"The Use Of Ion-selective Electrodes In Manual And Computer Controlled Flow Injection Systems"
Anal. Chim. Acta 1980 Volume 117, Issue 1 Pages 91-98

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		'title' => 'The use of ion-selective electrodes in manual and computer controlled flow injection systems',
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			'title' => 'Response time phenomena of coated open-tubular solid-state silver halide-selective electrodes and their influence on sample dispersion in flow injection analysis',
			'journal' => 'Anal. Chim. Acta',
			'journal_id' => '0584',
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			'abstract' => 'A comparative study has been made of the response times of coated open-tubular Ag membrane electrodes selective towards Cl-, Br- or I- (cf. Ibid., 1986, 179, 407) as they affect the throughput of flow injection analysis systems. The tubular indicator electrodes were used in conjunction with an Orion 90-02 double-junction reference electrode with 10% KNO3 solution in its outer chamber. The digitized signals were smoothed by applying the DS (data sets) Cat and Smooth operations of the ASYST software; typical background-corrected graphs for the flow injection measurement of halides (10 to 5000 mg l-1) are reproduced. Examination of the leading edges of the various peaks showed that their rate of response was independent of concentration. and did not significantly decrease the sampling rate, although the response of the Br- electrode at the initial peak-formation stages near the baseline was slightly slower than that of the others. The rate of response of the trailing edges was mainly responsible for the sampling rate in an optimized flow injection system, and the I- electrode showed a memory effect, which was largely responsible for the low sampling rate of this system compared with similar systems with the other two electrodes. The contribution of the memory effect or response time phenomena of coated open-tubular solid state chloride-, bromide-, and iodide-selective electrodes on the anal. output in flow injection systems are presented for concentration. ranges between 10 and 5000 mg L-1. The rate of response for the leading edges of all three electrodes due to electrode properties are independent of concentration. and do not contribute significantly to any decrease in sampling rate, although the rate of response of the bromide-selective electrode flow injection analysis (FIA) system seems to be slightly slower than the other two electrode systems at the initial peak-formation stages near the base line. The rate of response for the tailing edges of the different electrodes due to electrode properties is mainly responsible for the sampling rate obtained in an optimized FIA-ISE system. The memory effect of the iodide-selective electrode is mainly responsible for the fact that the sampling rate of this system is very much lower than the sampling rate obtained for similar systems with the other two electrodes. For the bromide-selective electrode system, the slower rate of response due to electrode properties at the tailing edges (especially with high concentrations of bromide) than that of the chloride-selective electrode, contributes mainly to a lower sampling output for the bromide-selective electrode-FIA system when compared with the chloride electrode system.',
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			'citation' => ''Response time phenomena of coated open-tubular solid-state silver halide-selective electrodes and their influence on sample dispersion in flow injection analysis', Anal. Chim. Acta, 1992 261(1-2) 381-390',
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			'title' => 'Flow-through tubular iodide- and bromide-selective electrodes based on epoxy-resin heterogeneous membranes',
			'journal' => 'Talanta',
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			'authors' => 'Najib, F.M.;Othman, S.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Fadhil M. Najib* and Shireen Othman,  ',
			'title' => 'Simultaneous determination of chloride, bromide, iodide and fluoride with flow injection - ion-selective electrode systems',
			'journal' => 'Talanta',
			'journal_id' => '0569',
			'fadid' => 'TALT1992V0039P01259',
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			'abstract' => 'Electrodes for Cl-, Br- and I- were constructed (preparation described) from Ag2 - AgCl or AgBr (1:1) and Ag2S - AgI (1:3); for F- a commercial electrode was used. By combining the electrodes and suppressor columns of AgCl and amalgamated Pb, the ions were simultaneously determined in a carrier stream (0.5 mL min-1) of e.g. 0.1 M HClO4 at pH 4.0. The calibration graphs were rectilinear down to 100, 5, 1 and 5 &micro;M for Cl-, Br-, I- and F-, respectively. The reproducibility was 1% for the determination of the halides in eight water samples, the results agreed well with those obtained by three reference methods. Flow-through ion-selective electrodes were constructed from compressed pellets (8-10 mm thick, 13 mm diameter, 10 tons/cm2 pressure) of Ag2S/AgX (X = Cl-, Br- or I-) drilled longitudinally (1.5 mm diameter hole) to be suitable for use in flow injection analysis. A column of AgCl (5.5 cm long, 2-3 mm internal diameter) was included in the Cl- electrode manifold to remove interferences from 10^-4 M Br- and 3 x 10^-5 M I- and S2-. A column of amalgamated lead (2-3 cm long, 2-3 mm internal diameter) was used in the Br--electrode manifold to remove interference from 2 x 10^-5 M I-, 3 x 10^-5 M S2- and 7 x 10^-4 M Cl-. These columns and the addition of ascorbic acid were not required when I- was determined with the iodide electrode. The carrier stream was 0.1 M sodium perchlorate (pH 4) at a flow-rate of 0.5 mL/min. The sample pH could be 4-7. Simultaneous determination of Cl- and I-, Cl-, I- and Br-, and Cl-, I-, Br- and F- ions was possible with combinations of the corresponding electrodes and columns in series and/or parallel in specially designed manifolds. Calibration plots were linear, with almost theoretical slopes, down to 10^-6 M I-, 5 x 10^-6 M Br-, 10^-4 M Cl- and 5 x 10^-6 M F-, with precision better than 1%. Sampling rates for single-ion determinations were 72, 102, 90 and 80 per h for the one-, two-, three- and four-electrode systems respectively. Determinations of these ions in water samples by the recommended procedure and by established batch methods showed no significant difference at the 95% confidence limits in a paired comparison t-test.',
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			'address' => 'Department of Chemistry, University of Salahaddin, Arbil, Iraq',
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			'citation' => ''Simultaneous determination of chloride, bromide, iodide and fluoride with flow injection - ion-selective electrode systems', Talanta, 1992 39(10) 1259-1267',
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			'authors' => 'Van Staden, J.F.',
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			'title' => 'Comparison of the influence and contribution of the response times of coated open-tubular solid-state bromide- and chloride-selective electrodes on the analytical throughput (dispersion) in flow injection systems',
			'journal' => 'Analyst',
			'journal_id' => '0864',
			'fadid' => 'ANAL1992V0117P00051',
			'year' => '1992',
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			'abstract' => 'The cited study was performed for 10 to 5000 mg L-1 of Br- and Cl-. For both electrodes the adsorption rate is independent of concentration. and does not contribute significantly to any decrease in the sampling rate, although the adsorption rate of the Cl-selective electrode in the system is slightly faster than the Br system. For both electrodes the desorption process is mainly responsible for the sampling rate obtained in an optimized flow injection ion-selective electrode system. An electrode memory of the Br-selective electrode is the main reason for the sampling rate of this system being lower than that obtained for a similar flow injection system with a Cl-selective electrode. An evaluation of the influence and contribution of the response times of coated open-tubular solid-state bromide- and chloride-selective electrodes on the anal. throughput (dispersion) in flow injection (FI) systems is presented using concentration ranges of 10^-5000 mg L-1 for bromide and chloride, respectively. For both electrodes the adsorption rate is independent of concentration. and does not contribute significantly to any decrease in the sampling rate, although the adsorption rate of the chloride-selective electrode in the FI system seems to be slightly faster than the bromide system. For both electrodes the desorption mechanism process is mainly responsible for the sampling rate obtained in an optimized FI-ion-selective electrode system. An electrode memory of the bromide-selective electrode is the main reason for the sampling rate of this system being lower than that obtained for a similar FI system with a chloride-selective electrode.',
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			'citation' => ''Comparison of the influence and contribution of the response times of coated open-tubular solid-state bromide- and chloride-selective electrodes on the analytical throughput (dispersion) in flow injection systems', Analyst, 1992 117(1) 51-56',
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			'authorsweb' => 'Takashi Katsu*, Yuki Moria, Naoyuki Matsukab and Yutaka Gomitab',
			'title' => 'Potentiometric flow injection determination of serum bromide in patients with epilepsy',
			'journal' => 'J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal.',
			'journal_id' => '0632',
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			'abstract' => 'A flow injection system was constructed using a bromide-selective electrode and used to determine serum bromide in patients with epilepsy. A 10 &micro;L serum sample was injected into a carrier stream flowing at 0.12 mL min-1. Potential changes and bromide concentrations were linearly related in the range 3-50 mM. The lower limit of detection for serum bromide was 1 mM and this electrode sensitivity spanned the entire concentration range required for bromide therapy (9-24 mM). The results compared favourably with those obtained by colorimetry.',
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			'notes' => 'Tel.: + 81 86 2517955; fax: + 81 86 2557456',
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			'title' => 'Potentiometric FIA of trace phenol',
			'journal' => 'Bunseki Kagaku',
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			'fadid' => 'BUNK1991V0040P00093',
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"Response Time Phenomena Of Coated Open-tubular Solid-state Silver Halide-selective Electrodes And Their Influence On Sample Dispersion In Flow Injection Analysis"
Anal. Chim. Acta 1992 Volume 261, Issue 1-2 Pages 381-390

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			'abstract' => 'Electrodes for Cl-, Br- and I- were constructed (preparation described) from Ag2 - AgCl or AgBr (1:1) and Ag2S - AgI (1:3); for F- a commercial electrode was used. By combining the electrodes and suppressor columns of AgCl and amalgamated Pb, the ions were simultaneously determined in a carrier stream (0.5 mL min-1) of e.g. 0.1 M HClO4 at pH 4.0. The calibration graphs were rectilinear down to 100, 5, 1 and 5 &micro;M for Cl-, Br-, I- and F-, respectively. The reproducibility was 1% for the determination of the halides in eight water samples, the results agreed well with those obtained by three reference methods. Flow-through ion-selective electrodes were constructed from compressed pellets (8-10 mm thick, 13 mm diameter, 10 tons/cm2 pressure) of Ag2S/AgX (X = Cl-, Br- or I-) drilled longitudinally (1.5 mm diameter hole) to be suitable for use in flow injection analysis. A column of AgCl (5.5 cm long, 2-3 mm internal diameter) was included in the Cl- electrode manifold to remove interferences from 10^-4 M Br- and 3 x 10^-5 M I- and S2-. A column of amalgamated lead (2-3 cm long, 2-3 mm internal diameter) was used in the Br--electrode manifold to remove interference from 2 x 10^-5 M I-, 3 x 10^-5 M S2- and 7 x 10^-4 M Cl-. These columns and the addition of ascorbic acid were not required when I- was determined with the iodide electrode. The carrier stream was 0.1 M sodium perchlorate (pH 4) at a flow-rate of 0.5 mL/min. The sample pH could be 4-7. Simultaneous determination of Cl- and I-, Cl-, I- and Br-, and Cl-, I-, Br- and F- ions was possible with combinations of the corresponding electrodes and columns in series and/or parallel in specially designed manifolds. Calibration plots were linear, with almost theoretical slopes, down to 10^-6 M I-, 5 x 10^-6 M Br-, 10^-4 M Cl- and 5 x 10^-6 M F-, with precision better than 1%. Sampling rates for single-ion determinations were 72, 102, 90 and 80 per h for the one-, two-, three- and four-electrode systems respectively. Determinations of these ions in water samples by the recommended procedure and by established batch methods showed no significant difference at the 95% confidence limits in a paired comparison t-test.',
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			'address' => 'Department of Chemistry, University of Salahaddin, Arbil, Iraq',
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			'citation' => ''Simultaneous determination of chloride, bromide, iodide and fluoride with flow injection - ion-selective electrode systems', Talanta, 1992 39(10) 1259-1267',
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			'authors' => 'Van Staden, J.F.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Jacobus F. van Staden',
			'title' => 'Comparison of the influence and contribution of the response times of coated open-tubular solid-state bromide- and chloride-selective electrodes on the analytical throughput (dispersion) in flow injection systems',
			'journal' => 'Analyst',
			'journal_id' => '0864',
			'fadid' => 'ANAL1992V0117P00051',
			'year' => '1992',
			'volume' => '117',
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			'startpage' => '51',
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			'abstract' => 'The cited study was performed for 10 to 5000 mg L-1 of Br- and Cl-. For both electrodes the adsorption rate is independent of concentration. and does not contribute significantly to any decrease in the sampling rate, although the adsorption rate of the Cl-selective electrode in the system is slightly faster than the Br system. For both electrodes the desorption process is mainly responsible for the sampling rate obtained in an optimized flow injection ion-selective electrode system. An electrode memory of the Br-selective electrode is the main reason for the sampling rate of this system being lower than that obtained for a similar flow injection system with a Cl-selective electrode. An evaluation of the influence and contribution of the response times of coated open-tubular solid-state bromide- and chloride-selective electrodes on the anal. throughput (dispersion) in flow injection (FI) systems is presented using concentration ranges of 10^-5000 mg L-1 for bromide and chloride, respectively. For both electrodes the adsorption rate is independent of concentration. and does not contribute significantly to any decrease in the sampling rate, although the adsorption rate of the chloride-selective electrode in the FI system seems to be slightly faster than the bromide system. For both electrodes the desorption mechanism process is mainly responsible for the sampling rate obtained in an optimized FI-ion-selective electrode system. An electrode memory of the bromide-selective electrode is the main reason for the sampling rate of this system being lower than that obtained for a similar FI system with a chloride-selective electrode.',
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			'citation' => ''Comparison of the influence and contribution of the response times of coated open-tubular solid-state bromide- and chloride-selective electrodes on the analytical throughput (dispersion) in flow injection systems', Analyst, 1992 117(1) 51-56',
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			'authors' => 'Katsu, T.;Mori, Y.;Matsuka, N.;Gomita, Y.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Takashi Katsu*, Yuki Moria, Naoyuki Matsukab and Yutaka Gomitab',
			'title' => 'Potentiometric flow injection determination of serum bromide in patients with epilepsy',
			'journal' => 'J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal.',
			'journal_id' => '0632',
			'fadid' => 'JPBA1997V0015P01829',
			'year' => '1997',
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			'abstract' => 'A flow injection system was constructed using a bromide-selective electrode and used to determine serum bromide in patients with epilepsy. A 10 &micro;L serum sample was injected into a carrier stream flowing at 0.12 mL min-1. Potential changes and bromide concentrations were linearly related in the range 3-50 mM. The lower limit of detection for serum bromide was 1 mM and this electrode sensitivity spanned the entire concentration range required for bromide therapy (9-24 mM). The results compared favourably with those obtained by colorimetry.',
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			'address' => 'Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Japan.',
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			'notes' => 'Tel.: + 81 86 2517955; fax: + 81 86 2557456',
			'url' => '10.1016/S0731-7085(96)02017-1',
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			'citation' => ''Potentiometric flow injection determination of serum bromide in patients with epilepsy', J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 1997 15(12) 1829-1832',
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			'authors' => 'Ohura, H.;Imato, T.;Yamasaki, S.;Ishibashi, N.',
			'authorsweb' => 'NA',
			'title' => 'Potentiometric FIA of trace phenol',
			'journal' => 'Bunseki Kagaku',
			'journal_id' => '0965',
			'fadid' => 'BUNK1991V0040P00093',
			'year' => '1991',
			'volume' => '40',
			'issue' => '2',
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			'endpage' => '96',
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			'keywords' => '',
			'abstract' => 'Sample was injected into a carrier stream of water and merged with a stream of acidic Br solution The detector, comprising a Br--selective electrode and a Pt electrode in series, measured the potential changes in the initial stage of bromination of phenol. The calibration graph was rectilinear from 5 to 25 &micro;M-phenol. The coefficient of variation was 0.9% for 5 &micro;m-phenol at a sampling rate of 80 h-1.',
			'language' => 'Japanese',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
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			'url' => '10.2116/bunsekikagaku.40.2_93',
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			'citation' => ''Potentiometric FIA of trace phenol', Bunseki Kagaku, 1991 40(2) 93-96',
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	'journal' => 'Anal. Chim. Acta',
	'journal_id' => '0584',
	'fadid' => 'ANCA1992V0261P00381',
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	'abstract' => 'A comparative study has been made of the response times of coated open-tubular Ag membrane electrodes selective towards Cl-, Br- or I- (cf. Ibid., 1986, 179, 407) as they affect the throughput of flow injection analysis systems. The tubular indicator electrodes were used in conjunction with an Orion 90-02 double-junction reference electrode with 10% KNO3 solution in its outer chamber. The digitized signals were smoothed by applying the DS (data sets) Cat and Smooth operations of the ASYST software; typical background-corrected graphs for the flow injection measurement of halides (10 to 5000 mg l-1) are reproduced. Examination of the leading edges of the various peaks showed that their rate of response was independent of concentration. and did not significantly decrease the sampling rate, although the response of the Br- electrode at the initial peak-formation stages near the baseline was slightly slower than that of the others. The rate of response of the trailing edges was mainly responsible for the sampling rate in an optimized flow injection system, and the I- electrode showed a memory effect, which was largely responsible for the low sampling rate of this system compared with similar systems with the other two electrodes. The contribution of the memory effect or response time phenomena of coated open-tubular solid state chloride-, bromide-, and iodide-selective electrodes on the anal. output in flow injection systems are presented for concentration. ranges between 10 and 5000 mg L-1. The rate of response for the leading edges of all three electrodes due to electrode properties are independent of concentration. and do not contribute significantly to any decrease in sampling rate, although the rate of response of the bromide-selective electrode flow injection analysis (FIA) system seems to be slightly slower than the other two electrode systems at the initial peak-formation stages near the base line. The rate of response for the tailing edges of the different electrodes due to electrode properties is mainly responsible for the sampling rate obtained in an optimized FIA-ISE system. The memory effect of the iodide-selective electrode is mainly responsible for the fact that the sampling rate of this system is very much lower than the sampling rate obtained for similar systems with the other two electrodes. For the bromide-selective electrode system, the slower rate of response due to electrode properties at the tailing edges (especially with high concentrations of bromide) than that of the chloride-selective electrode, contributes mainly to a lower sampling output for the bromide-selective electrode-FIA system when compared with the chloride electrode system.',
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"Flow-through Tubular Iodide- And Bromide-selective Electrodes Based On Epoxy-resin Heterogeneous Membranes"
Talanta 1989 Volume 36, Issue 8 Pages 825-829

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			'synonyms' => 'Ion selective electrode,ISE',
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			'name' => 'Electrode, ion selective, bromide',
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		'id' => '006910',
		'authors' => 'Alegret, S.;Florido, A.;Lima, J.L.F.C.;Machado, A.A.S.C.',
		'authorsweb' => 'S. Alegret*, A. Florido, J. L. F. C. Lima and A. A. S. C. Machado  ',
		'title' => 'Flow-through tubular iodide- and bromide-selective electrodes based on epoxy-resin heterogeneous membranes',
		'journal' => 'Talanta',
		'journal_id' => '0569',
		'fadid' => 'TALT1989V0036P00825',
		'year' => '1989',
		'volume' => '36',
		'issue' => '8',
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		'abstract' => 'The electrodes were made from 4-mm lengths of Perspex tubing (1 cm o.d., 8 mm i.d.), which were filled with Ag-containing conductive epoxy-resin to which a shielded cable was then attached. A hole (1.75 mm diameter) was drilled through the centre, which was then packed with powdered AgX - Ag2S mixture (X = I or Br) dispersed in non-conductive epoxy-resin. A central channel (0.75 mm diameter) was then drilled leaving a membrane of 0.5-mm thickness. The response characteristics were evaluated in a low-dispersion flow injection system, and both showed a Nernstian response between 50 &micro;M and 0.1 M with good reproducibility and a rapid response that permitted a sampling rate of 60 h-1. Operational pH ranges for I- and Br- were 2.5 to 11 and 3 to 10, respectively. Interference by several ions is reported; I- must be absent in determinations with the Br- electrode.',
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		'email' => 'pau',
		'notes' => null,
		'url' => '10.1016/0039-9140(89)80162-6',
		'urltype' => 'doi',
		'gotpdf' => 'yes',
		'partial' => 'no',
		'notanalyte' => '',
		'citation' => ''Flow-through tubular iodide- and bromide-selective electrodes based on epoxy-resin heterogeneous membranes', Talanta, 1989 36(8) 825-829',
		'firstchar' => 'F',
		'twochars' => 'Fl',
		'CitationsTechnique' => array(
			'id' => '003712',
			'citation_id' => '006910',
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		'id' => '0283',
		'label' => 'Electrode',
		'level1' => 'Electrode',
		'level2' => 'ion selective',
		'level3' => 'bromide',
		'level4' => '',
		'level5' => '',
		'synonyms' => 'Ion selective electrode,ISE',
		'champ' => '',
		'total' => '7',
		'updated' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
		'name' => 'Electrode, ion selective, bromide',
		'nametotal' => 'Electrode, ion selective, bromide**7',
		'first' => 'E'
	),
	'Citation' => array(
		(int) 0 => array(
			'id' => '003929',
			'authors' => 'Slanina, J.;Lingerak, W.A.;Bakker, F.P.',
			'authorsweb' => 'J. Slanina, W. A. Lingerak and F. Bakker',
			'title' => 'The use of ion-selective electrodes in manual and computer controlled flow injection systems',
			'journal' => 'Anal. Chim. Acta',
			'journal_id' => '0584',
			'fadid' => 'ANCA1980V0117P00091',
			'year' => '1980',
			'volume' => '117',
			'issue' => '1',
			'startpage' => '91',
			'endpage' => '98',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0982;',
			'matrices' => ';1079;',
			'techniques' => ';0283;0298;',
			'keywords' => ';0090;',
			'abstract' => 'The performance of ion-selective electrodes in a flow injection system under manual or active computer control is discussed. The response of the fluoride-selective membrane electrode was not Nemstian, and depended on several parameters. With appropriate standardization, the results were quite satisfactory. Precision was typically 3%; 60 determinations per hour are possible in the concentration range 20-200 ppb. The detection limits of the electrodes are below the values found m other measurement modes.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '5',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 15:42:06',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => null,
			'pauthor' => 'NA',
			'address' => 'Netherlands Energy Research Foundation (E.C.N.), 1755 ZG Petten The Netherlands',
			'email' => 'NA',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1016/0003-2670(80)87008-5',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''The use of ion-selective electrodes in manual and computer controlled flow injection systems', Anal. Chim. Acta, 1980 117(1) 91-98',
			'firstchar' => 'T',
			'twochars' => 'Th',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
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				[maximum depth reached]
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		(int) 1 => array(
			'id' => '005694',
			'authors' => 'Van Staden, J.F.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Jacobus F. van Staden',
			'title' => 'Response time phenomena of coated open-tubular solid-state silver halide-selective electrodes and their influence on sample dispersion in flow injection analysis',
			'journal' => 'Anal. Chim. Acta',
			'journal_id' => '0584',
			'fadid' => 'ANCA1992V0261P00381',
			'year' => '1992',
			'volume' => '261',
			'issue' => '1-2',
			'startpage' => '381',
			'endpage' => '390',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0451;0594;1275;',
			'matrices' => '',
			'techniques' => ';0283;0290;0303;',
			'keywords' => ';0302;0410;0119;',
			'abstract' => 'A comparative study has been made of the response times of coated open-tubular Ag membrane electrodes selective towards Cl-, Br- or I- (cf. Ibid., 1986, 179, 407) as they affect the throughput of flow injection analysis systems. The tubular indicator electrodes were used in conjunction with an Orion 90-02 double-junction reference electrode with 10% KNO3 solution in its outer chamber. The digitized signals were smoothed by applying the DS (data sets) Cat and Smooth operations of the ASYST software; typical background-corrected graphs for the flow injection measurement of halides (10 to 5000 mg l-1) are reproduced. Examination of the leading edges of the various peaks showed that their rate of response was independent of concentration. and did not significantly decrease the sampling rate, although the response of the Br- electrode at the initial peak-formation stages near the baseline was slightly slower than that of the others. The rate of response of the trailing edges was mainly responsible for the sampling rate in an optimized flow injection system, and the I- electrode showed a memory effect, which was largely responsible for the low sampling rate of this system compared with similar systems with the other two electrodes. The contribution of the memory effect or response time phenomena of coated open-tubular solid state chloride-, bromide-, and iodide-selective electrodes on the anal. output in flow injection systems are presented for concentration. ranges between 10 and 5000 mg L-1. The rate of response for the leading edges of all three electrodes due to electrode properties are independent of concentration. and do not contribute significantly to any decrease in sampling rate, although the rate of response of the bromide-selective electrode flow injection analysis (FIA) system seems to be slightly slower than the other two electrode systems at the initial peak-formation stages near the base line. The rate of response for the tailing edges of the different electrodes due to electrode properties is mainly responsible for the sampling rate obtained in an optimized FIA-ISE system. The memory effect of the iodide-selective electrode is mainly responsible for the fact that the sampling rate of this system is very much lower than the sampling rate obtained for similar systems with the other two electrodes. For the bromide-selective electrode system, the slower rate of response due to electrode properties at the tailing edges (especially with high concentrations of bromide) than that of the chloride-selective electrode, contributes mainly to a lower sampling output for the bromide-selective electrode-FIA system when compared with the chloride electrode system.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
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			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '6',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 16:06:13',
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			'pauthor_id' => '00328',
			'pauthor' => '!Van Staden, J.F.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1016/0003-2670(92)80217-U',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Response time phenomena of coated open-tubular solid-state silver halide-selective electrodes and their influence on sample dispersion in flow injection analysis', Anal. Chim. Acta, 1992 261(1-2) 381-390',
			'firstchar' => 'R',
			'twochars' => 'Re',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
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			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 2 => array(
			'id' => '006910',
			'authors' => 'Alegret, S.;Florido, A.;Lima, J.L.F.C.;Machado, A.A.S.C.',
			'authorsweb' => 'S. Alegret*, A. Florido, J. L. F. C. Lima and A. A. S. C. Machado  ',
			'title' => 'Flow-through tubular iodide- and bromide-selective electrodes based on epoxy-resin heterogeneous membranes',
			'journal' => 'Talanta',
			'journal_id' => '0569',
			'fadid' => 'TALT1989V0036P00825',
			'year' => '1989',
			'volume' => '36',
			'issue' => '8',
			'startpage' => '825',
			'endpage' => '829',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';1275;0451;',
			'matrices' => '',
			'techniques' => ';0283;0303;',
			'keywords' => ';0217;0253;0385;0213;',
			'abstract' => 'The electrodes were made from 4-mm lengths of Perspex tubing (1 cm o.d., 8 mm i.d.), which were filled with Ag-containing conductive epoxy-resin to which a shielded cable was then attached. A hole (1.75 mm diameter) was drilled through the centre, which was then packed with powdered AgX - Ag2S mixture (X = I or Br) dispersed in non-conductive epoxy-resin. A central channel (0.75 mm diameter) was then drilled leaving a membrane of 0.5-mm thickness. The response characteristics were evaluated in a low-dispersion flow injection system, and both showed a Nernstian response between 50 &micro;M and 0.1 M with good reproducibility and a rapid response that permitted a sampling rate of 60 h-1. Operational pH ranges for I- and Br- were 2.5 to 11 and 3 to 10, respectively. Interference by several ions is reported; I- must be absent in determinations with the Br- electrode.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
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			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '11',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 14:55:17',
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			'pauthor_id' => '00788',
			'pauthor' => '!Alegret, S.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1016/0039-9140(89)80162-6',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Flow-through tubular iodide- and bromide-selective electrodes based on epoxy-resin heterogeneous membranes', Talanta, 1989 36(8) 825-829',
			'firstchar' => 'F',
			'twochars' => 'Fl',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
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				[maximum depth reached]
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				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 3 => array(
			'id' => '006998',
			'authors' => 'Najib, F.M.;Othman, S.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Fadhil M. Najib* and Shireen Othman,  ',
			'title' => 'Simultaneous determination of chloride, bromide, iodide and fluoride with flow injection - ion-selective electrode systems',
			'journal' => 'Talanta',
			'journal_id' => '0569',
			'fadid' => 'TALT1992V0039P01259',
			'year' => '1992',
			'volume' => '39',
			'issue' => '10',
			'startpage' => '1259',
			'endpage' => '1267',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;0451;1275;0982;',
			'matrices' => ';0372;',
			'techniques' => ';0283;0290;0298;0303;',
			'keywords' => ';0258;0320;0217;',
			'abstract' => 'Electrodes for Cl-, Br- and I- were constructed (preparation described) from Ag2 - AgCl or AgBr (1:1) and Ag2S - AgI (1:3); for F- a commercial electrode was used. By combining the electrodes and suppressor columns of AgCl and amalgamated Pb, the ions were simultaneously determined in a carrier stream (0.5 mL min-1) of e.g. 0.1 M HClO4 at pH 4.0. The calibration graphs were rectilinear down to 100, 5, 1 and 5 &micro;M for Cl-, Br-, I- and F-, respectively. The reproducibility was 1% for the determination of the halides in eight water samples, the results agreed well with those obtained by three reference methods. Flow-through ion-selective electrodes were constructed from compressed pellets (8-10 mm thick, 13 mm diameter, 10 tons/cm2 pressure) of Ag2S/AgX (X = Cl-, Br- or I-) drilled longitudinally (1.5 mm diameter hole) to be suitable for use in flow injection analysis. A column of AgCl (5.5 cm long, 2-3 mm internal diameter) was included in the Cl- electrode manifold to remove interferences from 10^-4 M Br- and 3 x 10^-5 M I- and S2-. A column of amalgamated lead (2-3 cm long, 2-3 mm internal diameter) was used in the Br--electrode manifold to remove interference from 2 x 10^-5 M I-, 3 x 10^-5 M S2- and 7 x 10^-4 M Cl-. These columns and the addition of ascorbic acid were not required when I- was determined with the iodide electrode. The carrier stream was 0.1 M sodium perchlorate (pH 4) at a flow-rate of 0.5 mL/min. The sample pH could be 4-7. Simultaneous determination of Cl- and I-, Cl-, I- and Br-, and Cl-, I-, Br- and F- ions was possible with combinations of the corresponding electrodes and columns in series and/or parallel in specially designed manifolds. Calibration plots were linear, with almost theoretical slopes, down to 10^-6 M I-, 5 x 10^-6 M Br-, 10^-4 M Cl- and 5 x 10^-6 M F-, with precision better than 1%. Sampling rates for single-ion determinations were 72, 102, 90 and 80 per h for the one-, two-, three- and four-electrode systems respectively. Determinations of these ions in water samples by the recommended procedure and by established batch methods showed no significant difference at the 95% confidence limits in a paired comparison t-test.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '28',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 14:59:47',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => null,
			'pauthor' => 'Najib, F.M.',
			'address' => 'Department of Chemistry, University of Salahaddin, Arbil, Iraq',
			'email' => 'NA',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1016/0039-9140(92)80234-5',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Simultaneous determination of chloride, bromide, iodide and fluoride with flow injection - ion-selective electrode systems', Talanta, 1992 39(10) 1259-1267',
			'firstchar' => 'S',
			'twochars' => 'Si',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
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		(int) 4 => array(
			'id' => '007648',
			'authors' => 'Van Staden, J.F.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Jacobus F. van Staden',
			'title' => 'Comparison of the influence and contribution of the response times of coated open-tubular solid-state bromide- and chloride-selective electrodes on the analytical throughput (dispersion) in flow injection systems',
			'journal' => 'Analyst',
			'journal_id' => '0864',
			'fadid' => 'ANAL1992V0117P00051',
			'year' => '1992',
			'volume' => '117',
			'issue' => '1',
			'startpage' => '51',
			'endpage' => '56',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => '',
			'matrices' => '',
			'techniques' => ';0283;0290;',
			'keywords' => ';0302;0119;',
			'abstract' => 'The cited study was performed for 10 to 5000 mg L-1 of Br- and Cl-. For both electrodes the adsorption rate is independent of concentration. and does not contribute significantly to any decrease in the sampling rate, although the adsorption rate of the Cl-selective electrode in the system is slightly faster than the Br system. For both electrodes the desorption process is mainly responsible for the sampling rate obtained in an optimized flow injection ion-selective electrode system. An electrode memory of the Br-selective electrode is the main reason for the sampling rate of this system being lower than that obtained for a similar flow injection system with a Cl-selective electrode. An evaluation of the influence and contribution of the response times of coated open-tubular solid-state bromide- and chloride-selective electrodes on the anal. throughput (dispersion) in flow injection (FI) systems is presented using concentration ranges of 10^-5000 mg L-1 for bromide and chloride, respectively. For both electrodes the adsorption rate is independent of concentration. and does not contribute significantly to any decrease in the sampling rate, although the adsorption rate of the chloride-selective electrode in the FI system seems to be slightly faster than the bromide system. For both electrodes the desorption mechanism process is mainly responsible for the sampling rate obtained in an optimized FI-ion-selective electrode system. An electrode memory of the bromide-selective electrode is the main reason for the sampling rate of this system being lower than that obtained for a similar FI system with a chloride-selective electrode.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
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			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
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			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 08:32:27',
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			'pauthor_id' => '00328',
			'pauthor' => '!Van Staden, J.F.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1039/an9921700051',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Comparison of the influence and contribution of the response times of coated open-tubular solid-state bromide- and chloride-selective electrodes on the analytical throughput (dispersion) in flow injection systems', Analyst, 1992 117(1) 51-56',
			'firstchar' => 'C',
			'twochars' => 'Co',
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		(int) 5 => array(
			'id' => '010437',
			'authors' => 'Katsu, T.;Mori, Y.;Matsuka, N.;Gomita, Y.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Takashi Katsu*, Yuki Moria, Naoyuki Matsukab and Yutaka Gomitab',
			'title' => 'Potentiometric flow injection determination of serum bromide in patients with epilepsy',
			'journal' => 'J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal.',
			'journal_id' => '0632',
			'fadid' => 'JPBA1997V0015P01829',
			'year' => '1997',
			'volume' => '15',
			'issue' => '12',
			'startpage' => '1829',
			'endpage' => '1832',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0451;',
			'matrices' => ';0124;',
			'techniques' => ';0400;0283;',
			'keywords' => ';0258;',
			'abstract' => 'A flow injection system was constructed using a bromide-selective electrode and used to determine serum bromide in patients with epilepsy. A 10 &micro;L serum sample was injected into a carrier stream flowing at 0.12 mL min-1. Potential changes and bromide concentrations were linearly related in the range 3-50 mM. The lower limit of detection for serum bromide was 1 mM and this electrode sensitivity spanned the entire concentration range required for bromide therapy (9-24 mM). The results compared favourably with those obtained by colorimetry.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:11:09',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '19',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 09:50:01',
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			'pauthor_id' => null,
			'pauthor' => 'Katsu, T.',
			'address' => 'Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Japan.',
			'email' => 'NA',
			'notes' => 'Tel.: + 81 86 2517955; fax: + 81 86 2557456',
			'url' => '10.1016/S0731-7085(96)02017-1',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Potentiometric flow injection determination of serum bromide in patients with epilepsy', J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 1997 15(12) 1829-1832',
			'firstchar' => 'P',
			'twochars' => 'Po',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
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			),
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				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 6 => array(
			'id' => '011641',
			'authors' => 'Ohura, H.;Imato, T.;Yamasaki, S.;Ishibashi, N.',
			'authorsweb' => 'NA',
			'title' => 'Potentiometric FIA of trace phenol',
			'journal' => 'Bunseki Kagaku',
			'journal_id' => '0965',
			'fadid' => 'BUNK1991V0040P00093',
			'year' => '1991',
			'volume' => '40',
			'issue' => '2',
			'startpage' => '93',
			'endpage' => '96',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';1788;',
			'matrices' => '',
			'techniques' => ';0192;0283;0400;',
			'keywords' => '',
			'abstract' => 'Sample was injected into a carrier stream of water and merged with a stream of acidic Br solution The detector, comprising a Br--selective electrode and a Pt electrode in series, measured the potential changes in the initial stage of bromination of phenol. The calibration graph was rectilinear from 5 to 25 &micro;M-phenol. The coefficient of variation was 0.9% for 5 &micro;m-phenol at a sampling rate of 80 h-1.',
			'language' => 'Japanese',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'No',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '0',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 02:16:53',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => null,
			'pauthor' => 'NA',
			'address' => 'NA',
			'email' => 'NA',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.2116/bunsekikagaku.40.2_93',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Potentiometric FIA of trace phenol', Bunseki Kagaku, 1991 40(2) 93-96',
			'firstchar' => 'P',
			'twochars' => 'Po',
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	'id' => '006910',
	'authors' => 'Alegret, S.;Florido, A.;Lima, J.L.F.C.;Machado, A.A.S.C.',
	'authorsweb' => 'S. Alegret*, A. Florido, J. L. F. C. Lima and A. A. S. C. Machado  ',
	'title' => 'Flow-through tubular iodide- and bromide-selective electrodes based on epoxy-resin heterogeneous membranes',
	'journal' => 'Talanta',
	'journal_id' => '0569',
	'fadid' => 'TALT1989V0036P00825',
	'year' => '1989',
	'volume' => '36',
	'issue' => '8',
	'startpage' => '825',
	'endpage' => '829',
	'type' => 'Journal Article',
	'analytes' => ';1275;0451;',
	'matrices' => '',
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"Simultaneous Determination Of Chloride, Bromide, Iodide And Fluoride With Flow Injection - Ion-selective Electrode Systems"
Talanta 1992 Volume 39, Issue 10 Pages 1259-1267

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"Comparison Of The Influence And Contribution Of The Response Times Of Coated Open-tubular Solid-state Bromide- And Chloride-selective Electrodes On The Analytical Throughput (dispersion) In Flow Injection Systems"
Analyst 1992 Volume 117, Issue 1 Pages 51-56

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		'authorsweb' => 'Jacobus F. van Staden',
		'title' => 'Comparison of the influence and contribution of the response times of coated open-tubular solid-state bromide- and chloride-selective electrodes on the analytical throughput (dispersion) in flow injection systems',
		'journal' => 'Analyst',
		'journal_id' => '0864',
		'fadid' => 'ANAL1992V0117P00051',
		'year' => '1992',
		'volume' => '117',
		'issue' => '1',
		'startpage' => '51',
		'endpage' => '56',
		'type' => 'Journal Article',
		'analytes' => '',
		'matrices' => '',
		'techniques' => ';0283;0290;',
		'keywords' => ';0302;0119;',
		'abstract' => 'The cited study was performed for 10 to 5000 mg L-1 of Br- and Cl-. For both electrodes the adsorption rate is independent of concentration. and does not contribute significantly to any decrease in the sampling rate, although the adsorption rate of the Cl-selective electrode in the system is slightly faster than the Br system. For both electrodes the desorption process is mainly responsible for the sampling rate obtained in an optimized flow injection ion-selective electrode system. An electrode memory of the Br-selective electrode is the main reason for the sampling rate of this system being lower than that obtained for a similar flow injection system with a Cl-selective electrode. An evaluation of the influence and contribution of the response times of coated open-tubular solid-state bromide- and chloride-selective electrodes on the anal. throughput (dispersion) in flow injection (FI) systems is presented using concentration ranges of 10^-5000 mg L-1 for bromide and chloride, respectively. For both electrodes the adsorption rate is independent of concentration. and does not contribute significantly to any decrease in the sampling rate, although the adsorption rate of the chloride-selective electrode in the FI system seems to be slightly faster than the bromide system. For both electrodes the desorption mechanism process is mainly responsible for the sampling rate obtained in an optimized FI-ion-selective electrode system. An electrode memory of the bromide-selective electrode is the main reason for the sampling rate of this system being lower than that obtained for a similar FI system with a chloride-selective electrode.',
		'language' => 'English',
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		'notes' => null,
		'url' => '10.1039/an9921700051',
		'urltype' => 'doi',
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		'notanalyte' => '',
		'citation' => ''Comparison of the influence and contribution of the response times of coated open-tubular solid-state bromide- and chloride-selective electrodes on the analytical throughput (dispersion) in flow injection systems', Analyst, 1992 117(1) 51-56',
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		'id' => '0283',
		'label' => 'Electrode',
		'level1' => 'Electrode',
		'level2' => 'ion selective',
		'level3' => 'bromide',
		'level4' => '',
		'level5' => '',
		'synonyms' => 'Ion selective electrode,ISE',
		'champ' => '',
		'total' => '7',
		'updated' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
		'name' => 'Electrode, ion selective, bromide',
		'nametotal' => 'Electrode, ion selective, bromide**7',
		'first' => 'E'
	),
	'Citation' => array(
		(int) 0 => array(
			'id' => '003929',
			'authors' => 'Slanina, J.;Lingerak, W.A.;Bakker, F.P.',
			'authorsweb' => 'J. Slanina, W. A. Lingerak and F. Bakker',
			'title' => 'The use of ion-selective electrodes in manual and computer controlled flow injection systems',
			'journal' => 'Anal. Chim. Acta',
			'journal_id' => '0584',
			'fadid' => 'ANCA1980V0117P00091',
			'year' => '1980',
			'volume' => '117',
			'issue' => '1',
			'startpage' => '91',
			'endpage' => '98',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0982;',
			'matrices' => ';1079;',
			'techniques' => ';0283;0298;',
			'keywords' => ';0090;',
			'abstract' => 'The performance of ion-selective electrodes in a flow injection system under manual or active computer control is discussed. The response of the fluoride-selective membrane electrode was not Nemstian, and depended on several parameters. With appropriate standardization, the results were quite satisfactory. Precision was typically 3%; 60 determinations per hour are possible in the concentration range 20-200 ppb. The detection limits of the electrodes are below the values found m other measurement modes.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
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			'pauthor' => 'NA',
			'address' => 'Netherlands Energy Research Foundation (E.C.N.), 1755 ZG Petten The Netherlands',
			'email' => 'NA',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1016/0003-2670(80)87008-5',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''The use of ion-selective electrodes in manual and computer controlled flow injection systems', Anal. Chim. Acta, 1980 117(1) 91-98',
			'firstchar' => 'T',
			'twochars' => 'Th',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
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		(int) 1 => array(
			'id' => '005694',
			'authors' => 'Van Staden, J.F.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Jacobus F. van Staden',
			'title' => 'Response time phenomena of coated open-tubular solid-state silver halide-selective electrodes and their influence on sample dispersion in flow injection analysis',
			'journal' => 'Anal. Chim. Acta',
			'journal_id' => '0584',
			'fadid' => 'ANCA1992V0261P00381',
			'year' => '1992',
			'volume' => '261',
			'issue' => '1-2',
			'startpage' => '381',
			'endpage' => '390',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0451;0594;1275;',
			'matrices' => '',
			'techniques' => ';0283;0290;0303;',
			'keywords' => ';0302;0410;0119;',
			'abstract' => 'A comparative study has been made of the response times of coated open-tubular Ag membrane electrodes selective towards Cl-, Br- or I- (cf. Ibid., 1986, 179, 407) as they affect the throughput of flow injection analysis systems. The tubular indicator electrodes were used in conjunction with an Orion 90-02 double-junction reference electrode with 10% KNO3 solution in its outer chamber. The digitized signals were smoothed by applying the DS (data sets) Cat and Smooth operations of the ASYST software; typical background-corrected graphs for the flow injection measurement of halides (10 to 5000 mg l-1) are reproduced. Examination of the leading edges of the various peaks showed that their rate of response was independent of concentration. and did not significantly decrease the sampling rate, although the response of the Br- electrode at the initial peak-formation stages near the baseline was slightly slower than that of the others. The rate of response of the trailing edges was mainly responsible for the sampling rate in an optimized flow injection system, and the I- electrode showed a memory effect, which was largely responsible for the low sampling rate of this system compared with similar systems with the other two electrodes. The contribution of the memory effect or response time phenomena of coated open-tubular solid state chloride-, bromide-, and iodide-selective electrodes on the anal. output in flow injection systems are presented for concentration. ranges between 10 and 5000 mg L-1. The rate of response for the leading edges of all three electrodes due to electrode properties are independent of concentration. and do not contribute significantly to any decrease in sampling rate, although the rate of response of the bromide-selective electrode flow injection analysis (FIA) system seems to be slightly slower than the other two electrode systems at the initial peak-formation stages near the base line. The rate of response for the tailing edges of the different electrodes due to electrode properties is mainly responsible for the sampling rate obtained in an optimized FIA-ISE system. The memory effect of the iodide-selective electrode is mainly responsible for the fact that the sampling rate of this system is very much lower than the sampling rate obtained for similar systems with the other two electrodes. For the bromide-selective electrode system, the slower rate of response due to electrode properties at the tailing edges (especially with high concentrations of bromide) than that of the chloride-selective electrode, contributes mainly to a lower sampling output for the bromide-selective electrode-FIA system when compared with the chloride electrode system.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
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			'pauthor' => '!Van Staden, J.F.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1016/0003-2670(92)80217-U',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Response time phenomena of coated open-tubular solid-state silver halide-selective electrodes and their influence on sample dispersion in flow injection analysis', Anal. Chim. Acta, 1992 261(1-2) 381-390',
			'firstchar' => 'R',
			'twochars' => 'Re',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
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			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
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		),
		(int) 2 => array(
			'id' => '006910',
			'authors' => 'Alegret, S.;Florido, A.;Lima, J.L.F.C.;Machado, A.A.S.C.',
			'authorsweb' => 'S. Alegret*, A. Florido, J. L. F. C. Lima and A. A. S. C. Machado  ',
			'title' => 'Flow-through tubular iodide- and bromide-selective electrodes based on epoxy-resin heterogeneous membranes',
			'journal' => 'Talanta',
			'journal_id' => '0569',
			'fadid' => 'TALT1989V0036P00825',
			'year' => '1989',
			'volume' => '36',
			'issue' => '8',
			'startpage' => '825',
			'endpage' => '829',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';1275;0451;',
			'matrices' => '',
			'techniques' => ';0283;0303;',
			'keywords' => ';0217;0253;0385;0213;',
			'abstract' => 'The electrodes were made from 4-mm lengths of Perspex tubing (1 cm o.d., 8 mm i.d.), which were filled with Ag-containing conductive epoxy-resin to which a shielded cable was then attached. A hole (1.75 mm diameter) was drilled through the centre, which was then packed with powdered AgX - Ag2S mixture (X = I or Br) dispersed in non-conductive epoxy-resin. A central channel (0.75 mm diameter) was then drilled leaving a membrane of 0.5-mm thickness. The response characteristics were evaluated in a low-dispersion flow injection system, and both showed a Nernstian response between 50 &micro;M and 0.1 M with good reproducibility and a rapid response that permitted a sampling rate of 60 h-1. Operational pH ranges for I- and Br- were 2.5 to 11 and 3 to 10, respectively. Interference by several ions is reported; I- must be absent in determinations with the Br- electrode.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
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			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '11',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 14:55:17',
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			'pauthor_id' => '00788',
			'pauthor' => '!Alegret, S.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1016/0039-9140(89)80162-6',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Flow-through tubular iodide- and bromide-selective electrodes based on epoxy-resin heterogeneous membranes', Talanta, 1989 36(8) 825-829',
			'firstchar' => 'F',
			'twochars' => 'Fl',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
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				[maximum depth reached]
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			)
		),
		(int) 3 => array(
			'id' => '006998',
			'authors' => 'Najib, F.M.;Othman, S.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Fadhil M. Najib* and Shireen Othman,  ',
			'title' => 'Simultaneous determination of chloride, bromide, iodide and fluoride with flow injection - ion-selective electrode systems',
			'journal' => 'Talanta',
			'journal_id' => '0569',
			'fadid' => 'TALT1992V0039P01259',
			'year' => '1992',
			'volume' => '39',
			'issue' => '10',
			'startpage' => '1259',
			'endpage' => '1267',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;0451;1275;0982;',
			'matrices' => ';0372;',
			'techniques' => ';0283;0290;0298;0303;',
			'keywords' => ';0258;0320;0217;',
			'abstract' => 'Electrodes for Cl-, Br- and I- were constructed (preparation described) from Ag2 - AgCl or AgBr (1:1) and Ag2S - AgI (1:3); for F- a commercial electrode was used. By combining the electrodes and suppressor columns of AgCl and amalgamated Pb, the ions were simultaneously determined in a carrier stream (0.5 mL min-1) of e.g. 0.1 M HClO4 at pH 4.0. The calibration graphs were rectilinear down to 100, 5, 1 and 5 &micro;M for Cl-, Br-, I- and F-, respectively. The reproducibility was 1% for the determination of the halides in eight water samples, the results agreed well with those obtained by three reference methods. Flow-through ion-selective electrodes were constructed from compressed pellets (8-10 mm thick, 13 mm diameter, 10 tons/cm2 pressure) of Ag2S/AgX (X = Cl-, Br- or I-) drilled longitudinally (1.5 mm diameter hole) to be suitable for use in flow injection analysis. A column of AgCl (5.5 cm long, 2-3 mm internal diameter) was included in the Cl- electrode manifold to remove interferences from 10^-4 M Br- and 3 x 10^-5 M I- and S2-. A column of amalgamated lead (2-3 cm long, 2-3 mm internal diameter) was used in the Br--electrode manifold to remove interference from 2 x 10^-5 M I-, 3 x 10^-5 M S2- and 7 x 10^-4 M Cl-. These columns and the addition of ascorbic acid were not required when I- was determined with the iodide electrode. The carrier stream was 0.1 M sodium perchlorate (pH 4) at a flow-rate of 0.5 mL/min. The sample pH could be 4-7. Simultaneous determination of Cl- and I-, Cl-, I- and Br-, and Cl-, I-, Br- and F- ions was possible with combinations of the corresponding electrodes and columns in series and/or parallel in specially designed manifolds. Calibration plots were linear, with almost theoretical slopes, down to 10^-6 M I-, 5 x 10^-6 M Br-, 10^-4 M Cl- and 5 x 10^-6 M F-, with precision better than 1%. Sampling rates for single-ion determinations were 72, 102, 90 and 80 per h for the one-, two-, three- and four-electrode systems respectively. Determinations of these ions in water samples by the recommended procedure and by established batch methods showed no significant difference at the 95% confidence limits in a paired comparison t-test.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '28',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 14:59:47',
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			'pauthor_id' => null,
			'pauthor' => 'Najib, F.M.',
			'address' => 'Department of Chemistry, University of Salahaddin, Arbil, Iraq',
			'email' => 'NA',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1016/0039-9140(92)80234-5',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Simultaneous determination of chloride, bromide, iodide and fluoride with flow injection - ion-selective electrode systems', Talanta, 1992 39(10) 1259-1267',
			'firstchar' => 'S',
			'twochars' => 'Si',
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		(int) 4 => array(
			'id' => '007648',
			'authors' => 'Van Staden, J.F.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Jacobus F. van Staden',
			'title' => 'Comparison of the influence and contribution of the response times of coated open-tubular solid-state bromide- and chloride-selective electrodes on the analytical throughput (dispersion) in flow injection systems',
			'journal' => 'Analyst',
			'journal_id' => '0864',
			'fadid' => 'ANAL1992V0117P00051',
			'year' => '1992',
			'volume' => '117',
			'issue' => '1',
			'startpage' => '51',
			'endpage' => '56',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => '',
			'matrices' => '',
			'techniques' => ';0283;0290;',
			'keywords' => ';0302;0119;',
			'abstract' => 'The cited study was performed for 10 to 5000 mg L-1 of Br- and Cl-. For both electrodes the adsorption rate is independent of concentration. and does not contribute significantly to any decrease in the sampling rate, although the adsorption rate of the Cl-selective electrode in the system is slightly faster than the Br system. For both electrodes the desorption process is mainly responsible for the sampling rate obtained in an optimized flow injection ion-selective electrode system. An electrode memory of the Br-selective electrode is the main reason for the sampling rate of this system being lower than that obtained for a similar flow injection system with a Cl-selective electrode. An evaluation of the influence and contribution of the response times of coated open-tubular solid-state bromide- and chloride-selective electrodes on the anal. throughput (dispersion) in flow injection (FI) systems is presented using concentration ranges of 10^-5000 mg L-1 for bromide and chloride, respectively. For both electrodes the adsorption rate is independent of concentration. and does not contribute significantly to any decrease in the sampling rate, although the adsorption rate of the chloride-selective electrode in the FI system seems to be slightly faster than the bromide system. For both electrodes the desorption mechanism process is mainly responsible for the sampling rate obtained in an optimized FI-ion-selective electrode system. An electrode memory of the bromide-selective electrode is the main reason for the sampling rate of this system being lower than that obtained for a similar FI system with a chloride-selective electrode.',
			'language' => 'English',
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			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1039/an9921700051',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Comparison of the influence and contribution of the response times of coated open-tubular solid-state bromide- and chloride-selective electrodes on the analytical throughput (dispersion) in flow injection systems', Analyst, 1992 117(1) 51-56',
			'firstchar' => 'C',
			'twochars' => 'Co',
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		(int) 5 => array(
			'id' => '010437',
			'authors' => 'Katsu, T.;Mori, Y.;Matsuka, N.;Gomita, Y.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Takashi Katsu*, Yuki Moria, Naoyuki Matsukab and Yutaka Gomitab',
			'title' => 'Potentiometric flow injection determination of serum bromide in patients with epilepsy',
			'journal' => 'J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal.',
			'journal_id' => '0632',
			'fadid' => 'JPBA1997V0015P01829',
			'year' => '1997',
			'volume' => '15',
			'issue' => '12',
			'startpage' => '1829',
			'endpage' => '1832',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0451;',
			'matrices' => ';0124;',
			'techniques' => ';0400;0283;',
			'keywords' => ';0258;',
			'abstract' => 'A flow injection system was constructed using a bromide-selective electrode and used to determine serum bromide in patients with epilepsy. A 10 &micro;L serum sample was injected into a carrier stream flowing at 0.12 mL min-1. Potential changes and bromide concentrations were linearly related in the range 3-50 mM. The lower limit of detection for serum bromide was 1 mM and this electrode sensitivity spanned the entire concentration range required for bromide therapy (9-24 mM). The results compared favourably with those obtained by colorimetry.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:11:09',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '19',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 09:50:01',
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			'pauthor_id' => null,
			'pauthor' => 'Katsu, T.',
			'address' => 'Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Japan.',
			'email' => 'NA',
			'notes' => 'Tel.: + 81 86 2517955; fax: + 81 86 2557456',
			'url' => '10.1016/S0731-7085(96)02017-1',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Potentiometric flow injection determination of serum bromide in patients with epilepsy', J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 1997 15(12) 1829-1832',
			'firstchar' => 'P',
			'twochars' => 'Po',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
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			'Analyte' => array(
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		(int) 6 => array(
			'id' => '011641',
			'authors' => 'Ohura, H.;Imato, T.;Yamasaki, S.;Ishibashi, N.',
			'authorsweb' => 'NA',
			'title' => 'Potentiometric FIA of trace phenol',
			'journal' => 'Bunseki Kagaku',
			'journal_id' => '0965',
			'fadid' => 'BUNK1991V0040P00093',
			'year' => '1991',
			'volume' => '40',
			'issue' => '2',
			'startpage' => '93',
			'endpage' => '96',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';1788;',
			'matrices' => '',
			'techniques' => ';0192;0283;0400;',
			'keywords' => '',
			'abstract' => 'Sample was injected into a carrier stream of water and merged with a stream of acidic Br solution The detector, comprising a Br--selective electrode and a Pt electrode in series, measured the potential changes in the initial stage of bromination of phenol. The calibration graph was rectilinear from 5 to 25 &micro;M-phenol. The coefficient of variation was 0.9% for 5 &micro;m-phenol at a sampling rate of 80 h-1.',
			'language' => 'Japanese',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'No',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '0',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 02:16:53',
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			'pauthor_id' => null,
			'pauthor' => 'NA',
			'address' => 'NA',
			'email' => 'NA',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.2116/bunsekikagaku.40.2_93',
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"Potentiometric Flow Injection Determination Of Serum Bromide In Patients With Epilepsy"
J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 1997 Volume 15, Issue 12 Pages 1829-1832

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			'abstract' => 'A comparative study has been made of the response times of coated open-tubular Ag membrane electrodes selective towards Cl-, Br- or I- (cf. Ibid., 1986, 179, 407) as they affect the throughput of flow injection analysis systems. The tubular indicator electrodes were used in conjunction with an Orion 90-02 double-junction reference electrode with 10% KNO3 solution in its outer chamber. The digitized signals were smoothed by applying the DS (data sets) Cat and Smooth operations of the ASYST software; typical background-corrected graphs for the flow injection measurement of halides (10 to 5000 mg l-1) are reproduced. Examination of the leading edges of the various peaks showed that their rate of response was independent of concentration. and did not significantly decrease the sampling rate, although the response of the Br- electrode at the initial peak-formation stages near the baseline was slightly slower than that of the others. The rate of response of the trailing edges was mainly responsible for the sampling rate in an optimized flow injection system, and the I- electrode showed a memory effect, which was largely responsible for the low sampling rate of this system compared with similar systems with the other two electrodes. The contribution of the memory effect or response time phenomena of coated open-tubular solid state chloride-, bromide-, and iodide-selective electrodes on the anal. output in flow injection systems are presented for concentration. ranges between 10 and 5000 mg L-1. The rate of response for the leading edges of all three electrodes due to electrode properties are independent of concentration. and do not contribute significantly to any decrease in sampling rate, although the rate of response of the bromide-selective electrode flow injection analysis (FIA) system seems to be slightly slower than the other two electrode systems at the initial peak-formation stages near the base line. The rate of response for the tailing edges of the different electrodes due to electrode properties is mainly responsible for the sampling rate obtained in an optimized FIA-ISE system. The memory effect of the iodide-selective electrode is mainly responsible for the fact that the sampling rate of this system is very much lower than the sampling rate obtained for similar systems with the other two electrodes. For the bromide-selective electrode system, the slower rate of response due to electrode properties at the tailing edges (especially with high concentrations of bromide) than that of the chloride-selective electrode, contributes mainly to a lower sampling output for the bromide-selective electrode-FIA system when compared with the chloride electrode system.',
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			'citation' => ''Response time phenomena of coated open-tubular solid-state silver halide-selective electrodes and their influence on sample dispersion in flow injection analysis', Anal. Chim. Acta, 1992 261(1-2) 381-390',
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			'title' => 'Flow-through tubular iodide- and bromide-selective electrodes based on epoxy-resin heterogeneous membranes',
			'journal' => 'Talanta',
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			'title' => 'Simultaneous determination of chloride, bromide, iodide and fluoride with flow injection - ion-selective electrode systems',
			'journal' => 'Talanta',
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			'abstract' => 'Electrodes for Cl-, Br- and I- were constructed (preparation described) from Ag2 - AgCl or AgBr (1:1) and Ag2S - AgI (1:3); for F- a commercial electrode was used. By combining the electrodes and suppressor columns of AgCl and amalgamated Pb, the ions were simultaneously determined in a carrier stream (0.5 mL min-1) of e.g. 0.1 M HClO4 at pH 4.0. The calibration graphs were rectilinear down to 100, 5, 1 and 5 &micro;M for Cl-, Br-, I- and F-, respectively. The reproducibility was 1% for the determination of the halides in eight water samples, the results agreed well with those obtained by three reference methods. Flow-through ion-selective electrodes were constructed from compressed pellets (8-10 mm thick, 13 mm diameter, 10 tons/cm2 pressure) of Ag2S/AgX (X = Cl-, Br- or I-) drilled longitudinally (1.5 mm diameter hole) to be suitable for use in flow injection analysis. A column of AgCl (5.5 cm long, 2-3 mm internal diameter) was included in the Cl- electrode manifold to remove interferences from 10^-4 M Br- and 3 x 10^-5 M I- and S2-. A column of amalgamated lead (2-3 cm long, 2-3 mm internal diameter) was used in the Br--electrode manifold to remove interference from 2 x 10^-5 M I-, 3 x 10^-5 M S2- and 7 x 10^-4 M Cl-. These columns and the addition of ascorbic acid were not required when I- was determined with the iodide electrode. The carrier stream was 0.1 M sodium perchlorate (pH 4) at a flow-rate of 0.5 mL/min. The sample pH could be 4-7. Simultaneous determination of Cl- and I-, Cl-, I- and Br-, and Cl-, I-, Br- and F- ions was possible with combinations of the corresponding electrodes and columns in series and/or parallel in specially designed manifolds. Calibration plots were linear, with almost theoretical slopes, down to 10^-6 M I-, 5 x 10^-6 M Br-, 10^-4 M Cl- and 5 x 10^-6 M F-, with precision better than 1%. Sampling rates for single-ion determinations were 72, 102, 90 and 80 per h for the one-, two-, three- and four-electrode systems respectively. Determinations of these ions in water samples by the recommended procedure and by established batch methods showed no significant difference at the 95% confidence limits in a paired comparison t-test.',
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			'citation' => ''Simultaneous determination of chloride, bromide, iodide and fluoride with flow injection - ion-selective electrode systems', Talanta, 1992 39(10) 1259-1267',
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"Potentiometric FIA Of Trace Phenol"
Bunseki Kagaku 1991 Volume 40, Issue 2 Pages 93-96

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			'title' => 'Flow-through tubular iodide- and bromide-selective electrodes based on epoxy-resin heterogeneous membranes',
			'journal' => 'Talanta',
			'journal_id' => '0569',
			'fadid' => 'TALT1989V0036P00825',
			'year' => '1989',
			'volume' => '36',
			'issue' => '8',
			'startpage' => '825',
			'endpage' => '829',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';1275;0451;',
			'matrices' => '',
			'techniques' => ';0283;0303;',
			'keywords' => ';0217;0253;0385;0213;',
			'abstract' => 'The electrodes were made from 4-mm lengths of Perspex tubing (1 cm o.d., 8 mm i.d.), which were filled with Ag-containing conductive epoxy-resin to which a shielded cable was then attached. A hole (1.75 mm diameter) was drilled through the centre, which was then packed with powdered AgX - Ag2S mixture (X = I or Br) dispersed in non-conductive epoxy-resin. A central channel (0.75 mm diameter) was then drilled leaving a membrane of 0.5-mm thickness. The response characteristics were evaluated in a low-dispersion flow injection system, and both showed a Nernstian response between 50 &micro;M and 0.1 M with good reproducibility and a rapid response that permitted a sampling rate of 60 h-1. Operational pH ranges for I- and Br- were 2.5 to 11 and 3 to 10, respectively. Interference by several ions is reported; I- must be absent in determinations with the Br- electrode.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
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			'pauthor_id' => '00788',
			'pauthor' => '!Alegret, S.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1016/0039-9140(89)80162-6',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Flow-through tubular iodide- and bromide-selective electrodes based on epoxy-resin heterogeneous membranes', Talanta, 1989 36(8) 825-829',
			'firstchar' => 'F',
			'twochars' => 'Fl',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
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		),
		(int) 3 => array(
			'id' => '006998',
			'authors' => 'Najib, F.M.;Othman, S.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Fadhil M. Najib* and Shireen Othman,  ',
			'title' => 'Simultaneous determination of chloride, bromide, iodide and fluoride with flow injection - ion-selective electrode systems',
			'journal' => 'Talanta',
			'journal_id' => '0569',
			'fadid' => 'TALT1992V0039P01259',
			'year' => '1992',
			'volume' => '39',
			'issue' => '10',
			'startpage' => '1259',
			'endpage' => '1267',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;0451;1275;0982;',
			'matrices' => ';0372;',
			'techniques' => ';0283;0290;0298;0303;',
			'keywords' => ';0258;0320;0217;',
			'abstract' => 'Electrodes for Cl-, Br- and I- were constructed (preparation described) from Ag2 - AgCl or AgBr (1:1) and Ag2S - AgI (1:3); for F- a commercial electrode was used. By combining the electrodes and suppressor columns of AgCl and amalgamated Pb, the ions were simultaneously determined in a carrier stream (0.5 mL min-1) of e.g. 0.1 M HClO4 at pH 4.0. The calibration graphs were rectilinear down to 100, 5, 1 and 5 &micro;M for Cl-, Br-, I- and F-, respectively. The reproducibility was 1% for the determination of the halides in eight water samples, the results agreed well with those obtained by three reference methods. Flow-through ion-selective electrodes were constructed from compressed pellets (8-10 mm thick, 13 mm diameter, 10 tons/cm2 pressure) of Ag2S/AgX (X = Cl-, Br- or I-) drilled longitudinally (1.5 mm diameter hole) to be suitable for use in flow injection analysis. A column of AgCl (5.5 cm long, 2-3 mm internal diameter) was included in the Cl- electrode manifold to remove interferences from 10^-4 M Br- and 3 x 10^-5 M I- and S2-. A column of amalgamated lead (2-3 cm long, 2-3 mm internal diameter) was used in the Br--electrode manifold to remove interference from 2 x 10^-5 M I-, 3 x 10^-5 M S2- and 7 x 10^-4 M Cl-. These columns and the addition of ascorbic acid were not required when I- was determined with the iodide electrode. The carrier stream was 0.1 M sodium perchlorate (pH 4) at a flow-rate of 0.5 mL/min. The sample pH could be 4-7. Simultaneous determination of Cl- and I-, Cl-, I- and Br-, and Cl-, I-, Br- and F- ions was possible with combinations of the corresponding electrodes and columns in series and/or parallel in specially designed manifolds. Calibration plots were linear, with almost theoretical slopes, down to 10^-6 M I-, 5 x 10^-6 M Br-, 10^-4 M Cl- and 5 x 10^-6 M F-, with precision better than 1%. Sampling rates for single-ion determinations were 72, 102, 90 and 80 per h for the one-, two-, three- and four-electrode systems respectively. Determinations of these ions in water samples by the recommended procedure and by established batch methods showed no significant difference at the 95% confidence limits in a paired comparison t-test.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
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			'hits' => '28',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 14:59:47',
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			'pauthor_id' => null,
			'pauthor' => 'Najib, F.M.',
			'address' => 'Department of Chemistry, University of Salahaddin, Arbil, Iraq',
			'email' => 'NA',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1016/0039-9140(92)80234-5',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Simultaneous determination of chloride, bromide, iodide and fluoride with flow injection - ion-selective electrode systems', Talanta, 1992 39(10) 1259-1267',
			'firstchar' => 'S',
			'twochars' => 'Si',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
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		),
		(int) 4 => array(
			'id' => '007648',
			'authors' => 'Van Staden, J.F.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Jacobus F. van Staden',
			'title' => 'Comparison of the influence and contribution of the response times of coated open-tubular solid-state bromide- and chloride-selective electrodes on the analytical throughput (dispersion) in flow injection systems',
			'journal' => 'Analyst',
			'journal_id' => '0864',
			'fadid' => 'ANAL1992V0117P00051',
			'year' => '1992',
			'volume' => '117',
			'issue' => '1',
			'startpage' => '51',
			'endpage' => '56',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => '',
			'matrices' => '',
			'techniques' => ';0283;0290;',
			'keywords' => ';0302;0119;',
			'abstract' => 'The cited study was performed for 10 to 5000 mg L-1 of Br- and Cl-. For both electrodes the adsorption rate is independent of concentration. and does not contribute significantly to any decrease in the sampling rate, although the adsorption rate of the Cl-selective electrode in the system is slightly faster than the Br system. For both electrodes the desorption process is mainly responsible for the sampling rate obtained in an optimized flow injection ion-selective electrode system. An electrode memory of the Br-selective electrode is the main reason for the sampling rate of this system being lower than that obtained for a similar flow injection system with a Cl-selective electrode. An evaluation of the influence and contribution of the response times of coated open-tubular solid-state bromide- and chloride-selective electrodes on the anal. throughput (dispersion) in flow injection (FI) systems is presented using concentration ranges of 10^-5000 mg L-1 for bromide and chloride, respectively. For both electrodes the adsorption rate is independent of concentration. and does not contribute significantly to any decrease in the sampling rate, although the adsorption rate of the chloride-selective electrode in the FI system seems to be slightly faster than the bromide system. For both electrodes the desorption mechanism process is mainly responsible for the sampling rate obtained in an optimized FI-ion-selective electrode system. An electrode memory of the bromide-selective electrode is the main reason for the sampling rate of this system being lower than that obtained for a similar FI system with a chloride-selective electrode.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
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			'hits' => '4',
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			'pauthor_id' => '00328',
			'pauthor' => '!Van Staden, J.F.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1039/an9921700051',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Comparison of the influence and contribution of the response times of coated open-tubular solid-state bromide- and chloride-selective electrodes on the analytical throughput (dispersion) in flow injection systems', Analyst, 1992 117(1) 51-56',
			'firstchar' => 'C',
			'twochars' => 'Co',
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			'Keyword' => array(
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		(int) 5 => array(
			'id' => '010437',
			'authors' => 'Katsu, T.;Mori, Y.;Matsuka, N.;Gomita, Y.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Takashi Katsu*, Yuki Moria, Naoyuki Matsukab and Yutaka Gomitab',
			'title' => 'Potentiometric flow injection determination of serum bromide in patients with epilepsy',
			'journal' => 'J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal.',
			'journal_id' => '0632',
			'fadid' => 'JPBA1997V0015P01829',
			'year' => '1997',
			'volume' => '15',
			'issue' => '12',
			'startpage' => '1829',
			'endpage' => '1832',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0451;',
			'matrices' => ';0124;',
			'techniques' => ';0400;0283;',
			'keywords' => ';0258;',
			'abstract' => 'A flow injection system was constructed using a bromide-selective electrode and used to determine serum bromide in patients with epilepsy. A 10 &micro;L serum sample was injected into a carrier stream flowing at 0.12 mL min-1. Potential changes and bromide concentrations were linearly related in the range 3-50 mM. The lower limit of detection for serum bromide was 1 mM and this electrode sensitivity spanned the entire concentration range required for bromide therapy (9-24 mM). The results compared favourably with those obtained by colorimetry.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:11:09',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
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			'pauthor' => 'Katsu, T.',
			'address' => 'Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Japan.',
			'email' => 'NA',
			'notes' => 'Tel.: + 81 86 2517955; fax: + 81 86 2557456',
			'url' => '10.1016/S0731-7085(96)02017-1',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Potentiometric flow injection determination of serum bromide in patients with epilepsy', J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 1997 15(12) 1829-1832',
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			'twochars' => 'Po',
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		(int) 6 => array(
			'id' => '011641',
			'authors' => 'Ohura, H.;Imato, T.;Yamasaki, S.;Ishibashi, N.',
			'authorsweb' => 'NA',
			'title' => 'Potentiometric FIA of trace phenol',
			'journal' => 'Bunseki Kagaku',
			'journal_id' => '0965',
			'fadid' => 'BUNK1991V0040P00093',
			'year' => '1991',
			'volume' => '40',
			'issue' => '2',
			'startpage' => '93',
			'endpage' => '96',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';1788;',
			'matrices' => '',
			'techniques' => ';0192;0283;0400;',
			'keywords' => '',
			'abstract' => 'Sample was injected into a carrier stream of water and merged with a stream of acidic Br solution The detector, comprising a Br--selective electrode and a Pt electrode in series, measured the potential changes in the initial stage of bromination of phenol. The calibration graph was rectilinear from 5 to 25 &micro;M-phenol. The coefficient of variation was 0.9% for 5 &micro;m-phenol at a sampling rate of 80 h-1.',
			'language' => 'Japanese',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'No',
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			'hits' => '0',
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			'address' => 'NA',
			'email' => 'NA',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.2116/bunsekikagaku.40.2_93',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Potentiometric FIA of trace phenol', Bunseki Kagaku, 1991 40(2) 93-96',
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	'abstract' => 'Sample was injected into a carrier stream of water and merged with a stream of acidic Br solution The detector, comprising a Br--selective electrode and a Pt electrode in series, measured the potential changes in the initial stage of bromination of phenol. The calibration graph was rectilinear from 5 to 25 &micro;M-phenol. The coefficient of variation was 0.9% for 5 &micro;m-phenol at a sampling rate of 80 h-1.',
	'language' => 'Japanese',
	'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
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	'citation' => ''Potentiometric FIA of trace phenol', Bunseki Kagaku, 1991 40(2) 93-96',
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			'iupac_name' => 'phenol',
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			'synonyms' => 'baker\'s p and s; benzenol; Carbolic acid; Hydroxybenzene; monohydroxy benzene; monophenol; oxybenzene; Phenyl alcohol; Phenic Acid; Phenic; Phenol; Phenol ; phenol alcohol; Phenol, liquid; Phenol, molten; PHENOL REAGENT; Phenol, solid; phenyl hydrate; phenyl hydroxide; Phenylic acid; phenylic acid, phenyl hydroxide; phenylic alcohol',
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include - APP/View/Elements/citation.ctp, line 40
View::_evaluate() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 971
View::_render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 933
View::_renderElement() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 1224
View::element() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 418
include - APP/View/Techniques/view.ctp, line 52
View::_evaluate() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 971
View::_render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 933
View::render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 473
Controller::render() - CORE/Cake/Controller/Controller.php, line 968
Dispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/Cake/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 200
Dispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/Cake/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 167
[main] - APP/webroot/index.php, line 109