'fadid' => 'JJWW1983V0052P00051',
			'year' => '1983',
			'volume' => '52',
			'issue' => '4',
			'startpage' => '51',
			'endpage' => '54',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;',
			'matrices' => ';1079;',
			'techniques' => ';0290;',
			'keywords' => ';0460;0351;',
			'abstract' => 'NA',
			'language' => 'Japanese',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '2006-08-24 17:34:13',
			'hits' => '0',
			'urlcheck' => '2006-05-20 19:17:48',
			'urlcheckcode' => '',
			'pauthor_id' => null,
			'pauthor' => 'NA',
			'address' => 'NA',
			'email' => 'NA',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => 'NA',
			'urltype' => 'NA',
			'gotpdf' => 'no',
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"Simple Antilog Converter For Conventional And Flow Injection Measurements With Ion-selective Electrodes"
Anal. Chim. Acta 1988 Volume 207, Issue 1-2 Pages 325-330

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			'authorsweb' => 'A. Andrade-Eiroa, J. A. Erustes, R. Forteza, V. Cerd&aacute; and J. L. F. C. Lima',
			'title' => 'Determination of chloride by multisyringe flow injection analysis and sequential injection analysis with potentiometric detection',
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			'abstract' => 'A Cl--selective electrode was prepared from a silver - AgCl electrode by surface oxidation of the silver in 0.5 M FeCl3. A double-junction SCE with a 1 M NH4NO3 bridge was the reference electrode. In the low concentration. range (15 to 50 &micro;M), the Cl- concentration. was directly proportional to the electrode potential. In the Nernstian response region, the dispersion in the flow system influenced the lower limit of the rectilinear calibration range whereas in the sub-Nernstian region it influenced the slope of the electrode response curve. The method was applied in the determination of Cl- in river water. The results agreed well with those obtained by titration, with standard deviations of ~1.5 mg L-1 at the level of 40 mg l-1',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '14',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 15:44:55',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '00320',
			'pauthor' => '!Trojanowicz, M.A.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1016/S0003-2670(00)80062-8',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Potentiometric flow injection determination of chloride', Anal. Chim. Acta, 1983 151(1) 77-84',
			'firstchar' => 'P',
			'twochars' => 'Po',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Matrix' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 2 => array(
			'id' => '004879',
			'authors' => 'Van Staden, J.F.',
			'authorsweb' => 'J. F. Van Staden',
			'title' => 'Coated tubular solid-state chloride-selective electrode in flow injection analysis',
			'journal' => 'Anal. Chim. Acta',
			'journal_id' => '0584',
			'fadid' => 'ANCA1986V0179P00407',
			'year' => '1986',
			'volume' => '179',
			'issue' => '1',
			'startpage' => '407',
			'endpage' => '417',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;',
			'matrices' => ';0372;',
			'techniques' => ';0224;0290;',
			'keywords' => ';0043;0258;',
			'abstract' => 'The construction of the electrode is described and illustrated. Response times are 3 to 4 s and the range is 5 to 5000 mg L-1 for 30 &micro;L samples. Mean recoveries of 67 and 114 mg L-1 are 97.8 and 98.9%, respectively, with coefficient of variation in the analysis of 16 water samples being <1.7% (n = 15). The results agree well with those obtained spectrophotometrically.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '6',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 15:49:34',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '00328',
			'pauthor' => '!Van Staden, J.F.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1016/S0003-2670(00)84485-2',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Coated tubular solid-state chloride-selective electrode in flow injection analysis', Anal. Chim. Acta, 1986 179(1) 407-417',
			'firstchar' => 'C',
			'twochars' => 'Co',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Matrix' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 3 => array(
			'id' => '005071',
			'authors' => 'Trojanowicz, M.A.;Krawczynski Vel Krawczyk, T.;Augustyniak, W.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Marek Trojanowicz and Tadeusz Krawczyski vel Krawczyk, Wodzimierz Augustyniak',
			'title' => 'Simple antilog converter for conventional and flow injection measurements with ion-selective electrodes',
			'journal' => 'Anal. Chim. Acta',
			'journal_id' => '0584',
			'fadid' => 'ANCA1988V0207P00325',
			'year' => '1988',
			'volume' => '207',
			'issue' => '1-2',
			'startpage' => '325',
			'endpage' => '330',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;0686;0982;1936;',
			'matrices' => '',
			'techniques' => ';0290;0295;0298;0322;0400;',
			'keywords' => ';0043;0090;0144;',
			'abstract' => 'A simple antilog. converter based on an antilog. amplifier is described. In potentiometric measurements it produced an output voltage which depended rectilinearly on the concentration. of the sensed species over two orders of magnitude. Signals obtained in measurements with Cl-, F-, K+ and Cu(II) ion-selective electrodes ranged from 1.0 to 10.0 V. The converter was used for flow injection potentiometry within one concentration. decade, but its sensitivity depended on the dispersion in the flow system.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '15',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 15:53:56',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '00320',
			'pauthor' => '!Trojanowicz, M.A.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1016/S0003-2670(00)80809-0',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Simple antilog converter for conventional and flow injection measurements with ion-selective electrodes', Anal. Chim. Acta, 1988 207(1-2) 325-330',
			'firstchar' => 'S',
			'twochars' => 'Si',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 4 => array(
			'id' => '005694',
			'authors' => 'Van Staden, J.F.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Jacobus F. van Staden',
			'title' => 'Response time phenomena of coated open-tubular solid-state silver halide-selective electrodes and their influence on sample dispersion in flow injection analysis',
			'journal' => 'Anal. Chim. Acta',
			'journal_id' => '0584',
			'fadid' => 'ANCA1992V0261P00381',
			'year' => '1992',
			'volume' => '261',
			'issue' => '1-2',
			'startpage' => '381',
			'endpage' => '390',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0451;0594;1275;',
			'matrices' => '',
			'techniques' => ';0283;0290;0303;',
			'keywords' => ';0302;0410;0119;',
			'abstract' => 'A comparative study has been made of the response times of coated open-tubular Ag membrane electrodes selective towards Cl-, Br- or I- (cf. Ibid., 1986, 179, 407) as they affect the throughput of flow injection analysis systems. The tubular indicator electrodes were used in conjunction with an Orion 90-02 double-junction reference electrode with 10% KNO3 solution in its outer chamber. The digitized signals were smoothed by applying the DS (data sets) Cat and Smooth operations of the ASYST software; typical background-corrected graphs for the flow injection measurement of halides (10 to 5000 mg l-1) are reproduced. Examination of the leading edges of the various peaks showed that their rate of response was independent of concentration. and did not significantly decrease the sampling rate, although the response of the Br- electrode at the initial peak-formation stages near the baseline was slightly slower than that of the others. The rate of response of the trailing edges was mainly responsible for the sampling rate in an optimized flow injection system, and the I- electrode showed a memory effect, which was largely responsible for the low sampling rate of this system compared with similar systems with the other two electrodes. The contribution of the memory effect or response time phenomena of coated open-tubular solid state chloride-, bromide-, and iodide-selective electrodes on the anal. output in flow injection systems are presented for concentration. ranges between 10 and 5000 mg L-1. The rate of response for the leading edges of all three electrodes due to electrode properties are independent of concentration. and do not contribute significantly to any decrease in sampling rate, although the rate of response of the bromide-selective electrode flow injection analysis (FIA) system seems to be slightly slower than the other two electrode systems at the initial peak-formation stages near the base line. The rate of response for the tailing edges of the different electrodes due to electrode properties is mainly responsible for the sampling rate obtained in an optimized FIA-ISE system. The memory effect of the iodide-selective electrode is mainly responsible for the fact that the sampling rate of this system is very much lower than the sampling rate obtained for similar systems with the other two electrodes. For the bromide-selective electrode system, the slower rate of response due to electrode properties at the tailing edges (especially with high concentrations of bromide) than that of the chloride-selective electrode, contributes mainly to a lower sampling output for the bromide-selective electrode-FIA system when compared with the chloride electrode system.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '6',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 16:06:13',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '00328',
			'pauthor' => '!Van Staden, J.F.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1016/0003-2670(92)80217-U',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Response time phenomena of coated open-tubular solid-state silver halide-selective electrodes and their influence on sample dispersion in flow injection analysis', Anal. Chim. Acta, 1992 261(1-2) 381-390',
			'firstchar' => 'R',
			'twochars' => 'Re',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 5 => array(
			'id' => '005877',
			'authors' => 'Hauser, P.C.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Peter C. Hauser*',
			'title' => 'Trioctyltin chloride as carrier for a chloride-selective electrode in flow injection potentiometry',
			'journal' => 'Anal. Chim. Acta',
			'journal_id' => '0584',
			'fadid' => 'ANCA1993V0278P00227',
			'year' => '1993',
			'volume' => '278',
			'issue' => '2',
			'startpage' => '227',
			'endpage' => '232',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;',
			'matrices' => '',
			'techniques' => ';0400;0290;',
			'keywords' => '',
			'abstract' => 'Trioctyltin chloride was dissolved in THF with bis-(1-butylpentyl)adipate and PVC, then an ISE was constructed with the membrane solution and a Ag wire. The ISE was incorporated into a flow injection cell [cf. Analyst (London), 1988, 113, 1551] and FIA was carried out to determine chloride concentration. in standard solution The inherent instability of the trioctyltin chloride was eliminated in the flow injection mode. Calibration graphs were rectilinear from 1-100 mM chloride and the detection limit was 0.1 mM; no RSD is given.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '6',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 16:09:29',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '01004',
			'pauthor' => '!Hauser, P.C.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1016/0003-2670(93)85103-Q',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Trioctyltin chloride as carrier for a chloride-selective electrode in flow injection potentiometry', Anal. Chim. Acta, 1993 278(2) 227-232',
			'firstchar' => 'T',
			'twochars' => 'Tr',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]),
			'Keyword' => array([maximum depth reached])
		),
		(int) 6 => array(
			'id' => '006206',
			'authors' => 'Rizov, I.;Ilcheva, L.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Ivelin Rizov* and Liliana Ilcheva',
			'title' => 'Differential flow injection potentiometry',
			'journal' => 'Anal. Chim. Acta',
			'journal_id' => '0584',
			'fadid' => 'ANCA1995V0311P00175',
			'year' => '1995',
			'volume' => '311',
			'issue' => '2',
			'startpage' => '175',
			'endpage' => '181',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0205;0594;1588;',
			'matrices' => ';0630;1061;',
			'techniques' => ';0290;0312;0274;0400;',
			'keywords' => ';0130;',
			'abstract' => 'Flow injection potentiometric methods using two different ISE placed in series are described for the simultaneous determination of (i) nitrate and chloride and (ii) nitrate and ammonium. The flow injection manifold for the determination of nitrate and chloride consisted of a nitrate ISE separated from a chloride ISE by a reaction coil of 254 cm x 0.51 mm i.d. A sample volume of 60 &micro;L was injected into a 0.04 M Na2SO4 carrier stream (6.3 ml/min). The nitrate concentration was determined using the chloride ISE as a reference electrode and vice versa. The RSD (n = 13) for the determination of 0.1 mM nitrate and 1 mM chloride were 1.1 and 0.9%, respectively. A similar manifold is described for the determination of nitrate and ammonium using nitrate and ammonium ISE separated by a reaction coil of 284 cm x 0.51 mm i.d. The RSD (n = 12) for the determination of nitrate and ammonium in waste water from a urea production plant were 1.1 and 0.9%, respectively.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '14',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 16:17:25',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => null,
			'pauthor' => 'Rizov, I.',
			'address' => 'Department of Analytical Chemistry, Higher Institute of Chemical Technology, 8 Kl. Ochridsky Str., 1756, Sofia, Bulgaria',
			'email' => 'NA',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1016/0003-2670(95)00187-5',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Differential flow injection potentiometry', Anal. Chim. Acta, 1995 311(2) 175-181',
			'firstchar' => 'D',
			'twochars' => 'Di',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Matrix' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 7 => array(
			'id' => '006911',
			'authors' => 'Krawczynski Vel Krawczyk, T.;Szostek, B.;Trojanowicz, M.A.',
			'authorsweb' => 'T. Krawczyski vel Krawczyk, B. Szostek and M. Trojanowicz  ',
			'title' => 'Oxidative removal of interferences in flow injection potentiometric determination of chloride',
			'journal' => 'Talanta',
			'journal_id' => '0569',
			'fadid' => 'TALT1989V0036P00811',
			'year' => '1989',
			'volume' => '36',
			'issue' => '8',
			'startpage' => '811',
			'endpage' => '815',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;',
			'matrices' => '',
			'techniques' => ';0400;0290;',
			'keywords' => ';0217;',
			'abstract' => 'The flow injection system consisted of a multi-channel peristaltic pump, a laboratory-built rotary injection valve with an exchangeable sample loop, a constant-temp. delay coil and a large-volume wall-jet cell. Chloride-sensing electrodes (Ag - AgCl and AgCl - Ag2S membrane) were used in conjunction with an Orion 90-02 double-junction reference electrode. With 0.1 M KBrO3 in 1 M HNO3 as the carrier solution, direct potentiometric determination of Cl- in the presence of excess of Br-, I-, S2- and CN- could be carried out at a max. sampling rate of 120 h-1. Calibration graphs were rectilinear from 10 to 1000 ppm of Cl-, and the coefficient of variation for Br--to-Cl- wt. ratios of 1:1, 1:10 and 25:1 were 1.5, 0.2 and 0.5%, respectively.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '60',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 14:55:16',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '00320',
			'pauthor' => '!Trojanowicz, M.A.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1016/0039-9140(89)80159-6',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Oxidative removal of interferences in flow injection potentiometric determination of chloride', Talanta, 1989 36(8) 811-815',
			'firstchar' => 'O',
			'twochars' => 'Ox',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
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			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 8 => array(
			'id' => '006998',
			'authors' => 'Najib, F.M.;Othman, S.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Fadhil M. Najib* and Shireen Othman,  ',
			'title' => 'Simultaneous determination of chloride, bromide, iodide and fluoride with flow injection - ion-selective electrode systems',
			'journal' => 'Talanta',
			'journal_id' => '0569',
			'fadid' => 'TALT1992V0039P01259',
			'year' => '1992',
			'volume' => '39',
			'issue' => '10',
			'startpage' => '1259',
			'endpage' => '1267',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;0451;1275;0982;',
			'matrices' => ';0372;',
			'techniques' => ';0283;0290;0298;0303;',
			'keywords' => ';0258;0320;0217;',
			'abstract' => 'Electrodes for Cl-, Br- and I- were constructed (preparation described) from Ag2 - AgCl or AgBr (1:1) and Ag2S - AgI (1:3); for F- a commercial electrode was used. By combining the electrodes and suppressor columns of AgCl and amalgamated Pb, the ions were simultaneously determined in a carrier stream (0.5 mL min-1) of e.g. 0.1 M HClO4 at pH 4.0. The calibration graphs were rectilinear down to 100, 5, 1 and 5 &micro;M for Cl-, Br-, I- and F-, respectively. The reproducibility was 1% for the determination of the halides in eight water samples, the results agreed well with those obtained by three reference methods. Flow-through ion-selective electrodes were constructed from compressed pellets (8-10 mm thick, 13 mm diameter, 10 tons/cm2 pressure) of Ag2S/AgX (X = Cl-, Br- or I-) drilled longitudinally (1.5 mm diameter hole) to be suitable for use in flow injection analysis. A column of AgCl (5.5 cm long, 2-3 mm internal diameter) was included in the Cl- electrode manifold to remove interferences from 10^-4 M Br- and 3 x 10^-5 M I- and S2-. A column of amalgamated lead (2-3 cm long, 2-3 mm internal diameter) was used in the Br--electrode manifold to remove interference from 2 x 10^-5 M I-, 3 x 10^-5 M S2- and 7 x 10^-4 M Cl-. These columns and the addition of ascorbic acid were not required when I- was determined with the iodide electrode. The carrier stream was 0.1 M sodium perchlorate (pH 4) at a flow-rate of 0.5 mL/min. The sample pH could be 4-7. Simultaneous determination of Cl- and I-, Cl-, I- and Br-, and Cl-, I-, Br- and F- ions was possible with combinations of the corresponding electrodes and columns in series and/or parallel in specially designed manifolds. Calibration plots were linear, with almost theoretical slopes, down to 10^-6 M I-, 5 x 10^-6 M Br-, 10^-4 M Cl- and 5 x 10^-6 M F-, with precision better than 1%. Sampling rates for single-ion determinations were 72, 102, 90 and 80 per h for the one-, two-, three- and four-electrode systems respectively. Determinations of these ions in water samples by the recommended procedure and by established batch methods showed no significant difference at the 95% confidence limits in a paired comparison t-test.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '28',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 14:59:47',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => null,
			'pauthor' => 'Najib, F.M.',
			'address' => 'Department of Chemistry, University of Salahaddin, Arbil, Iraq',
			'email' => 'NA',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1016/0039-9140(92)80234-5',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Simultaneous determination of chloride, bromide, iodide and fluoride with flow injection - ion-selective electrode systems', Talanta, 1992 39(10) 1259-1267',
			'firstchar' => 'S',
			'twochars' => 'Si',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Matrix' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 9 => array(
			'id' => '007402',
			'authors' => 'Midgley, D.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Derek Midgley',
			'title' => 'Determination of chloride and fluoride in boronated water',
			'journal' => 'Analyst',
			'journal_id' => '0864',
			'fadid' => 'ANAL1985V0110P00841',
			'year' => '1985',
			'volume' => '110',
			'issue' => '7',
			'startpage' => '841',
			'endpage' => '845',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;0982;',
			'matrices' => ';1068;',
			'techniques' => ';0290;0298;0400;',
			'keywords' => '',
			'abstract' => 'The performance of chloride-and fluoride-selective electrodes in boronated waters, typical of a pressurised water reactor (PWR) primary coolant, has been investigated. The precision and sensitivity of the mercury(I) chloride-mercury(II) sulphide membrane electrode were unaffected by the boric acid medium and the electrode was adequate for measurements below the specified limit of 150-200 &micro;g l-1 of chloride. Measurements of fluoride concentration in the range 25-250 &micro;g l-1 were straightforward, with a relative standard deviation of about 2%. The lanthanum fluoride membrane electrode can, therefore, be used to check that PWR primary coolant is within the specified limit of 150 &micro;g l-1. The boric acid in the sample causes a bias in direct potentiometry for fluoride, but this can be corrected by a simple mathematical equation. Alternatively, the bias can be avoided by the use of known addition potentiometry. Fluoride electrodes deviate from the theoretical sensitivity below a concentration of about 25 &micro;g l-1, but still have ample sensitivity down to 1 &micro;g l-1. In this concentration range, however, the response is very slow, taking 40-120 min to reach equilibrium and there is considerable variation between individual electrodes.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '8',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 00:01:01',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => null,
			'pauthor' => 'Midgley, D.',
			'address' => 'NA',
			'email' => 'NA',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1039/an9851000841',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Determination of chloride and fluoride in boronated water', Analyst, 1985 110(7) 841-845',
			'firstchar' => 'D',
			'twochars' => 'De',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Matrix' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Keyword' => array([maximum depth reached])
		),
		(int) 10 => array(
			'id' => '007424',
			'authors' => 'Van Staden, J.F.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Jacobus F. van Staden',
			'title' => 'Electrodes in series. Simultaneous flow injection determination of chloride and pH with ion-selective electrodes',
			'journal' => 'Analyst',
			'journal_id' => '0864',
			'fadid' => 'ANAL1986V0111P01231',
			'year' => '1986',
			'volume' => '111',
			'issue' => '11',
			'startpage' => '1231',
			'endpage' => '1234',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;1780;',
			'matrices' => '',
			'techniques' => ';0181;0224;0290;0400;',
			'keywords' => ';0420;',
			'abstract' => 'A tubular flow-through Cl--selective cell (cf. Anal. Chim. Acta, 1986, 179, 407) and a micro-combination pH electrode and double-junction reference electrode with 10% KNO3 solution as the outer chamber filling solution were incorporated in series into a flow injection system. Aliquots (30 &micro;L) of solution (pH 3 to 10) containing 0.02 to 5.0 g L-1 of NaCl were injected at a rate of 60 samples h-1 into ionic-strength adjustment buffer (pH 7.6) containing 0.5 M KNO3 and 10 mM NaH2PO4. Rectilinear calibration graphs were achieved across the pH range, and the Cl- concentration. had no effect on pH measurement. Standard deviations of <1.5% for Cl- and 1% for pH measurement were achieved with the system.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '7',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 00:01:45',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '00328',
			'pauthor' => '!Van Staden, J.F.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1039/an9861101231',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Electrodes in series. Simultaneous flow injection determination of chloride and pH with ion-selective electrodes', Analyst, 1986 111(11) 1231-1234',
			'firstchar' => 'E',
			'twochars' => 'El',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 11 => array(
			'id' => '007498',
			'authors' => 'Hauser, P.C.;Tan, S.S.;Cardwell, T.J.;Cattrall, R.W.;Hamilton, I.C.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Peter C. Hauser, Susie S. Tan, Terence J. Cardwell, Robert W. Cattrall and Ian C. Hamilton',
			'title' => 'Versatile manifold for the simultaneous determination of ions in flow injection analysis',
			'journal' => 'Analyst',
			'journal_id' => '0864',
			'fadid' => 'ANAL1988V0113P01551',
			'year' => '1988',
			'volume' => '113',
			'issue' => '10',
			'startpage' => '1551',
			'endpage' => '1555',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';1936;0485;0205;0594;1588;1841;',
			'matrices' => ';0325;',
			'techniques' => ';0285;0290;0312;0322;0400;0493;',
			'keywords' => ';0173;0420;',
			'abstract' => 'A flow injection analysis system is described for the simultaneous determination in plant nutrient solution of K+, Ca(II), NO3- and Cl- by potentiometry, and NH4+ and PO43- by spectrophotometry. Diagrams of the manifold and the spectrophotometric transducer are given. Potentiometric measurements were made with PVC-based ion-selective membranes; the carrier stream was 0.2 M Na acetate buffer. Ammonium ion was determined by the gas diffusion method with use of cresol red and thymol blue. Absorbance was measured at 605 nm. The calibration graph covered the range from 0.5 to 25 mg L-1 as N. Phosphate was determined by the molybdenum blue method, with absorbance measurement at 820 nm; the calibration graph covered the range from 0.5 to 25 mg l-1. Results agreed well with expected values.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '14',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 00:03:52',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '00071',
			'pauthor' => '!Cardwell, T.J.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1039/an9881301551',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Versatile manifold for the simultaneous determination of ions in flow injection analysis', Analyst, 1988 113(10) 1551-1555',
			'firstchar' => 'V',
			'twochars' => 'Ve',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Matrix' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 12 => array(
			'id' => '007551',
			'authors' => 'Hara, H.;Mitani, O.;Okazaki, S.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Hirokazu Hara, Osamu Mitani and Satoshi Okazaki',
			'title' => 'Alternate sample/standard exchange method using a pair of identical ion-selective electrodes for the improvement of precision in an automated potentiometric analysis system',
			'journal' => 'Analyst',
			'journal_id' => '0864',
			'fadid' => 'ANAL1989V0114P00923',
			'year' => '1989',
			'volume' => '114',
			'issue' => '8',
			'startpage' => '923',
			'endpage' => '927',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => '',
			'matrices' => '',
			'techniques' => ';0400;0290;0312;',
			'keywords' => ';0044;',
			'abstract' => 'The use of an automated potentiometric analysis system with a pair of identical ion-selective electrodes as the detector is described. The sample and standard solutions were introduced simultaneously into the flow cell, which was equipped with a pair of identical ion-selective electrodes. The sample and standard streams were then exchanged with each other by using a four-way valve controlled by a microcomputer. The potential difference between the two electrodes was measured before and after switching of the four-way valve. Hence the effect of the potential shift of the ion-selective electrodes could theoretically be cancelled. The characteristics of the system were investigated by using nitrate or chloride ion-selective electrode pairs. A precision of <1% was achieved for five successive measurements when the sample concentration was close to that of the base standard solution.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '2',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 00:04:26',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => null,
			'pauthor' => 'NA',
			'address' => 'NA',
			'email' => 'NA',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1039/an9891400923',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Alternate sample/standard exchange method using a pair of identical ion-selective electrodes for the improvement of precision in an automated potentiometric analysis system', Analyst, 1989 114(8) 923-927',
			'firstchar' => 'A',
			'twochars' => 'Al',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array([maximum depth reached]),
			'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 13 => array(
			'id' => '007648',
			'authors' => 'Van Staden, J.F.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Jacobus F. van Staden',
			'title' => 'Comparison of the influence and contribution of the response times of coated open-tubular solid-state bromide- and chloride-selective electrodes on the analytical throughput (dispersion) in flow injection systems',
			'journal' => 'Analyst',
			'journal_id' => '0864',
			'fadid' => 'ANAL1992V0117P00051',
			'year' => '1992',
			'volume' => '117',
			'issue' => '1',
			'startpage' => '51',
			'endpage' => '56',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => '',
			'matrices' => '',
			'techniques' => ';0283;0290;',
			'keywords' => ';0302;0119;',
			'abstract' => 'The cited study was performed for 10 to 5000 mg L-1 of Br- and Cl-. For both electrodes the adsorption rate is independent of concentration. and does not contribute significantly to any decrease in the sampling rate, although the adsorption rate of the Cl-selective electrode in the system is slightly faster than the Br system. For both electrodes the desorption process is mainly responsible for the sampling rate obtained in an optimized flow injection ion-selective electrode system. An electrode memory of the Br-selective electrode is the main reason for the sampling rate of this system being lower than that obtained for a similar flow injection system with a Cl-selective electrode. An evaluation of the influence and contribution of the response times of coated open-tubular solid-state bromide- and chloride-selective electrodes on the anal. throughput (dispersion) in flow injection (FI) systems is presented using concentration ranges of 10^-5000 mg L-1 for bromide and chloride, respectively. For both electrodes the adsorption rate is independent of concentration. and does not contribute significantly to any decrease in the sampling rate, although the adsorption rate of the chloride-selective electrode in the FI system seems to be slightly faster than the bromide system. For both electrodes the desorption mechanism process is mainly responsible for the sampling rate obtained in an optimized FI-ion-selective electrode system. An electrode memory of the bromide-selective electrode is the main reason for the sampling rate of this system being lower than that obtained for a similar FI system with a chloride-selective electrode.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '4',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 08:32:27',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '00328',
			'pauthor' => '!Van Staden, J.F.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1039/an9921700051',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Comparison of the influence and contribution of the response times of coated open-tubular solid-state bromide- and chloride-selective electrodes on the analytical throughput (dispersion) in flow injection systems', Analyst, 1992 117(1) 51-56',
			'firstchar' => 'C',
			'twochars' => 'Co',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array([maximum depth reached]),
			'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 14 => array(
			'id' => '007890',
			'authors' => 'Ferreira, I.M.P.L.V.O.;Lima, J.L.F.C.;Montenegro, M.C.B.S.M.;Perez Olmos, R.;Rios, A.',
			'authorsweb' => 'I. M. P. L. V. O. Ferreira, J. L. F. C. Lima, M. C. B. S. M. Montenegro, R. P&eacute;rez Olmos and A. Rios',
			'title' => 'Simultaneous assay of nitrite, nitrate and chloride in meat products by a flow injection method',
			'journal' => 'Analyst',
			'journal_id' => '0864',
			'fadid' => 'ANAL1996V0121P01393',
			'year' => '1996',
			'volume' => '121',
			'issue' => '10',
			'startpage' => '1393',
			'endpage' => '1396',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;1588;1592;',
			'matrices' => ';0715;0723;',
			'techniques' => ';0400;0290;0224;',
			'keywords' => ';0379;0054;0393;',
			'abstract' => 'Sample was homogenized and extracted with hot water and the extract was purified and filtered. A portion (100 &micro;L) of the filtrate was injected into a carrier stream (2.9 ml/min) of 50 mM Na2SO4/0.02 mM NaCl of a flow injection manifold (schematic shown). Chloride (I) was determined potentiometrically a tubular ISE (cf. Ferreira et al., Fresenius' J. Anal. Chem., 1993, 374, 314). The carrier was mixed with a buffer stream (0.5 ml/min) of NH4Cl/sodium tetraborate/Na2EDTA and split into two. One stream passed through a Cd/Cu column to reduce nitrate (II) to nitrite (III). The two streams subsequently passed through a confluence point and were mixed a reagent stream (1 ml/min) of acidified sulfanilamide/N-(1-naphthyl)ethylenediamine dihydrochloride and the absorbance was measured (wavelength not given). As each channel had a different residence time, two peaks were obtained, one for nitrite III and one for total N: II was measured by difference. The calibration graphs were linear from 0.01-0.1 M I, up to 104 ppm II and from 0.03-0.2 ppm III. RSD (n = 10) were 2.5, 0.7 and 1.1%, respectively, for I, II and III.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '12',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 09:30:58',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => null,
			'pauthor' => 'NA',
			'address' => 'NA',
			'email' => 'NA',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1039/an9962101393',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Simultaneous assay of nitrite, nitrate and chloride in meat products by a flow injection method', Analyst, 1996 121(10) 1393-1396',
			'firstchar' => 'S',
			'twochars' => 'Si',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Matrix' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 15 => array(
			'id' => '007971',
			'authors' => 'Alvares Ribeiro, L.M.B.C.;Machado, A.A.S.C.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Luis M. B. C. &Aacute;lvares-Ribeiro and Ad&eacute;lio A. S. C. Machado',
			'title' => 'Optimization of a bipotentiometric flow injection analysis system for simultaneous determination of calcium and chloride ions in natural waters',
			'journal' => 'Analyst',
			'journal_id' => '0864',
			'fadid' => 'ANAL1998V0123P00653',
			'year' => '1998',
			'volume' => '123',
			'issue' => '4',
			'startpage' => '653',
			'endpage' => '659',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0485;0594;',
			'matrices' => ';0372;',
			'techniques' => ';0017;0285;0290;',
			'keywords' => ';0418;0302;0441;0258;0217;',
			'abstract' => 'Experimental optimization using the modified simplex method of a bipotentiometric flow injection analysis (FIA) system, constituted by two different ion selective electrodes (ISE) placed in series, for the simultaneous determination of Ca2+ and Cl- in water is reported. The response function used was a weighted linear combination of three variables, chosen to achieve maximization of the Ca2+ electrode sensitivity, minimization of the interference of the Ca2+ signal on the Cl- response, and maximization of the sampling rate. The optimized system can determine Ca2+ from 5 x 10^-5 to 5 x 10^-3 mol/L with a sensitivity of ~27 mV/decade and Cl- from 2 x 10^-4 to 2 x 10^-2 mol/L (the max. value tested), with a sensitivity of ~55 mV/decade. Repeatability was 1.9 and 0.6%, respectively, at 2 x 10^-4 and 2.2 x 10^-3 mol/L (8 and 90 mg/L), for Ca2+ determinations, and 1.8 and 1.2%, respectively, at 3.4 x 10^-4 and 8.3 x 10^-4 mol/L (12 and 29 mg/L), for Cl- determinations A sampling rate of 40/h was obtained. The affect of ionic strength on the results is discussed. The relative accuracy of the bipotentiometric FIA system was demonstrated by determining the content of both ions in natural water in parallel with ASTM certified methods.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '11',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 09:52:00',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '01134',
			'pauthor' => '!Machado, A.A.S.C.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1039/a708289d',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Optimization of a bipotentiometric flow injection analysis system for simultaneous determination of calcium and chloride ions in natural waters', Analyst, 1998 123(4) 653-659',
			'firstchar' => 'O',
			'twochars' => 'Op',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
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				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 16 => array(
			'id' => '008879',
			'authors' => 'Ilcheva, L.K.;Cammann, K.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Liliana Ilcheva and Karl Cammann',
			'title' => 'Flow injection analysis of chloride in tap and sewage water using ion-selective electrode detection',
			'journal' => 'Fresenius J. Anal. Chem.',
			'journal_id' => '0944',
			'fadid' => 'FJAC1985V0322P00323',
			'year' => '1985',
			'volume' => '322',
			'issue' => '3',
			'startpage' => '323',
			'endpage' => '326',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;',
			'matrices' => ';1069;1057;',
			'techniques' => ';0159;0290;',
			'keywords' => ';0217;',
			'abstract' => 'Tap-water or sewage water was analyzed by flow injection analysis with injection into the carrier stream (1.5 mL min-1) of 0.1 M KNO3, which flowed down a vertically suspended strip of filter-paper connected to a single-crystal AgCl membrane electrode and a double-junction reference electrode. Sixty samples h-1 could be analyzed and no serious interference was observed from S2-, I- or Br-. The limit of detection was 10 &micro;M-Cl- and the coefficient of variation were 5 and 10% at >100 and 10 &micro;M, respectively.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '11',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 00:20:16',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '00901',
			'pauthor' => '!Cammann, K.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1007/BF00490916',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Flow injection analysis of chloride in tap and sewage water using ion-selective electrode detection', Fresenius J. Anal. Chem., 1985 322(3) 323-326',
			'firstchar' => 'F',
			'twochars' => 'Fl',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Matrix' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 17 => array(
			'id' => '008889',
			'authors' => 'Ilcheva, L.K.;Cammann, K.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Liliana Ilcheva and Karl Cammann   ',
			'title' => 'Simple, selective and sensitive liquid chromatographic or flow injection detector for chloro-organic compounds based on ion-selective electrodes',
			'journal' => 'Fresenius J. Anal. Chem.',
			'journal_id' => '0944',
			'fadid' => 'FJAC1986V0325P00011',
			'year' => '1986',
			'volume' => '325',
			'issue' => '1',
			'startpage' => '11',
			'endpage' => '14',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0598;',
			'matrices' => '',
			'techniques' => ';0038;0290;',
			'keywords' => '',
			'abstract' => 'The Cl- liberated by the electrolytic decomposition of chloroacetone (I) and the decomposition of I and 1-chloro-4-nitrobenzene by UV radiation was determined by using the detector of Ilcheva and Cammann (Ibid., 1985, 322, 323). The detection limit was in the nmol range. In the analysis of 50 &micro;L of a 1 mM solution of Cl compound the coefficient of variation was ~5%. The detector, which can also be used to determine Br-, I- and S2- by using an appropriate ion-selective electrode, may be useful in LC.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '3',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 00:20:27',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '00901',
			'pauthor' => '!Cammann, K.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1007/BF00983396',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Simple, selective and sensitive liquid chromatographic or flow injection detector for chloro-organic compounds based on ion-selective electrodes', Fresenius J. Anal. Chem., 1986 325(1) 11-14',
			'firstchar' => 'S',
			'twochars' => 'Si',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]),
			'Keyword' => array([maximum depth reached])
		),
		(int) 18 => array(
			'id' => '008906',
			'authors' => 'Van Staden, J.F.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Jacobus F. van Staden',
			'title' => 'Online quality control in concentrated hydrochloric acid production plants. Flow injection determination of hydrochloric acid content in concentrated hydrochloric acid by automated pre-valve dilution and a coated tubular solid-state chloride-selective ele',
			'journal' => 'Fresenius J. Anal. Chem.',
			'journal_id' => '0944',
			'fadid' => 'FJAC1987V0328P00068',
			'year' => '1987',
			'volume' => '328',
			'issue' => '1-2',
			'startpage' => '68',
			'endpage' => '70',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';1188;',
			'matrices' => ';0644;',
			'techniques' => ';0224;0290;0400;',
			'keywords' => ';0258;',
			'abstract' => 'Diluted samples (30 &micro;L) are mixed with 1 M KNO3 as carrier solution for determination at a flow-through tubular indicator electrode, used in conjunction with an Orion 90-02 double-junction reference electrode with 10% KNO3 as outer chamber filling solution The sampling rate is 60 h-1. The construction, preparation and conditioning of the electrode are similar to a previously described procedure (Anal. Chim. Acta, 1986, 179, 407). The method is applied to samples containing 9 to 38% of HCl. Results for this method agree well with those obtained by using the Na2CO3 and Volhard titration procedures. The coefficient of variation for samples of different HCl content is <0.6% (n = 15).',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '9',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 00:20:49',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '00328',
			'pauthor' => '!Van Staden, J.F.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1007/BF00560951',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Online quality control in concentrated hydrochloric acid production plants. Flow injection determination of hydrochloric acid content in concentrated hydrochloric acid by automated pre-valve dilution and a coated tubular solid-state chloride-selective ele', Fresenius J. Anal. Chem., 1987 328(1-2) 68-70',
			'firstchar' => 'O',
			'twochars' => 'On',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
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				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 19 => array(
			'id' => '008907',
			'authors' => 'Ilcheva, L.;Trojanowicz, M.A.;Krawczynski Vel Krawczyk, T.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Liliana Ilcheva, Marek Trojanowicz and Tadeusz Krawczynski vel Krawczyk',
			'title' => 'Effect of addition of main ion to carrier solution in potentiometric flow injection measurements with solid state ion-selective electrodes',
			'journal' => 'Fresenius J. Anal. Chem.',
			'journal_id' => '0944',
			'fadid' => 'FJAC1987V0328P00027',
			'year' => '1987',
			'volume' => '328',
			'issue' => '1-2',
			'startpage' => '27',
			'endpage' => '32',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0982;0594;1275;0684;',
			'matrices' => '',
			'techniques' => ';0238;0290;0295;0298;0303;0400;',
			'keywords' => ';0401;0464;',
			'abstract' => 'Flow injection measurements were made by using a flow-through cup (described and illustrated) and Cl--, F--, I-- and Cu(II)-selective electrodes. The addition of the main ion to the carrier solution to create a constant background level of main ion produces a significant improvement in response for the F-- and I--selective electrodes. However, a very slow return of the potential value to the baseline is observed for I- measurements; this is attributable to the slow desorption of I- from the electrode surface. The super-Nernstian slope observed for the F-- and Cu(II)-selective electrodes in the absence of F- or Cu(II) in the carrier solution decreased to Nernstian values in the presence of the ions in the carrier solution',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '27',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 00:20:46',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '00320',
			'pauthor' => '!Trojanowicz, M.A.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1007/BF00560942',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Effect of addition of main ion to carrier solution in potentiometric flow injection measurements with solid state ion-selective electrodes', Fresenius J. Anal. Chem., 1987 328(1-2) 27-32',
			'firstchar' => 'E',
			'twochars' => 'Ef',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
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			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 20 => array(
			'id' => '008965',
			'authors' => 'Frenzel, W.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Wolfgang Frenzel',
			'title' => 'Application of flow injection potentiometry to the determination of chloride in various matrices',
			'journal' => 'Fresenius J. Anal. Chem.',
			'journal_id' => '0944',
			'fadid' => 'FJAC1989V0335P00931',
			'year' => '1989',
			'volume' => '335',
			'issue' => '8',
			'startpage' => '931',
			'endpage' => '937',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;',
			'matrices' => ';1069;0390;0511;0667;',
			'techniques' => ';0216;0290;0400;',
			'keywords' => ';0401;0109;0302;',
			'abstract' => 'Chloride-selective electrodes were prepared from silver tubes (1 cm x 0.3 to 1.0 mm i.d.); the inner wall was coated with AgCl. Behaviour under steady-state and flow injection conditions was studied and the influence of system parameters on sensitivity, detection limit, response time and sample throughput was discussed. Sample throughput was 60 to 200 h-1. The calibration graph was rectilinear from 0.1 to 10,000 mg L-1 of Cl-, with a detection limit of 0.01 mg L-1 and a coefficient of variation of 1%. The method was applied in the analysis of tap and mineral water, emission control of HCl and the determination of Cl- in silicon nitride.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '15',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 00:22:09',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '00154',
			'pauthor' => '!Frenzel, W.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1007/BF00466385',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Application of flow injection potentiometry to the determination of chloride in various matrices', Fresenius J. Anal. Chem., 1989 335(8) 931-937',
			'firstchar' => 'A',
			'twochars' => 'Ap',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
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				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 21 => array(
			'id' => '008979',
			'authors' => 'Van Staden, J.F.;Van Rensburg, A.',
			'authorsweb' => 'J. F. van Staden and A. van Rensburg',
			'title' => 'Three component flow injection analysis with online dialysis. Simultaneous determination of free calcium, total calcium and total chloride in milk by flow injection analysis and online dialysis',
			'journal' => 'Fresenius J. Anal. Chem.',
			'journal_id' => '0944',
			'fadid' => 'FJAC1990V0337P00393',
			'year' => '1990',
			'volume' => '337',
			'issue' => '4',
			'startpage' => '393',
			'endpage' => '397',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0485;',
			'matrices' => ';0007;',
			'techniques' => ';0452;0290;',
			'keywords' => ';0111;0420;0217;',
			'abstract' => 'Milk (30 &micro;L) samples (at 1 sample per min) are directed to three different channels by the use of two dialysers in series. For the determination of free Ca, interference is eliminated by using the first dialyser (which also separates total and free Ca) and determination is by spectrophotometry at 580 nm. For the determination of total Ca by AAS at 422.7 nm, interference from phosphate is overcome by the use of N2O - acetylene flame with the necessary suppression with K ions. The second dialyser in series is used to eliminate interferences (e.g., from casein) before dialysed Cl is measured with a coated tubular chloride-selective electrode. The coefficient of variation for 110 to 170 mg L-1 of free Ca, 1000 to 1500 mg L-1 of total Ca and 1000 to 1800 mg L-1 of total Cl were >0.4, 1.0 and 0.3, respectively. This method compared with existing manual methods is faster, more accurate and reliable, and uses a single series of Ca standards for both total and free Ca determination.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '13',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 00:38:25',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '00328',
			'pauthor' => '!Van Staden, J.F.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1007/BF00322218',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Three component flow injection analysis with online dialysis. Simultaneous determination of free calcium, total calcium and total chloride in milk by flow injection analysis and online dialysis', Fresenius J. Anal. Chem., 1990 337(4) 393-397',
			'firstchar' => 'T',
			'twochars' => 'Th',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
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			),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 22 => array(
			'id' => '009086',
			'authors' => 'Altunbulduk, T.;Meier zu Koecker, H.;Frenzel, W.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Tahir Altunbulduk, Heinz Meier zu K&ouml;cker and Wolfgang Frenzel',
			'title' => 'Studies on the elimination of sulfide interference in the potentiometric determination of chloride using ion selective electrodes in a flow injection system',
			'journal' => 'Fresenius J. Anal. Chem.',
			'journal_id' => '0944',
			'fadid' => 'FJAC1995V0351P00593',
			'year' => '1995',
			'volume' => '351',
			'issue' => '7',
			'startpage' => '593',
			'endpage' => '598',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;',
			'matrices' => '',
			'techniques' => ';0290;0400;',
			'keywords' => ';0217;',
			'abstract' => 'Detailed investigations have been reported on the application of a common procedure using bromate in nitric acid for the removal of the interference of sulfide in the direct potentiometric determination of chloride using silver-based ion selective electrodes in a flow injection system. It is shown that this procedure is not very efficient and carries a high risk of chloride underestimation. With increasing levels of sulfide the oxidation of chloride to elemental chlorine becomes progressively significant and under certain circumstances virtually no chloride is left irrespective of its initial concentration. Hydrogen peroxide in alkaline medium is proposed as a suitable alternative for the efficient removal of sulfide without any adverse effects on the potentiometric method.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '10',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 09:19:41',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '00154',
			'pauthor' => '!Frenzel, W.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1007/BF00323331',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Studies on the elimination of sulfide interference in the potentiometric determination of chloride using ion selective electrodes in a flow injection system', Fresenius J. Anal. Chem., 1995 351(7) 593-598',
			'firstchar' => 'S',
			'twochars' => 'St',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
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			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 23 => array(
			'id' => '009565',
			'authors' => 'Van Staden, J.F.',
			'authorsweb' => 'NA',
			'title' => 'Flow injection analysis of chloride in milk with a dialyzer and a coated tubular inorganic chloride-selective electrode',
			'journal' => 'Anal. Lett.',
			'journal_id' => '0820',
			'fadid' => 'ANLE1986V0019P01407',
			'year' => '1986',
			'volume' => '19',
			'issue' => '13&14',
			'startpage' => '1407',
			'endpage' => '1419',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;',
			'matrices' => ';0007;',
			'techniques' => ';0224;0290;',
			'keywords' => ';0111;0217;0258;0302;',
			'abstract' => 'A flow injection analysis system is described (manifold and flow diagram given), whereby samples (30 &micro;L) are introduced into a carrier stream (3.9 mL min-1) of 1 M KNO3 and pumped through a dialyser (16 cm x 3 cm x 2.5 cm) to remove interfering compounds. The dialysed Cl- in the recipient stream (as for carrier stream) is measured with a coated tubular flow-through Cl--selective electrode. The optimization and performance of the system are discussed and the results for the analysis of 10 milk samples are compared with those obtained by the Volhard titration method. For 30 &micro;L samples containing 0.25 to 5.0 g L-1 of Cl-, the coefficient of variation are <0.5% (n = 15).',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '2007-03-29 17:05:38',
			'hits' => '8',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 00:06:14',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '00328',
			'pauthor' => '!Van Staden, J.F.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1080/00032718608069115',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Flow injection analysis of chloride in milk with a dialyzer and a coated tubular inorganic chloride-selective electrode', Anal. Lett., 1986 19(13&14) 1407-1419',
			'firstchar' => 'F',
			'twochars' => 'Fl',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
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			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 24 => array(
			'id' => '009931',
			'authors' => 'Alpizar, J.;Crespi, A.;Cladera, A.;Forteza, R.;Cerda, V.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Jes&uacute;s Alp&iacute;zar, Antonio Cresp&iacute;, Andreu Cladera, Rafael Forteza, V&iacute;ctor Cerd&agrave;',
			'title' => 'Simultaneous determination of chloride and fluoride ions in waters by sequential injection analysis',
			'journal' => 'Electroanalysis',
			'journal_id' => '1003',
			'fadid' => 'ELAN1996V0008P01051',
			'year' => '1996',
			'volume' => '8',
			'issue' => '11',
			'startpage' => '1051',
			'endpage' => '1054',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;0982;',
			'matrices' => ';1069;',
			'techniques' => ';0400;0218;0290;0298;',
			'keywords' => ';0404;0258;0446;',
			'abstract' => 'A sequential injection analysis (SIA) system was developed, based on chloride (I)-selective and fluoride (II)-selective electrodes placed in series, in conjunction with a Ag/AgCl reference electrode (diagram given). Water samples (0.2 ml) were subjected to SIA, sandwiched between 0.4 mL and 3.8 mL cyclohexane-1,2-diamine-NNN'N'-tetra-acetic acid as total ionic strength adjustment buffer, at a flow-rate of 4 ml/min and with potentiometric detection. Calibration graphs were linear from 20-500 &micro;g/ml I and 0.5-200 &micro;g/ml II. The RSD (n = 20) were 1% for 50 &micro;g/ml I and 3.7% for 1 &micro;g/ml II. Stopped-flow detection did not improve the results. The method was applied to potable water samples. The I results generally agreed with those obtained using a batch method and the Mohr method. Recoveries of II from spiked tap water were 92-109%.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '26',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 14:11:23',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '00077',
			'pauthor' => '!Cerda, V.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1002/elan.1140081113',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Simultaneous determination of chloride and fluoride ions in waters by sequential injection analysis', Electroanalysis, 1996 8(11) 1051-1054',
			'firstchar' => 'S',
			'twochars' => 'Si',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
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			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
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				[maximum depth reached]
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			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 25 => array(
			'id' => '009973',
			'authors' => 'Alexander, P.W.;Dimitrakopoulos, T.;Hibbert, D.B.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Peter W. Alexander*, Telis Dimitrakopoulos, D. Brynn Hibbert',
			'title' => 'A six sensor array of coated-wire electrodes for use in a portable flow injection analyzer',
			'journal' => 'Electroanalysis',
			'journal_id' => '1003',
			'fadid' => 'ELAN1998V0010P00707',
			'year' => '1998',
			'volume' => '10',
			'issue' => '10',
			'startpage' => '707',
			'endpage' => '712',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;0205;0485;1780;1588;1936;',
			'matrices' => ';1079;',
			'techniques' => ';0060;0290;0127;0400;',
			'keywords' => ';0258;',
			'abstract' => 'An array of 5 photo-cured epoxydiacrylate membrane electrodes incorporating ionophores and a Ag/AgCl wire electrode used as a chloride sensor were all used simultaneously in a previously reported multielectrode flow cell and in a portable flow injection analyzer described by P. Alexander et al. (1996). Photo-cured coated-wire electrodes for NH4+, Ca2+, H+ (pH), NO3-, and K+ and Ag/AgCl wire-based chloride electrode were developed for remote-site monitoring. The photo-cured membranes prepared exhibited strong adhesion to the metal substrate and showed improved mech. strength compared to PVC-based membranes. Each sensor in the present electrode-array exhibited near-Nernstian response over a log-linear range from 0.1-10 mM with detection limits of 0.01 mM in the flow injection potentiometric mode. The flow injection cell was capable of determining the respectively. ions in various water samples and the results were in good agreement with comparative anal. methods.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '30',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 14:12:37',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '00008',
			'pauthor' => '!Alexander, P.W.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1002/(SICI)1521-4109(199808)10:10<707::AID-ELAN707>3.3.CO;2-M',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''A six sensor array of coated-wire electrodes for use in a portable flow injection analyzer', Electroanalysis, 1998 10(10) 707-712',
			'firstchar' => 'A',
			'twochars' => 'A ',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Matrix' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 26 => array(
			'id' => '011780',
			'authors' => 'Trojanowicz, M.A.;Hulanicki, A.;Matuszewski, W.;Fuksiewicz, A.;Hulanicka Michalak, T.;Raszewski, S.;Szyller, J.;Augustyniak, W.',
			'authorsweb' => 'NA',
			'title' => 'Microprocessor-controlled flow injection system with potentiometric detection',
			'journal' => 'Chem. Anal.',
			'journal_id' => '0977',
			'fadid' => 'CHAN1987V0032P00709',
			'year' => '1987',
			'volume' => '32',
			'issue' => '5',
			'startpage' => '709',
			'endpage' => '721',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;1936;',
			'matrices' => ';0562;0372;',
			'techniques' => ';0290;0322;0400;',
			'keywords' => ';0044;0090;',
			'abstract' => 'A system is described for automated flow injection analysis with potentiometric ion-selective electrode detection. The system was tested for determination of Cl- in natural waters and of K in rock salt.',
			'language' => 'Polish',
			'updated' => '2014-10-23 20:46:01',
			'sjccheck' => 'No',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '0',
			'urlcheck' => '2006-05-20 18:55:53',
			'urlcheckcode' => '',
			'pauthor_id' => '00320',
			'pauthor' => '!Trojanowicz, M.A.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => 'NA SJC 102314',
			'url' => 'NA',
			'urltype' => 'NA',
			'gotpdf' => 'no',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Microprocessor-controlled flow injection system with potentiometric detection', Chem. Anal., 1987 32(5) 709-721',
			'firstchar' => 'M',
			'twochars' => 'Mi',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
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			'Keyword' => array(
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			)
		),
		(int) 27 => array(
			'id' => '012297',
			'authors' => 'Lapa, R.A.S.;Lima, J.L.F.C.;Barrado, E.;Vela, H.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Lapa, Rui A. S.; Lima, Jose L. F. C.; Barrado, Enrique; Vela, Henar',
			'title' => 'Potentiometric determination of chloride in parenteral and haemodialysis solutions by FIA',
			'journal' => 'Il Farmaco',
			'journal_id' => '1171',
			'fadid' => 'FARM1997V0052P00127',
			'year' => '1997',
			'volume' => '52',
			'issue' => '2',
			'startpage' => '127',
			'endpage' => '130',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;',
			'matrices' => ';0142;0149;',
			'techniques' => ';0400;0290;',
			'keywords' => ';0111;0258;',
			'abstract' => 'To determine chloride in parenteral solutions, sample (200 &micro;L) was injected into a stream (4 ml/min) of 0.1 M KNO3/0.1 mM NaCl for 50-fold dilution prior to merging with a similar carrier stream. The flow passed through a mixing coil (50 cm) prior to potentiometric detection using a tubular chloride ISE based on a homogenous crystalline membrane. To determine chloride in haemodialysis solution a similar manifold was used, but with passage through a dialysis unit which enabled 200-fold dilutions to be performed to adjust the sample to within the linear range of the ISE, (0.1 mM to 0.2M). The dialysis solution was 0.1 M KNO3/0.1 mM NaCl. Recoveries were >=97% and RSD were 1.8-5.3%. Results agreed with those obtained using conventional methodology.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'No',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '0',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-24 19:38:33',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 200 OK',
			'pauthor_id' => null,
			'pauthor' => 'NA',
			'address' => 'NA',
			'email' => 'NA',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => 'eurekamag.com/research/003/237/003237392.php',
			'urltype' => 'absurl',
			'gotpdf' => 'no',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Potentiometric determination of chloride in parenteral and haemodialysis solutions by FIA', Il Farmaco, 1997 52(2) 127-130',
			'firstchar' => 'P',
			'twochars' => 'Po',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
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				[maximum depth reached]
			),
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				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 28 => array(
			'id' => '012533',
			'authors' => 'Zhang, Q.;Yu, Z.;Gao, Z.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Zhang Qing, Yu Zhenan and Gao Zhan',
			'title' => 'Ion-selective electrode - flow injection analysis for chlorine in water',
			'journal' => 'Fenxi Shiyanshi',
			'journal_id' => '0881',
			'fadid' => 'FXSS1986V0005P00014',
			'year' => '1986',
			'volume' => '5',
			'issue' => '6',
			'startpage' => '14',
			'endpage' => '16',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0597;',
			'matrices' => ';0372;',
			'techniques' => ';0290;',
			'keywords' => '',
			'abstract' => 'By using the described method 100 samples can be analyzed in 1 h; 1 &micro;L of sample is required. The working range is 3 to 100 ppm of Cl, and the detection limit is 0.1 ppm. The coefficient of variation was 1.3%. The results showed good agreement with those obtained by a chemical method.',
			'language' => 'Chinese',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '2013-10-19 04:00:00',
			'hits' => '0',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-13 17:51:10',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 200 OK',
			'pauthor_id' => null,
			'pauthor' => 'NA',
			'address' => '1) and 2) Department of Chemistry, North-East Institute of Technology and 3) Institute of Forestry and Soil Sciences, Acadimia Sinica',
			'email' => 'NA',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => 'en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTotal-FXSY198606005.htm',
			'urltype' => 'absurl',
			'gotpdf' => 'no',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Ion-selective electrode - flow injection analysis for chlorine in water', Fenxi Shiyanshi, 1986 5(6) 14-16',
			'firstchar' => 'I',
			'twochars' => 'Io',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
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				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Keyword' => array([maximum depth reached])
		),
		(int) 29 => array(
			'id' => '012793',
			'authors' => 'Gao, Z.;Lu, M.Y.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Gao Zhan; Lu Mingyuan',
			'title' => 'Flow injection analysis by ion-selective electrodes, a detachable solid membrane chloride ion-selective electrode used in the determination of chloride in soil water extracts',
			'journal' => 'Huanjing Kexue',
			'journal_id' => '0888',
			'fadid' => 'HJKX1981V0002P00376',
			'year' => '1981',
			'volume' => '2',
			'issue' => '5',
			'startpage' => '376',
			'endpage' => '380',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;',
			'matrices' => ';0363;1079;',
			'techniques' => ';0290;',
			'keywords' => ';0258;',
			'abstract' => 'The flow injection mol. determine the Cl- contents at 10^-3 - 10^-1 M in leachates with volume >10 mL with relative standard deviations 1-2%. The response potentials 50-150 mV are linearly related to Cl- concentrations <10-3 - 1 x 10^-1 M. For leachate samples containing Cl-, the method yields Cl- contents 0.12 and 0.98% compared to 0.14 and 0.92% determined by a volumetric method.',
			'language' => 'Chinese',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '2013-12-17 05:00:00',
			'hits' => '0',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-13 09:57:16',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 200 OK',
			'pauthor_id' => null,
			'pauthor' => 'NA',
			'address' => 'Inst. For. Soil, Acad. Sin, Peop. Rep. China',
			'email' => 'NA',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => 'www.hjkx.ac.cn/hjkx/ch/reader/create_pdf.aspx?file_no=19810514&flag=1&journal_id=hjkx&year_id=1981',
			'urltype' => 'pdfurl',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Flow injection analysis by ion-selective electrodes, a detachable solid membrane chloride ion-selective electrode used in the determination of chloride in soil water extracts', Huanjing Kexue, 1981 2(5) 376-380',
			'firstchar' => 'F',
			'twochars' => 'Fl',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Matrix' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 30 => array(
			'id' => '012954',
			'authors' => 'Ilcheva, L.;Yanakiev, R.',
			'authorsweb' => 'NA',
			'title' => 'Influence of some parameters on membrane selectivity in flow injection potentiometry',
			'journal' => 'Izv. Khim.',
			'journal_id' => '0531',
			'fadid' => 'IZPK1990V0023P00167',
			'year' => '1990',
			'volume' => '23',
			'issue' => '2',
			'startpage' => '167',
			'endpage' => '171',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;',
			'matrices' => ';0397;',
			'techniques' => ';0290;0400;',
			'keywords' => ';0399;0253;0217;0440;',
			'abstract' => 'Selectivity coefficient >1 of commercial Cl--, Br-- and NO3--selective electrodes towards various interfering species in conventional potentiometry can be considerably improved if the electrodes are used as sensors in flow injection analysis. The selectivity can be further improved by increasing the carrier-stream flow rate, decreasing the injection volume, and use of the method of standard additions. The interference from 0.6 mM Br- was thereby overcome when determining ~0.1 to 0.2 M Cl- in seawater by the flow injection technique with a Cl--selective electrode.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:11:09',
			'sjccheck' => 'No',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '0',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-27 09:10:02',
			'urlcheckcode' => '',
			'pauthor_id' => null,
			'pauthor' => 'NA',
			'address' => 'NA',
			'email' => 'NA',
			'notes' => 'NA SJC 102714',
			'url' => 'NA',
			'urltype' => 'NA',
			'gotpdf' => 'no',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Influence of some parameters on membrane selectivity in flow injection potentiometry', Izv. Khim., 1990 23(2) 167-171',
			'firstchar' => 'I',
			'twochars' => 'In',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Matrix' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 31 => array(
			'id' => '013010',
			'authors' => 'Ylasov, Y.G.;Ermolenko, Y.E.;Popov, I.A.;El'Marug, S.Y.;Khoroshev, V.G.;Kolodnikov, V.V.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Yu. G. Vlasov, Yu. E. Ermolenko, I. A. Popov, S. Yu. El'- Marug, V. G. Khoroshev, and V. V. Kolodnikov',
			'title' => 'Flow injection analysis of natural waters with a chloride-selective electrode',
			'journal' => 'J. Anal. Chem.',
			'journal_id' => '0798',
			'fadid' => 'JACU1997V0052P00081',
			'year' => '1997',
			'volume' => '52',
			'issue' => '1',
			'startpage' => '81',
			'endpage' => '84',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;',
			'matrices' => ';0372;',
			'techniques' => ';0290;',
			'keywords' => ';0043;',
			'abstract' => 'A chloride ISE with polycrystalline membranes based on AgCl and Ag2S (USSR Inventor's Certificate No. 630576, Byull. Izobret., 1977, number 40) was used in conjunction with a AgCl2 EVL-IM3 reference electrode for the FIA of water samples (0.5-2 ml). The carrier was 0.01 M KNO3 and the volume of the electrode cell was 0.5 mL. At the optimal flow rate (25 ml/min) the detection limit was 20 &micro;M-chloride. The method was applicable to the determination of 1-350 mg/l chloride. RSD were 3-8%.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:11:09',
			'sjccheck' => 'No',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '14',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-23 18:46:04',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Object moved',
			'pauthor_id' => null,
			'pauthor' => 'NA',
			'address' => 'St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab. 7/9, St. Petersburg, 199034 Russia',
			'email' => 'NA',
			'notes' => 'Not available on springer',
			'url' => 'elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=13258010',
			'urltype' => 'absurl',
			'gotpdf' => 'no',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Flow injection analysis of natural waters with a chloride-selective electrode', J. Anal. Chem., 1997 52(1) 81-84',
			'firstchar' => 'F',
			'twochars' => 'Fl',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Matrix' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 32 => array(
			'id' => '013023',
			'authors' => 'Gur'ev, I.A.;Kuleshova, N.V.',
			'authorsweb' => 'I. A. Gur'ev and N. V. Kuleshova',
			'title' => 'Sorption preconcentration and flow injection determination of cadmium',
			'journal' => 'J. Anal. Chem.',
			'journal_id' => '0798',
			'fadid' => 'JACU1998V0053P00796',
			'year' => '1998',
			'volume' => '53',
			'issue' => '9',
			'startpage' => '796',
			'endpage' => '799',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0478;',
			'matrices' => '',
			'techniques' => ';0290;0303;0400;',
			'keywords' => ';0212;0089;0398;',
			'abstract' => 'A procedure for the flow injection determination of Cd traces in aqueous solutions was developed. The procedure is based on the use of ion-selective electrodes sensitive to chloride or iodide complexes of Cd. Sorption pre-concentration simultaneously transforms Cd to anal. active species, it decreases the limit of detection, and improves the selectivity of determination.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:11:09',
			'sjccheck' => 'No',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '15',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-23 18:49:51',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Object moved',
			'pauthor_id' => null,
			'pauthor' => 'NA',
			'address' => 'Chemistry Department, Nizhni-Novgorod State University, prosp. Gagarina 23, 603600, Nizhni Novgorod, Russia',
			'email' => 'NA',
			'notes' => 'Not available on springer',
			'url' => 'elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=13280948',
			'urltype' => 'absurl',
			'gotpdf' => 'no',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Sorption preconcentration and flow injection determination of cadmium', J. Anal. Chem., 1998 53(9) 796-799',
			'firstchar' => 'S',
			'twochars' => 'So',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 33 => array(
			'id' => '013445',
			'authors' => 'Sakai, A.;Asano, Y.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Aki Sakai and Yasukazu Asano',
			'title' => 'Flow injection analysis of chloride by use of a flow-through type chloride ion-selective electrode and correlation with JIS method',
			'journal' => 'J. Flow Injection Anal.',
			'journal_id' => '0776',
			'fadid' => 'JFIA1989V0006P00144',
			'year' => '1989',
			'volume' => '6',
			'issue' => '2',
			'startpage' => '144',
			'endpage' => '150',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;',
			'matrices' => ';1069;',
			'techniques' => ';0290;',
			'keywords' => ';0217;0258;0441;',
			'abstract' => 'Sample (75 &micro;L) is injected into a carrier stream (0.9 mL min-1) of water and mixed with the reagent stream (0.9 mL min-1) containing 0.2 M Na acetate, 0.05 M KNO3 and 10 &micro;M-KCl with detection at a flow-through type Cl ion-selective electrode. The calibration graph was rectilinear from 1 to 10 mg L-1 of Cl-; detection limit was 0.1 mg l-1. The coefficient of variation were 0.85% and 0.13% for 1 and 10 mg L-1 of Cl-, respectively. Tolerance levels of Br-, I- and SO42- were 0.3, 0.8 and 0.1 mg l-1, respectively. Sampling rate was 30 samples h-1. Results obtained correlated well with those of the JIS method. The method was applied in the analysis of tap water.',
			'language' => 'Japanese',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'No',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '0',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-13 13:25:54',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 200 OK',
			'pauthor_id' => '00840',
			'pauthor' => '!Asano, Y.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => 'aitech.ac.jp/~jafia/english/jfia/contents/6_2/JFIA1989V0006P00144.pdf',
			'urltype' => 'pdfurl',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Flow injection analysis of chloride by use of a flow-through type chloride ion-selective electrode and correlation with JIS method', J. Flow Injection Anal., 1989 6(2) 144-150',
			'firstchar' => 'F',
			'twochars' => 'Fl',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
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				[maximum depth reached]
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				[maximum depth reached]
			),
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				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 34 => array(
			'id' => '013654',
			'authors' => 'Furuya, H.;Nakayama, K.',
			'authorsweb' => 'NA',
			'title' => 'Flow injection analysis of chloride ion in water using ion-selective electrode',
			'journal' => 'J. Jpn. Water Works Assoc.',
			'journal_id' => '1278',
			'fadid' => 'JJWW1983V0052P00051',
			'year' => '1983',
			'volume' => '52',
			'issue' => '4',
			'startpage' => '51',
			'endpage' => '54',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;',
			'matrices' => ';1079;',
			'techniques' => ';0290;',
			'keywords' => ';0460;0351;',
			'abstract' => 'NA',
			'language' => 'Japanese',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '2006-08-24 17:34:13',
			'hits' => '0',
			'urlcheck' => '2006-05-20 19:17:48',
			'urlcheckcode' => '',
			'pauthor_id' => null,
			'pauthor' => 'NA',
			'address' => 'NA',
			'email' => 'NA',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => 'NA',
			'urltype' => 'NA',
			'gotpdf' => 'no',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Flow injection analysis of chloride ion in water using ion-selective electrode', J. Jpn. Water Works Assoc., 1983 52(4) 51-54',
			'firstchar' => 'F',
			'twochars' => 'Fl',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Matrix' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 35 => array(
			'id' => '014437',
			'authors' => 'Weker, W.;Trojanowicz, M.A.',
			'authorsweb' => 'W?adys?aw Weker and Marek Trojanowicz',
			'title' => 'Application of flow injection analysis for the determination of chloride extracted from corroded iron artifacts',
			'journal' => 'Stud. Conserv.',
			'journal_id' => '1418',
			'fadid' => 'SCON1987V0032P00086',
			'year' => '1987',
			'volume' => '32',
			'issue' => '2',
			'startpage' => '86',
			'endpage' => '90',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;',
			'matrices' => ';0621;',
			'techniques' => ';0400;0290;',
			'keywords' => ';0302;',
			'abstract' => 'Mediaeval iron rivets were immersed in a bath of 0.05 M NaOH - 0.5 M Na2SO4 at 64&deg;C. The extracted Cl- was determined in a system (illustrated) in which the flow-through component was arranged in a two-line configuration and contained the indicating Cl--sensitive electrode and a constant-potential reference electrode. A calibration graph, prepared by using standard solution containing 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200 or 500 ppm of Cl- and different amounts of NaOH and Na2SO4, was rectilinear for >30 ppm of Cl-, but determinations of 5 to 30 ppm of Cl- by using the curved part of the graph could also be achieved. Fifty samples could be analyzed in 1 h under optimum conditions.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'No',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '35',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 00:29:19',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '00320',
			'pauthor' => '!Trojanowicz, M.A.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.2307/1506296',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Application of flow injection analysis for the determination of chloride extracted from corroded iron artifacts', Stud. Conserv., 1987 32(2) 86-90',
			'firstchar' => 'A',
			'twochars' => 'Ap',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Matrix' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 36 => array(
			'id' => '014733',
			'authors' => 'Gur'ev, I.A.;Zyuzina, L.F.;Rusyaeva, Y.I.',
			'authorsweb' => 'NA',
			'title' => 'Ionometric determination of zinc in alloys',
			'journal' => 'Zavod. Lab.',
			'journal_id' => '0770',
			'fadid' => 'ZSLB1996V0062P00016',
			'year' => '1996',
			'volume' => '62',
			'issue' => '8',
			'startpage' => '16',
			'endpage' => '17',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';2529;',
			'matrices' => ';0057;0339;',
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"Response Time Phenomena Of Coated Open-tubular Solid-state Silver Halide-selective Electrodes And Their Influence On Sample Dispersion In Flow Injection Analysis"
Anal. Chim. Acta 1992 Volume 261, Issue 1-2 Pages 381-390

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			'keywords' => ';0119;',
			'abstract' => 'A Cl--selective electrode was prepared from a silver - AgCl electrode by surface oxidation of the silver in 0.5 M FeCl3. A double-junction SCE with a 1 M NH4NO3 bridge was the reference electrode. In the low concentration. range (15 to 50 &micro;M), the Cl- concentration. was directly proportional to the electrode potential. In the Nernstian response region, the dispersion in the flow system influenced the lower limit of the rectilinear calibration range whereas in the sub-Nernstian region it influenced the slope of the electrode response curve. The method was applied in the determination of Cl- in river water. The results agreed well with those obtained by titration, with standard deviations of ~1.5 mg L-1 at the level of 40 mg l-1',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '14',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 15:44:55',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '00320',
			'pauthor' => '!Trojanowicz, M.A.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1016/S0003-2670(00)80062-8',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Potentiometric flow injection determination of chloride', Anal. Chim. Acta, 1983 151(1) 77-84',
			'firstchar' => 'P',
			'twochars' => 'Po',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Matrix' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 2 => array(
			'id' => '004879',
			'authors' => 'Van Staden, J.F.',
			'authorsweb' => 'J. F. Van Staden',
			'title' => 'Coated tubular solid-state chloride-selective electrode in flow injection analysis',
			'journal' => 'Anal. Chim. Acta',
			'journal_id' => '0584',
			'fadid' => 'ANCA1986V0179P00407',
			'year' => '1986',
			'volume' => '179',
			'issue' => '1',
			'startpage' => '407',
			'endpage' => '417',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;',
			'matrices' => ';0372;',
			'techniques' => ';0224;0290;',
			'keywords' => ';0043;0258;',
			'abstract' => 'The construction of the electrode is described and illustrated. Response times are 3 to 4 s and the range is 5 to 5000 mg L-1 for 30 &micro;L samples. Mean recoveries of 67 and 114 mg L-1 are 97.8 and 98.9%, respectively, with coefficient of variation in the analysis of 16 water samples being <1.7% (n = 15). The results agree well with those obtained spectrophotometrically.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '6',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 15:49:34',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '00328',
			'pauthor' => '!Van Staden, J.F.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1016/S0003-2670(00)84485-2',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Coated tubular solid-state chloride-selective electrode in flow injection analysis', Anal. Chim. Acta, 1986 179(1) 407-417',
			'firstchar' => 'C',
			'twochars' => 'Co',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Matrix' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 3 => array(
			'id' => '005071',
			'authors' => 'Trojanowicz, M.A.;Krawczynski Vel Krawczyk, T.;Augustyniak, W.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Marek Trojanowicz and Tadeusz Krawczyski vel Krawczyk, Wodzimierz Augustyniak',
			'title' => 'Simple antilog converter for conventional and flow injection measurements with ion-selective electrodes',
			'journal' => 'Anal. Chim. Acta',
			'journal_id' => '0584',
			'fadid' => 'ANCA1988V0207P00325',
			'year' => '1988',
			'volume' => '207',
			'issue' => '1-2',
			'startpage' => '325',
			'endpage' => '330',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;0686;0982;1936;',
			'matrices' => '',
			'techniques' => ';0290;0295;0298;0322;0400;',
			'keywords' => ';0043;0090;0144;',
			'abstract' => 'A simple antilog. converter based on an antilog. amplifier is described. In potentiometric measurements it produced an output voltage which depended rectilinearly on the concentration. of the sensed species over two orders of magnitude. Signals obtained in measurements with Cl-, F-, K+ and Cu(II) ion-selective electrodes ranged from 1.0 to 10.0 V. The converter was used for flow injection potentiometry within one concentration. decade, but its sensitivity depended on the dispersion in the flow system.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '15',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 15:53:56',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '00320',
			'pauthor' => '!Trojanowicz, M.A.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1016/S0003-2670(00)80809-0',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Simple antilog converter for conventional and flow injection measurements with ion-selective electrodes', Anal. Chim. Acta, 1988 207(1-2) 325-330',
			'firstchar' => 'S',
			'twochars' => 'Si',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 4 => array(
			'id' => '005694',
			'authors' => 'Van Staden, J.F.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Jacobus F. van Staden',
			'title' => 'Response time phenomena of coated open-tubular solid-state silver halide-selective electrodes and their influence on sample dispersion in flow injection analysis',
			'journal' => 'Anal. Chim. Acta',
			'journal_id' => '0584',
			'fadid' => 'ANCA1992V0261P00381',
			'year' => '1992',
			'volume' => '261',
			'issue' => '1-2',
			'startpage' => '381',
			'endpage' => '390',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0451;0594;1275;',
			'matrices' => '',
			'techniques' => ';0283;0290;0303;',
			'keywords' => ';0302;0410;0119;',
			'abstract' => 'A comparative study has been made of the response times of coated open-tubular Ag membrane electrodes selective towards Cl-, Br- or I- (cf. Ibid., 1986, 179, 407) as they affect the throughput of flow injection analysis systems. The tubular indicator electrodes were used in conjunction with an Orion 90-02 double-junction reference electrode with 10% KNO3 solution in its outer chamber. The digitized signals were smoothed by applying the DS (data sets) Cat and Smooth operations of the ASYST software; typical background-corrected graphs for the flow injection measurement of halides (10 to 5000 mg l-1) are reproduced. Examination of the leading edges of the various peaks showed that their rate of response was independent of concentration. and did not significantly decrease the sampling rate, although the response of the Br- electrode at the initial peak-formation stages near the baseline was slightly slower than that of the others. The rate of response of the trailing edges was mainly responsible for the sampling rate in an optimized flow injection system, and the I- electrode showed a memory effect, which was largely responsible for the low sampling rate of this system compared with similar systems with the other two electrodes. The contribution of the memory effect or response time phenomena of coated open-tubular solid state chloride-, bromide-, and iodide-selective electrodes on the anal. output in flow injection systems are presented for concentration. ranges between 10 and 5000 mg L-1. The rate of response for the leading edges of all three electrodes due to electrode properties are independent of concentration. and do not contribute significantly to any decrease in sampling rate, although the rate of response of the bromide-selective electrode flow injection analysis (FIA) system seems to be slightly slower than the other two electrode systems at the initial peak-formation stages near the base line. The rate of response for the tailing edges of the different electrodes due to electrode properties is mainly responsible for the sampling rate obtained in an optimized FIA-ISE system. The memory effect of the iodide-selective electrode is mainly responsible for the fact that the sampling rate of this system is very much lower than the sampling rate obtained for similar systems with the other two electrodes. For the bromide-selective electrode system, the slower rate of response due to electrode properties at the tailing edges (especially with high concentrations of bromide) than that of the chloride-selective electrode, contributes mainly to a lower sampling output for the bromide-selective electrode-FIA system when compared with the chloride electrode system.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '6',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 16:06:13',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '00328',
			'pauthor' => '!Van Staden, J.F.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1016/0003-2670(92)80217-U',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Response time phenomena of coated open-tubular solid-state silver halide-selective electrodes and their influence on sample dispersion in flow injection analysis', Anal. Chim. Acta, 1992 261(1-2) 381-390',
			'firstchar' => 'R',
			'twochars' => 'Re',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 5 => array(
			'id' => '005877',
			'authors' => 'Hauser, P.C.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Peter C. Hauser*',
			'title' => 'Trioctyltin chloride as carrier for a chloride-selective electrode in flow injection potentiometry',
			'journal' => 'Anal. Chim. Acta',
			'journal_id' => '0584',
			'fadid' => 'ANCA1993V0278P00227',
			'year' => '1993',
			'volume' => '278',
			'issue' => '2',
			'startpage' => '227',
			'endpage' => '232',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;',
			'matrices' => '',
			'techniques' => ';0400;0290;',
			'keywords' => '',
			'abstract' => 'Trioctyltin chloride was dissolved in THF with bis-(1-butylpentyl)adipate and PVC, then an ISE was constructed with the membrane solution and a Ag wire. The ISE was incorporated into a flow injection cell [cf. Analyst (London), 1988, 113, 1551] and FIA was carried out to determine chloride concentration. in standard solution The inherent instability of the trioctyltin chloride was eliminated in the flow injection mode. Calibration graphs were rectilinear from 1-100 mM chloride and the detection limit was 0.1 mM; no RSD is given.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '6',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 16:09:29',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '01004',
			'pauthor' => '!Hauser, P.C.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1016/0003-2670(93)85103-Q',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Trioctyltin chloride as carrier for a chloride-selective electrode in flow injection potentiometry', Anal. Chim. Acta, 1993 278(2) 227-232',
			'firstchar' => 'T',
			'twochars' => 'Tr',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]),
			'Keyword' => array([maximum depth reached])
		),
		(int) 6 => array(
			'id' => '006206',
			'authors' => 'Rizov, I.;Ilcheva, L.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Ivelin Rizov* and Liliana Ilcheva',
			'title' => 'Differential flow injection potentiometry',
			'journal' => 'Anal. Chim. Acta',
			'journal_id' => '0584',
			'fadid' => 'ANCA1995V0311P00175',
			'year' => '1995',
			'volume' => '311',
			'issue' => '2',
			'startpage' => '175',
			'endpage' => '181',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0205;0594;1588;',
			'matrices' => ';0630;1061;',
			'techniques' => ';0290;0312;0274;0400;',
			'keywords' => ';0130;',
			'abstract' => 'Flow injection potentiometric methods using two different ISE placed in series are described for the simultaneous determination of (i) nitrate and chloride and (ii) nitrate and ammonium. The flow injection manifold for the determination of nitrate and chloride consisted of a nitrate ISE separated from a chloride ISE by a reaction coil of 254 cm x 0.51 mm i.d. A sample volume of 60 &micro;L was injected into a 0.04 M Na2SO4 carrier stream (6.3 ml/min). The nitrate concentration was determined using the chloride ISE as a reference electrode and vice versa. The RSD (n = 13) for the determination of 0.1 mM nitrate and 1 mM chloride were 1.1 and 0.9%, respectively. A similar manifold is described for the determination of nitrate and ammonium using nitrate and ammonium ISE separated by a reaction coil of 284 cm x 0.51 mm i.d. The RSD (n = 12) for the determination of nitrate and ammonium in waste water from a urea production plant were 1.1 and 0.9%, respectively.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '14',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 16:17:25',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => null,
			'pauthor' => 'Rizov, I.',
			'address' => 'Department of Analytical Chemistry, Higher Institute of Chemical Technology, 8 Kl. Ochridsky Str., 1756, Sofia, Bulgaria',
			'email' => 'NA',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1016/0003-2670(95)00187-5',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Differential flow injection potentiometry', Anal. Chim. Acta, 1995 311(2) 175-181',
			'firstchar' => 'D',
			'twochars' => 'Di',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Matrix' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 7 => array(
			'id' => '006911',
			'authors' => 'Krawczynski Vel Krawczyk, T.;Szostek, B.;Trojanowicz, M.A.',
			'authorsweb' => 'T. Krawczyski vel Krawczyk, B. Szostek and M. Trojanowicz  ',
			'title' => 'Oxidative removal of interferences in flow injection potentiometric determination of chloride',
			'journal' => 'Talanta',
			'journal_id' => '0569',
			'fadid' => 'TALT1989V0036P00811',
			'year' => '1989',
			'volume' => '36',
			'issue' => '8',
			'startpage' => '811',
			'endpage' => '815',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;',
			'matrices' => '',
			'techniques' => ';0400;0290;',
			'keywords' => ';0217;',
			'abstract' => 'The flow injection system consisted of a multi-channel peristaltic pump, a laboratory-built rotary injection valve with an exchangeable sample loop, a constant-temp. delay coil and a large-volume wall-jet cell. Chloride-sensing electrodes (Ag - AgCl and AgCl - Ag2S membrane) were used in conjunction with an Orion 90-02 double-junction reference electrode. With 0.1 M KBrO3 in 1 M HNO3 as the carrier solution, direct potentiometric determination of Cl- in the presence of excess of Br-, I-, S2- and CN- could be carried out at a max. sampling rate of 120 h-1. Calibration graphs were rectilinear from 10 to 1000 ppm of Cl-, and the coefficient of variation for Br--to-Cl- wt. ratios of 1:1, 1:10 and 25:1 were 1.5, 0.2 and 0.5%, respectively.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '60',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 14:55:16',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '00320',
			'pauthor' => '!Trojanowicz, M.A.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1016/0039-9140(89)80159-6',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Oxidative removal of interferences in flow injection potentiometric determination of chloride', Talanta, 1989 36(8) 811-815',
			'firstchar' => 'O',
			'twochars' => 'Ox',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 8 => array(
			'id' => '006998',
			'authors' => 'Najib, F.M.;Othman, S.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Fadhil M. Najib* and Shireen Othman,  ',
			'title' => 'Simultaneous determination of chloride, bromide, iodide and fluoride with flow injection - ion-selective electrode systems',
			'journal' => 'Talanta',
			'journal_id' => '0569',
			'fadid' => 'TALT1992V0039P01259',
			'year' => '1992',
			'volume' => '39',
			'issue' => '10',
			'startpage' => '1259',
			'endpage' => '1267',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;0451;1275;0982;',
			'matrices' => ';0372;',
			'techniques' => ';0283;0290;0298;0303;',
			'keywords' => ';0258;0320;0217;',
			'abstract' => 'Electrodes for Cl-, Br- and I- were constructed (preparation described) from Ag2 - AgCl or AgBr (1:1) and Ag2S - AgI (1:3); for F- a commercial electrode was used. By combining the electrodes and suppressor columns of AgCl and amalgamated Pb, the ions were simultaneously determined in a carrier stream (0.5 mL min-1) of e.g. 0.1 M HClO4 at pH 4.0. The calibration graphs were rectilinear down to 100, 5, 1 and 5 &micro;M for Cl-, Br-, I- and F-, respectively. The reproducibility was 1% for the determination of the halides in eight water samples, the results agreed well with those obtained by three reference methods. Flow-through ion-selective electrodes were constructed from compressed pellets (8-10 mm thick, 13 mm diameter, 10 tons/cm2 pressure) of Ag2S/AgX (X = Cl-, Br- or I-) drilled longitudinally (1.5 mm diameter hole) to be suitable for use in flow injection analysis. A column of AgCl (5.5 cm long, 2-3 mm internal diameter) was included in the Cl- electrode manifold to remove interferences from 10^-4 M Br- and 3 x 10^-5 M I- and S2-. A column of amalgamated lead (2-3 cm long, 2-3 mm internal diameter) was used in the Br--electrode manifold to remove interference from 2 x 10^-5 M I-, 3 x 10^-5 M S2- and 7 x 10^-4 M Cl-. These columns and the addition of ascorbic acid were not required when I- was determined with the iodide electrode. The carrier stream was 0.1 M sodium perchlorate (pH 4) at a flow-rate of 0.5 mL/min. The sample pH could be 4-7. Simultaneous determination of Cl- and I-, Cl-, I- and Br-, and Cl-, I-, Br- and F- ions was possible with combinations of the corresponding electrodes and columns in series and/or parallel in specially designed manifolds. Calibration plots were linear, with almost theoretical slopes, down to 10^-6 M I-, 5 x 10^-6 M Br-, 10^-4 M Cl- and 5 x 10^-6 M F-, with precision better than 1%. Sampling rates for single-ion determinations were 72, 102, 90 and 80 per h for the one-, two-, three- and four-electrode systems respectively. Determinations of these ions in water samples by the recommended procedure and by established batch methods showed no significant difference at the 95% confidence limits in a paired comparison t-test.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '28',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 14:59:47',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => null,
			'pauthor' => 'Najib, F.M.',
			'address' => 'Department of Chemistry, University of Salahaddin, Arbil, Iraq',
			'email' => 'NA',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1016/0039-9140(92)80234-5',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Simultaneous determination of chloride, bromide, iodide and fluoride with flow injection - ion-selective electrode systems', Talanta, 1992 39(10) 1259-1267',
			'firstchar' => 'S',
			'twochars' => 'Si',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Matrix' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 9 => array(
			'id' => '007402',
			'authors' => 'Midgley, D.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Derek Midgley',
			'title' => 'Determination of chloride and fluoride in boronated water',
			'journal' => 'Analyst',
			'journal_id' => '0864',
			'fadid' => 'ANAL1985V0110P00841',
			'year' => '1985',
			'volume' => '110',
			'issue' => '7',
			'startpage' => '841',
			'endpage' => '845',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;0982;',
			'matrices' => ';1068;',
			'techniques' => ';0290;0298;0400;',
			'keywords' => '',
			'abstract' => 'The performance of chloride-and fluoride-selective electrodes in boronated waters, typical of a pressurised water reactor (PWR) primary coolant, has been investigated. The precision and sensitivity of the mercury(I) chloride-mercury(II) sulphide membrane electrode were unaffected by the boric acid medium and the electrode was adequate for measurements below the specified limit of 150-200 &micro;g l-1 of chloride. Measurements of fluoride concentration in the range 25-250 &micro;g l-1 were straightforward, with a relative standard deviation of about 2%. The lanthanum fluoride membrane electrode can, therefore, be used to check that PWR primary coolant is within the specified limit of 150 &micro;g l-1. The boric acid in the sample causes a bias in direct potentiometry for fluoride, but this can be corrected by a simple mathematical equation. Alternatively, the bias can be avoided by the use of known addition potentiometry. Fluoride electrodes deviate from the theoretical sensitivity below a concentration of about 25 &micro;g l-1, but still have ample sensitivity down to 1 &micro;g l-1. In this concentration range, however, the response is very slow, taking 40-120 min to reach equilibrium and there is considerable variation between individual electrodes.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '8',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 00:01:01',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => null,
			'pauthor' => 'Midgley, D.',
			'address' => 'NA',
			'email' => 'NA',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1039/an9851000841',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Determination of chloride and fluoride in boronated water', Analyst, 1985 110(7) 841-845',
			'firstchar' => 'D',
			'twochars' => 'De',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
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				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Keyword' => array([maximum depth reached])
		),
		(int) 10 => array(
			'id' => '007424',
			'authors' => 'Van Staden, J.F.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Jacobus F. van Staden',
			'title' => 'Electrodes in series. Simultaneous flow injection determination of chloride and pH with ion-selective electrodes',
			'journal' => 'Analyst',
			'journal_id' => '0864',
			'fadid' => 'ANAL1986V0111P01231',
			'year' => '1986',
			'volume' => '111',
			'issue' => '11',
			'startpage' => '1231',
			'endpage' => '1234',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;1780;',
			'matrices' => '',
			'techniques' => ';0181;0224;0290;0400;',
			'keywords' => ';0420;',
			'abstract' => 'A tubular flow-through Cl--selective cell (cf. Anal. Chim. Acta, 1986, 179, 407) and a micro-combination pH electrode and double-junction reference electrode with 10% KNO3 solution as the outer chamber filling solution were incorporated in series into a flow injection system. Aliquots (30 &micro;L) of solution (pH 3 to 10) containing 0.02 to 5.0 g L-1 of NaCl were injected at a rate of 60 samples h-1 into ionic-strength adjustment buffer (pH 7.6) containing 0.5 M KNO3 and 10 mM NaH2PO4. Rectilinear calibration graphs were achieved across the pH range, and the Cl- concentration. had no effect on pH measurement. Standard deviations of <1.5% for Cl- and 1% for pH measurement were achieved with the system.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '7',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 00:01:45',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '00328',
			'pauthor' => '!Van Staden, J.F.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1039/an9861101231',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Electrodes in series. Simultaneous flow injection determination of chloride and pH with ion-selective electrodes', Analyst, 1986 111(11) 1231-1234',
			'firstchar' => 'E',
			'twochars' => 'El',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 11 => array(
			'id' => '007498',
			'authors' => 'Hauser, P.C.;Tan, S.S.;Cardwell, T.J.;Cattrall, R.W.;Hamilton, I.C.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Peter C. Hauser, Susie S. Tan, Terence J. Cardwell, Robert W. Cattrall and Ian C. Hamilton',
			'title' => 'Versatile manifold for the simultaneous determination of ions in flow injection analysis',
			'journal' => 'Analyst',
			'journal_id' => '0864',
			'fadid' => 'ANAL1988V0113P01551',
			'year' => '1988',
			'volume' => '113',
			'issue' => '10',
			'startpage' => '1551',
			'endpage' => '1555',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';1936;0485;0205;0594;1588;1841;',
			'matrices' => ';0325;',
			'techniques' => ';0285;0290;0312;0322;0400;0493;',
			'keywords' => ';0173;0420;',
			'abstract' => 'A flow injection analysis system is described for the simultaneous determination in plant nutrient solution of K+, Ca(II), NO3- and Cl- by potentiometry, and NH4+ and PO43- by spectrophotometry. Diagrams of the manifold and the spectrophotometric transducer are given. Potentiometric measurements were made with PVC-based ion-selective membranes; the carrier stream was 0.2 M Na acetate buffer. Ammonium ion was determined by the gas diffusion method with use of cresol red and thymol blue. Absorbance was measured at 605 nm. The calibration graph covered the range from 0.5 to 25 mg L-1 as N. Phosphate was determined by the molybdenum blue method, with absorbance measurement at 820 nm; the calibration graph covered the range from 0.5 to 25 mg l-1. Results agreed well with expected values.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '14',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 00:03:52',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '00071',
			'pauthor' => '!Cardwell, T.J.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1039/an9881301551',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Versatile manifold for the simultaneous determination of ions in flow injection analysis', Analyst, 1988 113(10) 1551-1555',
			'firstchar' => 'V',
			'twochars' => 'Ve',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Matrix' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 12 => array(
			'id' => '007551',
			'authors' => 'Hara, H.;Mitani, O.;Okazaki, S.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Hirokazu Hara, Osamu Mitani and Satoshi Okazaki',
			'title' => 'Alternate sample/standard exchange method using a pair of identical ion-selective electrodes for the improvement of precision in an automated potentiometric analysis system',
			'journal' => 'Analyst',
			'journal_id' => '0864',
			'fadid' => 'ANAL1989V0114P00923',
			'year' => '1989',
			'volume' => '114',
			'issue' => '8',
			'startpage' => '923',
			'endpage' => '927',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => '',
			'matrices' => '',
			'techniques' => ';0400;0290;0312;',
			'keywords' => ';0044;',
			'abstract' => 'The use of an automated potentiometric analysis system with a pair of identical ion-selective electrodes as the detector is described. The sample and standard solutions were introduced simultaneously into the flow cell, which was equipped with a pair of identical ion-selective electrodes. The sample and standard streams were then exchanged with each other by using a four-way valve controlled by a microcomputer. The potential difference between the two electrodes was measured before and after switching of the four-way valve. Hence the effect of the potential shift of the ion-selective electrodes could theoretically be cancelled. The characteristics of the system were investigated by using nitrate or chloride ion-selective electrode pairs. A precision of <1% was achieved for five successive measurements when the sample concentration was close to that of the base standard solution.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '2',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 00:04:26',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => null,
			'pauthor' => 'NA',
			'address' => 'NA',
			'email' => 'NA',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1039/an9891400923',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Alternate sample/standard exchange method using a pair of identical ion-selective electrodes for the improvement of precision in an automated potentiometric analysis system', Analyst, 1989 114(8) 923-927',
			'firstchar' => 'A',
			'twochars' => 'Al',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array([maximum depth reached]),
			'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 13 => array(
			'id' => '007648',
			'authors' => 'Van Staden, J.F.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Jacobus F. van Staden',
			'title' => 'Comparison of the influence and contribution of the response times of coated open-tubular solid-state bromide- and chloride-selective electrodes on the analytical throughput (dispersion) in flow injection systems',
			'journal' => 'Analyst',
			'journal_id' => '0864',
			'fadid' => 'ANAL1992V0117P00051',
			'year' => '1992',
			'volume' => '117',
			'issue' => '1',
			'startpage' => '51',
			'endpage' => '56',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => '',
			'matrices' => '',
			'techniques' => ';0283;0290;',
			'keywords' => ';0302;0119;',
			'abstract' => 'The cited study was performed for 10 to 5000 mg L-1 of Br- and Cl-. For both electrodes the adsorption rate is independent of concentration. and does not contribute significantly to any decrease in the sampling rate, although the adsorption rate of the Cl-selective electrode in the system is slightly faster than the Br system. For both electrodes the desorption process is mainly responsible for the sampling rate obtained in an optimized flow injection ion-selective electrode system. An electrode memory of the Br-selective electrode is the main reason for the sampling rate of this system being lower than that obtained for a similar flow injection system with a Cl-selective electrode. An evaluation of the influence and contribution of the response times of coated open-tubular solid-state bromide- and chloride-selective electrodes on the anal. throughput (dispersion) in flow injection (FI) systems is presented using concentration ranges of 10^-5000 mg L-1 for bromide and chloride, respectively. For both electrodes the adsorption rate is independent of concentration. and does not contribute significantly to any decrease in the sampling rate, although the adsorption rate of the chloride-selective electrode in the FI system seems to be slightly faster than the bromide system. For both electrodes the desorption mechanism process is mainly responsible for the sampling rate obtained in an optimized FI-ion-selective electrode system. An electrode memory of the bromide-selective electrode is the main reason for the sampling rate of this system being lower than that obtained for a similar FI system with a chloride-selective electrode.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '4',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 08:32:27',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '00328',
			'pauthor' => '!Van Staden, J.F.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1039/an9921700051',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Comparison of the influence and contribution of the response times of coated open-tubular solid-state bromide- and chloride-selective electrodes on the analytical throughput (dispersion) in flow injection systems', Analyst, 1992 117(1) 51-56',
			'firstchar' => 'C',
			'twochars' => 'Co',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array([maximum depth reached]),
			'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 14 => array(
			'id' => '007890',
			'authors' => 'Ferreira, I.M.P.L.V.O.;Lima, J.L.F.C.;Montenegro, M.C.B.S.M.;Perez Olmos, R.;Rios, A.',
			'authorsweb' => 'I. M. P. L. V. O. Ferreira, J. L. F. C. Lima, M. C. B. S. M. Montenegro, R. P&eacute;rez Olmos and A. Rios',
			'title' => 'Simultaneous assay of nitrite, nitrate and chloride in meat products by a flow injection method',
			'journal' => 'Analyst',
			'journal_id' => '0864',
			'fadid' => 'ANAL1996V0121P01393',
			'year' => '1996',
			'volume' => '121',
			'issue' => '10',
			'startpage' => '1393',
			'endpage' => '1396',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;1588;1592;',
			'matrices' => ';0715;0723;',
			'techniques' => ';0400;0290;0224;',
			'keywords' => ';0379;0054;0393;',
			'abstract' => 'Sample was homogenized and extracted with hot water and the extract was purified and filtered. A portion (100 &micro;L) of the filtrate was injected into a carrier stream (2.9 ml/min) of 50 mM Na2SO4/0.02 mM NaCl of a flow injection manifold (schematic shown). Chloride (I) was determined potentiometrically a tubular ISE (cf. Ferreira et al., Fresenius' J. Anal. Chem., 1993, 374, 314). The carrier was mixed with a buffer stream (0.5 ml/min) of NH4Cl/sodium tetraborate/Na2EDTA and split into two. One stream passed through a Cd/Cu column to reduce nitrate (II) to nitrite (III). The two streams subsequently passed through a confluence point and were mixed a reagent stream (1 ml/min) of acidified sulfanilamide/N-(1-naphthyl)ethylenediamine dihydrochloride and the absorbance was measured (wavelength not given). As each channel had a different residence time, two peaks were obtained, one for nitrite III and one for total N: II was measured by difference. The calibration graphs were linear from 0.01-0.1 M I, up to 104 ppm II and from 0.03-0.2 ppm III. RSD (n = 10) were 2.5, 0.7 and 1.1%, respectively, for I, II and III.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '12',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 09:30:58',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => null,
			'pauthor' => 'NA',
			'address' => 'NA',
			'email' => 'NA',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1039/an9962101393',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Simultaneous assay of nitrite, nitrate and chloride in meat products by a flow injection method', Analyst, 1996 121(10) 1393-1396',
			'firstchar' => 'S',
			'twochars' => 'Si',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Matrix' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 15 => array(
			'id' => '007971',
			'authors' => 'Alvares Ribeiro, L.M.B.C.;Machado, A.A.S.C.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Luis M. B. C. &Aacute;lvares-Ribeiro and Ad&eacute;lio A. S. C. Machado',
			'title' => 'Optimization of a bipotentiometric flow injection analysis system for simultaneous determination of calcium and chloride ions in natural waters',
			'journal' => 'Analyst',
			'journal_id' => '0864',
			'fadid' => 'ANAL1998V0123P00653',
			'year' => '1998',
			'volume' => '123',
			'issue' => '4',
			'startpage' => '653',
			'endpage' => '659',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0485;0594;',
			'matrices' => ';0372;',
			'techniques' => ';0017;0285;0290;',
			'keywords' => ';0418;0302;0441;0258;0217;',
			'abstract' => 'Experimental optimization using the modified simplex method of a bipotentiometric flow injection analysis (FIA) system, constituted by two different ion selective electrodes (ISE) placed in series, for the simultaneous determination of Ca2+ and Cl- in water is reported. The response function used was a weighted linear combination of three variables, chosen to achieve maximization of the Ca2+ electrode sensitivity, minimization of the interference of the Ca2+ signal on the Cl- response, and maximization of the sampling rate. The optimized system can determine Ca2+ from 5 x 10^-5 to 5 x 10^-3 mol/L with a sensitivity of ~27 mV/decade and Cl- from 2 x 10^-4 to 2 x 10^-2 mol/L (the max. value tested), with a sensitivity of ~55 mV/decade. Repeatability was 1.9 and 0.6%, respectively, at 2 x 10^-4 and 2.2 x 10^-3 mol/L (8 and 90 mg/L), for Ca2+ determinations, and 1.8 and 1.2%, respectively, at 3.4 x 10^-4 and 8.3 x 10^-4 mol/L (12 and 29 mg/L), for Cl- determinations A sampling rate of 40/h was obtained. The affect of ionic strength on the results is discussed. The relative accuracy of the bipotentiometric FIA system was demonstrated by determining the content of both ions in natural water in parallel with ASTM certified methods.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '11',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 09:52:00',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '01134',
			'pauthor' => '!Machado, A.A.S.C.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1039/a708289d',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Optimization of a bipotentiometric flow injection analysis system for simultaneous determination of calcium and chloride ions in natural waters', Analyst, 1998 123(4) 653-659',
			'firstchar' => 'O',
			'twochars' => 'Op',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
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				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 16 => array(
			'id' => '008879',
			'authors' => 'Ilcheva, L.K.;Cammann, K.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Liliana Ilcheva and Karl Cammann',
			'title' => 'Flow injection analysis of chloride in tap and sewage water using ion-selective electrode detection',
			'journal' => 'Fresenius J. Anal. Chem.',
			'journal_id' => '0944',
			'fadid' => 'FJAC1985V0322P00323',
			'year' => '1985',
			'volume' => '322',
			'issue' => '3',
			'startpage' => '323',
			'endpage' => '326',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;',
			'matrices' => ';1069;1057;',
			'techniques' => ';0159;0290;',
			'keywords' => ';0217;',
			'abstract' => 'Tap-water or sewage water was analyzed by flow injection analysis with injection into the carrier stream (1.5 mL min-1) of 0.1 M KNO3, which flowed down a vertically suspended strip of filter-paper connected to a single-crystal AgCl membrane electrode and a double-junction reference electrode. Sixty samples h-1 could be analyzed and no serious interference was observed from S2-, I- or Br-. The limit of detection was 10 &micro;M-Cl- and the coefficient of variation were 5 and 10% at >100 and 10 &micro;M, respectively.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '11',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 00:20:16',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '00901',
			'pauthor' => '!Cammann, K.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1007/BF00490916',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Flow injection analysis of chloride in tap and sewage water using ion-selective electrode detection', Fresenius J. Anal. Chem., 1985 322(3) 323-326',
			'firstchar' => 'F',
			'twochars' => 'Fl',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Matrix' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 17 => array(
			'id' => '008889',
			'authors' => 'Ilcheva, L.K.;Cammann, K.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Liliana Ilcheva and Karl Cammann   ',
			'title' => 'Simple, selective and sensitive liquid chromatographic or flow injection detector for chloro-organic compounds based on ion-selective electrodes',
			'journal' => 'Fresenius J. Anal. Chem.',
			'journal_id' => '0944',
			'fadid' => 'FJAC1986V0325P00011',
			'year' => '1986',
			'volume' => '325',
			'issue' => '1',
			'startpage' => '11',
			'endpage' => '14',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0598;',
			'matrices' => '',
			'techniques' => ';0038;0290;',
			'keywords' => '',
			'abstract' => 'The Cl- liberated by the electrolytic decomposition of chloroacetone (I) and the decomposition of I and 1-chloro-4-nitrobenzene by UV radiation was determined by using the detector of Ilcheva and Cammann (Ibid., 1985, 322, 323). The detection limit was in the nmol range. In the analysis of 50 &micro;L of a 1 mM solution of Cl compound the coefficient of variation was ~5%. The detector, which can also be used to determine Br-, I- and S2- by using an appropriate ion-selective electrode, may be useful in LC.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '3',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 00:20:27',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '00901',
			'pauthor' => '!Cammann, K.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1007/BF00983396',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Simple, selective and sensitive liquid chromatographic or flow injection detector for chloro-organic compounds based on ion-selective electrodes', Fresenius J. Anal. Chem., 1986 325(1) 11-14',
			'firstchar' => 'S',
			'twochars' => 'Si',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]),
			'Keyword' => array([maximum depth reached])
		),
		(int) 18 => array(
			'id' => '008906',
			'authors' => 'Van Staden, J.F.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Jacobus F. van Staden',
			'title' => 'Online quality control in concentrated hydrochloric acid production plants. Flow injection determination of hydrochloric acid content in concentrated hydrochloric acid by automated pre-valve dilution and a coated tubular solid-state chloride-selective ele',
			'journal' => 'Fresenius J. Anal. Chem.',
			'journal_id' => '0944',
			'fadid' => 'FJAC1987V0328P00068',
			'year' => '1987',
			'volume' => '328',
			'issue' => '1-2',
			'startpage' => '68',
			'endpage' => '70',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';1188;',
			'matrices' => ';0644;',
			'techniques' => ';0224;0290;0400;',
			'keywords' => ';0258;',
			'abstract' => 'Diluted samples (30 &micro;L) are mixed with 1 M KNO3 as carrier solution for determination at a flow-through tubular indicator electrode, used in conjunction with an Orion 90-02 double-junction reference electrode with 10% KNO3 as outer chamber filling solution The sampling rate is 60 h-1. The construction, preparation and conditioning of the electrode are similar to a previously described procedure (Anal. Chim. Acta, 1986, 179, 407). The method is applied to samples containing 9 to 38% of HCl. Results for this method agree well with those obtained by using the Na2CO3 and Volhard titration procedures. The coefficient of variation for samples of different HCl content is <0.6% (n = 15).',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '9',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 00:20:49',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '00328',
			'pauthor' => '!Van Staden, J.F.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1007/BF00560951',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Online quality control in concentrated hydrochloric acid production plants. Flow injection determination of hydrochloric acid content in concentrated hydrochloric acid by automated pre-valve dilution and a coated tubular solid-state chloride-selective ele', Fresenius J. Anal. Chem., 1987 328(1-2) 68-70',
			'firstchar' => 'O',
			'twochars' => 'On',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
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				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 19 => array(
			'id' => '008907',
			'authors' => 'Ilcheva, L.;Trojanowicz, M.A.;Krawczynski Vel Krawczyk, T.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Liliana Ilcheva, Marek Trojanowicz and Tadeusz Krawczynski vel Krawczyk',
			'title' => 'Effect of addition of main ion to carrier solution in potentiometric flow injection measurements with solid state ion-selective electrodes',
			'journal' => 'Fresenius J. Anal. Chem.',
			'journal_id' => '0944',
			'fadid' => 'FJAC1987V0328P00027',
			'year' => '1987',
			'volume' => '328',
			'issue' => '1-2',
			'startpage' => '27',
			'endpage' => '32',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0982;0594;1275;0684;',
			'matrices' => '',
			'techniques' => ';0238;0290;0295;0298;0303;0400;',
			'keywords' => ';0401;0464;',
			'abstract' => 'Flow injection measurements were made by using a flow-through cup (described and illustrated) and Cl--, F--, I-- and Cu(II)-selective electrodes. The addition of the main ion to the carrier solution to create a constant background level of main ion produces a significant improvement in response for the F-- and I--selective electrodes. However, a very slow return of the potential value to the baseline is observed for I- measurements; this is attributable to the slow desorption of I- from the electrode surface. The super-Nernstian slope observed for the F-- and Cu(II)-selective electrodes in the absence of F- or Cu(II) in the carrier solution decreased to Nernstian values in the presence of the ions in the carrier solution',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '27',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 00:20:46',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '00320',
			'pauthor' => '!Trojanowicz, M.A.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1007/BF00560942',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Effect of addition of main ion to carrier solution in potentiometric flow injection measurements with solid state ion-selective electrodes', Fresenius J. Anal. Chem., 1987 328(1-2) 27-32',
			'firstchar' => 'E',
			'twochars' => 'Ef',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
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			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 20 => array(
			'id' => '008965',
			'authors' => 'Frenzel, W.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Wolfgang Frenzel',
			'title' => 'Application of flow injection potentiometry to the determination of chloride in various matrices',
			'journal' => 'Fresenius J. Anal. Chem.',
			'journal_id' => '0944',
			'fadid' => 'FJAC1989V0335P00931',
			'year' => '1989',
			'volume' => '335',
			'issue' => '8',
			'startpage' => '931',
			'endpage' => '937',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;',
			'matrices' => ';1069;0390;0511;0667;',
			'techniques' => ';0216;0290;0400;',
			'keywords' => ';0401;0109;0302;',
			'abstract' => 'Chloride-selective electrodes were prepared from silver tubes (1 cm x 0.3 to 1.0 mm i.d.); the inner wall was coated with AgCl. Behaviour under steady-state and flow injection conditions was studied and the influence of system parameters on sensitivity, detection limit, response time and sample throughput was discussed. Sample throughput was 60 to 200 h-1. The calibration graph was rectilinear from 0.1 to 10,000 mg L-1 of Cl-, with a detection limit of 0.01 mg L-1 and a coefficient of variation of 1%. The method was applied in the analysis of tap and mineral water, emission control of HCl and the determination of Cl- in silicon nitride.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '15',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 00:22:09',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '00154',
			'pauthor' => '!Frenzel, W.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1007/BF00466385',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Application of flow injection potentiometry to the determination of chloride in various matrices', Fresenius J. Anal. Chem., 1989 335(8) 931-937',
			'firstchar' => 'A',
			'twochars' => 'Ap',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
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				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 21 => array(
			'id' => '008979',
			'authors' => 'Van Staden, J.F.;Van Rensburg, A.',
			'authorsweb' => 'J. F. van Staden and A. van Rensburg',
			'title' => 'Three component flow injection analysis with online dialysis. Simultaneous determination of free calcium, total calcium and total chloride in milk by flow injection analysis and online dialysis',
			'journal' => 'Fresenius J. Anal. Chem.',
			'journal_id' => '0944',
			'fadid' => 'FJAC1990V0337P00393',
			'year' => '1990',
			'volume' => '337',
			'issue' => '4',
			'startpage' => '393',
			'endpage' => '397',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0485;',
			'matrices' => ';0007;',
			'techniques' => ';0452;0290;',
			'keywords' => ';0111;0420;0217;',
			'abstract' => 'Milk (30 &micro;L) samples (at 1 sample per min) are directed to three different channels by the use of two dialysers in series. For the determination of free Ca, interference is eliminated by using the first dialyser (which also separates total and free Ca) and determination is by spectrophotometry at 580 nm. For the determination of total Ca by AAS at 422.7 nm, interference from phosphate is overcome by the use of N2O - acetylene flame with the necessary suppression with K ions. The second dialyser in series is used to eliminate interferences (e.g., from casein) before dialysed Cl is measured with a coated tubular chloride-selective electrode. The coefficient of variation for 110 to 170 mg L-1 of free Ca, 1000 to 1500 mg L-1 of total Ca and 1000 to 1800 mg L-1 of total Cl were >0.4, 1.0 and 0.3, respectively. This method compared with existing manual methods is faster, more accurate and reliable, and uses a single series of Ca standards for both total and free Ca determination.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '13',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 00:38:25',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '00328',
			'pauthor' => '!Van Staden, J.F.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1007/BF00322218',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Three component flow injection analysis with online dialysis. Simultaneous determination of free calcium, total calcium and total chloride in milk by flow injection analysis and online dialysis', Fresenius J. Anal. Chem., 1990 337(4) 393-397',
			'firstchar' => 'T',
			'twochars' => 'Th',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
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				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 22 => array(
			'id' => '009086',
			'authors' => 'Altunbulduk, T.;Meier zu Koecker, H.;Frenzel, W.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Tahir Altunbulduk, Heinz Meier zu K&ouml;cker and Wolfgang Frenzel',
			'title' => 'Studies on the elimination of sulfide interference in the potentiometric determination of chloride using ion selective electrodes in a flow injection system',
			'journal' => 'Fresenius J. Anal. Chem.',
			'journal_id' => '0944',
			'fadid' => 'FJAC1995V0351P00593',
			'year' => '1995',
			'volume' => '351',
			'issue' => '7',
			'startpage' => '593',
			'endpage' => '598',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;',
			'matrices' => '',
			'techniques' => ';0290;0400;',
			'keywords' => ';0217;',
			'abstract' => 'Detailed investigations have been reported on the application of a common procedure using bromate in nitric acid for the removal of the interference of sulfide in the direct potentiometric determination of chloride using silver-based ion selective electrodes in a flow injection system. It is shown that this procedure is not very efficient and carries a high risk of chloride underestimation. With increasing levels of sulfide the oxidation of chloride to elemental chlorine becomes progressively significant and under certain circumstances virtually no chloride is left irrespective of its initial concentration. Hydrogen peroxide in alkaline medium is proposed as a suitable alternative for the efficient removal of sulfide without any adverse effects on the potentiometric method.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '10',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 09:19:41',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '00154',
			'pauthor' => '!Frenzel, W.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1007/BF00323331',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Studies on the elimination of sulfide interference in the potentiometric determination of chloride using ion selective electrodes in a flow injection system', Fresenius J. Anal. Chem., 1995 351(7) 593-598',
			'firstchar' => 'S',
			'twochars' => 'St',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
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			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 23 => array(
			'id' => '009565',
			'authors' => 'Van Staden, J.F.',
			'authorsweb' => 'NA',
			'title' => 'Flow injection analysis of chloride in milk with a dialyzer and a coated tubular inorganic chloride-selective electrode',
			'journal' => 'Anal. Lett.',
			'journal_id' => '0820',
			'fadid' => 'ANLE1986V0019P01407',
			'year' => '1986',
			'volume' => '19',
			'issue' => '13&14',
			'startpage' => '1407',
			'endpage' => '1419',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;',
			'matrices' => ';0007;',
			'techniques' => ';0224;0290;',
			'keywords' => ';0111;0217;0258;0302;',
			'abstract' => 'A flow injection analysis system is described (manifold and flow diagram given), whereby samples (30 &micro;L) are introduced into a carrier stream (3.9 mL min-1) of 1 M KNO3 and pumped through a dialyser (16 cm x 3 cm x 2.5 cm) to remove interfering compounds. The dialysed Cl- in the recipient stream (as for carrier stream) is measured with a coated tubular flow-through Cl--selective electrode. The optimization and performance of the system are discussed and the results for the analysis of 10 milk samples are compared with those obtained by the Volhard titration method. For 30 &micro;L samples containing 0.25 to 5.0 g L-1 of Cl-, the coefficient of variation are <0.5% (n = 15).',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '2007-03-29 17:05:38',
			'hits' => '8',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 00:06:14',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '00328',
			'pauthor' => '!Van Staden, J.F.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1080/00032718608069115',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Flow injection analysis of chloride in milk with a dialyzer and a coated tubular inorganic chloride-selective electrode', Anal. Lett., 1986 19(13&14) 1407-1419',
			'firstchar' => 'F',
			'twochars' => 'Fl',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
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				[maximum depth reached]
			),
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				[maximum depth reached]
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			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 24 => array(
			'id' => '009931',
			'authors' => 'Alpizar, J.;Crespi, A.;Cladera, A.;Forteza, R.;Cerda, V.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Jes&uacute;s Alp&iacute;zar, Antonio Cresp&iacute;, Andreu Cladera, Rafael Forteza, V&iacute;ctor Cerd&agrave;',
			'title' => 'Simultaneous determination of chloride and fluoride ions in waters by sequential injection analysis',
			'journal' => 'Electroanalysis',
			'journal_id' => '1003',
			'fadid' => 'ELAN1996V0008P01051',
			'year' => '1996',
			'volume' => '8',
			'issue' => '11',
			'startpage' => '1051',
			'endpage' => '1054',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;0982;',
			'matrices' => ';1069;',
			'techniques' => ';0400;0218;0290;0298;',
			'keywords' => ';0404;0258;0446;',
			'abstract' => 'A sequential injection analysis (SIA) system was developed, based on chloride (I)-selective and fluoride (II)-selective electrodes placed in series, in conjunction with a Ag/AgCl reference electrode (diagram given). Water samples (0.2 ml) were subjected to SIA, sandwiched between 0.4 mL and 3.8 mL cyclohexane-1,2-diamine-NNN'N'-tetra-acetic acid as total ionic strength adjustment buffer, at a flow-rate of 4 ml/min and with potentiometric detection. Calibration graphs were linear from 20-500 &micro;g/ml I and 0.5-200 &micro;g/ml II. The RSD (n = 20) were 1% for 50 &micro;g/ml I and 3.7% for 1 &micro;g/ml II. Stopped-flow detection did not improve the results. The method was applied to potable water samples. The I results generally agreed with those obtained using a batch method and the Mohr method. Recoveries of II from spiked tap water were 92-109%.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '26',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 14:11:23',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '00077',
			'pauthor' => '!Cerda, V.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1002/elan.1140081113',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Simultaneous determination of chloride and fluoride ions in waters by sequential injection analysis', Electroanalysis, 1996 8(11) 1051-1054',
			'firstchar' => 'S',
			'twochars' => 'Si',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
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				[maximum depth reached]
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			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 25 => array(
			'id' => '009973',
			'authors' => 'Alexander, P.W.;Dimitrakopoulos, T.;Hibbert, D.B.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Peter W. Alexander*, Telis Dimitrakopoulos, D. Brynn Hibbert',
			'title' => 'A six sensor array of coated-wire electrodes for use in a portable flow injection analyzer',
			'journal' => 'Electroanalysis',
			'journal_id' => '1003',
			'fadid' => 'ELAN1998V0010P00707',
			'year' => '1998',
			'volume' => '10',
			'issue' => '10',
			'startpage' => '707',
			'endpage' => '712',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;0205;0485;1780;1588;1936;',
			'matrices' => ';1079;',
			'techniques' => ';0060;0290;0127;0400;',
			'keywords' => ';0258;',
			'abstract' => 'An array of 5 photo-cured epoxydiacrylate membrane electrodes incorporating ionophores and a Ag/AgCl wire electrode used as a chloride sensor were all used simultaneously in a previously reported multielectrode flow cell and in a portable flow injection analyzer described by P. Alexander et al. (1996). Photo-cured coated-wire electrodes for NH4+, Ca2+, H+ (pH), NO3-, and K+ and Ag/AgCl wire-based chloride electrode were developed for remote-site monitoring. The photo-cured membranes prepared exhibited strong adhesion to the metal substrate and showed improved mech. strength compared to PVC-based membranes. Each sensor in the present electrode-array exhibited near-Nernstian response over a log-linear range from 0.1-10 mM with detection limits of 0.01 mM in the flow injection potentiometric mode. The flow injection cell was capable of determining the respectively. ions in various water samples and the results were in good agreement with comparative anal. methods.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '30',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 14:12:37',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '00008',
			'pauthor' => '!Alexander, P.W.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1002/(SICI)1521-4109(199808)10:10<707::AID-ELAN707>3.3.CO;2-M',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''A six sensor array of coated-wire electrodes for use in a portable flow injection analyzer', Electroanalysis, 1998 10(10) 707-712',
			'firstchar' => 'A',
			'twochars' => 'A ',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
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			),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 26 => array(
			'id' => '011780',
			'authors' => 'Trojanowicz, M.A.;Hulanicki, A.;Matuszewski, W.;Fuksiewicz, A.;Hulanicka Michalak, T.;Raszewski, S.;Szyller, J.;Augustyniak, W.',
			'authorsweb' => 'NA',
			'title' => 'Microprocessor-controlled flow injection system with potentiometric detection',
			'journal' => 'Chem. Anal.',
			'journal_id' => '0977',
			'fadid' => 'CHAN1987V0032P00709',
			'year' => '1987',
			'volume' => '32',
			'issue' => '5',
			'startpage' => '709',
			'endpage' => '721',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;1936;',
			'matrices' => ';0562;0372;',
			'techniques' => ';0290;0322;0400;',
			'keywords' => ';0044;0090;',
			'abstract' => 'A system is described for automated flow injection analysis with potentiometric ion-selective electrode detection. The system was tested for determination of Cl- in natural waters and of K in rock salt.',
			'language' => 'Polish',
			'updated' => '2014-10-23 20:46:01',
			'sjccheck' => 'No',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '0',
			'urlcheck' => '2006-05-20 18:55:53',
			'urlcheckcode' => '',
			'pauthor_id' => '00320',
			'pauthor' => '!Trojanowicz, M.A.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => 'NA SJC 102314',
			'url' => 'NA',
			'urltype' => 'NA',
			'gotpdf' => 'no',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Microprocessor-controlled flow injection system with potentiometric detection', Chem. Anal., 1987 32(5) 709-721',
			'firstchar' => 'M',
			'twochars' => 'Mi',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
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			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 27 => array(
			'id' => '012297',
			'authors' => 'Lapa, R.A.S.;Lima, J.L.F.C.;Barrado, E.;Vela, H.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Lapa, Rui A. S.; Lima, Jose L. F. C.; Barrado, Enrique; Vela, Henar',
			'title' => 'Potentiometric determination of chloride in parenteral and haemodialysis solutions by FIA',
			'journal' => 'Il Farmaco',
			'journal_id' => '1171',
			'fadid' => 'FARM1997V0052P00127',
			'year' => '1997',
			'volume' => '52',
			'issue' => '2',
			'startpage' => '127',
			'endpage' => '130',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;',
			'matrices' => ';0142;0149;',
			'techniques' => ';0400;0290;',
			'keywords' => ';0111;0258;',
			'abstract' => 'To determine chloride in parenteral solutions, sample (200 &micro;L) was injected into a stream (4 ml/min) of 0.1 M KNO3/0.1 mM NaCl for 50-fold dilution prior to merging with a similar carrier stream. The flow passed through a mixing coil (50 cm) prior to potentiometric detection using a tubular chloride ISE based on a homogenous crystalline membrane. To determine chloride in haemodialysis solution a similar manifold was used, but with passage through a dialysis unit which enabled 200-fold dilutions to be performed to adjust the sample to within the linear range of the ISE, (0.1 mM to 0.2M). The dialysis solution was 0.1 M KNO3/0.1 mM NaCl. Recoveries were >=97% and RSD were 1.8-5.3%. Results agreed with those obtained using conventional methodology.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'No',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '0',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-24 19:38:33',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 200 OK',
			'pauthor_id' => null,
			'pauthor' => 'NA',
			'address' => 'NA',
			'email' => 'NA',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => 'eurekamag.com/research/003/237/003237392.php',
			'urltype' => 'absurl',
			'gotpdf' => 'no',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Potentiometric determination of chloride in parenteral and haemodialysis solutions by FIA', Il Farmaco, 1997 52(2) 127-130',
			'firstchar' => 'P',
			'twochars' => 'Po',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
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				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Matrix' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 28 => array(
			'id' => '012533',
			'authors' => 'Zhang, Q.;Yu, Z.;Gao, Z.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Zhang Qing, Yu Zhenan and Gao Zhan',
			'title' => 'Ion-selective electrode - flow injection analysis for chlorine in water',
			'journal' => 'Fenxi Shiyanshi',
			'journal_id' => '0881',
			'fadid' => 'FXSS1986V0005P00014',
			'year' => '1986',
			'volume' => '5',
			'issue' => '6',
			'startpage' => '14',
			'endpage' => '16',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0597;',
			'matrices' => ';0372;',
			'techniques' => ';0290;',
			'keywords' => '',
			'abstract' => 'By using the described method 100 samples can be analyzed in 1 h; 1 &micro;L of sample is required. The working range is 3 to 100 ppm of Cl, and the detection limit is 0.1 ppm. The coefficient of variation was 1.3%. The results showed good agreement with those obtained by a chemical method.',
			'language' => 'Chinese',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '2013-10-19 04:00:00',
			'hits' => '0',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-13 17:51:10',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 200 OK',
			'pauthor_id' => null,
			'pauthor' => 'NA',
			'address' => '1) and 2) Department of Chemistry, North-East Institute of Technology and 3) Institute of Forestry and Soil Sciences, Acadimia Sinica',
			'email' => 'NA',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => 'en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTotal-FXSY198606005.htm',
			'urltype' => 'absurl',
			'gotpdf' => 'no',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Ion-selective electrode - flow injection analysis for chlorine in water', Fenxi Shiyanshi, 1986 5(6) 14-16',
			'firstchar' => 'I',
			'twochars' => 'Io',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
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				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Keyword' => array([maximum depth reached])
		),
		(int) 29 => array(
			'id' => '012793',
			'authors' => 'Gao, Z.;Lu, M.Y.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Gao Zhan; Lu Mingyuan',
			'title' => 'Flow injection analysis by ion-selective electrodes, a detachable solid membrane chloride ion-selective electrode used in the determination of chloride in soil water extracts',
			'journal' => 'Huanjing Kexue',
			'journal_id' => '0888',
			'fadid' => 'HJKX1981V0002P00376',
			'year' => '1981',
			'volume' => '2',
			'issue' => '5',
			'startpage' => '376',
			'endpage' => '380',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;',
			'matrices' => ';0363;1079;',
			'techniques' => ';0290;',
			'keywords' => ';0258;',
			'abstract' => 'The flow injection mol. determine the Cl- contents at 10^-3 - 10^-1 M in leachates with volume >10 mL with relative standard deviations 1-2%. The response potentials 50-150 mV are linearly related to Cl- concentrations <10-3 - 1 x 10^-1 M. For leachate samples containing Cl-, the method yields Cl- contents 0.12 and 0.98% compared to 0.14 and 0.92% determined by a volumetric method.',
			'language' => 'Chinese',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '2013-12-17 05:00:00',
			'hits' => '0',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-13 09:57:16',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 200 OK',
			'pauthor_id' => null,
			'pauthor' => 'NA',
			'address' => 'Inst. For. Soil, Acad. Sin, Peop. Rep. China',
			'email' => 'NA',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => 'www.hjkx.ac.cn/hjkx/ch/reader/create_pdf.aspx?file_no=19810514&flag=1&journal_id=hjkx&year_id=1981',
			'urltype' => 'pdfurl',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Flow injection analysis by ion-selective electrodes, a detachable solid membrane chloride ion-selective electrode used in the determination of chloride in soil water extracts', Huanjing Kexue, 1981 2(5) 376-380',
			'firstchar' => 'F',
			'twochars' => 'Fl',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Matrix' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 30 => array(
			'id' => '012954',
			'authors' => 'Ilcheva, L.;Yanakiev, R.',
			'authorsweb' => 'NA',
			'title' => 'Influence of some parameters on membrane selectivity in flow injection potentiometry',
			'journal' => 'Izv. Khim.',
			'journal_id' => '0531',
			'fadid' => 'IZPK1990V0023P00167',
			'year' => '1990',
			'volume' => '23',
			'issue' => '2',
			'startpage' => '167',
			'endpage' => '171',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;',
			'matrices' => ';0397;',
			'techniques' => ';0290;0400;',
			'keywords' => ';0399;0253;0217;0440;',
			'abstract' => 'Selectivity coefficient >1 of commercial Cl--, Br-- and NO3--selective electrodes towards various interfering species in conventional potentiometry can be considerably improved if the electrodes are used as sensors in flow injection analysis. The selectivity can be further improved by increasing the carrier-stream flow rate, decreasing the injection volume, and use of the method of standard additions. The interference from 0.6 mM Br- was thereby overcome when determining ~0.1 to 0.2 M Cl- in seawater by the flow injection technique with a Cl--selective electrode.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:11:09',
			'sjccheck' => 'No',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '0',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-27 09:10:02',
			'urlcheckcode' => '',
			'pauthor_id' => null,
			'pauthor' => 'NA',
			'address' => 'NA',
			'email' => 'NA',
			'notes' => 'NA SJC 102714',
			'url' => 'NA',
			'urltype' => 'NA',
			'gotpdf' => 'no',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Influence of some parameters on membrane selectivity in flow injection potentiometry', Izv. Khim., 1990 23(2) 167-171',
			'firstchar' => 'I',
			'twochars' => 'In',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Matrix' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 31 => array(
			'id' => '013010',
			'authors' => 'Ylasov, Y.G.;Ermolenko, Y.E.;Popov, I.A.;El'Marug, S.Y.;Khoroshev, V.G.;Kolodnikov, V.V.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Yu. G. Vlasov, Yu. E. Ermolenko, I. A. Popov, S. Yu. El'- Marug, V. G. Khoroshev, and V. V. Kolodnikov',
			'title' => 'Flow injection analysis of natural waters with a chloride-selective electrode',
			'journal' => 'J. Anal. Chem.',
			'journal_id' => '0798',
			'fadid' => 'JACU1997V0052P00081',
			'year' => '1997',
			'volume' => '52',
			'issue' => '1',
			'startpage' => '81',
			'endpage' => '84',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;',
			'matrices' => ';0372;',
			'techniques' => ';0290;',
			'keywords' => ';0043;',
			'abstract' => 'A chloride ISE with polycrystalline membranes based on AgCl and Ag2S (USSR Inventor's Certificate No. 630576, Byull. Izobret., 1977, number 40) was used in conjunction with a AgCl2 EVL-IM3 reference electrode for the FIA of water samples (0.5-2 ml). The carrier was 0.01 M KNO3 and the volume of the electrode cell was 0.5 mL. At the optimal flow rate (25 ml/min) the detection limit was 20 &micro;M-chloride. The method was applicable to the determination of 1-350 mg/l chloride. RSD were 3-8%.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:11:09',
			'sjccheck' => 'No',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '14',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-23 18:46:04',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Object moved',
			'pauthor_id' => null,
			'pauthor' => 'NA',
			'address' => 'St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab. 7/9, St. Petersburg, 199034 Russia',
			'email' => 'NA',
			'notes' => 'Not available on springer',
			'url' => 'elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=13258010',
			'urltype' => 'absurl',
			'gotpdf' => 'no',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Flow injection analysis of natural waters with a chloride-selective electrode', J. Anal. Chem., 1997 52(1) 81-84',
			'firstchar' => 'F',
			'twochars' => 'Fl',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Matrix' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 32 => array(
			'id' => '013023',
			'authors' => 'Gur'ev, I.A.;Kuleshova, N.V.',
			'authorsweb' => 'I. A. Gur'ev and N. V. Kuleshova',
			'title' => 'Sorption preconcentration and flow injection determination of cadmium',
			'journal' => 'J. Anal. Chem.',
			'journal_id' => '0798',
			'fadid' => 'JACU1998V0053P00796',
			'year' => '1998',
			'volume' => '53',
			'issue' => '9',
			'startpage' => '796',
			'endpage' => '799',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0478;',
			'matrices' => '',
			'techniques' => ';0290;0303;0400;',
			'keywords' => ';0212;0089;0398;',
			'abstract' => 'A procedure for the flow injection determination of Cd traces in aqueous solutions was developed. The procedure is based on the use of ion-selective electrodes sensitive to chloride or iodide complexes of Cd. Sorption pre-concentration simultaneously transforms Cd to anal. active species, it decreases the limit of detection, and improves the selectivity of determination.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:11:09',
			'sjccheck' => 'No',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '15',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-23 18:49:51',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Object moved',
			'pauthor_id' => null,
			'pauthor' => 'NA',
			'address' => 'Chemistry Department, Nizhni-Novgorod State University, prosp. Gagarina 23, 603600, Nizhni Novgorod, Russia',
			'email' => 'NA',
			'notes' => 'Not available on springer',
			'url' => 'elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=13280948',
			'urltype' => 'absurl',
			'gotpdf' => 'no',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Sorption preconcentration and flow injection determination of cadmium', J. Anal. Chem., 1998 53(9) 796-799',
			'firstchar' => 'S',
			'twochars' => 'So',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 33 => array(
			'id' => '013445',
			'authors' => 'Sakai, A.;Asano, Y.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Aki Sakai and Yasukazu Asano',
			'title' => 'Flow injection analysis of chloride by use of a flow-through type chloride ion-selective electrode and correlation with JIS method',
			'journal' => 'J. Flow Injection Anal.',
			'journal_id' => '0776',
			'fadid' => 'JFIA1989V0006P00144',
			'year' => '1989',
			'volume' => '6',
			'issue' => '2',
			'startpage' => '144',
			'endpage' => '150',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;',
			'matrices' => ';1069;',
			'techniques' => ';0290;',
			'keywords' => ';0217;0258;0441;',
			'abstract' => 'Sample (75 &micro;L) is injected into a carrier stream (0.9 mL min-1) of water and mixed with the reagent stream (0.9 mL min-1) containing 0.2 M Na acetate, 0.05 M KNO3 and 10 &micro;M-KCl with detection at a flow-through type Cl ion-selective electrode. The calibration graph was rectilinear from 1 to 10 mg L-1 of Cl-; detection limit was 0.1 mg l-1. The coefficient of variation were 0.85% and 0.13% for 1 and 10 mg L-1 of Cl-, respectively. Tolerance levels of Br-, I- and SO42- were 0.3, 0.8 and 0.1 mg l-1, respectively. Sampling rate was 30 samples h-1. Results obtained correlated well with those of the JIS method. The method was applied in the analysis of tap water.',
			'language' => 'Japanese',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'No',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '0',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-13 13:25:54',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 200 OK',
			'pauthor_id' => '00840',
			'pauthor' => '!Asano, Y.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => 'aitech.ac.jp/~jafia/english/jfia/contents/6_2/JFIA1989V0006P00144.pdf',
			'urltype' => 'pdfurl',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Flow injection analysis of chloride by use of a flow-through type chloride ion-selective electrode and correlation with JIS method', J. Flow Injection Anal., 1989 6(2) 144-150',
			'firstchar' => 'F',
			'twochars' => 'Fl',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
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				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 34 => array(
			'id' => '013654',
			'authors' => 'Furuya, H.;Nakayama, K.',
			'authorsweb' => 'NA',
			'title' => 'Flow injection analysis of chloride ion in water using ion-selective electrode',
			'journal' => 'J. Jpn. Water Works Assoc.',
			'journal_id' => '1278',
			'fadid' => 'JJWW1983V0052P00051',
			'year' => '1983',
			'volume' => '52',
			'issue' => '4',
			'startpage' => '51',
			'endpage' => '54',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;',
			'matrices' => ';1079;',
			'techniques' => ';0290;',
			'keywords' => ';0460;0351;',
			'abstract' => 'NA',
			'language' => 'Japanese',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '2006-08-24 17:34:13',
			'hits' => '0',
			'urlcheck' => '2006-05-20 19:17:48',
			'urlcheckcode' => '',
			'pauthor_id' => null,
			'pauthor' => 'NA',
			'address' => 'NA',
			'email' => 'NA',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => 'NA',
			'urltype' => 'NA',
			'gotpdf' => 'no',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Flow injection analysis of chloride ion in water using ion-selective electrode', J. Jpn. Water Works Assoc., 1983 52(4) 51-54',
			'firstchar' => 'F',
			'twochars' => 'Fl',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Matrix' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 35 => array(
			'id' => '014437',
			'authors' => 'Weker, W.;Trojanowicz, M.A.',
			'authorsweb' => 'W?adys?aw Weker and Marek Trojanowicz',
			'title' => 'Application of flow injection analysis for the determination of chloride extracted from corroded iron artifacts',
			'journal' => 'Stud. Conserv.',
			'journal_id' => '1418',
			'fadid' => 'SCON1987V0032P00086',
			'year' => '1987',
			'volume' => '32',
			'issue' => '2',
			'startpage' => '86',
			'endpage' => '90',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;',
			'matrices' => ';0621;',
			'techniques' => ';0400;0290;',
			'keywords' => ';0302;',
			'abstract' => 'Mediaeval iron rivets were immersed in a bath of 0.05 M NaOH - 0.5 M Na2SO4 at 64&deg;C. The extracted Cl- was determined in a system (illustrated) in which the flow-through component was arranged in a two-line configuration and contained the indicating Cl--sensitive electrode and a constant-potential reference electrode. A calibration graph, prepared by using standard solution containing 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200 or 500 ppm of Cl- and different amounts of NaOH and Na2SO4, was rectilinear for >30 ppm of Cl-, but determinations of 5 to 30 ppm of Cl- by using the curved part of the graph could also be achieved. Fifty samples could be analyzed in 1 h under optimum conditions.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'No',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '35',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 00:29:19',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '00320',
			'pauthor' => '!Trojanowicz, M.A.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.2307/1506296',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Application of flow injection analysis for the determination of chloride extracted from corroded iron artifacts', Stud. Conserv., 1987 32(2) 86-90',
			'firstchar' => 'A',
			'twochars' => 'Ap',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Matrix' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 36 => array(
			'id' => '014733',
			'authors' => 'Gur'ev, I.A.;Zyuzina, L.F.;Rusyaeva, Y.I.',
			'authorsweb' => 'NA',
			'title' => 'Ionometric determination of zinc in alloys',
			'journal' => 'Zavod. Lab.',
			'journal_id' => '0770',
			'fadid' => 'ZSLB1996V0062P00016',
			'year' => '1996',
			'volume' => '62',
			'issue' => '8',
			'startpage' => '16',
			'endpage' => '17',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';2529;',
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	'abstract' => 'A comparative study has been made of the response times of coated open-tubular Ag membrane electrodes selective towards Cl-, Br- or I- (cf. Ibid., 1986, 179, 407) as they affect the throughput of flow injection analysis systems. The tubular indicator electrodes were used in conjunction with an Orion 90-02 double-junction reference electrode with 10% KNO3 solution in its outer chamber. The digitized signals were smoothed by applying the DS (data sets) Cat and Smooth operations of the ASYST software; typical background-corrected graphs for the flow injection measurement of halides (10 to 5000 mg l-1) are reproduced. Examination of the leading edges of the various peaks showed that their rate of response was independent of concentration. and did not significantly decrease the sampling rate, although the response of the Br- electrode at the initial peak-formation stages near the baseline was slightly slower than that of the others. The rate of response of the trailing edges was mainly responsible for the sampling rate in an optimized flow injection system, and the I- electrode showed a memory effect, which was largely responsible for the low sampling rate of this system compared with similar systems with the other two electrodes. The contribution of the memory effect or response time phenomena of coated open-tubular solid state chloride-, bromide-, and iodide-selective electrodes on the anal. output in flow injection systems are presented for concentration. ranges between 10 and 5000 mg L-1. The rate of response for the leading edges of all three electrodes due to electrode properties are independent of concentration. and do not contribute significantly to any decrease in sampling rate, although the rate of response of the bromide-selective electrode flow injection analysis (FIA) system seems to be slightly slower than the other two electrode systems at the initial peak-formation stages near the base line. The rate of response for the tailing edges of the different electrodes due to electrode properties is mainly responsible for the sampling rate obtained in an optimized FIA-ISE system. The memory effect of the iodide-selective electrode is mainly responsible for the fact that the sampling rate of this system is very much lower than the sampling rate obtained for similar systems with the other two electrodes. For the bromide-selective electrode system, the slower rate of response due to electrode properties at the tailing edges (especially with high concentrations of bromide) than that of the chloride-selective electrode, contributes mainly to a lower sampling output for the bromide-selective electrode-FIA system when compared with the chloride electrode system.',
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"Trioctyltin Chloride As Carrier For A Chloride-selective Electrode In Flow Injection Potentiometry"
Anal. Chim. Acta 1993 Volume 278, Issue 2 Pages 227-232

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		'title' => 'Trioctyltin chloride as carrier for a chloride-selective electrode in flow injection potentiometry',
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		'abstract' => 'Trioctyltin chloride was dissolved in THF with bis-(1-butylpentyl)adipate and PVC, then an ISE was constructed with the membrane solution and a Ag wire. The ISE was incorporated into a flow injection cell [cf. Analyst (London), 1988, 113, 1551] and FIA was carried out to determine chloride concentration. in standard solution The inherent instability of the trioctyltin chloride was eliminated in the flow injection mode. Calibration graphs were rectilinear from 1-100 mM chloride and the detection limit was 0.1 mM; no RSD is given.',
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				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Matrix' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 2 => array(
			'id' => '004879',
			'authors' => 'Van Staden, J.F.',
			'authorsweb' => 'J. F. Van Staden',
			'title' => 'Coated tubular solid-state chloride-selective electrode in flow injection analysis',
			'journal' => 'Anal. Chim. Acta',
			'journal_id' => '0584',
			'fadid' => 'ANCA1986V0179P00407',
			'year' => '1986',
			'volume' => '179',
			'issue' => '1',
			'startpage' => '407',
			'endpage' => '417',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;',
			'matrices' => ';0372;',
			'techniques' => ';0224;0290;',
			'keywords' => ';0043;0258;',
			'abstract' => 'The construction of the electrode is described and illustrated. Response times are 3 to 4 s and the range is 5 to 5000 mg L-1 for 30 &micro;L samples. Mean recoveries of 67 and 114 mg L-1 are 97.8 and 98.9%, respectively, with coefficient of variation in the analysis of 16 water samples being <1.7% (n = 15). The results agree well with those obtained spectrophotometrically.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '6',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 15:49:34',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '00328',
			'pauthor' => '!Van Staden, J.F.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1016/S0003-2670(00)84485-2',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Coated tubular solid-state chloride-selective electrode in flow injection analysis', Anal. Chim. Acta, 1986 179(1) 407-417',
			'firstchar' => 'C',
			'twochars' => 'Co',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Matrix' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 3 => array(
			'id' => '005071',
			'authors' => 'Trojanowicz, M.A.;Krawczynski Vel Krawczyk, T.;Augustyniak, W.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Marek Trojanowicz and Tadeusz Krawczyski vel Krawczyk, Wodzimierz Augustyniak',
			'title' => 'Simple antilog converter for conventional and flow injection measurements with ion-selective electrodes',
			'journal' => 'Anal. Chim. Acta',
			'journal_id' => '0584',
			'fadid' => 'ANCA1988V0207P00325',
			'year' => '1988',
			'volume' => '207',
			'issue' => '1-2',
			'startpage' => '325',
			'endpage' => '330',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;0686;0982;1936;',
			'matrices' => '',
			'techniques' => ';0290;0295;0298;0322;0400;',
			'keywords' => ';0043;0090;0144;',
			'abstract' => 'A simple antilog. converter based on an antilog. amplifier is described. In potentiometric measurements it produced an output voltage which depended rectilinearly on the concentration. of the sensed species over two orders of magnitude. Signals obtained in measurements with Cl-, F-, K+ and Cu(II) ion-selective electrodes ranged from 1.0 to 10.0 V. The converter was used for flow injection potentiometry within one concentration. decade, but its sensitivity depended on the dispersion in the flow system.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '15',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 15:53:56',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '00320',
			'pauthor' => '!Trojanowicz, M.A.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1016/S0003-2670(00)80809-0',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Simple antilog converter for conventional and flow injection measurements with ion-selective electrodes', Anal. Chim. Acta, 1988 207(1-2) 325-330',
			'firstchar' => 'S',
			'twochars' => 'Si',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 4 => array(
			'id' => '005694',
			'authors' => 'Van Staden, J.F.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Jacobus F. van Staden',
			'title' => 'Response time phenomena of coated open-tubular solid-state silver halide-selective electrodes and their influence on sample dispersion in flow injection analysis',
			'journal' => 'Anal. Chim. Acta',
			'journal_id' => '0584',
			'fadid' => 'ANCA1992V0261P00381',
			'year' => '1992',
			'volume' => '261',
			'issue' => '1-2',
			'startpage' => '381',
			'endpage' => '390',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0451;0594;1275;',
			'matrices' => '',
			'techniques' => ';0283;0290;0303;',
			'keywords' => ';0302;0410;0119;',
			'abstract' => 'A comparative study has been made of the response times of coated open-tubular Ag membrane electrodes selective towards Cl-, Br- or I- (cf. Ibid., 1986, 179, 407) as they affect the throughput of flow injection analysis systems. The tubular indicator electrodes were used in conjunction with an Orion 90-02 double-junction reference electrode with 10% KNO3 solution in its outer chamber. The digitized signals were smoothed by applying the DS (data sets) Cat and Smooth operations of the ASYST software; typical background-corrected graphs for the flow injection measurement of halides (10 to 5000 mg l-1) are reproduced. Examination of the leading edges of the various peaks showed that their rate of response was independent of concentration. and did not significantly decrease the sampling rate, although the response of the Br- electrode at the initial peak-formation stages near the baseline was slightly slower than that of the others. The rate of response of the trailing edges was mainly responsible for the sampling rate in an optimized flow injection system, and the I- electrode showed a memory effect, which was largely responsible for the low sampling rate of this system compared with similar systems with the other two electrodes. The contribution of the memory effect or response time phenomena of coated open-tubular solid state chloride-, bromide-, and iodide-selective electrodes on the anal. output in flow injection systems are presented for concentration. ranges between 10 and 5000 mg L-1. The rate of response for the leading edges of all three electrodes due to electrode properties are independent of concentration. and do not contribute significantly to any decrease in sampling rate, although the rate of response of the bromide-selective electrode flow injection analysis (FIA) system seems to be slightly slower than the other two electrode systems at the initial peak-formation stages near the base line. The rate of response for the tailing edges of the different electrodes due to electrode properties is mainly responsible for the sampling rate obtained in an optimized FIA-ISE system. The memory effect of the iodide-selective electrode is mainly responsible for the fact that the sampling rate of this system is very much lower than the sampling rate obtained for similar systems with the other two electrodes. For the bromide-selective electrode system, the slower rate of response due to electrode properties at the tailing edges (especially with high concentrations of bromide) than that of the chloride-selective electrode, contributes mainly to a lower sampling output for the bromide-selective electrode-FIA system when compared with the chloride electrode system.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '6',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 16:06:13',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '00328',
			'pauthor' => '!Van Staden, J.F.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1016/0003-2670(92)80217-U',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Response time phenomena of coated open-tubular solid-state silver halide-selective electrodes and their influence on sample dispersion in flow injection analysis', Anal. Chim. Acta, 1992 261(1-2) 381-390',
			'firstchar' => 'R',
			'twochars' => 'Re',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 5 => array(
			'id' => '005877',
			'authors' => 'Hauser, P.C.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Peter C. Hauser*',
			'title' => 'Trioctyltin chloride as carrier for a chloride-selective electrode in flow injection potentiometry',
			'journal' => 'Anal. Chim. Acta',
			'journal_id' => '0584',
			'fadid' => 'ANCA1993V0278P00227',
			'year' => '1993',
			'volume' => '278',
			'issue' => '2',
			'startpage' => '227',
			'endpage' => '232',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;',
			'matrices' => '',
			'techniques' => ';0400;0290;',
			'keywords' => '',
			'abstract' => 'Trioctyltin chloride was dissolved in THF with bis-(1-butylpentyl)adipate and PVC, then an ISE was constructed with the membrane solution and a Ag wire. The ISE was incorporated into a flow injection cell [cf. Analyst (London), 1988, 113, 1551] and FIA was carried out to determine chloride concentration. in standard solution The inherent instability of the trioctyltin chloride was eliminated in the flow injection mode. Calibration graphs were rectilinear from 1-100 mM chloride and the detection limit was 0.1 mM; no RSD is given.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '6',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 16:09:29',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '01004',
			'pauthor' => '!Hauser, P.C.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1016/0003-2670(93)85103-Q',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Trioctyltin chloride as carrier for a chloride-selective electrode in flow injection potentiometry', Anal. Chim. Acta, 1993 278(2) 227-232',
			'firstchar' => 'T',
			'twochars' => 'Tr',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]),
			'Keyword' => array([maximum depth reached])
		),
		(int) 6 => array(
			'id' => '006206',
			'authors' => 'Rizov, I.;Ilcheva, L.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Ivelin Rizov* and Liliana Ilcheva',
			'title' => 'Differential flow injection potentiometry',
			'journal' => 'Anal. Chim. Acta',
			'journal_id' => '0584',
			'fadid' => 'ANCA1995V0311P00175',
			'year' => '1995',
			'volume' => '311',
			'issue' => '2',
			'startpage' => '175',
			'endpage' => '181',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0205;0594;1588;',
			'matrices' => ';0630;1061;',
			'techniques' => ';0290;0312;0274;0400;',
			'keywords' => ';0130;',
			'abstract' => 'Flow injection potentiometric methods using two different ISE placed in series are described for the simultaneous determination of (i) nitrate and chloride and (ii) nitrate and ammonium. The flow injection manifold for the determination of nitrate and chloride consisted of a nitrate ISE separated from a chloride ISE by a reaction coil of 254 cm x 0.51 mm i.d. A sample volume of 60 &micro;L was injected into a 0.04 M Na2SO4 carrier stream (6.3 ml/min). The nitrate concentration was determined using the chloride ISE as a reference electrode and vice versa. The RSD (n = 13) for the determination of 0.1 mM nitrate and 1 mM chloride were 1.1 and 0.9%, respectively. A similar manifold is described for the determination of nitrate and ammonium using nitrate and ammonium ISE separated by a reaction coil of 284 cm x 0.51 mm i.d. The RSD (n = 12) for the determination of nitrate and ammonium in waste water from a urea production plant were 1.1 and 0.9%, respectively.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '14',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 16:17:25',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => null,
			'pauthor' => 'Rizov, I.',
			'address' => 'Department of Analytical Chemistry, Higher Institute of Chemical Technology, 8 Kl. Ochridsky Str., 1756, Sofia, Bulgaria',
			'email' => 'NA',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1016/0003-2670(95)00187-5',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Differential flow injection potentiometry', Anal. Chim. Acta, 1995 311(2) 175-181',
			'firstchar' => 'D',
			'twochars' => 'Di',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Matrix' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 7 => array(
			'id' => '006911',
			'authors' => 'Krawczynski Vel Krawczyk, T.;Szostek, B.;Trojanowicz, M.A.',
			'authorsweb' => 'T. Krawczyski vel Krawczyk, B. Szostek and M. Trojanowicz  ',
			'title' => 'Oxidative removal of interferences in flow injection potentiometric determination of chloride',
			'journal' => 'Talanta',
			'journal_id' => '0569',
			'fadid' => 'TALT1989V0036P00811',
			'year' => '1989',
			'volume' => '36',
			'issue' => '8',
			'startpage' => '811',
			'endpage' => '815',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;',
			'matrices' => '',
			'techniques' => ';0400;0290;',
			'keywords' => ';0217;',
			'abstract' => 'The flow injection system consisted of a multi-channel peristaltic pump, a laboratory-built rotary injection valve with an exchangeable sample loop, a constant-temp. delay coil and a large-volume wall-jet cell. Chloride-sensing electrodes (Ag - AgCl and AgCl - Ag2S membrane) were used in conjunction with an Orion 90-02 double-junction reference electrode. With 0.1 M KBrO3 in 1 M HNO3 as the carrier solution, direct potentiometric determination of Cl- in the presence of excess of Br-, I-, S2- and CN- could be carried out at a max. sampling rate of 120 h-1. Calibration graphs were rectilinear from 10 to 1000 ppm of Cl-, and the coefficient of variation for Br--to-Cl- wt. ratios of 1:1, 1:10 and 25:1 were 1.5, 0.2 and 0.5%, respectively.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '60',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 14:55:16',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '00320',
			'pauthor' => '!Trojanowicz, M.A.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1016/0039-9140(89)80159-6',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Oxidative removal of interferences in flow injection potentiometric determination of chloride', Talanta, 1989 36(8) 811-815',
			'firstchar' => 'O',
			'twochars' => 'Ox',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
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			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 8 => array(
			'id' => '006998',
			'authors' => 'Najib, F.M.;Othman, S.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Fadhil M. Najib* and Shireen Othman,  ',
			'title' => 'Simultaneous determination of chloride, bromide, iodide and fluoride with flow injection - ion-selective electrode systems',
			'journal' => 'Talanta',
			'journal_id' => '0569',
			'fadid' => 'TALT1992V0039P01259',
			'year' => '1992',
			'volume' => '39',
			'issue' => '10',
			'startpage' => '1259',
			'endpage' => '1267',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;0451;1275;0982;',
			'matrices' => ';0372;',
			'techniques' => ';0283;0290;0298;0303;',
			'keywords' => ';0258;0320;0217;',
			'abstract' => 'Electrodes for Cl-, Br- and I- were constructed (preparation described) from Ag2 - AgCl or AgBr (1:1) and Ag2S - AgI (1:3); for F- a commercial electrode was used. By combining the electrodes and suppressor columns of AgCl and amalgamated Pb, the ions were simultaneously determined in a carrier stream (0.5 mL min-1) of e.g. 0.1 M HClO4 at pH 4.0. The calibration graphs were rectilinear down to 100, 5, 1 and 5 &micro;M for Cl-, Br-, I- and F-, respectively. The reproducibility was 1% for the determination of the halides in eight water samples, the results agreed well with those obtained by three reference methods. Flow-through ion-selective electrodes were constructed from compressed pellets (8-10 mm thick, 13 mm diameter, 10 tons/cm2 pressure) of Ag2S/AgX (X = Cl-, Br- or I-) drilled longitudinally (1.5 mm diameter hole) to be suitable for use in flow injection analysis. A column of AgCl (5.5 cm long, 2-3 mm internal diameter) was included in the Cl- electrode manifold to remove interferences from 10^-4 M Br- and 3 x 10^-5 M I- and S2-. A column of amalgamated lead (2-3 cm long, 2-3 mm internal diameter) was used in the Br--electrode manifold to remove interference from 2 x 10^-5 M I-, 3 x 10^-5 M S2- and 7 x 10^-4 M Cl-. These columns and the addition of ascorbic acid were not required when I- was determined with the iodide electrode. The carrier stream was 0.1 M sodium perchlorate (pH 4) at a flow-rate of 0.5 mL/min. The sample pH could be 4-7. Simultaneous determination of Cl- and I-, Cl-, I- and Br-, and Cl-, I-, Br- and F- ions was possible with combinations of the corresponding electrodes and columns in series and/or parallel in specially designed manifolds. Calibration plots were linear, with almost theoretical slopes, down to 10^-6 M I-, 5 x 10^-6 M Br-, 10^-4 M Cl- and 5 x 10^-6 M F-, with precision better than 1%. Sampling rates for single-ion determinations were 72, 102, 90 and 80 per h for the one-, two-, three- and four-electrode systems respectively. Determinations of these ions in water samples by the recommended procedure and by established batch methods showed no significant difference at the 95% confidence limits in a paired comparison t-test.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '28',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 14:59:47',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => null,
			'pauthor' => 'Najib, F.M.',
			'address' => 'Department of Chemistry, University of Salahaddin, Arbil, Iraq',
			'email' => 'NA',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1016/0039-9140(92)80234-5',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Simultaneous determination of chloride, bromide, iodide and fluoride with flow injection - ion-selective electrode systems', Talanta, 1992 39(10) 1259-1267',
			'firstchar' => 'S',
			'twochars' => 'Si',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Matrix' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 9 => array(
			'id' => '007402',
			'authors' => 'Midgley, D.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Derek Midgley',
			'title' => 'Determination of chloride and fluoride in boronated water',
			'journal' => 'Analyst',
			'journal_id' => '0864',
			'fadid' => 'ANAL1985V0110P00841',
			'year' => '1985',
			'volume' => '110',
			'issue' => '7',
			'startpage' => '841',
			'endpage' => '845',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;0982;',
			'matrices' => ';1068;',
			'techniques' => ';0290;0298;0400;',
			'keywords' => '',
			'abstract' => 'The performance of chloride-and fluoride-selective electrodes in boronated waters, typical of a pressurised water reactor (PWR) primary coolant, has been investigated. The precision and sensitivity of the mercury(I) chloride-mercury(II) sulphide membrane electrode were unaffected by the boric acid medium and the electrode was adequate for measurements below the specified limit of 150-200 &micro;g l-1 of chloride. Measurements of fluoride concentration in the range 25-250 &micro;g l-1 were straightforward, with a relative standard deviation of about 2%. The lanthanum fluoride membrane electrode can, therefore, be used to check that PWR primary coolant is within the specified limit of 150 &micro;g l-1. The boric acid in the sample causes a bias in direct potentiometry for fluoride, but this can be corrected by a simple mathematical equation. Alternatively, the bias can be avoided by the use of known addition potentiometry. Fluoride electrodes deviate from the theoretical sensitivity below a concentration of about 25 &micro;g l-1, but still have ample sensitivity down to 1 &micro;g l-1. In this concentration range, however, the response is very slow, taking 40-120 min to reach equilibrium and there is considerable variation between individual electrodes.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '8',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 00:01:01',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => null,
			'pauthor' => 'Midgley, D.',
			'address' => 'NA',
			'email' => 'NA',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1039/an9851000841',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Determination of chloride and fluoride in boronated water', Analyst, 1985 110(7) 841-845',
			'firstchar' => 'D',
			'twochars' => 'De',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Matrix' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Keyword' => array([maximum depth reached])
		),
		(int) 10 => array(
			'id' => '007424',
			'authors' => 'Van Staden, J.F.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Jacobus F. van Staden',
			'title' => 'Electrodes in series. Simultaneous flow injection determination of chloride and pH with ion-selective electrodes',
			'journal' => 'Analyst',
			'journal_id' => '0864',
			'fadid' => 'ANAL1986V0111P01231',
			'year' => '1986',
			'volume' => '111',
			'issue' => '11',
			'startpage' => '1231',
			'endpage' => '1234',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;1780;',
			'matrices' => '',
			'techniques' => ';0181;0224;0290;0400;',
			'keywords' => ';0420;',
			'abstract' => 'A tubular flow-through Cl--selective cell (cf. Anal. Chim. Acta, 1986, 179, 407) and a micro-combination pH electrode and double-junction reference electrode with 10% KNO3 solution as the outer chamber filling solution were incorporated in series into a flow injection system. Aliquots (30 &micro;L) of solution (pH 3 to 10) containing 0.02 to 5.0 g L-1 of NaCl were injected at a rate of 60 samples h-1 into ionic-strength adjustment buffer (pH 7.6) containing 0.5 M KNO3 and 10 mM NaH2PO4. Rectilinear calibration graphs were achieved across the pH range, and the Cl- concentration. had no effect on pH measurement. Standard deviations of <1.5% for Cl- and 1% for pH measurement were achieved with the system.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '7',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 00:01:45',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '00328',
			'pauthor' => '!Van Staden, J.F.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1039/an9861101231',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Electrodes in series. Simultaneous flow injection determination of chloride and pH with ion-selective electrodes', Analyst, 1986 111(11) 1231-1234',
			'firstchar' => 'E',
			'twochars' => 'El',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 11 => array(
			'id' => '007498',
			'authors' => 'Hauser, P.C.;Tan, S.S.;Cardwell, T.J.;Cattrall, R.W.;Hamilton, I.C.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Peter C. Hauser, Susie S. Tan, Terence J. Cardwell, Robert W. Cattrall and Ian C. Hamilton',
			'title' => 'Versatile manifold for the simultaneous determination of ions in flow injection analysis',
			'journal' => 'Analyst',
			'journal_id' => '0864',
			'fadid' => 'ANAL1988V0113P01551',
			'year' => '1988',
			'volume' => '113',
			'issue' => '10',
			'startpage' => '1551',
			'endpage' => '1555',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';1936;0485;0205;0594;1588;1841;',
			'matrices' => ';0325;',
			'techniques' => ';0285;0290;0312;0322;0400;0493;',
			'keywords' => ';0173;0420;',
			'abstract' => 'A flow injection analysis system is described for the simultaneous determination in plant nutrient solution of K+, Ca(II), NO3- and Cl- by potentiometry, and NH4+ and PO43- by spectrophotometry. Diagrams of the manifold and the spectrophotometric transducer are given. Potentiometric measurements were made with PVC-based ion-selective membranes; the carrier stream was 0.2 M Na acetate buffer. Ammonium ion was determined by the gas diffusion method with use of cresol red and thymol blue. Absorbance was measured at 605 nm. The calibration graph covered the range from 0.5 to 25 mg L-1 as N. Phosphate was determined by the molybdenum blue method, with absorbance measurement at 820 nm; the calibration graph covered the range from 0.5 to 25 mg l-1. Results agreed well with expected values.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '14',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 00:03:52',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '00071',
			'pauthor' => '!Cardwell, T.J.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1039/an9881301551',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Versatile manifold for the simultaneous determination of ions in flow injection analysis', Analyst, 1988 113(10) 1551-1555',
			'firstchar' => 'V',
			'twochars' => 'Ve',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
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				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 12 => array(
			'id' => '007551',
			'authors' => 'Hara, H.;Mitani, O.;Okazaki, S.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Hirokazu Hara, Osamu Mitani and Satoshi Okazaki',
			'title' => 'Alternate sample/standard exchange method using a pair of identical ion-selective electrodes for the improvement of precision in an automated potentiometric analysis system',
			'journal' => 'Analyst',
			'journal_id' => '0864',
			'fadid' => 'ANAL1989V0114P00923',
			'year' => '1989',
			'volume' => '114',
			'issue' => '8',
			'startpage' => '923',
			'endpage' => '927',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => '',
			'matrices' => '',
			'techniques' => ';0400;0290;0312;',
			'keywords' => ';0044;',
			'abstract' => 'The use of an automated potentiometric analysis system with a pair of identical ion-selective electrodes as the detector is described. The sample and standard solutions were introduced simultaneously into the flow cell, which was equipped with a pair of identical ion-selective electrodes. The sample and standard streams were then exchanged with each other by using a four-way valve controlled by a microcomputer. The potential difference between the two electrodes was measured before and after switching of the four-way valve. Hence the effect of the potential shift of the ion-selective electrodes could theoretically be cancelled. The characteristics of the system were investigated by using nitrate or chloride ion-selective electrode pairs. A precision of <1% was achieved for five successive measurements when the sample concentration was close to that of the base standard solution.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '2',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 00:04:26',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => null,
			'pauthor' => 'NA',
			'address' => 'NA',
			'email' => 'NA',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1039/an9891400923',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Alternate sample/standard exchange method using a pair of identical ion-selective electrodes for the improvement of precision in an automated potentiometric analysis system', Analyst, 1989 114(8) 923-927',
			'firstchar' => 'A',
			'twochars' => 'Al',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array([maximum depth reached]),
			'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 13 => array(
			'id' => '007648',
			'authors' => 'Van Staden, J.F.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Jacobus F. van Staden',
			'title' => 'Comparison of the influence and contribution of the response times of coated open-tubular solid-state bromide- and chloride-selective electrodes on the analytical throughput (dispersion) in flow injection systems',
			'journal' => 'Analyst',
			'journal_id' => '0864',
			'fadid' => 'ANAL1992V0117P00051',
			'year' => '1992',
			'volume' => '117',
			'issue' => '1',
			'startpage' => '51',
			'endpage' => '56',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => '',
			'matrices' => '',
			'techniques' => ';0283;0290;',
			'keywords' => ';0302;0119;',
			'abstract' => 'The cited study was performed for 10 to 5000 mg L-1 of Br- and Cl-. For both electrodes the adsorption rate is independent of concentration. and does not contribute significantly to any decrease in the sampling rate, although the adsorption rate of the Cl-selective electrode in the system is slightly faster than the Br system. For both electrodes the desorption process is mainly responsible for the sampling rate obtained in an optimized flow injection ion-selective electrode system. An electrode memory of the Br-selective electrode is the main reason for the sampling rate of this system being lower than that obtained for a similar flow injection system with a Cl-selective electrode. An evaluation of the influence and contribution of the response times of coated open-tubular solid-state bromide- and chloride-selective electrodes on the anal. throughput (dispersion) in flow injection (FI) systems is presented using concentration ranges of 10^-5000 mg L-1 for bromide and chloride, respectively. For both electrodes the adsorption rate is independent of concentration. and does not contribute significantly to any decrease in the sampling rate, although the adsorption rate of the chloride-selective electrode in the FI system seems to be slightly faster than the bromide system. For both electrodes the desorption mechanism process is mainly responsible for the sampling rate obtained in an optimized FI-ion-selective electrode system. An electrode memory of the bromide-selective electrode is the main reason for the sampling rate of this system being lower than that obtained for a similar FI system with a chloride-selective electrode.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '4',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 08:32:27',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '00328',
			'pauthor' => '!Van Staden, J.F.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1039/an9921700051',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Comparison of the influence and contribution of the response times of coated open-tubular solid-state bromide- and chloride-selective electrodes on the analytical throughput (dispersion) in flow injection systems', Analyst, 1992 117(1) 51-56',
			'firstchar' => 'C',
			'twochars' => 'Co',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array([maximum depth reached]),
			'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 14 => array(
			'id' => '007890',
			'authors' => 'Ferreira, I.M.P.L.V.O.;Lima, J.L.F.C.;Montenegro, M.C.B.S.M.;Perez Olmos, R.;Rios, A.',
			'authorsweb' => 'I. M. P. L. V. O. Ferreira, J. L. F. C. Lima, M. C. B. S. M. Montenegro, R. P&eacute;rez Olmos and A. Rios',
			'title' => 'Simultaneous assay of nitrite, nitrate and chloride in meat products by a flow injection method',
			'journal' => 'Analyst',
			'journal_id' => '0864',
			'fadid' => 'ANAL1996V0121P01393',
			'year' => '1996',
			'volume' => '121',
			'issue' => '10',
			'startpage' => '1393',
			'endpage' => '1396',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;1588;1592;',
			'matrices' => ';0715;0723;',
			'techniques' => ';0400;0290;0224;',
			'keywords' => ';0379;0054;0393;',
			'abstract' => 'Sample was homogenized and extracted with hot water and the extract was purified and filtered. A portion (100 &micro;L) of the filtrate was injected into a carrier stream (2.9 ml/min) of 50 mM Na2SO4/0.02 mM NaCl of a flow injection manifold (schematic shown). Chloride (I) was determined potentiometrically a tubular ISE (cf. Ferreira et al., Fresenius' J. Anal. Chem., 1993, 374, 314). The carrier was mixed with a buffer stream (0.5 ml/min) of NH4Cl/sodium tetraborate/Na2EDTA and split into two. One stream passed through a Cd/Cu column to reduce nitrate (II) to nitrite (III). The two streams subsequently passed through a confluence point and were mixed a reagent stream (1 ml/min) of acidified sulfanilamide/N-(1-naphthyl)ethylenediamine dihydrochloride and the absorbance was measured (wavelength not given). As each channel had a different residence time, two peaks were obtained, one for nitrite III and one for total N: II was measured by difference. The calibration graphs were linear from 0.01-0.1 M I, up to 104 ppm II and from 0.03-0.2 ppm III. RSD (n = 10) were 2.5, 0.7 and 1.1%, respectively, for I, II and III.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '12',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 09:30:58',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => null,
			'pauthor' => 'NA',
			'address' => 'NA',
			'email' => 'NA',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1039/an9962101393',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Simultaneous assay of nitrite, nitrate and chloride in meat products by a flow injection method', Analyst, 1996 121(10) 1393-1396',
			'firstchar' => 'S',
			'twochars' => 'Si',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
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				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 15 => array(
			'id' => '007971',
			'authors' => 'Alvares Ribeiro, L.M.B.C.;Machado, A.A.S.C.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Luis M. B. C. &Aacute;lvares-Ribeiro and Ad&eacute;lio A. S. C. Machado',
			'title' => 'Optimization of a bipotentiometric flow injection analysis system for simultaneous determination of calcium and chloride ions in natural waters',
			'journal' => 'Analyst',
			'journal_id' => '0864',
			'fadid' => 'ANAL1998V0123P00653',
			'year' => '1998',
			'volume' => '123',
			'issue' => '4',
			'startpage' => '653',
			'endpage' => '659',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0485;0594;',
			'matrices' => ';0372;',
			'techniques' => ';0017;0285;0290;',
			'keywords' => ';0418;0302;0441;0258;0217;',
			'abstract' => 'Experimental optimization using the modified simplex method of a bipotentiometric flow injection analysis (FIA) system, constituted by two different ion selective electrodes (ISE) placed in series, for the simultaneous determination of Ca2+ and Cl- in water is reported. The response function used was a weighted linear combination of three variables, chosen to achieve maximization of the Ca2+ electrode sensitivity, minimization of the interference of the Ca2+ signal on the Cl- response, and maximization of the sampling rate. The optimized system can determine Ca2+ from 5 x 10^-5 to 5 x 10^-3 mol/L with a sensitivity of ~27 mV/decade and Cl- from 2 x 10^-4 to 2 x 10^-2 mol/L (the max. value tested), with a sensitivity of ~55 mV/decade. Repeatability was 1.9 and 0.6%, respectively, at 2 x 10^-4 and 2.2 x 10^-3 mol/L (8 and 90 mg/L), for Ca2+ determinations, and 1.8 and 1.2%, respectively, at 3.4 x 10^-4 and 8.3 x 10^-4 mol/L (12 and 29 mg/L), for Cl- determinations A sampling rate of 40/h was obtained. The affect of ionic strength on the results is discussed. The relative accuracy of the bipotentiometric FIA system was demonstrated by determining the content of both ions in natural water in parallel with ASTM certified methods.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '11',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 09:52:00',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '01134',
			'pauthor' => '!Machado, A.A.S.C.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1039/a708289d',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Optimization of a bipotentiometric flow injection analysis system for simultaneous determination of calcium and chloride ions in natural waters', Analyst, 1998 123(4) 653-659',
			'firstchar' => 'O',
			'twochars' => 'Op',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
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				[maximum depth reached]
			),
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			),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 16 => array(
			'id' => '008879',
			'authors' => 'Ilcheva, L.K.;Cammann, K.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Liliana Ilcheva and Karl Cammann',
			'title' => 'Flow injection analysis of chloride in tap and sewage water using ion-selective electrode detection',
			'journal' => 'Fresenius J. Anal. Chem.',
			'journal_id' => '0944',
			'fadid' => 'FJAC1985V0322P00323',
			'year' => '1985',
			'volume' => '322',
			'issue' => '3',
			'startpage' => '323',
			'endpage' => '326',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;',
			'matrices' => ';1069;1057;',
			'techniques' => ';0159;0290;',
			'keywords' => ';0217;',
			'abstract' => 'Tap-water or sewage water was analyzed by flow injection analysis with injection into the carrier stream (1.5 mL min-1) of 0.1 M KNO3, which flowed down a vertically suspended strip of filter-paper connected to a single-crystal AgCl membrane electrode and a double-junction reference electrode. Sixty samples h-1 could be analyzed and no serious interference was observed from S2-, I- or Br-. The limit of detection was 10 &micro;M-Cl- and the coefficient of variation were 5 and 10% at >100 and 10 &micro;M, respectively.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '11',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 00:20:16',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '00901',
			'pauthor' => '!Cammann, K.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1007/BF00490916',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Flow injection analysis of chloride in tap and sewage water using ion-selective electrode detection', Fresenius J. Anal. Chem., 1985 322(3) 323-326',
			'firstchar' => 'F',
			'twochars' => 'Fl',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Matrix' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 17 => array(
			'id' => '008889',
			'authors' => 'Ilcheva, L.K.;Cammann, K.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Liliana Ilcheva and Karl Cammann   ',
			'title' => 'Simple, selective and sensitive liquid chromatographic or flow injection detector for chloro-organic compounds based on ion-selective electrodes',
			'journal' => 'Fresenius J. Anal. Chem.',
			'journal_id' => '0944',
			'fadid' => 'FJAC1986V0325P00011',
			'year' => '1986',
			'volume' => '325',
			'issue' => '1',
			'startpage' => '11',
			'endpage' => '14',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0598;',
			'matrices' => '',
			'techniques' => ';0038;0290;',
			'keywords' => '',
			'abstract' => 'The Cl- liberated by the electrolytic decomposition of chloroacetone (I) and the decomposition of I and 1-chloro-4-nitrobenzene by UV radiation was determined by using the detector of Ilcheva and Cammann (Ibid., 1985, 322, 323). The detection limit was in the nmol range. In the analysis of 50 &micro;L of a 1 mM solution of Cl compound the coefficient of variation was ~5%. The detector, which can also be used to determine Br-, I- and S2- by using an appropriate ion-selective electrode, may be useful in LC.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '3',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 00:20:27',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '00901',
			'pauthor' => '!Cammann, K.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1007/BF00983396',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Simple, selective and sensitive liquid chromatographic or flow injection detector for chloro-organic compounds based on ion-selective electrodes', Fresenius J. Anal. Chem., 1986 325(1) 11-14',
			'firstchar' => 'S',
			'twochars' => 'Si',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]),
			'Keyword' => array([maximum depth reached])
		),
		(int) 18 => array(
			'id' => '008906',
			'authors' => 'Van Staden, J.F.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Jacobus F. van Staden',
			'title' => 'Online quality control in concentrated hydrochloric acid production plants. Flow injection determination of hydrochloric acid content in concentrated hydrochloric acid by automated pre-valve dilution and a coated tubular solid-state chloride-selective ele',
			'journal' => 'Fresenius J. Anal. Chem.',
			'journal_id' => '0944',
			'fadid' => 'FJAC1987V0328P00068',
			'year' => '1987',
			'volume' => '328',
			'issue' => '1-2',
			'startpage' => '68',
			'endpage' => '70',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';1188;',
			'matrices' => ';0644;',
			'techniques' => ';0224;0290;0400;',
			'keywords' => ';0258;',
			'abstract' => 'Diluted samples (30 &micro;L) are mixed with 1 M KNO3 as carrier solution for determination at a flow-through tubular indicator electrode, used in conjunction with an Orion 90-02 double-junction reference electrode with 10% KNO3 as outer chamber filling solution The sampling rate is 60 h-1. The construction, preparation and conditioning of the electrode are similar to a previously described procedure (Anal. Chim. Acta, 1986, 179, 407). The method is applied to samples containing 9 to 38% of HCl. Results for this method agree well with those obtained by using the Na2CO3 and Volhard titration procedures. The coefficient of variation for samples of different HCl content is <0.6% (n = 15).',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '9',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 00:20:49',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '00328',
			'pauthor' => '!Van Staden, J.F.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1007/BF00560951',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Online quality control in concentrated hydrochloric acid production plants. Flow injection determination of hydrochloric acid content in concentrated hydrochloric acid by automated pre-valve dilution and a coated tubular solid-state chloride-selective ele', Fresenius J. Anal. Chem., 1987 328(1-2) 68-70',
			'firstchar' => 'O',
			'twochars' => 'On',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
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			),
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				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 19 => array(
			'id' => '008907',
			'authors' => 'Ilcheva, L.;Trojanowicz, M.A.;Krawczynski Vel Krawczyk, T.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Liliana Ilcheva, Marek Trojanowicz and Tadeusz Krawczynski vel Krawczyk',
			'title' => 'Effect of addition of main ion to carrier solution in potentiometric flow injection measurements with solid state ion-selective electrodes',
			'journal' => 'Fresenius J. Anal. Chem.',
			'journal_id' => '0944',
			'fadid' => 'FJAC1987V0328P00027',
			'year' => '1987',
			'volume' => '328',
			'issue' => '1-2',
			'startpage' => '27',
			'endpage' => '32',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0982;0594;1275;0684;',
			'matrices' => '',
			'techniques' => ';0238;0290;0295;0298;0303;0400;',
			'keywords' => ';0401;0464;',
			'abstract' => 'Flow injection measurements were made by using a flow-through cup (described and illustrated) and Cl--, F--, I-- and Cu(II)-selective electrodes. The addition of the main ion to the carrier solution to create a constant background level of main ion produces a significant improvement in response for the F-- and I--selective electrodes. However, a very slow return of the potential value to the baseline is observed for I- measurements; this is attributable to the slow desorption of I- from the electrode surface. The super-Nernstian slope observed for the F-- and Cu(II)-selective electrodes in the absence of F- or Cu(II) in the carrier solution decreased to Nernstian values in the presence of the ions in the carrier solution',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '27',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 00:20:46',
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			'pauthor_id' => '00320',
			'pauthor' => '!Trojanowicz, M.A.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1007/BF00560942',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Effect of addition of main ion to carrier solution in potentiometric flow injection measurements with solid state ion-selective electrodes', Fresenius J. Anal. Chem., 1987 328(1-2) 27-32',
			'firstchar' => 'E',
			'twochars' => 'Ef',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
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			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 20 => array(
			'id' => '008965',
			'authors' => 'Frenzel, W.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Wolfgang Frenzel',
			'title' => 'Application of flow injection potentiometry to the determination of chloride in various matrices',
			'journal' => 'Fresenius J. Anal. Chem.',
			'journal_id' => '0944',
			'fadid' => 'FJAC1989V0335P00931',
			'year' => '1989',
			'volume' => '335',
			'issue' => '8',
			'startpage' => '931',
			'endpage' => '937',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;',
			'matrices' => ';1069;0390;0511;0667;',
			'techniques' => ';0216;0290;0400;',
			'keywords' => ';0401;0109;0302;',
			'abstract' => 'Chloride-selective electrodes were prepared from silver tubes (1 cm x 0.3 to 1.0 mm i.d.); the inner wall was coated with AgCl. Behaviour under steady-state and flow injection conditions was studied and the influence of system parameters on sensitivity, detection limit, response time and sample throughput was discussed. Sample throughput was 60 to 200 h-1. The calibration graph was rectilinear from 0.1 to 10,000 mg L-1 of Cl-, with a detection limit of 0.01 mg L-1 and a coefficient of variation of 1%. The method was applied in the analysis of tap and mineral water, emission control of HCl and the determination of Cl- in silicon nitride.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '15',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 00:22:09',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '00154',
			'pauthor' => '!Frenzel, W.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1007/BF00466385',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Application of flow injection potentiometry to the determination of chloride in various matrices', Fresenius J. Anal. Chem., 1989 335(8) 931-937',
			'firstchar' => 'A',
			'twochars' => 'Ap',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
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				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 21 => array(
			'id' => '008979',
			'authors' => 'Van Staden, J.F.;Van Rensburg, A.',
			'authorsweb' => 'J. F. van Staden and A. van Rensburg',
			'title' => 'Three component flow injection analysis with online dialysis. Simultaneous determination of free calcium, total calcium and total chloride in milk by flow injection analysis and online dialysis',
			'journal' => 'Fresenius J. Anal. Chem.',
			'journal_id' => '0944',
			'fadid' => 'FJAC1990V0337P00393',
			'year' => '1990',
			'volume' => '337',
			'issue' => '4',
			'startpage' => '393',
			'endpage' => '397',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0485;',
			'matrices' => ';0007;',
			'techniques' => ';0452;0290;',
			'keywords' => ';0111;0420;0217;',
			'abstract' => 'Milk (30 &micro;L) samples (at 1 sample per min) are directed to three different channels by the use of two dialysers in series. For the determination of free Ca, interference is eliminated by using the first dialyser (which also separates total and free Ca) and determination is by spectrophotometry at 580 nm. For the determination of total Ca by AAS at 422.7 nm, interference from phosphate is overcome by the use of N2O - acetylene flame with the necessary suppression with K ions. The second dialyser in series is used to eliminate interferences (e.g., from casein) before dialysed Cl is measured with a coated tubular chloride-selective electrode. The coefficient of variation for 110 to 170 mg L-1 of free Ca, 1000 to 1500 mg L-1 of total Ca and 1000 to 1800 mg L-1 of total Cl were >0.4, 1.0 and 0.3, respectively. This method compared with existing manual methods is faster, more accurate and reliable, and uses a single series of Ca standards for both total and free Ca determination.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '13',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 00:38:25',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '00328',
			'pauthor' => '!Van Staden, J.F.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1007/BF00322218',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Three component flow injection analysis with online dialysis. Simultaneous determination of free calcium, total calcium and total chloride in milk by flow injection analysis and online dialysis', Fresenius J. Anal. Chem., 1990 337(4) 393-397',
			'firstchar' => 'T',
			'twochars' => 'Th',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
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				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 22 => array(
			'id' => '009086',
			'authors' => 'Altunbulduk, T.;Meier zu Koecker, H.;Frenzel, W.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Tahir Altunbulduk, Heinz Meier zu K&ouml;cker and Wolfgang Frenzel',
			'title' => 'Studies on the elimination of sulfide interference in the potentiometric determination of chloride using ion selective electrodes in a flow injection system',
			'journal' => 'Fresenius J. Anal. Chem.',
			'journal_id' => '0944',
			'fadid' => 'FJAC1995V0351P00593',
			'year' => '1995',
			'volume' => '351',
			'issue' => '7',
			'startpage' => '593',
			'endpage' => '598',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;',
			'matrices' => '',
			'techniques' => ';0290;0400;',
			'keywords' => ';0217;',
			'abstract' => 'Detailed investigations have been reported on the application of a common procedure using bromate in nitric acid for the removal of the interference of sulfide in the direct potentiometric determination of chloride using silver-based ion selective electrodes in a flow injection system. It is shown that this procedure is not very efficient and carries a high risk of chloride underestimation. With increasing levels of sulfide the oxidation of chloride to elemental chlorine becomes progressively significant and under certain circumstances virtually no chloride is left irrespective of its initial concentration. Hydrogen peroxide in alkaline medium is proposed as a suitable alternative for the efficient removal of sulfide without any adverse effects on the potentiometric method.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '10',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 09:19:41',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '00154',
			'pauthor' => '!Frenzel, W.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1007/BF00323331',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Studies on the elimination of sulfide interference in the potentiometric determination of chloride using ion selective electrodes in a flow injection system', Fresenius J. Anal. Chem., 1995 351(7) 593-598',
			'firstchar' => 'S',
			'twochars' => 'St',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
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			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 23 => array(
			'id' => '009565',
			'authors' => 'Van Staden, J.F.',
			'authorsweb' => 'NA',
			'title' => 'Flow injection analysis of chloride in milk with a dialyzer and a coated tubular inorganic chloride-selective electrode',
			'journal' => 'Anal. Lett.',
			'journal_id' => '0820',
			'fadid' => 'ANLE1986V0019P01407',
			'year' => '1986',
			'volume' => '19',
			'issue' => '13&14',
			'startpage' => '1407',
			'endpage' => '1419',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;',
			'matrices' => ';0007;',
			'techniques' => ';0224;0290;',
			'keywords' => ';0111;0217;0258;0302;',
			'abstract' => 'A flow injection analysis system is described (manifold and flow diagram given), whereby samples (30 &micro;L) are introduced into a carrier stream (3.9 mL min-1) of 1 M KNO3 and pumped through a dialyser (16 cm x 3 cm x 2.5 cm) to remove interfering compounds. The dialysed Cl- in the recipient stream (as for carrier stream) is measured with a coated tubular flow-through Cl--selective electrode. The optimization and performance of the system are discussed and the results for the analysis of 10 milk samples are compared with those obtained by the Volhard titration method. For 30 &micro;L samples containing 0.25 to 5.0 g L-1 of Cl-, the coefficient of variation are <0.5% (n = 15).',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '2007-03-29 17:05:38',
			'hits' => '8',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 00:06:14',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '00328',
			'pauthor' => '!Van Staden, J.F.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1080/00032718608069115',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Flow injection analysis of chloride in milk with a dialyzer and a coated tubular inorganic chloride-selective electrode', Anal. Lett., 1986 19(13&14) 1407-1419',
			'firstchar' => 'F',
			'twochars' => 'Fl',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
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				[maximum depth reached]
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			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 24 => array(
			'id' => '009931',
			'authors' => 'Alpizar, J.;Crespi, A.;Cladera, A.;Forteza, R.;Cerda, V.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Jes&uacute;s Alp&iacute;zar, Antonio Cresp&iacute;, Andreu Cladera, Rafael Forteza, V&iacute;ctor Cerd&agrave;',
			'title' => 'Simultaneous determination of chloride and fluoride ions in waters by sequential injection analysis',
			'journal' => 'Electroanalysis',
			'journal_id' => '1003',
			'fadid' => 'ELAN1996V0008P01051',
			'year' => '1996',
			'volume' => '8',
			'issue' => '11',
			'startpage' => '1051',
			'endpage' => '1054',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;0982;',
			'matrices' => ';1069;',
			'techniques' => ';0400;0218;0290;0298;',
			'keywords' => ';0404;0258;0446;',
			'abstract' => 'A sequential injection analysis (SIA) system was developed, based on chloride (I)-selective and fluoride (II)-selective electrodes placed in series, in conjunction with a Ag/AgCl reference electrode (diagram given). Water samples (0.2 ml) were subjected to SIA, sandwiched between 0.4 mL and 3.8 mL cyclohexane-1,2-diamine-NNN'N'-tetra-acetic acid as total ionic strength adjustment buffer, at a flow-rate of 4 ml/min and with potentiometric detection. Calibration graphs were linear from 20-500 &micro;g/ml I and 0.5-200 &micro;g/ml II. The RSD (n = 20) were 1% for 50 &micro;g/ml I and 3.7% for 1 &micro;g/ml II. Stopped-flow detection did not improve the results. The method was applied to potable water samples. The I results generally agreed with those obtained using a batch method and the Mohr method. Recoveries of II from spiked tap water were 92-109%.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '26',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 14:11:23',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '00077',
			'pauthor' => '!Cerda, V.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1002/elan.1140081113',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Simultaneous determination of chloride and fluoride ions in waters by sequential injection analysis', Electroanalysis, 1996 8(11) 1051-1054',
			'firstchar' => 'S',
			'twochars' => 'Si',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
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			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
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				[maximum depth reached]
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			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 25 => array(
			'id' => '009973',
			'authors' => 'Alexander, P.W.;Dimitrakopoulos, T.;Hibbert, D.B.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Peter W. Alexander*, Telis Dimitrakopoulos, D. Brynn Hibbert',
			'title' => 'A six sensor array of coated-wire electrodes for use in a portable flow injection analyzer',
			'journal' => 'Electroanalysis',
			'journal_id' => '1003',
			'fadid' => 'ELAN1998V0010P00707',
			'year' => '1998',
			'volume' => '10',
			'issue' => '10',
			'startpage' => '707',
			'endpage' => '712',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;0205;0485;1780;1588;1936;',
			'matrices' => ';1079;',
			'techniques' => ';0060;0290;0127;0400;',
			'keywords' => ';0258;',
			'abstract' => 'An array of 5 photo-cured epoxydiacrylate membrane electrodes incorporating ionophores and a Ag/AgCl wire electrode used as a chloride sensor were all used simultaneously in a previously reported multielectrode flow cell and in a portable flow injection analyzer described by P. Alexander et al. (1996). Photo-cured coated-wire electrodes for NH4+, Ca2+, H+ (pH), NO3-, and K+ and Ag/AgCl wire-based chloride electrode were developed for remote-site monitoring. The photo-cured membranes prepared exhibited strong adhesion to the metal substrate and showed improved mech. strength compared to PVC-based membranes. Each sensor in the present electrode-array exhibited near-Nernstian response over a log-linear range from 0.1-10 mM with detection limits of 0.01 mM in the flow injection potentiometric mode. The flow injection cell was capable of determining the respectively. ions in various water samples and the results were in good agreement with comparative anal. methods.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '30',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 14:12:37',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '00008',
			'pauthor' => '!Alexander, P.W.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1002/(SICI)1521-4109(199808)10:10<707::AID-ELAN707>3.3.CO;2-M',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''A six sensor array of coated-wire electrodes for use in a portable flow injection analyzer', Electroanalysis, 1998 10(10) 707-712',
			'firstchar' => 'A',
			'twochars' => 'A ',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Matrix' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 26 => array(
			'id' => '011780',
			'authors' => 'Trojanowicz, M.A.;Hulanicki, A.;Matuszewski, W.;Fuksiewicz, A.;Hulanicka Michalak, T.;Raszewski, S.;Szyller, J.;Augustyniak, W.',
			'authorsweb' => 'NA',
			'title' => 'Microprocessor-controlled flow injection system with potentiometric detection',
			'journal' => 'Chem. Anal.',
			'journal_id' => '0977',
			'fadid' => 'CHAN1987V0032P00709',
			'year' => '1987',
			'volume' => '32',
			'issue' => '5',
			'startpage' => '709',
			'endpage' => '721',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;1936;',
			'matrices' => ';0562;0372;',
			'techniques' => ';0290;0322;0400;',
			'keywords' => ';0044;0090;',
			'abstract' => 'A system is described for automated flow injection analysis with potentiometric ion-selective electrode detection. The system was tested for determination of Cl- in natural waters and of K in rock salt.',
			'language' => 'Polish',
			'updated' => '2014-10-23 20:46:01',
			'sjccheck' => 'No',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '0',
			'urlcheck' => '2006-05-20 18:55:53',
			'urlcheckcode' => '',
			'pauthor_id' => '00320',
			'pauthor' => '!Trojanowicz, M.A.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => 'NA SJC 102314',
			'url' => 'NA',
			'urltype' => 'NA',
			'gotpdf' => 'no',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Microprocessor-controlled flow injection system with potentiometric detection', Chem. Anal., 1987 32(5) 709-721',
			'firstchar' => 'M',
			'twochars' => 'Mi',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
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				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 27 => array(
			'id' => '012297',
			'authors' => 'Lapa, R.A.S.;Lima, J.L.F.C.;Barrado, E.;Vela, H.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Lapa, Rui A. S.; Lima, Jose L. F. C.; Barrado, Enrique; Vela, Henar',
			'title' => 'Potentiometric determination of chloride in parenteral and haemodialysis solutions by FIA',
			'journal' => 'Il Farmaco',
			'journal_id' => '1171',
			'fadid' => 'FARM1997V0052P00127',
			'year' => '1997',
			'volume' => '52',
			'issue' => '2',
			'startpage' => '127',
			'endpage' => '130',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;',
			'matrices' => ';0142;0149;',
			'techniques' => ';0400;0290;',
			'keywords' => ';0111;0258;',
			'abstract' => 'To determine chloride in parenteral solutions, sample (200 &micro;L) was injected into a stream (4 ml/min) of 0.1 M KNO3/0.1 mM NaCl for 50-fold dilution prior to merging with a similar carrier stream. The flow passed through a mixing coil (50 cm) prior to potentiometric detection using a tubular chloride ISE based on a homogenous crystalline membrane. To determine chloride in haemodialysis solution a similar manifold was used, but with passage through a dialysis unit which enabled 200-fold dilutions to be performed to adjust the sample to within the linear range of the ISE, (0.1 mM to 0.2M). The dialysis solution was 0.1 M KNO3/0.1 mM NaCl. Recoveries were >=97% and RSD were 1.8-5.3%. Results agreed with those obtained using conventional methodology.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'No',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '0',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-24 19:38:33',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 200 OK',
			'pauthor_id' => null,
			'pauthor' => 'NA',
			'address' => 'NA',
			'email' => 'NA',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => 'eurekamag.com/research/003/237/003237392.php',
			'urltype' => 'absurl',
			'gotpdf' => 'no',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Potentiometric determination of chloride in parenteral and haemodialysis solutions by FIA', Il Farmaco, 1997 52(2) 127-130',
			'firstchar' => 'P',
			'twochars' => 'Po',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
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				[maximum depth reached]
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			'Keyword' => array(
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		),
		(int) 28 => array(
			'id' => '012533',
			'authors' => 'Zhang, Q.;Yu, Z.;Gao, Z.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Zhang Qing, Yu Zhenan and Gao Zhan',
			'title' => 'Ion-selective electrode - flow injection analysis for chlorine in water',
			'journal' => 'Fenxi Shiyanshi',
			'journal_id' => '0881',
			'fadid' => 'FXSS1986V0005P00014',
			'year' => '1986',
			'volume' => '5',
			'issue' => '6',
			'startpage' => '14',
			'endpage' => '16',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0597;',
			'matrices' => ';0372;',
			'techniques' => ';0290;',
			'keywords' => '',
			'abstract' => 'By using the described method 100 samples can be analyzed in 1 h; 1 &micro;L of sample is required. The working range is 3 to 100 ppm of Cl, and the detection limit is 0.1 ppm. The coefficient of variation was 1.3%. The results showed good agreement with those obtained by a chemical method.',
			'language' => 'Chinese',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '2013-10-19 04:00:00',
			'hits' => '0',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-13 17:51:10',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 200 OK',
			'pauthor_id' => null,
			'pauthor' => 'NA',
			'address' => '1) and 2) Department of Chemistry, North-East Institute of Technology and 3) Institute of Forestry and Soil Sciences, Acadimia Sinica',
			'email' => 'NA',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => 'en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTotal-FXSY198606005.htm',
			'urltype' => 'absurl',
			'gotpdf' => 'no',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Ion-selective electrode - flow injection analysis for chlorine in water', Fenxi Shiyanshi, 1986 5(6) 14-16',
			'firstchar' => 'I',
			'twochars' => 'Io',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
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				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Keyword' => array([maximum depth reached])
		),
		(int) 29 => array(
			'id' => '012793',
			'authors' => 'Gao, Z.;Lu, M.Y.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Gao Zhan; Lu Mingyuan',
			'title' => 'Flow injection analysis by ion-selective electrodes, a detachable solid membrane chloride ion-selective electrode used in the determination of chloride in soil water extracts',
			'journal' => 'Huanjing Kexue',
			'journal_id' => '0888',
			'fadid' => 'HJKX1981V0002P00376',
			'year' => '1981',
			'volume' => '2',
			'issue' => '5',
			'startpage' => '376',
			'endpage' => '380',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;',
			'matrices' => ';0363;1079;',
			'techniques' => ';0290;',
			'keywords' => ';0258;',
			'abstract' => 'The flow injection mol. determine the Cl- contents at 10^-3 - 10^-1 M in leachates with volume >10 mL with relative standard deviations 1-2%. The response potentials 50-150 mV are linearly related to Cl- concentrations <10-3 - 1 x 10^-1 M. For leachate samples containing Cl-, the method yields Cl- contents 0.12 and 0.98% compared to 0.14 and 0.92% determined by a volumetric method.',
			'language' => 'Chinese',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '2013-12-17 05:00:00',
			'hits' => '0',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-13 09:57:16',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 200 OK',
			'pauthor_id' => null,
			'pauthor' => 'NA',
			'address' => 'Inst. For. Soil, Acad. Sin, Peop. Rep. China',
			'email' => 'NA',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => 'www.hjkx.ac.cn/hjkx/ch/reader/create_pdf.aspx?file_no=19810514&flag=1&journal_id=hjkx&year_id=1981',
			'urltype' => 'pdfurl',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Flow injection analysis by ion-selective electrodes, a detachable solid membrane chloride ion-selective electrode used in the determination of chloride in soil water extracts', Huanjing Kexue, 1981 2(5) 376-380',
			'firstchar' => 'F',
			'twochars' => 'Fl',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
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				[maximum depth reached]
			),
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				[maximum depth reached]
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		),
		(int) 30 => array(
			'id' => '012954',
			'authors' => 'Ilcheva, L.;Yanakiev, R.',
			'authorsweb' => 'NA',
			'title' => 'Influence of some parameters on membrane selectivity in flow injection potentiometry',
			'journal' => 'Izv. Khim.',
			'journal_id' => '0531',
			'fadid' => 'IZPK1990V0023P00167',
			'year' => '1990',
			'volume' => '23',
			'issue' => '2',
			'startpage' => '167',
			'endpage' => '171',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;',
			'matrices' => ';0397;',
			'techniques' => ';0290;0400;',
			'keywords' => ';0399;0253;0217;0440;',
			'abstract' => 'Selectivity coefficient >1 of commercial Cl--, Br-- and NO3--selective electrodes towards various interfering species in conventional potentiometry can be considerably improved if the electrodes are used as sensors in flow injection analysis. The selectivity can be further improved by increasing the carrier-stream flow rate, decreasing the injection volume, and use of the method of standard additions. The interference from 0.6 mM Br- was thereby overcome when determining ~0.1 to 0.2 M Cl- in seawater by the flow injection technique with a Cl--selective electrode.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:11:09',
			'sjccheck' => 'No',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '0',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-27 09:10:02',
			'urlcheckcode' => '',
			'pauthor_id' => null,
			'pauthor' => 'NA',
			'address' => 'NA',
			'email' => 'NA',
			'notes' => 'NA SJC 102714',
			'url' => 'NA',
			'urltype' => 'NA',
			'gotpdf' => 'no',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Influence of some parameters on membrane selectivity in flow injection potentiometry', Izv. Khim., 1990 23(2) 167-171',
			'firstchar' => 'I',
			'twochars' => 'In',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
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				[maximum depth reached]
			),
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				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 31 => array(
			'id' => '013010',
			'authors' => 'Ylasov, Y.G.;Ermolenko, Y.E.;Popov, I.A.;El'Marug, S.Y.;Khoroshev, V.G.;Kolodnikov, V.V.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Yu. G. Vlasov, Yu. E. Ermolenko, I. A. Popov, S. Yu. El'- Marug, V. G. Khoroshev, and V. V. Kolodnikov',
			'title' => 'Flow injection analysis of natural waters with a chloride-selective electrode',
			'journal' => 'J. Anal. Chem.',
			'journal_id' => '0798',
			'fadid' => 'JACU1997V0052P00081',
			'year' => '1997',
			'volume' => '52',
			'issue' => '1',
			'startpage' => '81',
			'endpage' => '84',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;',
			'matrices' => ';0372;',
			'techniques' => ';0290;',
			'keywords' => ';0043;',
			'abstract' => 'A chloride ISE with polycrystalline membranes based on AgCl and Ag2S (USSR Inventor's Certificate No. 630576, Byull. Izobret., 1977, number 40) was used in conjunction with a AgCl2 EVL-IM3 reference electrode for the FIA of water samples (0.5-2 ml). The carrier was 0.01 M KNO3 and the volume of the electrode cell was 0.5 mL. At the optimal flow rate (25 ml/min) the detection limit was 20 &micro;M-chloride. The method was applicable to the determination of 1-350 mg/l chloride. RSD were 3-8%.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:11:09',
			'sjccheck' => 'No',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '14',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-23 18:46:04',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Object moved',
			'pauthor_id' => null,
			'pauthor' => 'NA',
			'address' => 'St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab. 7/9, St. Petersburg, 199034 Russia',
			'email' => 'NA',
			'notes' => 'Not available on springer',
			'url' => 'elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=13258010',
			'urltype' => 'absurl',
			'gotpdf' => 'no',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Flow injection analysis of natural waters with a chloride-selective electrode', J. Anal. Chem., 1997 52(1) 81-84',
			'firstchar' => 'F',
			'twochars' => 'Fl',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
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				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 32 => array(
			'id' => '013023',
			'authors' => 'Gur'ev, I.A.;Kuleshova, N.V.',
			'authorsweb' => 'I. A. Gur'ev and N. V. Kuleshova',
			'title' => 'Sorption preconcentration and flow injection determination of cadmium',
			'journal' => 'J. Anal. Chem.',
			'journal_id' => '0798',
			'fadid' => 'JACU1998V0053P00796',
			'year' => '1998',
			'volume' => '53',
			'issue' => '9',
			'startpage' => '796',
			'endpage' => '799',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0478;',
			'matrices' => '',
			'techniques' => ';0290;0303;0400;',
			'keywords' => ';0212;0089;0398;',
			'abstract' => 'A procedure for the flow injection determination of Cd traces in aqueous solutions was developed. The procedure is based on the use of ion-selective electrodes sensitive to chloride or iodide complexes of Cd. Sorption pre-concentration simultaneously transforms Cd to anal. active species, it decreases the limit of detection, and improves the selectivity of determination.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:11:09',
			'sjccheck' => 'No',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '15',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-23 18:49:51',
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			'pauthor_id' => null,
			'pauthor' => 'NA',
			'address' => 'Chemistry Department, Nizhni-Novgorod State University, prosp. Gagarina 23, 603600, Nizhni Novgorod, Russia',
			'email' => 'NA',
			'notes' => 'Not available on springer',
			'url' => 'elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=13280948',
			'urltype' => 'absurl',
			'gotpdf' => 'no',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Sorption preconcentration and flow injection determination of cadmium', J. Anal. Chem., 1998 53(9) 796-799',
			'firstchar' => 'S',
			'twochars' => 'So',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
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			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
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				[maximum depth reached]
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		),
		(int) 33 => array(
			'id' => '013445',
			'authors' => 'Sakai, A.;Asano, Y.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Aki Sakai and Yasukazu Asano',
			'title' => 'Flow injection analysis of chloride by use of a flow-through type chloride ion-selective electrode and correlation with JIS method',
			'journal' => 'J. Flow Injection Anal.',
			'journal_id' => '0776',
			'fadid' => 'JFIA1989V0006P00144',
			'year' => '1989',
			'volume' => '6',
			'issue' => '2',
			'startpage' => '144',
			'endpage' => '150',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;',
			'matrices' => ';1069;',
			'techniques' => ';0290;',
			'keywords' => ';0217;0258;0441;',
			'abstract' => 'Sample (75 &micro;L) is injected into a carrier stream (0.9 mL min-1) of water and mixed with the reagent stream (0.9 mL min-1) containing 0.2 M Na acetate, 0.05 M KNO3 and 10 &micro;M-KCl with detection at a flow-through type Cl ion-selective electrode. The calibration graph was rectilinear from 1 to 10 mg L-1 of Cl-; detection limit was 0.1 mg l-1. The coefficient of variation were 0.85% and 0.13% for 1 and 10 mg L-1 of Cl-, respectively. Tolerance levels of Br-, I- and SO42- were 0.3, 0.8 and 0.1 mg l-1, respectively. Sampling rate was 30 samples h-1. Results obtained correlated well with those of the JIS method. The method was applied in the analysis of tap water.',
			'language' => 'Japanese',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'No',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '0',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-13 13:25:54',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 200 OK',
			'pauthor_id' => '00840',
			'pauthor' => '!Asano, Y.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => 'aitech.ac.jp/~jafia/english/jfia/contents/6_2/JFIA1989V0006P00144.pdf',
			'urltype' => 'pdfurl',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Flow injection analysis of chloride by use of a flow-through type chloride ion-selective electrode and correlation with JIS method', J. Flow Injection Anal., 1989 6(2) 144-150',
			'firstchar' => 'F',
			'twochars' => 'Fl',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
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		(int) 34 => array(
			'id' => '013654',
			'authors' => 'Furuya, H.;Nakayama, K.',
			'authorsweb' => 'NA',
			'title' => 'Flow injection analysis of chloride ion in water using ion-selective electrode',
			'journal' => 'J. Jpn. Water Works Assoc.',
			'journal_id' => '1278',
			'fadid' => 'JJWW1983V0052P00051',
			'year' => '1983',
			'volume' => '52',
			'issue' => '4',
			'startpage' => '51',
			'endpage' => '54',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;',
			'matrices' => ';1079;',
			'techniques' => ';0290;',
			'keywords' => ';0460;0351;',
			'abstract' => 'NA',
			'language' => 'Japanese',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '2006-08-24 17:34:13',
			'hits' => '0',
			'urlcheck' => '2006-05-20 19:17:48',
			'urlcheckcode' => '',
			'pauthor_id' => null,
			'pauthor' => 'NA',
			'address' => 'NA',
			'email' => 'NA',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => 'NA',
			'urltype' => 'NA',
			'gotpdf' => 'no',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Flow injection analysis of chloride ion in water using ion-selective electrode', J. Jpn. Water Works Assoc., 1983 52(4) 51-54',
			'firstchar' => 'F',
			'twochars' => 'Fl',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
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				[maximum depth reached]
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				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 35 => array(
			'id' => '014437',
			'authors' => 'Weker, W.;Trojanowicz, M.A.',
			'authorsweb' => 'W?adys?aw Weker and Marek Trojanowicz',
			'title' => 'Application of flow injection analysis for the determination of chloride extracted from corroded iron artifacts',
			'journal' => 'Stud. Conserv.',
			'journal_id' => '1418',
			'fadid' => 'SCON1987V0032P00086',
			'year' => '1987',
			'volume' => '32',
			'issue' => '2',
			'startpage' => '86',
			'endpage' => '90',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;',
			'matrices' => ';0621;',
			'techniques' => ';0400;0290;',
			'keywords' => ';0302;',
			'abstract' => 'Mediaeval iron rivets were immersed in a bath of 0.05 M NaOH - 0.5 M Na2SO4 at 64&deg;C. The extracted Cl- was determined in a system (illustrated) in which the flow-through component was arranged in a two-line configuration and contained the indicating Cl--sensitive electrode and a constant-potential reference electrode. A calibration graph, prepared by using standard solution containing 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200 or 500 ppm of Cl- and different amounts of NaOH and Na2SO4, was rectilinear for >30 ppm of Cl-, but determinations of 5 to 30 ppm of Cl- by using the curved part of the graph could also be achieved. Fifty samples could be analyzed in 1 h under optimum conditions.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'No',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '35',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 00:29:19',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '00320',
			'pauthor' => '!Trojanowicz, M.A.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.2307/1506296',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Application of flow injection analysis for the determination of chloride extracted from corroded iron artifacts', Stud. Conserv., 1987 32(2) 86-90',
			'firstchar' => 'A',
			'twochars' => 'Ap',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
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			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
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			),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 36 => array(
			'id' => '014733',
			'authors' => 'Gur'ev, I.A.;Zyuzina, L.F.;Rusyaeva, Y.I.',
			'authorsweb' => 'NA',
			'title' => 'Ionometric determination of zinc in alloys',
			'journal' => 'Zavod. Lab.',
			'journal_id' => '0770',
			'fadid' => 'ZSLB1996V0062P00016',
			'year' => '1996',
			'volume' => '62',
			'issue' => '8',
			'startpage' => '16',
			'endpage' => '17',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';2529;',
			'matrices' => ';0057;0339;',
			'techniques' => ';0272;0290;',
			'keywords' => ';0212;0086;',
			'abstract' => 'Alloy (3 g) was dissolved in 1:1 HNO3 and made up to 50 mL with water. A 1 mL portion of the solution was diluted with water to 100 mL. Then 10 mL of this solution was passed through a sorption column at 9 ml/min. The sorbed Zn was eluted with 5 mL 1 M KCl at 2 ml/min. A standard solution of zinc salt with a concentration of 6.6 mM, the eluate and a standard solution with a concentration of 6.6 mM were introduced consecutively into a FIA system with a chloride ISE based on tetradecylammonium chloride as indicator electrode for the ionometric determination of Zn. To analyze Ag solder, 1 g alloy was dissolved in 1:1 HNO3 and made up to 25 mL with water. A 3 mL portion of the solution was mixed with 1 mL 1 mM KCl. The sediment was filtered out and the filtrate and washing water were mixed with 30 mL 1 M KCl and made up to 100 mL with water. Of this 20 mL was passed through an ion-exchange column. The sorbed Zn ions were eluted with 5 mL 1 M KCl. Flow injection determination of Zn was carried out as above. The method was used to determine Zn in brasses and Ag solders. RSD did not exceed 6%. The detection limit was 2.2 mM Zn ions.',
			'language' => 'Russian',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'No',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '0',
			'urlcheck' => '2006-05-20 19:29:51',
			'urlcheckcode' => '',
			'pauthor_id' => null,
			'pauthor' => 'NA',
			'address' => 'NA',
			'email' => 'NA',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => 'NA',
			'urltype' => 'NA',
			'gotpdf' => 'no',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Ionometric determination of zinc in alloys', Zavod. Lab., 1996 62(8) 16-17',
			'firstchar' => 'I',
			'twochars' => 'Io',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
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				[maximum depth reached]
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)
$c = array(
	'id' => '005877',
	'authors' => 'Hauser, P.C.',
	'authorsweb' => 'Peter C. Hauser*',
	'title' => 'Trioctyltin chloride as carrier for a chloride-selective electrode in flow injection potentiometry',
	'journal' => 'Anal. Chim. Acta',
	'journal_id' => '0584',
	'fadid' => 'ANCA1993V0278P00227',
	'year' => '1993',
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"Differential Flow Injection Potentiometry"
Anal. Chim. Acta 1995 Volume 311, Issue 2 Pages 175-181

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		'abstract' => 'Flow injection potentiometric methods using two different ISE placed in series are described for the simultaneous determination of (i) nitrate and chloride and (ii) nitrate and ammonium. The flow injection manifold for the determination of nitrate and chloride consisted of a nitrate ISE separated from a chloride ISE by a reaction coil of 254 cm x 0.51 mm i.d. A sample volume of 60 &micro;L was injected into a 0.04 M Na2SO4 carrier stream (6.3 ml/min). The nitrate concentration was determined using the chloride ISE as a reference electrode and vice versa. The RSD (n = 13) for the determination of 0.1 mM nitrate and 1 mM chloride were 1.1 and 0.9%, respectively. A similar manifold is described for the determination of nitrate and ammonium using nitrate and ammonium ISE separated by a reaction coil of 284 cm x 0.51 mm i.d. The RSD (n = 12) for the determination of nitrate and ammonium in waste water from a urea production plant were 1.1 and 0.9%, respectively.',
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			'authorsweb' => 'A. Andrade-Eiroa, J. A. Erustes, R. Forteza, V. Cerd&aacute; and J. L. F. C. Lima',
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			'abstract' => 'This paper reports for the first time a multisyringe flow injection analysis (MSFIA) method with potentiometric detection for the automated determination of chloride in waters. The methodology developed was applied to the determination of chloride in mineral, tap and waste waters and the results achieved were compared with those obtained by a potentiometric sequential injection analysis (SIA) method reported in the literature. When Mohr titration was carried out for validating the results offered by both techniques, no significant differences were found. The linear ranges were between 6 and 3500 &micro;g L-1 for MSFIA and 10 and 3500 mg L-1 for SIA; the UPAC limits of detection were 2.7 mg L-1 for MSFIA and 1.6 mg L-1 for SIA; reproducibility was ~0.8% for MSFIA and 0.4% for SIA and, sampling rates were of 30 and 15 injections h-1 for MSFIA and SIA, respectively. These results provide evidence of superior performance of MSFIA over SIA for the determination of chloride. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.',
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			'abstract' => 'A simple antilog. converter based on an antilog. amplifier is described. In potentiometric measurements it produced an output voltage which depended rectilinearly on the concentration. of the sensed species over two orders of magnitude. Signals obtained in measurements with Cl-, F-, K+ and Cu(II) ion-selective electrodes ranged from 1.0 to 10.0 V. The converter was used for flow injection potentiometry within one concentration. decade, but its sensitivity depended on the dispersion in the flow system.',
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			'abstract' => 'A comparative study has been made of the response times of coated open-tubular Ag membrane electrodes selective towards Cl-, Br- or I- (cf. Ibid., 1986, 179, 407) as they affect the throughput of flow injection analysis systems. The tubular indicator electrodes were used in conjunction with an Orion 90-02 double-junction reference electrode with 10% KNO3 solution in its outer chamber. The digitized signals were smoothed by applying the DS (data sets) Cat and Smooth operations of the ASYST software; typical background-corrected graphs for the flow injection measurement of halides (10 to 5000 mg l-1) are reproduced. Examination of the leading edges of the various peaks showed that their rate of response was independent of concentration. and did not significantly decrease the sampling rate, although the response of the Br- electrode at the initial peak-formation stages near the baseline was slightly slower than that of the others. The rate of response of the trailing edges was mainly responsible for the sampling rate in an optimized flow injection system, and the I- electrode showed a memory effect, which was largely responsible for the low sampling rate of this system compared with similar systems with the other two electrodes. The contribution of the memory effect or response time phenomena of coated open-tubular solid state chloride-, bromide-, and iodide-selective electrodes on the anal. output in flow injection systems are presented for concentration. ranges between 10 and 5000 mg L-1. The rate of response for the leading edges of all three electrodes due to electrode properties are independent of concentration. and do not contribute significantly to any decrease in sampling rate, although the rate of response of the bromide-selective electrode flow injection analysis (FIA) system seems to be slightly slower than the other two electrode systems at the initial peak-formation stages near the base line. The rate of response for the tailing edges of the different electrodes due to electrode properties is mainly responsible for the sampling rate obtained in an optimized FIA-ISE system. The memory effect of the iodide-selective electrode is mainly responsible for the fact that the sampling rate of this system is very much lower than the sampling rate obtained for similar systems with the other two electrodes. For the bromide-selective electrode system, the slower rate of response due to electrode properties at the tailing edges (especially with high concentrations of bromide) than that of the chloride-selective electrode, contributes mainly to a lower sampling output for the bromide-selective electrode-FIA system when compared with the chloride electrode system.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '6',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 16:06:13',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '00328',
			'pauthor' => '!Van Staden, J.F.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1016/0003-2670(92)80217-U',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Response time phenomena of coated open-tubular solid-state silver halide-selective electrodes and their influence on sample dispersion in flow injection analysis', Anal. Chim. Acta, 1992 261(1-2) 381-390',
			'firstchar' => 'R',
			'twochars' => 'Re',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 5 => array(
			'id' => '005877',
			'authors' => 'Hauser, P.C.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Peter C. Hauser*',
			'title' => 'Trioctyltin chloride as carrier for a chloride-selective electrode in flow injection potentiometry',
			'journal' => 'Anal. Chim. Acta',
			'journal_id' => '0584',
			'fadid' => 'ANCA1993V0278P00227',
			'year' => '1993',
			'volume' => '278',
			'issue' => '2',
			'startpage' => '227',
			'endpage' => '232',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;',
			'matrices' => '',
			'techniques' => ';0400;0290;',
			'keywords' => '',
			'abstract' => 'Trioctyltin chloride was dissolved in THF with bis-(1-butylpentyl)adipate and PVC, then an ISE was constructed with the membrane solution and a Ag wire. The ISE was incorporated into a flow injection cell [cf. Analyst (London), 1988, 113, 1551] and FIA was carried out to determine chloride concentration. in standard solution The inherent instability of the trioctyltin chloride was eliminated in the flow injection mode. Calibration graphs were rectilinear from 1-100 mM chloride and the detection limit was 0.1 mM; no RSD is given.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '6',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 16:09:29',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '01004',
			'pauthor' => '!Hauser, P.C.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1016/0003-2670(93)85103-Q',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Trioctyltin chloride as carrier for a chloride-selective electrode in flow injection potentiometry', Anal. Chim. Acta, 1993 278(2) 227-232',
			'firstchar' => 'T',
			'twochars' => 'Tr',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]),
			'Keyword' => array([maximum depth reached])
		),
		(int) 6 => array(
			'id' => '006206',
			'authors' => 'Rizov, I.;Ilcheva, L.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Ivelin Rizov* and Liliana Ilcheva',
			'title' => 'Differential flow injection potentiometry',
			'journal' => 'Anal. Chim. Acta',
			'journal_id' => '0584',
			'fadid' => 'ANCA1995V0311P00175',
			'year' => '1995',
			'volume' => '311',
			'issue' => '2',
			'startpage' => '175',
			'endpage' => '181',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0205;0594;1588;',
			'matrices' => ';0630;1061;',
			'techniques' => ';0290;0312;0274;0400;',
			'keywords' => ';0130;',
			'abstract' => 'Flow injection potentiometric methods using two different ISE placed in series are described for the simultaneous determination of (i) nitrate and chloride and (ii) nitrate and ammonium. The flow injection manifold for the determination of nitrate and chloride consisted of a nitrate ISE separated from a chloride ISE by a reaction coil of 254 cm x 0.51 mm i.d. A sample volume of 60 &micro;L was injected into a 0.04 M Na2SO4 carrier stream (6.3 ml/min). The nitrate concentration was determined using the chloride ISE as a reference electrode and vice versa. The RSD (n = 13) for the determination of 0.1 mM nitrate and 1 mM chloride were 1.1 and 0.9%, respectively. A similar manifold is described for the determination of nitrate and ammonium using nitrate and ammonium ISE separated by a reaction coil of 284 cm x 0.51 mm i.d. The RSD (n = 12) for the determination of nitrate and ammonium in waste water from a urea production plant were 1.1 and 0.9%, respectively.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '14',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 16:17:25',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => null,
			'pauthor' => 'Rizov, I.',
			'address' => 'Department of Analytical Chemistry, Higher Institute of Chemical Technology, 8 Kl. Ochridsky Str., 1756, Sofia, Bulgaria',
			'email' => 'NA',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1016/0003-2670(95)00187-5',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Differential flow injection potentiometry', Anal. Chim. Acta, 1995 311(2) 175-181',
			'firstchar' => 'D',
			'twochars' => 'Di',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Matrix' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 7 => array(
			'id' => '006911',
			'authors' => 'Krawczynski Vel Krawczyk, T.;Szostek, B.;Trojanowicz, M.A.',
			'authorsweb' => 'T. Krawczyski vel Krawczyk, B. Szostek and M. Trojanowicz  ',
			'title' => 'Oxidative removal of interferences in flow injection potentiometric determination of chloride',
			'journal' => 'Talanta',
			'journal_id' => '0569',
			'fadid' => 'TALT1989V0036P00811',
			'year' => '1989',
			'volume' => '36',
			'issue' => '8',
			'startpage' => '811',
			'endpage' => '815',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;',
			'matrices' => '',
			'techniques' => ';0400;0290;',
			'keywords' => ';0217;',
			'abstract' => 'The flow injection system consisted of a multi-channel peristaltic pump, a laboratory-built rotary injection valve with an exchangeable sample loop, a constant-temp. delay coil and a large-volume wall-jet cell. Chloride-sensing electrodes (Ag - AgCl and AgCl - Ag2S membrane) were used in conjunction with an Orion 90-02 double-junction reference electrode. With 0.1 M KBrO3 in 1 M HNO3 as the carrier solution, direct potentiometric determination of Cl- in the presence of excess of Br-, I-, S2- and CN- could be carried out at a max. sampling rate of 120 h-1. Calibration graphs were rectilinear from 10 to 1000 ppm of Cl-, and the coefficient of variation for Br--to-Cl- wt. ratios of 1:1, 1:10 and 25:1 were 1.5, 0.2 and 0.5%, respectively.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '60',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 14:55:16',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '00320',
			'pauthor' => '!Trojanowicz, M.A.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1016/0039-9140(89)80159-6',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Oxidative removal of interferences in flow injection potentiometric determination of chloride', Talanta, 1989 36(8) 811-815',
			'firstchar' => 'O',
			'twochars' => 'Ox',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 8 => array(
			'id' => '006998',
			'authors' => 'Najib, F.M.;Othman, S.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Fadhil M. Najib* and Shireen Othman,  ',
			'title' => 'Simultaneous determination of chloride, bromide, iodide and fluoride with flow injection - ion-selective electrode systems',
			'journal' => 'Talanta',
			'journal_id' => '0569',
			'fadid' => 'TALT1992V0039P01259',
			'year' => '1992',
			'volume' => '39',
			'issue' => '10',
			'startpage' => '1259',
			'endpage' => '1267',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;0451;1275;0982;',
			'matrices' => ';0372;',
			'techniques' => ';0283;0290;0298;0303;',
			'keywords' => ';0258;0320;0217;',
			'abstract' => 'Electrodes for Cl-, Br- and I- were constructed (preparation described) from Ag2 - AgCl or AgBr (1:1) and Ag2S - AgI (1:3); for F- a commercial electrode was used. By combining the electrodes and suppressor columns of AgCl and amalgamated Pb, the ions were simultaneously determined in a carrier stream (0.5 mL min-1) of e.g. 0.1 M HClO4 at pH 4.0. The calibration graphs were rectilinear down to 100, 5, 1 and 5 &micro;M for Cl-, Br-, I- and F-, respectively. The reproducibility was 1% for the determination of the halides in eight water samples, the results agreed well with those obtained by three reference methods. Flow-through ion-selective electrodes were constructed from compressed pellets (8-10 mm thick, 13 mm diameter, 10 tons/cm2 pressure) of Ag2S/AgX (X = Cl-, Br- or I-) drilled longitudinally (1.5 mm diameter hole) to be suitable for use in flow injection analysis. A column of AgCl (5.5 cm long, 2-3 mm internal diameter) was included in the Cl- electrode manifold to remove interferences from 10^-4 M Br- and 3 x 10^-5 M I- and S2-. A column of amalgamated lead (2-3 cm long, 2-3 mm internal diameter) was used in the Br--electrode manifold to remove interference from 2 x 10^-5 M I-, 3 x 10^-5 M S2- and 7 x 10^-4 M Cl-. These columns and the addition of ascorbic acid were not required when I- was determined with the iodide electrode. The carrier stream was 0.1 M sodium perchlorate (pH 4) at a flow-rate of 0.5 mL/min. The sample pH could be 4-7. Simultaneous determination of Cl- and I-, Cl-, I- and Br-, and Cl-, I-, Br- and F- ions was possible with combinations of the corresponding electrodes and columns in series and/or parallel in specially designed manifolds. Calibration plots were linear, with almost theoretical slopes, down to 10^-6 M I-, 5 x 10^-6 M Br-, 10^-4 M Cl- and 5 x 10^-6 M F-, with precision better than 1%. Sampling rates for single-ion determinations were 72, 102, 90 and 80 per h for the one-, two-, three- and four-electrode systems respectively. Determinations of these ions in water samples by the recommended procedure and by established batch methods showed no significant difference at the 95% confidence limits in a paired comparison t-test.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '28',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 14:59:47',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => null,
			'pauthor' => 'Najib, F.M.',
			'address' => 'Department of Chemistry, University of Salahaddin, Arbil, Iraq',
			'email' => 'NA',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1016/0039-9140(92)80234-5',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Simultaneous determination of chloride, bromide, iodide and fluoride with flow injection - ion-selective electrode systems', Talanta, 1992 39(10) 1259-1267',
			'firstchar' => 'S',
			'twochars' => 'Si',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Matrix' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 9 => array(
			'id' => '007402',
			'authors' => 'Midgley, D.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Derek Midgley',
			'title' => 'Determination of chloride and fluoride in boronated water',
			'journal' => 'Analyst',
			'journal_id' => '0864',
			'fadid' => 'ANAL1985V0110P00841',
			'year' => '1985',
			'volume' => '110',
			'issue' => '7',
			'startpage' => '841',
			'endpage' => '845',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;0982;',
			'matrices' => ';1068;',
			'techniques' => ';0290;0298;0400;',
			'keywords' => '',
			'abstract' => 'The performance of chloride-and fluoride-selective electrodes in boronated waters, typical of a pressurised water reactor (PWR) primary coolant, has been investigated. The precision and sensitivity of the mercury(I) chloride-mercury(II) sulphide membrane electrode were unaffected by the boric acid medium and the electrode was adequate for measurements below the specified limit of 150-200 &micro;g l-1 of chloride. Measurements of fluoride concentration in the range 25-250 &micro;g l-1 were straightforward, with a relative standard deviation of about 2%. The lanthanum fluoride membrane electrode can, therefore, be used to check that PWR primary coolant is within the specified limit of 150 &micro;g l-1. The boric acid in the sample causes a bias in direct potentiometry for fluoride, but this can be corrected by a simple mathematical equation. Alternatively, the bias can be avoided by the use of known addition potentiometry. Fluoride electrodes deviate from the theoretical sensitivity below a concentration of about 25 &micro;g l-1, but still have ample sensitivity down to 1 &micro;g l-1. In this concentration range, however, the response is very slow, taking 40-120 min to reach equilibrium and there is considerable variation between individual electrodes.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '8',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 00:01:01',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => null,
			'pauthor' => 'Midgley, D.',
			'address' => 'NA',
			'email' => 'NA',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1039/an9851000841',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Determination of chloride and fluoride in boronated water', Analyst, 1985 110(7) 841-845',
			'firstchar' => 'D',
			'twochars' => 'De',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Matrix' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Keyword' => array([maximum depth reached])
		),
		(int) 10 => array(
			'id' => '007424',
			'authors' => 'Van Staden, J.F.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Jacobus F. van Staden',
			'title' => 'Electrodes in series. Simultaneous flow injection determination of chloride and pH with ion-selective electrodes',
			'journal' => 'Analyst',
			'journal_id' => '0864',
			'fadid' => 'ANAL1986V0111P01231',
			'year' => '1986',
			'volume' => '111',
			'issue' => '11',
			'startpage' => '1231',
			'endpage' => '1234',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;1780;',
			'matrices' => '',
			'techniques' => ';0181;0224;0290;0400;',
			'keywords' => ';0420;',
			'abstract' => 'A tubular flow-through Cl--selective cell (cf. Anal. Chim. Acta, 1986, 179, 407) and a micro-combination pH electrode and double-junction reference electrode with 10% KNO3 solution as the outer chamber filling solution were incorporated in series into a flow injection system. Aliquots (30 &micro;L) of solution (pH 3 to 10) containing 0.02 to 5.0 g L-1 of NaCl were injected at a rate of 60 samples h-1 into ionic-strength adjustment buffer (pH 7.6) containing 0.5 M KNO3 and 10 mM NaH2PO4. Rectilinear calibration graphs were achieved across the pH range, and the Cl- concentration. had no effect on pH measurement. Standard deviations of <1.5% for Cl- and 1% for pH measurement were achieved with the system.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '7',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 00:01:45',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '00328',
			'pauthor' => '!Van Staden, J.F.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1039/an9861101231',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Electrodes in series. Simultaneous flow injection determination of chloride and pH with ion-selective electrodes', Analyst, 1986 111(11) 1231-1234',
			'firstchar' => 'E',
			'twochars' => 'El',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 11 => array(
			'id' => '007498',
			'authors' => 'Hauser, P.C.;Tan, S.S.;Cardwell, T.J.;Cattrall, R.W.;Hamilton, I.C.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Peter C. Hauser, Susie S. Tan, Terence J. Cardwell, Robert W. Cattrall and Ian C. Hamilton',
			'title' => 'Versatile manifold for the simultaneous determination of ions in flow injection analysis',
			'journal' => 'Analyst',
			'journal_id' => '0864',
			'fadid' => 'ANAL1988V0113P01551',
			'year' => '1988',
			'volume' => '113',
			'issue' => '10',
			'startpage' => '1551',
			'endpage' => '1555',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';1936;0485;0205;0594;1588;1841;',
			'matrices' => ';0325;',
			'techniques' => ';0285;0290;0312;0322;0400;0493;',
			'keywords' => ';0173;0420;',
			'abstract' => 'A flow injection analysis system is described for the simultaneous determination in plant nutrient solution of K+, Ca(II), NO3- and Cl- by potentiometry, and NH4+ and PO43- by spectrophotometry. Diagrams of the manifold and the spectrophotometric transducer are given. Potentiometric measurements were made with PVC-based ion-selective membranes; the carrier stream was 0.2 M Na acetate buffer. Ammonium ion was determined by the gas diffusion method with use of cresol red and thymol blue. Absorbance was measured at 605 nm. The calibration graph covered the range from 0.5 to 25 mg L-1 as N. Phosphate was determined by the molybdenum blue method, with absorbance measurement at 820 nm; the calibration graph covered the range from 0.5 to 25 mg l-1. Results agreed well with expected values.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '14',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 00:03:52',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '00071',
			'pauthor' => '!Cardwell, T.J.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1039/an9881301551',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Versatile manifold for the simultaneous determination of ions in flow injection analysis', Analyst, 1988 113(10) 1551-1555',
			'firstchar' => 'V',
			'twochars' => 'Ve',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Matrix' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 12 => array(
			'id' => '007551',
			'authors' => 'Hara, H.;Mitani, O.;Okazaki, S.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Hirokazu Hara, Osamu Mitani and Satoshi Okazaki',
			'title' => 'Alternate sample/standard exchange method using a pair of identical ion-selective electrodes for the improvement of precision in an automated potentiometric analysis system',
			'journal' => 'Analyst',
			'journal_id' => '0864',
			'fadid' => 'ANAL1989V0114P00923',
			'year' => '1989',
			'volume' => '114',
			'issue' => '8',
			'startpage' => '923',
			'endpage' => '927',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => '',
			'matrices' => '',
			'techniques' => ';0400;0290;0312;',
			'keywords' => ';0044;',
			'abstract' => 'The use of an automated potentiometric analysis system with a pair of identical ion-selective electrodes as the detector is described. The sample and standard solutions were introduced simultaneously into the flow cell, which was equipped with a pair of identical ion-selective electrodes. The sample and standard streams were then exchanged with each other by using a four-way valve controlled by a microcomputer. The potential difference between the two electrodes was measured before and after switching of the four-way valve. Hence the effect of the potential shift of the ion-selective electrodes could theoretically be cancelled. The characteristics of the system were investigated by using nitrate or chloride ion-selective electrode pairs. A precision of <1% was achieved for five successive measurements when the sample concentration was close to that of the base standard solution.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '2',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 00:04:26',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => null,
			'pauthor' => 'NA',
			'address' => 'NA',
			'email' => 'NA',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1039/an9891400923',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Alternate sample/standard exchange method using a pair of identical ion-selective electrodes for the improvement of precision in an automated potentiometric analysis system', Analyst, 1989 114(8) 923-927',
			'firstchar' => 'A',
			'twochars' => 'Al',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
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			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 13 => array(
			'id' => '007648',
			'authors' => 'Van Staden, J.F.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Jacobus F. van Staden',
			'title' => 'Comparison of the influence and contribution of the response times of coated open-tubular solid-state bromide- and chloride-selective electrodes on the analytical throughput (dispersion) in flow injection systems',
			'journal' => 'Analyst',
			'journal_id' => '0864',
			'fadid' => 'ANAL1992V0117P00051',
			'year' => '1992',
			'volume' => '117',
			'issue' => '1',
			'startpage' => '51',
			'endpage' => '56',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => '',
			'matrices' => '',
			'techniques' => ';0283;0290;',
			'keywords' => ';0302;0119;',
			'abstract' => 'The cited study was performed for 10 to 5000 mg L-1 of Br- and Cl-. For both electrodes the adsorption rate is independent of concentration. and does not contribute significantly to any decrease in the sampling rate, although the adsorption rate of the Cl-selective electrode in the system is slightly faster than the Br system. For both electrodes the desorption process is mainly responsible for the sampling rate obtained in an optimized flow injection ion-selective electrode system. An electrode memory of the Br-selective electrode is the main reason for the sampling rate of this system being lower than that obtained for a similar flow injection system with a Cl-selective electrode. An evaluation of the influence and contribution of the response times of coated open-tubular solid-state bromide- and chloride-selective electrodes on the anal. throughput (dispersion) in flow injection (FI) systems is presented using concentration ranges of 10^-5000 mg L-1 for bromide and chloride, respectively. For both electrodes the adsorption rate is independent of concentration. and does not contribute significantly to any decrease in the sampling rate, although the adsorption rate of the chloride-selective electrode in the FI system seems to be slightly faster than the bromide system. For both electrodes the desorption mechanism process is mainly responsible for the sampling rate obtained in an optimized FI-ion-selective electrode system. An electrode memory of the bromide-selective electrode is the main reason for the sampling rate of this system being lower than that obtained for a similar FI system with a chloride-selective electrode.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '4',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 08:32:27',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '00328',
			'pauthor' => '!Van Staden, J.F.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1039/an9921700051',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Comparison of the influence and contribution of the response times of coated open-tubular solid-state bromide- and chloride-selective electrodes on the analytical throughput (dispersion) in flow injection systems', Analyst, 1992 117(1) 51-56',
			'firstchar' => 'C',
			'twochars' => 'Co',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array([maximum depth reached]),
			'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 14 => array(
			'id' => '007890',
			'authors' => 'Ferreira, I.M.P.L.V.O.;Lima, J.L.F.C.;Montenegro, M.C.B.S.M.;Perez Olmos, R.;Rios, A.',
			'authorsweb' => 'I. M. P. L. V. O. Ferreira, J. L. F. C. Lima, M. C. B. S. M. Montenegro, R. P&eacute;rez Olmos and A. Rios',
			'title' => 'Simultaneous assay of nitrite, nitrate and chloride in meat products by a flow injection method',
			'journal' => 'Analyst',
			'journal_id' => '0864',
			'fadid' => 'ANAL1996V0121P01393',
			'year' => '1996',
			'volume' => '121',
			'issue' => '10',
			'startpage' => '1393',
			'endpage' => '1396',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;1588;1592;',
			'matrices' => ';0715;0723;',
			'techniques' => ';0400;0290;0224;',
			'keywords' => ';0379;0054;0393;',
			'abstract' => 'Sample was homogenized and extracted with hot water and the extract was purified and filtered. A portion (100 &micro;L) of the filtrate was injected into a carrier stream (2.9 ml/min) of 50 mM Na2SO4/0.02 mM NaCl of a flow injection manifold (schematic shown). Chloride (I) was determined potentiometrically a tubular ISE (cf. Ferreira et al., Fresenius' J. Anal. Chem., 1993, 374, 314). The carrier was mixed with a buffer stream (0.5 ml/min) of NH4Cl/sodium tetraborate/Na2EDTA and split into two. One stream passed through a Cd/Cu column to reduce nitrate (II) to nitrite (III). The two streams subsequently passed through a confluence point and were mixed a reagent stream (1 ml/min) of acidified sulfanilamide/N-(1-naphthyl)ethylenediamine dihydrochloride and the absorbance was measured (wavelength not given). As each channel had a different residence time, two peaks were obtained, one for nitrite III and one for total N: II was measured by difference. The calibration graphs were linear from 0.01-0.1 M I, up to 104 ppm II and from 0.03-0.2 ppm III. RSD (n = 10) were 2.5, 0.7 and 1.1%, respectively, for I, II and III.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '12',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 09:30:58',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => null,
			'pauthor' => 'NA',
			'address' => 'NA',
			'email' => 'NA',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1039/an9962101393',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Simultaneous assay of nitrite, nitrate and chloride in meat products by a flow injection method', Analyst, 1996 121(10) 1393-1396',
			'firstchar' => 'S',
			'twochars' => 'Si',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
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				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 15 => array(
			'id' => '007971',
			'authors' => 'Alvares Ribeiro, L.M.B.C.;Machado, A.A.S.C.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Luis M. B. C. &Aacute;lvares-Ribeiro and Ad&eacute;lio A. S. C. Machado',
			'title' => 'Optimization of a bipotentiometric flow injection analysis system for simultaneous determination of calcium and chloride ions in natural waters',
			'journal' => 'Analyst',
			'journal_id' => '0864',
			'fadid' => 'ANAL1998V0123P00653',
			'year' => '1998',
			'volume' => '123',
			'issue' => '4',
			'startpage' => '653',
			'endpage' => '659',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0485;0594;',
			'matrices' => ';0372;',
			'techniques' => ';0017;0285;0290;',
			'keywords' => ';0418;0302;0441;0258;0217;',
			'abstract' => 'Experimental optimization using the modified simplex method of a bipotentiometric flow injection analysis (FIA) system, constituted by two different ion selective electrodes (ISE) placed in series, for the simultaneous determination of Ca2+ and Cl- in water is reported. The response function used was a weighted linear combination of three variables, chosen to achieve maximization of the Ca2+ electrode sensitivity, minimization of the interference of the Ca2+ signal on the Cl- response, and maximization of the sampling rate. The optimized system can determine Ca2+ from 5 x 10^-5 to 5 x 10^-3 mol/L with a sensitivity of ~27 mV/decade and Cl- from 2 x 10^-4 to 2 x 10^-2 mol/L (the max. value tested), with a sensitivity of ~55 mV/decade. Repeatability was 1.9 and 0.6%, respectively, at 2 x 10^-4 and 2.2 x 10^-3 mol/L (8 and 90 mg/L), for Ca2+ determinations, and 1.8 and 1.2%, respectively, at 3.4 x 10^-4 and 8.3 x 10^-4 mol/L (12 and 29 mg/L), for Cl- determinations A sampling rate of 40/h was obtained. The affect of ionic strength on the results is discussed. The relative accuracy of the bipotentiometric FIA system was demonstrated by determining the content of both ions in natural water in parallel with ASTM certified methods.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '11',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 09:52:00',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '01134',
			'pauthor' => '!Machado, A.A.S.C.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1039/a708289d',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Optimization of a bipotentiometric flow injection analysis system for simultaneous determination of calcium and chloride ions in natural waters', Analyst, 1998 123(4) 653-659',
			'firstchar' => 'O',
			'twochars' => 'Op',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Matrix' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 16 => array(
			'id' => '008879',
			'authors' => 'Ilcheva, L.K.;Cammann, K.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Liliana Ilcheva and Karl Cammann',
			'title' => 'Flow injection analysis of chloride in tap and sewage water using ion-selective electrode detection',
			'journal' => 'Fresenius J. Anal. Chem.',
			'journal_id' => '0944',
			'fadid' => 'FJAC1985V0322P00323',
			'year' => '1985',
			'volume' => '322',
			'issue' => '3',
			'startpage' => '323',
			'endpage' => '326',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;',
			'matrices' => ';1069;1057;',
			'techniques' => ';0159;0290;',
			'keywords' => ';0217;',
			'abstract' => 'Tap-water or sewage water was analyzed by flow injection analysis with injection into the carrier stream (1.5 mL min-1) of 0.1 M KNO3, which flowed down a vertically suspended strip of filter-paper connected to a single-crystal AgCl membrane electrode and a double-junction reference electrode. Sixty samples h-1 could be analyzed and no serious interference was observed from S2-, I- or Br-. The limit of detection was 10 &micro;M-Cl- and the coefficient of variation were 5 and 10% at >100 and 10 &micro;M, respectively.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '11',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 00:20:16',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '00901',
			'pauthor' => '!Cammann, K.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1007/BF00490916',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Flow injection analysis of chloride in tap and sewage water using ion-selective electrode detection', Fresenius J. Anal. Chem., 1985 322(3) 323-326',
			'firstchar' => 'F',
			'twochars' => 'Fl',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Matrix' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 17 => array(
			'id' => '008889',
			'authors' => 'Ilcheva, L.K.;Cammann, K.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Liliana Ilcheva and Karl Cammann   ',
			'title' => 'Simple, selective and sensitive liquid chromatographic or flow injection detector for chloro-organic compounds based on ion-selective electrodes',
			'journal' => 'Fresenius J. Anal. Chem.',
			'journal_id' => '0944',
			'fadid' => 'FJAC1986V0325P00011',
			'year' => '1986',
			'volume' => '325',
			'issue' => '1',
			'startpage' => '11',
			'endpage' => '14',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0598;',
			'matrices' => '',
			'techniques' => ';0038;0290;',
			'keywords' => '',
			'abstract' => 'The Cl- liberated by the electrolytic decomposition of chloroacetone (I) and the decomposition of I and 1-chloro-4-nitrobenzene by UV radiation was determined by using the detector of Ilcheva and Cammann (Ibid., 1985, 322, 323). The detection limit was in the nmol range. In the analysis of 50 &micro;L of a 1 mM solution of Cl compound the coefficient of variation was ~5%. The detector, which can also be used to determine Br-, I- and S2- by using an appropriate ion-selective electrode, may be useful in LC.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '3',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 00:20:27',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '00901',
			'pauthor' => '!Cammann, K.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1007/BF00983396',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Simple, selective and sensitive liquid chromatographic or flow injection detector for chloro-organic compounds based on ion-selective electrodes', Fresenius J. Anal. Chem., 1986 325(1) 11-14',
			'firstchar' => 'S',
			'twochars' => 'Si',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]),
			'Keyword' => array([maximum depth reached])
		),
		(int) 18 => array(
			'id' => '008906',
			'authors' => 'Van Staden, J.F.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Jacobus F. van Staden',
			'title' => 'Online quality control in concentrated hydrochloric acid production plants. Flow injection determination of hydrochloric acid content in concentrated hydrochloric acid by automated pre-valve dilution and a coated tubular solid-state chloride-selective ele',
			'journal' => 'Fresenius J. Anal. Chem.',
			'journal_id' => '0944',
			'fadid' => 'FJAC1987V0328P00068',
			'year' => '1987',
			'volume' => '328',
			'issue' => '1-2',
			'startpage' => '68',
			'endpage' => '70',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';1188;',
			'matrices' => ';0644;',
			'techniques' => ';0224;0290;0400;',
			'keywords' => ';0258;',
			'abstract' => 'Diluted samples (30 &micro;L) are mixed with 1 M KNO3 as carrier solution for determination at a flow-through tubular indicator electrode, used in conjunction with an Orion 90-02 double-junction reference electrode with 10% KNO3 as outer chamber filling solution The sampling rate is 60 h-1. The construction, preparation and conditioning of the electrode are similar to a previously described procedure (Anal. Chim. Acta, 1986, 179, 407). The method is applied to samples containing 9 to 38% of HCl. Results for this method agree well with those obtained by using the Na2CO3 and Volhard titration procedures. The coefficient of variation for samples of different HCl content is <0.6% (n = 15).',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '9',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 00:20:49',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '00328',
			'pauthor' => '!Van Staden, J.F.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1007/BF00560951',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Online quality control in concentrated hydrochloric acid production plants. Flow injection determination of hydrochloric acid content in concentrated hydrochloric acid by automated pre-valve dilution and a coated tubular solid-state chloride-selective ele', Fresenius J. Anal. Chem., 1987 328(1-2) 68-70',
			'firstchar' => 'O',
			'twochars' => 'On',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Matrix' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 19 => array(
			'id' => '008907',
			'authors' => 'Ilcheva, L.;Trojanowicz, M.A.;Krawczynski Vel Krawczyk, T.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Liliana Ilcheva, Marek Trojanowicz and Tadeusz Krawczynski vel Krawczyk',
			'title' => 'Effect of addition of main ion to carrier solution in potentiometric flow injection measurements with solid state ion-selective electrodes',
			'journal' => 'Fresenius J. Anal. Chem.',
			'journal_id' => '0944',
			'fadid' => 'FJAC1987V0328P00027',
			'year' => '1987',
			'volume' => '328',
			'issue' => '1-2',
			'startpage' => '27',
			'endpage' => '32',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0982;0594;1275;0684;',
			'matrices' => '',
			'techniques' => ';0238;0290;0295;0298;0303;0400;',
			'keywords' => ';0401;0464;',
			'abstract' => 'Flow injection measurements were made by using a flow-through cup (described and illustrated) and Cl--, F--, I-- and Cu(II)-selective electrodes. The addition of the main ion to the carrier solution to create a constant background level of main ion produces a significant improvement in response for the F-- and I--selective electrodes. However, a very slow return of the potential value to the baseline is observed for I- measurements; this is attributable to the slow desorption of I- from the electrode surface. The super-Nernstian slope observed for the F-- and Cu(II)-selective electrodes in the absence of F- or Cu(II) in the carrier solution decreased to Nernstian values in the presence of the ions in the carrier solution',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '27',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 00:20:46',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '00320',
			'pauthor' => '!Trojanowicz, M.A.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1007/BF00560942',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Effect of addition of main ion to carrier solution in potentiometric flow injection measurements with solid state ion-selective electrodes', Fresenius J. Anal. Chem., 1987 328(1-2) 27-32',
			'firstchar' => 'E',
			'twochars' => 'Ef',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
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			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 20 => array(
			'id' => '008965',
			'authors' => 'Frenzel, W.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Wolfgang Frenzel',
			'title' => 'Application of flow injection potentiometry to the determination of chloride in various matrices',
			'journal' => 'Fresenius J. Anal. Chem.',
			'journal_id' => '0944',
			'fadid' => 'FJAC1989V0335P00931',
			'year' => '1989',
			'volume' => '335',
			'issue' => '8',
			'startpage' => '931',
			'endpage' => '937',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;',
			'matrices' => ';1069;0390;0511;0667;',
			'techniques' => ';0216;0290;0400;',
			'keywords' => ';0401;0109;0302;',
			'abstract' => 'Chloride-selective electrodes were prepared from silver tubes (1 cm x 0.3 to 1.0 mm i.d.); the inner wall was coated with AgCl. Behaviour under steady-state and flow injection conditions was studied and the influence of system parameters on sensitivity, detection limit, response time and sample throughput was discussed. Sample throughput was 60 to 200 h-1. The calibration graph was rectilinear from 0.1 to 10,000 mg L-1 of Cl-, with a detection limit of 0.01 mg L-1 and a coefficient of variation of 1%. The method was applied in the analysis of tap and mineral water, emission control of HCl and the determination of Cl- in silicon nitride.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '15',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 00:22:09',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '00154',
			'pauthor' => '!Frenzel, W.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1007/BF00466385',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Application of flow injection potentiometry to the determination of chloride in various matrices', Fresenius J. Anal. Chem., 1989 335(8) 931-937',
			'firstchar' => 'A',
			'twochars' => 'Ap',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
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				[maximum depth reached]
			),
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				[maximum depth reached]
			),
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				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 21 => array(
			'id' => '008979',
			'authors' => 'Van Staden, J.F.;Van Rensburg, A.',
			'authorsweb' => 'J. F. van Staden and A. van Rensburg',
			'title' => 'Three component flow injection analysis with online dialysis. Simultaneous determination of free calcium, total calcium and total chloride in milk by flow injection analysis and online dialysis',
			'journal' => 'Fresenius J. Anal. Chem.',
			'journal_id' => '0944',
			'fadid' => 'FJAC1990V0337P00393',
			'year' => '1990',
			'volume' => '337',
			'issue' => '4',
			'startpage' => '393',
			'endpage' => '397',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0485;',
			'matrices' => ';0007;',
			'techniques' => ';0452;0290;',
			'keywords' => ';0111;0420;0217;',
			'abstract' => 'Milk (30 &micro;L) samples (at 1 sample per min) are directed to three different channels by the use of two dialysers in series. For the determination of free Ca, interference is eliminated by using the first dialyser (which also separates total and free Ca) and determination is by spectrophotometry at 580 nm. For the determination of total Ca by AAS at 422.7 nm, interference from phosphate is overcome by the use of N2O - acetylene flame with the necessary suppression with K ions. The second dialyser in series is used to eliminate interferences (e.g., from casein) before dialysed Cl is measured with a coated tubular chloride-selective electrode. The coefficient of variation for 110 to 170 mg L-1 of free Ca, 1000 to 1500 mg L-1 of total Ca and 1000 to 1800 mg L-1 of total Cl were >0.4, 1.0 and 0.3, respectively. This method compared with existing manual methods is faster, more accurate and reliable, and uses a single series of Ca standards for both total and free Ca determination.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '13',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 00:38:25',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '00328',
			'pauthor' => '!Van Staden, J.F.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1007/BF00322218',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Three component flow injection analysis with online dialysis. Simultaneous determination of free calcium, total calcium and total chloride in milk by flow injection analysis and online dialysis', Fresenius J. Anal. Chem., 1990 337(4) 393-397',
			'firstchar' => 'T',
			'twochars' => 'Th',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
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				[maximum depth reached]
			),
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				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 22 => array(
			'id' => '009086',
			'authors' => 'Altunbulduk, T.;Meier zu Koecker, H.;Frenzel, W.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Tahir Altunbulduk, Heinz Meier zu K&ouml;cker and Wolfgang Frenzel',
			'title' => 'Studies on the elimination of sulfide interference in the potentiometric determination of chloride using ion selective electrodes in a flow injection system',
			'journal' => 'Fresenius J. Anal. Chem.',
			'journal_id' => '0944',
			'fadid' => 'FJAC1995V0351P00593',
			'year' => '1995',
			'volume' => '351',
			'issue' => '7',
			'startpage' => '593',
			'endpage' => '598',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;',
			'matrices' => '',
			'techniques' => ';0290;0400;',
			'keywords' => ';0217;',
			'abstract' => 'Detailed investigations have been reported on the application of a common procedure using bromate in nitric acid for the removal of the interference of sulfide in the direct potentiometric determination of chloride using silver-based ion selective electrodes in a flow injection system. It is shown that this procedure is not very efficient and carries a high risk of chloride underestimation. With increasing levels of sulfide the oxidation of chloride to elemental chlorine becomes progressively significant and under certain circumstances virtually no chloride is left irrespective of its initial concentration. Hydrogen peroxide in alkaline medium is proposed as a suitable alternative for the efficient removal of sulfide without any adverse effects on the potentiometric method.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '10',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 09:19:41',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '00154',
			'pauthor' => '!Frenzel, W.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1007/BF00323331',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Studies on the elimination of sulfide interference in the potentiometric determination of chloride using ion selective electrodes in a flow injection system', Fresenius J. Anal. Chem., 1995 351(7) 593-598',
			'firstchar' => 'S',
			'twochars' => 'St',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
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			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 23 => array(
			'id' => '009565',
			'authors' => 'Van Staden, J.F.',
			'authorsweb' => 'NA',
			'title' => 'Flow injection analysis of chloride in milk with a dialyzer and a coated tubular inorganic chloride-selective electrode',
			'journal' => 'Anal. Lett.',
			'journal_id' => '0820',
			'fadid' => 'ANLE1986V0019P01407',
			'year' => '1986',
			'volume' => '19',
			'issue' => '13&14',
			'startpage' => '1407',
			'endpage' => '1419',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;',
			'matrices' => ';0007;',
			'techniques' => ';0224;0290;',
			'keywords' => ';0111;0217;0258;0302;',
			'abstract' => 'A flow injection analysis system is described (manifold and flow diagram given), whereby samples (30 &micro;L) are introduced into a carrier stream (3.9 mL min-1) of 1 M KNO3 and pumped through a dialyser (16 cm x 3 cm x 2.5 cm) to remove interfering compounds. The dialysed Cl- in the recipient stream (as for carrier stream) is measured with a coated tubular flow-through Cl--selective electrode. The optimization and performance of the system are discussed and the results for the analysis of 10 milk samples are compared with those obtained by the Volhard titration method. For 30 &micro;L samples containing 0.25 to 5.0 g L-1 of Cl-, the coefficient of variation are <0.5% (n = 15).',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '2007-03-29 17:05:38',
			'hits' => '8',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 00:06:14',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '00328',
			'pauthor' => '!Van Staden, J.F.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1080/00032718608069115',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Flow injection analysis of chloride in milk with a dialyzer and a coated tubular inorganic chloride-selective electrode', Anal. Lett., 1986 19(13&14) 1407-1419',
			'firstchar' => 'F',
			'twochars' => 'Fl',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
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				[maximum depth reached]
			),
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				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 24 => array(
			'id' => '009931',
			'authors' => 'Alpizar, J.;Crespi, A.;Cladera, A.;Forteza, R.;Cerda, V.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Jes&uacute;s Alp&iacute;zar, Antonio Cresp&iacute;, Andreu Cladera, Rafael Forteza, V&iacute;ctor Cerd&agrave;',
			'title' => 'Simultaneous determination of chloride and fluoride ions in waters by sequential injection analysis',
			'journal' => 'Electroanalysis',
			'journal_id' => '1003',
			'fadid' => 'ELAN1996V0008P01051',
			'year' => '1996',
			'volume' => '8',
			'issue' => '11',
			'startpage' => '1051',
			'endpage' => '1054',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;0982;',
			'matrices' => ';1069;',
			'techniques' => ';0400;0218;0290;0298;',
			'keywords' => ';0404;0258;0446;',
			'abstract' => 'A sequential injection analysis (SIA) system was developed, based on chloride (I)-selective and fluoride (II)-selective electrodes placed in series, in conjunction with a Ag/AgCl reference electrode (diagram given). Water samples (0.2 ml) were subjected to SIA, sandwiched between 0.4 mL and 3.8 mL cyclohexane-1,2-diamine-NNN'N'-tetra-acetic acid as total ionic strength adjustment buffer, at a flow-rate of 4 ml/min and with potentiometric detection. Calibration graphs were linear from 20-500 &micro;g/ml I and 0.5-200 &micro;g/ml II. The RSD (n = 20) were 1% for 50 &micro;g/ml I and 3.7% for 1 &micro;g/ml II. Stopped-flow detection did not improve the results. The method was applied to potable water samples. The I results generally agreed with those obtained using a batch method and the Mohr method. Recoveries of II from spiked tap water were 92-109%.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '26',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 14:11:23',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '00077',
			'pauthor' => '!Cerda, V.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1002/elan.1140081113',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Simultaneous determination of chloride and fluoride ions in waters by sequential injection analysis', Electroanalysis, 1996 8(11) 1051-1054',
			'firstchar' => 'S',
			'twochars' => 'Si',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
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				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 25 => array(
			'id' => '009973',
			'authors' => 'Alexander, P.W.;Dimitrakopoulos, T.;Hibbert, D.B.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Peter W. Alexander*, Telis Dimitrakopoulos, D. Brynn Hibbert',
			'title' => 'A six sensor array of coated-wire electrodes for use in a portable flow injection analyzer',
			'journal' => 'Electroanalysis',
			'journal_id' => '1003',
			'fadid' => 'ELAN1998V0010P00707',
			'year' => '1998',
			'volume' => '10',
			'issue' => '10',
			'startpage' => '707',
			'endpage' => '712',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;0205;0485;1780;1588;1936;',
			'matrices' => ';1079;',
			'techniques' => ';0060;0290;0127;0400;',
			'keywords' => ';0258;',
			'abstract' => 'An array of 5 photo-cured epoxydiacrylate membrane electrodes incorporating ionophores and a Ag/AgCl wire electrode used as a chloride sensor were all used simultaneously in a previously reported multielectrode flow cell and in a portable flow injection analyzer described by P. Alexander et al. (1996). Photo-cured coated-wire electrodes for NH4+, Ca2+, H+ (pH), NO3-, and K+ and Ag/AgCl wire-based chloride electrode were developed for remote-site monitoring. The photo-cured membranes prepared exhibited strong adhesion to the metal substrate and showed improved mech. strength compared to PVC-based membranes. Each sensor in the present electrode-array exhibited near-Nernstian response over a log-linear range from 0.1-10 mM with detection limits of 0.01 mM in the flow injection potentiometric mode. The flow injection cell was capable of determining the respectively. ions in various water samples and the results were in good agreement with comparative anal. methods.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '30',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 14:12:37',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '00008',
			'pauthor' => '!Alexander, P.W.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1002/(SICI)1521-4109(199808)10:10<707::AID-ELAN707>3.3.CO;2-M',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''A six sensor array of coated-wire electrodes for use in a portable flow injection analyzer', Electroanalysis, 1998 10(10) 707-712',
			'firstchar' => 'A',
			'twochars' => 'A ',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Matrix' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 26 => array(
			'id' => '011780',
			'authors' => 'Trojanowicz, M.A.;Hulanicki, A.;Matuszewski, W.;Fuksiewicz, A.;Hulanicka Michalak, T.;Raszewski, S.;Szyller, J.;Augustyniak, W.',
			'authorsweb' => 'NA',
			'title' => 'Microprocessor-controlled flow injection system with potentiometric detection',
			'journal' => 'Chem. Anal.',
			'journal_id' => '0977',
			'fadid' => 'CHAN1987V0032P00709',
			'year' => '1987',
			'volume' => '32',
			'issue' => '5',
			'startpage' => '709',
			'endpage' => '721',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;1936;',
			'matrices' => ';0562;0372;',
			'techniques' => ';0290;0322;0400;',
			'keywords' => ';0044;0090;',
			'abstract' => 'A system is described for automated flow injection analysis with potentiometric ion-selective electrode detection. The system was tested for determination of Cl- in natural waters and of K in rock salt.',
			'language' => 'Polish',
			'updated' => '2014-10-23 20:46:01',
			'sjccheck' => 'No',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '0',
			'urlcheck' => '2006-05-20 18:55:53',
			'urlcheckcode' => '',
			'pauthor_id' => '00320',
			'pauthor' => '!Trojanowicz, M.A.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => 'NA SJC 102314',
			'url' => 'NA',
			'urltype' => 'NA',
			'gotpdf' => 'no',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Microprocessor-controlled flow injection system with potentiometric detection', Chem. Anal., 1987 32(5) 709-721',
			'firstchar' => 'M',
			'twochars' => 'Mi',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Matrix' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 27 => array(
			'id' => '012297',
			'authors' => 'Lapa, R.A.S.;Lima, J.L.F.C.;Barrado, E.;Vela, H.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Lapa, Rui A. S.; Lima, Jose L. F. C.; Barrado, Enrique; Vela, Henar',
			'title' => 'Potentiometric determination of chloride in parenteral and haemodialysis solutions by FIA',
			'journal' => 'Il Farmaco',
			'journal_id' => '1171',
			'fadid' => 'FARM1997V0052P00127',
			'year' => '1997',
			'volume' => '52',
			'issue' => '2',
			'startpage' => '127',
			'endpage' => '130',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;',
			'matrices' => ';0142;0149;',
			'techniques' => ';0400;0290;',
			'keywords' => ';0111;0258;',
			'abstract' => 'To determine chloride in parenteral solutions, sample (200 &micro;L) was injected into a stream (4 ml/min) of 0.1 M KNO3/0.1 mM NaCl for 50-fold dilution prior to merging with a similar carrier stream. The flow passed through a mixing coil (50 cm) prior to potentiometric detection using a tubular chloride ISE based on a homogenous crystalline membrane. To determine chloride in haemodialysis solution a similar manifold was used, but with passage through a dialysis unit which enabled 200-fold dilutions to be performed to adjust the sample to within the linear range of the ISE, (0.1 mM to 0.2M). The dialysis solution was 0.1 M KNO3/0.1 mM NaCl. Recoveries were >=97% and RSD were 1.8-5.3%. Results agreed with those obtained using conventional methodology.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'No',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '0',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-24 19:38:33',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 200 OK',
			'pauthor_id' => null,
			'pauthor' => 'NA',
			'address' => 'NA',
			'email' => 'NA',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => 'eurekamag.com/research/003/237/003237392.php',
			'urltype' => 'absurl',
			'gotpdf' => 'no',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Potentiometric determination of chloride in parenteral and haemodialysis solutions by FIA', Il Farmaco, 1997 52(2) 127-130',
			'firstchar' => 'P',
			'twochars' => 'Po',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Matrix' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 28 => array(
			'id' => '012533',
			'authors' => 'Zhang, Q.;Yu, Z.;Gao, Z.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Zhang Qing, Yu Zhenan and Gao Zhan',
			'title' => 'Ion-selective electrode - flow injection analysis for chlorine in water',
			'journal' => 'Fenxi Shiyanshi',
			'journal_id' => '0881',
			'fadid' => 'FXSS1986V0005P00014',
			'year' => '1986',
			'volume' => '5',
			'issue' => '6',
			'startpage' => '14',
			'endpage' => '16',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0597;',
			'matrices' => ';0372;',
			'techniques' => ';0290;',
			'keywords' => '',
			'abstract' => 'By using the described method 100 samples can be analyzed in 1 h; 1 &micro;L of sample is required. The working range is 3 to 100 ppm of Cl, and the detection limit is 0.1 ppm. The coefficient of variation was 1.3%. The results showed good agreement with those obtained by a chemical method.',
			'language' => 'Chinese',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '2013-10-19 04:00:00',
			'hits' => '0',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-13 17:51:10',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 200 OK',
			'pauthor_id' => null,
			'pauthor' => 'NA',
			'address' => '1) and 2) Department of Chemistry, North-East Institute of Technology and 3) Institute of Forestry and Soil Sciences, Acadimia Sinica',
			'email' => 'NA',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => 'en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTotal-FXSY198606005.htm',
			'urltype' => 'absurl',
			'gotpdf' => 'no',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Ion-selective electrode - flow injection analysis for chlorine in water', Fenxi Shiyanshi, 1986 5(6) 14-16',
			'firstchar' => 'I',
			'twochars' => 'Io',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
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				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Keyword' => array([maximum depth reached])
		),
		(int) 29 => array(
			'id' => '012793',
			'authors' => 'Gao, Z.;Lu, M.Y.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Gao Zhan; Lu Mingyuan',
			'title' => 'Flow injection analysis by ion-selective electrodes, a detachable solid membrane chloride ion-selective electrode used in the determination of chloride in soil water extracts',
			'journal' => 'Huanjing Kexue',
			'journal_id' => '0888',
			'fadid' => 'HJKX1981V0002P00376',
			'year' => '1981',
			'volume' => '2',
			'issue' => '5',
			'startpage' => '376',
			'endpage' => '380',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;',
			'matrices' => ';0363;1079;',
			'techniques' => ';0290;',
			'keywords' => ';0258;',
			'abstract' => 'The flow injection mol. determine the Cl- contents at 10^-3 - 10^-1 M in leachates with volume >10 mL with relative standard deviations 1-2%. The response potentials 50-150 mV are linearly related to Cl- concentrations <10-3 - 1 x 10^-1 M. For leachate samples containing Cl-, the method yields Cl- contents 0.12 and 0.98% compared to 0.14 and 0.92% determined by a volumetric method.',
			'language' => 'Chinese',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '2013-12-17 05:00:00',
			'hits' => '0',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-13 09:57:16',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 200 OK',
			'pauthor_id' => null,
			'pauthor' => 'NA',
			'address' => 'Inst. For. Soil, Acad. Sin, Peop. Rep. China',
			'email' => 'NA',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => 'www.hjkx.ac.cn/hjkx/ch/reader/create_pdf.aspx?file_no=19810514&flag=1&journal_id=hjkx&year_id=1981',
			'urltype' => 'pdfurl',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Flow injection analysis by ion-selective electrodes, a detachable solid membrane chloride ion-selective electrode used in the determination of chloride in soil water extracts', Huanjing Kexue, 1981 2(5) 376-380',
			'firstchar' => 'F',
			'twochars' => 'Fl',
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				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 30 => array(
			'id' => '012954',
			'authors' => 'Ilcheva, L.;Yanakiev, R.',
			'authorsweb' => 'NA',
			'title' => 'Influence of some parameters on membrane selectivity in flow injection potentiometry',
			'journal' => 'Izv. Khim.',
			'journal_id' => '0531',
			'fadid' => 'IZPK1990V0023P00167',
			'year' => '1990',
			'volume' => '23',
			'issue' => '2',
			'startpage' => '167',
			'endpage' => '171',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;',
			'matrices' => ';0397;',
			'techniques' => ';0290;0400;',
			'keywords' => ';0399;0253;0217;0440;',
			'abstract' => 'Selectivity coefficient >1 of commercial Cl--, Br-- and NO3--selective electrodes towards various interfering species in conventional potentiometry can be considerably improved if the electrodes are used as sensors in flow injection analysis. The selectivity can be further improved by increasing the carrier-stream flow rate, decreasing the injection volume, and use of the method of standard additions. The interference from 0.6 mM Br- was thereby overcome when determining ~0.1 to 0.2 M Cl- in seawater by the flow injection technique with a Cl--selective electrode.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:11:09',
			'sjccheck' => 'No',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '0',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-27 09:10:02',
			'urlcheckcode' => '',
			'pauthor_id' => null,
			'pauthor' => 'NA',
			'address' => 'NA',
			'email' => 'NA',
			'notes' => 'NA SJC 102714',
			'url' => 'NA',
			'urltype' => 'NA',
			'gotpdf' => 'no',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Influence of some parameters on membrane selectivity in flow injection potentiometry', Izv. Khim., 1990 23(2) 167-171',
			'firstchar' => 'I',
			'twochars' => 'In',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
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				[maximum depth reached]
			),
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				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 31 => array(
			'id' => '013010',
			'authors' => 'Ylasov, Y.G.;Ermolenko, Y.E.;Popov, I.A.;El'Marug, S.Y.;Khoroshev, V.G.;Kolodnikov, V.V.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Yu. G. Vlasov, Yu. E. Ermolenko, I. A. Popov, S. Yu. El'- Marug, V. G. Khoroshev, and V. V. Kolodnikov',
			'title' => 'Flow injection analysis of natural waters with a chloride-selective electrode',
			'journal' => 'J. Anal. Chem.',
			'journal_id' => '0798',
			'fadid' => 'JACU1997V0052P00081',
			'year' => '1997',
			'volume' => '52',
			'issue' => '1',
			'startpage' => '81',
			'endpage' => '84',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;',
			'matrices' => ';0372;',
			'techniques' => ';0290;',
			'keywords' => ';0043;',
			'abstract' => 'A chloride ISE with polycrystalline membranes based on AgCl and Ag2S (USSR Inventor's Certificate No. 630576, Byull. Izobret., 1977, number 40) was used in conjunction with a AgCl2 EVL-IM3 reference electrode for the FIA of water samples (0.5-2 ml). The carrier was 0.01 M KNO3 and the volume of the electrode cell was 0.5 mL. At the optimal flow rate (25 ml/min) the detection limit was 20 &micro;M-chloride. The method was applicable to the determination of 1-350 mg/l chloride. RSD were 3-8%.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:11:09',
			'sjccheck' => 'No',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '14',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-23 18:46:04',
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			'pauthor_id' => null,
			'pauthor' => 'NA',
			'address' => 'St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab. 7/9, St. Petersburg, 199034 Russia',
			'email' => 'NA',
			'notes' => 'Not available on springer',
			'url' => 'elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=13258010',
			'urltype' => 'absurl',
			'gotpdf' => 'no',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Flow injection analysis of natural waters with a chloride-selective electrode', J. Anal. Chem., 1997 52(1) 81-84',
			'firstchar' => 'F',
			'twochars' => 'Fl',
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		),
		(int) 32 => array(
			'id' => '013023',
			'authors' => 'Gur'ev, I.A.;Kuleshova, N.V.',
			'authorsweb' => 'I. A. Gur'ev and N. V. Kuleshova',
			'title' => 'Sorption preconcentration and flow injection determination of cadmium',
			'journal' => 'J. Anal. Chem.',
			'journal_id' => '0798',
			'fadid' => 'JACU1998V0053P00796',
			'year' => '1998',
			'volume' => '53',
			'issue' => '9',
			'startpage' => '796',
			'endpage' => '799',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0478;',
			'matrices' => '',
			'techniques' => ';0290;0303;0400;',
			'keywords' => ';0212;0089;0398;',
			'abstract' => 'A procedure for the flow injection determination of Cd traces in aqueous solutions was developed. The procedure is based on the use of ion-selective electrodes sensitive to chloride or iodide complexes of Cd. Sorption pre-concentration simultaneously transforms Cd to anal. active species, it decreases the limit of detection, and improves the selectivity of determination.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:11:09',
			'sjccheck' => 'No',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '15',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-23 18:49:51',
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			'pauthor_id' => null,
			'pauthor' => 'NA',
			'address' => 'Chemistry Department, Nizhni-Novgorod State University, prosp. Gagarina 23, 603600, Nizhni Novgorod, Russia',
			'email' => 'NA',
			'notes' => 'Not available on springer',
			'url' => 'elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=13280948',
			'urltype' => 'absurl',
			'gotpdf' => 'no',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Sorption preconcentration and flow injection determination of cadmium', J. Anal. Chem., 1998 53(9) 796-799',
			'firstchar' => 'S',
			'twochars' => 'So',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
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			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 33 => array(
			'id' => '013445',
			'authors' => 'Sakai, A.;Asano, Y.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Aki Sakai and Yasukazu Asano',
			'title' => 'Flow injection analysis of chloride by use of a flow-through type chloride ion-selective electrode and correlation with JIS method',
			'journal' => 'J. Flow Injection Anal.',
			'journal_id' => '0776',
			'fadid' => 'JFIA1989V0006P00144',
			'year' => '1989',
			'volume' => '6',
			'issue' => '2',
			'startpage' => '144',
			'endpage' => '150',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;',
			'matrices' => ';1069;',
			'techniques' => ';0290;',
			'keywords' => ';0217;0258;0441;',
			'abstract' => 'Sample (75 &micro;L) is injected into a carrier stream (0.9 mL min-1) of water and mixed with the reagent stream (0.9 mL min-1) containing 0.2 M Na acetate, 0.05 M KNO3 and 10 &micro;M-KCl with detection at a flow-through type Cl ion-selective electrode. The calibration graph was rectilinear from 1 to 10 mg L-1 of Cl-; detection limit was 0.1 mg l-1. The coefficient of variation were 0.85% and 0.13% for 1 and 10 mg L-1 of Cl-, respectively. Tolerance levels of Br-, I- and SO42- were 0.3, 0.8 and 0.1 mg l-1, respectively. Sampling rate was 30 samples h-1. Results obtained correlated well with those of the JIS method. The method was applied in the analysis of tap water.',
			'language' => 'Japanese',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'No',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '0',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-13 13:25:54',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 200 OK',
			'pauthor_id' => '00840',
			'pauthor' => '!Asano, Y.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => 'aitech.ac.jp/~jafia/english/jfia/contents/6_2/JFIA1989V0006P00144.pdf',
			'urltype' => 'pdfurl',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Flow injection analysis of chloride by use of a flow-through type chloride ion-selective electrode and correlation with JIS method', J. Flow Injection Anal., 1989 6(2) 144-150',
			'firstchar' => 'F',
			'twochars' => 'Fl',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
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			),
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				[maximum depth reached]
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		),
		(int) 34 => array(
			'id' => '013654',
			'authors' => 'Furuya, H.;Nakayama, K.',
			'authorsweb' => 'NA',
			'title' => 'Flow injection analysis of chloride ion in water using ion-selective electrode',
			'journal' => 'J. Jpn. Water Works Assoc.',
			'journal_id' => '1278',
			'fadid' => 'JJWW1983V0052P00051',
			'year' => '1983',
			'volume' => '52',
			'issue' => '4',
			'startpage' => '51',
			'endpage' => '54',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;',
			'matrices' => ';1079;',
			'techniques' => ';0290;',
			'keywords' => ';0460;0351;',
			'abstract' => 'NA',
			'language' => 'Japanese',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '2006-08-24 17:34:13',
			'hits' => '0',
			'urlcheck' => '2006-05-20 19:17:48',
			'urlcheckcode' => '',
			'pauthor_id' => null,
			'pauthor' => 'NA',
			'address' => 'NA',
			'email' => 'NA',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => 'NA',
			'urltype' => 'NA',
			'gotpdf' => 'no',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Flow injection analysis of chloride ion in water using ion-selective electrode', J. Jpn. Water Works Assoc., 1983 52(4) 51-54',
			'firstchar' => 'F',
			'twochars' => 'Fl',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Matrix' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 35 => array(
			'id' => '014437',
			'authors' => 'Weker, W.;Trojanowicz, M.A.',
			'authorsweb' => 'W?adys?aw Weker and Marek Trojanowicz',
			'title' => 'Application of flow injection analysis for the determination of chloride extracted from corroded iron artifacts',
			'journal' => 'Stud. Conserv.',
			'journal_id' => '1418',
			'fadid' => 'SCON1987V0032P00086',
			'year' => '1987',
			'volume' => '32',
			'issue' => '2',
			'startpage' => '86',
			'endpage' => '90',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;',
			'matrices' => ';0621;',
			'techniques' => ';0400;0290;',
			'keywords' => ';0302;',
			'abstract' => 'Mediaeval iron rivets were immersed in a bath of 0.05 M NaOH - 0.5 M Na2SO4 at 64&deg;C. The extracted Cl- was determined in a system (illustrated) in which the flow-through component was arranged in a two-line configuration and contained the indicating Cl--sensitive electrode and a constant-potential reference electrode. A calibration graph, prepared by using standard solution containing 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200 or 500 ppm of Cl- and different amounts of NaOH and Na2SO4, was rectilinear for >30 ppm of Cl-, but determinations of 5 to 30 ppm of Cl- by using the curved part of the graph could also be achieved. Fifty samples could be analyzed in 1 h under optimum conditions.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'No',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '35',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 00:29:19',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '00320',
			'pauthor' => '!Trojanowicz, M.A.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.2307/1506296',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Application of flow injection analysis for the determination of chloride extracted from corroded iron artifacts', Stud. Conserv., 1987 32(2) 86-90',
			'firstchar' => 'A',
			'twochars' => 'Ap',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
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			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
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				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 36 => array(
			'id' => '014733',
			'authors' => 'Gur'ev, I.A.;Zyuzina, L.F.;Rusyaeva, Y.I.',
			'authorsweb' => 'NA',
			'title' => 'Ionometric determination of zinc in alloys',
			'journal' => 'Zavod. Lab.',
			'journal_id' => '0770',
			'fadid' => 'ZSLB1996V0062P00016',
			'year' => '1996',
			'volume' => '62',
			'issue' => '8',
			'startpage' => '16',
			'endpage' => '17',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';2529;',
			'matrices' => ';0057;0339;',
			'techniques' => ';0272;0290;',
			'keywords' => ';0212;0086;',
			'abstract' => 'Alloy (3 g) was dissolved in 1:1 HNO3 and made up to 50 mL with water. A 1 mL portion of the solution was diluted with water to 100 mL. Then 10 mL of this solution was passed through a sorption column at 9 ml/min. The sorbed Zn was eluted with 5 mL 1 M KCl at 2 ml/min. A standard solution of zinc salt with a concentration of 6.6 mM, the eluate and a standard solution with a concentration of 6.6 mM were introduced consecutively into a FIA system with a chloride ISE based on tetradecylammonium chloride as indicator electrode for the ionometric determination of Zn. To analyze Ag solder, 1 g alloy was dissolved in 1:1 HNO3 and made up to 25 mL with water. A 3 mL portion of the solution was mixed with 1 mL 1 mM KCl. The sediment was filtered out and the filtrate and washing water were mixed with 30 mL 1 M KCl and made up to 100 mL with water. Of this 20 mL was passed through an ion-exchange column. The sorbed Zn ions were eluted with 5 mL 1 M KCl. Flow injection determination of Zn was carried out as above. The method was used to determine Zn in brasses and Ag solders. RSD did not exceed 6%. The detection limit was 2.2 mM Zn ions.',
			'language' => 'Russian',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'No',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '0',
			'urlcheck' => '2006-05-20 19:29:51',
			'urlcheckcode' => '',
			'pauthor_id' => null,
			'pauthor' => 'NA',
			'address' => 'NA',
			'email' => 'NA',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => 'NA',
			'urltype' => 'NA',
			'gotpdf' => 'no',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Ionometric determination of zinc in alloys', Zavod. Lab., 1996 62(8) 16-17',
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			'twochars' => 'Io',
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$c = array(
	'id' => '006206',
	'authors' => 'Rizov, I.;Ilcheva, L.',
	'authorsweb' => 'Ivelin Rizov* and Liliana Ilcheva',
	'title' => 'Differential flow injection potentiometry',
	'journal' => 'Anal. Chim. Acta',
	'journal_id' => '0584',
	'fadid' => 'ANCA1995V0311P00175',
	'year' => '1995',
	'volume' => '311',
	'issue' => '2',
	'startpage' => '175',
	'endpage' => '181',
	'type' => 'Journal Article',
	'analytes' => ';0205;0594;1588;',
	'matrices' => ';0630;1061;',
	'techniques' => ';0290;0312;0274;0400;',
	'keywords' => ';0130;',
	'abstract' => 'Flow injection potentiometric methods using two different ISE placed in series are described for the simultaneous determination of (i) nitrate and chloride and (ii) nitrate and ammonium. The flow injection manifold for the determination of nitrate and chloride consisted of a nitrate ISE separated from a chloride ISE by a reaction coil of 254 cm x 0.51 mm i.d. A sample volume of 60 &micro;L was injected into a 0.04 M Na2SO4 carrier stream (6.3 ml/min). The nitrate concentration was determined using the chloride ISE as a reference electrode and vice versa. The RSD (n = 13) for the determination of 0.1 mM nitrate and 1 mM chloride were 1.1 and 0.9%, respectively. A similar manifold is described for the determination of nitrate and ammonium using nitrate and ammonium ISE separated by a reaction coil of 284 cm x 0.51 mm i.d. The RSD (n = 12) for the determination of nitrate and ammonium in waste water from a urea production plant were 1.1 and 0.9%, respectively.',
	'language' => 'English',
	'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
	'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
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	'pauthor' => 'Rizov, I.',
	'address' => 'Department of Analytical Chemistry, Higher Institute of Chemical Technology, 8 Kl. Ochridsky Str., 1756, Sofia, Bulgaria',
	'email' => 'NA',
	'notes' => null,
	'url' => '10.1016/0003-2670(95)00187-5',
	'urltype' => 'doi',
	'gotpdf' => 'yes',
	'partial' => 'no',
	'notanalyte' => '',
	'citation' => ''Differential flow injection potentiometry', Anal. Chim. Acta, 1995 311(2) 175-181',
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			'name' => 'Ammonium',
			'iupac_name' => 'azanium',
			'casrn' => '14798-03-9',
			'synonyms' => 'Ammonium ion,Ammonium',
			'total' => '94',
			'inchi' => 'InChI=1S/H3N/h1H3/p+1',
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			'charge' => '1',
			'class1' => 'Inorganic compound',
			'class2' => 'NA',
			'class3' => 'NA',
			'class4' => 'Cation',
			'class5' => 'Acids',
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			'name' => 'Chloride',
			'iupac_name' => 'chloride',
			'casrn' => '16887-00-6',
			'synonyms' => 'Chloride; chloride anion; Chloride ion; Chlorine, ion; Hydrochloric acid, ion(1-)',
			'total' => '180',
			'inchi' => 'InChI=1S/ClH/h1H/p-1',
			'inchikey' => 'VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M',
			'formula' => 'Cl-',
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			'charge' => '-1',
			'class1' => 'Element',
			'class2' => 'Non-metal',
			'class3' => 'Halogen',
			'class4' => 'Anion',
			'class5' => '',
			'isgroup' => '',
			'checked' => 'yes',
			'citation_count' => '0',
			'updated' => '2015-10-23 09:54:58',
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			'name' => 'Nitrate',
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			'casrn' => '14797-55-8',
			'synonyms' => 'Nitrate ; nitrates; Nitrates, inorganic, aqueous solution, n.o.s.; Nitrates/nitrites; Nitrate ion;',
			'total' => '180',
			'inchi' => 'InChI=1S/NO3/c2-1(3)4/q-1',
			'inchikey' => 'NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N',
			'formula' => 'NO3-',
			'oxstate' => '+5',
			'url' => '',
			'charge' => '-1',
			'class1' => 'Inorganic compound',
			'class2' => 'NA',
			'class3' => 'NA',
			'class4' => 'Anion',
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			'isgroup' => '',
			'checked' => 'yes',
			'citation_count' => '0',
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"Oxidative Removal Of Interferences In Flow Injection Potentiometric Determination Of Chloride"
Talanta 1989 Volume 36, Issue 8 Pages 811-815

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