Contact Info
Stuart Chalk, Ph.D.
Department of Chemistry
University of North Florida
Phone: 1-904-620-1938
Fax: 1-904-620-3535
Email: schalk@unf.edu
Website: @unf
Electrophoresis
Classification:
Electrophoresis
Citations 9
"Further Studies Into The Development Of A Micro-FIA (µFIA) System Based On Electroosmotic Flow For The Determination Of Phosphate As Orthophosphate"
Anal. Chim. Acta
1999 Volume 382, Issue 1-2 Pages 1-13
Notice (8): Undefined variable: uid [APP/View/Elements/citation.ctp, line 40]G. N. Doku and S. J. HaswellCode Context?><?phpif($uid!='') {$viewFile = '/home/stuchalk/public_html/fad/app/View/Elements/citation.ctp' $dataForView = array( 'data' => array( 'Technique' => array( 'id' => '0243', 'label' => 'Electrophoresis', 'level1' => 'Electrophoresis', 'level2' => '', 'level3' => '', 'level4' => '', 'level5' => '', 'synonyms' => '', 'champ' => '', 'total' => '9', 'updated' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'name' => 'Electrophoresis', 'nametotal' => 'Electrophoresis**9', 'first' => 'E' ), 'Citation' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 1 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 2 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 3 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 4 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 5 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 6 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 7 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 8 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ) ), 'c' => array( 'id' => '001069', 'authors' => 'Doku, G.N.;Haswell, S.J.', 'authorsweb' => 'G. N. Doku and S. J. Haswell', 'title' => 'Further studies into the development of a micro-FIA (µFIA) system based on electroosmotic flow for the determination of phosphate as orthophosphate', 'journal' => 'Anal. Chim. Acta', 'journal_id' => '0584', 'fadid' => 'ANCA1999V0382P00001', 'year' => '1999', 'volume' => '382', 'issue' => '1-2', 'startpage' => '1', 'endpage' => '13', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1841;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0493;0243;', 'keywords' => ';0268;Photolithography;0302;0375;0535;', 'abstract' => 'Photolithographic and wet etching techniques were used to fabricate a µFIA manifold in a borosilicate glass substrate for the spectrophotometric determination of orthophosphate based on the molybdenum blue reaction, employing electroosmotic flow for both the mobilization of reagents and sample injection. The manifold channel dimensions were 200 µm wide and 50 µm deep. An evaluation of the electroosmotic flow characteristics (i.e. voltage, solution concentration/pH ranges and current-voltage relationships) for ascorbic acid, ammonium molybdate and orthophosphate standards, with and without berate buffer present, has been carried out. In addition, the effect that reaction precursors may have on the in situ spectrophotometric detection system is also discussed. Using the optimized operating conditions of 1.75% ascorbic acid and 0.6% ammonium molybdate in 10 mM berate buffer, the calibration model for phosphate standards was found to be linear (y = 0.0036x + 0.0155; correlation coefficient, r2 = 0.9952) over the working range 1-10 µg mL-1. A sampling rate of ~60 samples/h was achieved, with a detection limit of 0.1 µg mL-1 for orthophosphate, with RSDs <5%. The reagent consumption was very low with the total reactant volume in the system estimated to be 0.6 µL and a sample volume of 0.1 µL being required.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '2006-06-01 21:41:54', 'hits' => '6', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 16:29:39', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00192', 'pauthor' => '!Haswell, S.J.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1016/S0003-2670(98)00830-7', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Further studies into the development of a micro-FIA (µFIA) system based on electroosmotic flow for the determination of phosphate as orthophosphate', Anal. Chim. Acta, 1999 382(1-2) 1-13', 'firstchar' => 'F', 'twochars' => 'Fu', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( 'id' => '000222', 'citation_id' => '001069', 'technique_id' => '0243' ), 'Analyte' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), 'Matrix' => array(), 'Keyword' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 1 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 2 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 3 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ) ), 'i' => (int) 0 ) $data = array( 'Technique' => array( 'id' => '0243', 'label' => 'Electrophoresis', 'level1' => 'Electrophoresis', 'level2' => '', 'level3' => '', 'level4' => '', 'level5' => '', 'synonyms' => '', 'champ' => '', 'total' => '9', 'updated' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'name' => 'Electrophoresis', 'nametotal' => 'Electrophoresis**9', 'first' => 'E' ), 'Citation' => array( (int) 0 => array( 'id' => '001069', 'authors' => 'Doku, G.N.;Haswell, S.J.', 'authorsweb' => 'G. N. Doku and S. J. Haswell', 'title' => 'Further studies into the development of a micro-FIA (µFIA) system based on electroosmotic flow for the determination of phosphate as orthophosphate', 'journal' => 'Anal. Chim. Acta', 'journal_id' => '0584', 'fadid' => 'ANCA1999V0382P00001', 'year' => '1999', 'volume' => '382', 'issue' => '1-2', 'startpage' => '1', 'endpage' => '13', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1841;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0493;0243;', 'keywords' => ';0268;Photolithography;0302;0375;0535;', 'abstract' => 'Photolithographic and wet etching techniques were used to fabricate a µFIA manifold in a borosilicate glass substrate for the spectrophotometric determination of orthophosphate based on the molybdenum blue reaction, employing electroosmotic flow for both the mobilization of reagents and sample injection. The manifold channel dimensions were 200 µm wide and 50 µm deep. An evaluation of the electroosmotic flow characteristics (i.e. voltage, solution concentration/pH ranges and current-voltage relationships) for ascorbic acid, ammonium molybdate and orthophosphate standards, with and without berate buffer present, has been carried out. In addition, the effect that reaction precursors may have on the in situ spectrophotometric detection system is also discussed. Using the optimized operating conditions of 1.75% ascorbic acid and 0.6% ammonium molybdate in 10 mM berate buffer, the calibration model for phosphate standards was found to be linear (y = 0.0036x + 0.0155; correlation coefficient, r2 = 0.9952) over the working range 1-10 µg mL-1. A sampling rate of ~60 samples/h was achieved, with a detection limit of 0.1 µg mL-1 for orthophosphate, with RSDs <5%. The reagent consumption was very low with the total reactant volume in the system estimated to be 0.6 µL and a sample volume of 0.1 µL being required.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '2006-06-01 21:41:54', 'hits' => '6', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 16:29:39', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00192', 'pauthor' => '!Haswell, S.J.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1016/S0003-2670(98)00830-7', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Further studies into the development of a micro-FIA (µFIA) system based on electroosmotic flow for the determination of phosphate as orthophosphate', Anal. Chim. Acta, 1999 382(1-2) 1-13', 'firstchar' => 'F', 'twochars' => 'Fu', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 1 => array( 'id' => '007177', 'authors' => 'Andreev, V.P.;Kamenev, A.G.;Popov, N.S.', 'authorsweb' => 'V. P. Andreev*, A. G. Kamenev and N. S. Popov', 'title' => 'Electroinjection analysis. The introduction of a new variant of flow injection analysis and comparison with electrophoretically-mediated microanalysis', 'journal' => 'Talanta', 'journal_id' => '0569', 'fadid' => 'TALT1996V0043P00909', 'year' => '1996', 'volume' => '43', 'issue' => '6', 'startpage' => '909', 'endpage' => '914', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => '', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0243;', 'keywords' => ';0213;0307;', 'abstract' => 'A method of mixing sample and reagent in FIA based on electrophoretically-mediated microanalysis (cf. Bao and Regnier, J. Chromatogr. A., 1992, 608, 217) is presented. The new method, electroinjection analysis, injects sample and reagents at opposite ends of the capillary tube and the mixing is due to the differences in their electrophoretic mobilities. Electroinjection analysis and electrophoretically-mediated microanalysis are compared and discussed.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '4', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 15:04:35', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00442', 'pauthor' => '!Andreev, V.P.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1016/0039-9140(95)01784-4', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Electroinjection analysis. The introduction of a new variant of flow injection analysis and comparison with electrophoretically-mediated microanalysis', Talanta, 1996 43(6) 909-914', 'firstchar' => 'E', 'twochars' => 'El', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 2 => array( 'id' => '010078', 'authors' => 'Villanueva, V.R.;Mardon, M.', 'authorsweb' => 'V. R. Villanueva and M. Mardon', 'title' => 'Chromatography, flow injection analysis and electrophoresis in computer assisted comparative biochemistry: its application and possibilities in clinical research. Preliminary studies on Crohns disease', 'journal' => 'J. Chromatogr. A', 'journal_id' => '0619', 'fadid' => 'JCRA1988V0440P00261', 'year' => '1988', 'volume' => '440', 'issue' => '1', 'startpage' => '261', 'endpage' => '273', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0160;1057;0155;', 'matrices' => ';0104;', 'techniques' => ';0046;0030;0243;', 'keywords' => ';0090;0078;0278;', 'abstract' => 'A computer-assisted multicomponent analytical system, developed for comparative biochemical studies, was used for a clinical study of Crohn's disease in which 73 subjects, of comparable age and sex distribution, were considered: 40 with Crohn's disease, 16 with ulcerative colitis and 17 healthy volunteers as controls. Blood samples (5 ml) were taken to recover plasma and red cells. After extraction and fractionation of low- and high-molecular weight substances, the samples were analyzed by ion-exchange chromatography and electrophoresis. The contents of amino acids, sugars, polyamines and proteins in the plasma and the red cells from the three groups of individuals were compared using statistical (means, variance, principal components analysis) and graphical profile methods. The first results indicate that the content of red cells, in comparison with plasma, allows the best differentiation of the three groups of subjects considered. In particular, the amino acids (Asp, Thr, Ser, Glu, Gly, Ala and Leu), the polyamines (spermidine and spermine) and glucose, show the most significant differences. The methodology followed and the results obtained, together with possible uses of this computer-assisted multicomponent analytical system in problems concerning clinical research, are discussed.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '16', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 19:05:10', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'NA', 'address' => 'Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles Cnrs Gif-sur-Yvette France.', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1016/S0021-9673(00)94529-1', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Chromatography, flow injection analysis and electrophoresis in computer assisted comparative biochemistry: its application and possibilities in clinical research. Preliminary studies on Crohns disease', J. Chromatogr. A, 1988 440(1) 261-273', 'firstchar' => 'C', 'twochars' => 'Ch', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 3 => array( 'id' => '011977', 'authors' => 'Emmer, A.;Roeraade, J.', 'authorsweb' => 'Å. Emmer and J. Roeraade', 'title' => 'Micro enzymic assay coupled to capillary electrophoresis via liquid junction', 'journal' => 'Chromatographia', 'journal_id' => '0984', 'fadid' => 'CRGR1994V0039P00271', 'year' => '1994', 'volume' => '39', 'issue' => '5-6', 'startpage' => '271', 'endpage' => '278', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1063;1053;', 'matrices' => 'NA', 'techniques' => ';0243;', 'keywords' => ';0446;0339;', 'abstract' => 'A improved setup for a previously described capillary electrophoresis system combined with an online enzymatic assay (cf. J. Chromatogr. A, 1994, 662, 275) was evaluated for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase. The old configuration involved a post-column reactor with a press-driven substrate flow; the new setup involved an electrically controlled substrate flow. The post-column reactor was coupled to the separation capillary by a liquid junction. Two different setups are described: (i) a high-voltage supply connected between the injector and the outlet of the reaction capillary; and (ii) two high-voltage supplies connected between the injector and the Tee and the Tee and the outlet of the reaction capillary, respectively (details given). The setup allowed capillaries of the same diameter to be used for the separation and the post-column reaction, which meant that dilution of solutes was minimized resulting in better detection sensitivity. Also, stopped-flow procedures could be carried out allowing enhanced reaction product formation. The method offers a high degree of freedom in optimizing the separation and enzymatic reaction conditions individually. Results are discussed.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'No', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '6', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 09:02:43', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'NA', 'address' => 'Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1007/BF02274513', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Micro enzymic assay coupled to capillary electrophoresis via liquid junction', Chromatographia, 1994 39(5-6) 271-278', 'firstchar' => 'M', 'twochars' => 'Mi', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 4 => array( 'id' => '012241', 'authors' => 'Issaq, H.J.;Chan, K.C.', 'authorsweb' => 'Haleem J. Issaq, King C. Chan', 'title' => 'Separation and detection of amino acids and their enantiomers by capillary electrophoresis: a review', 'journal' => 'Electrophoresis', 'journal_id' => '1004', 'fadid' => 'ECPH1995V0016P00467', 'year' => '1995', 'volume' => '16', 'issue' => '1', 'startpage' => '467', 'endpage' => '480', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => '', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0243;', 'keywords' => ';0339;0345;0389;', 'abstract' => 'Since its introduction as an analytical technique capillary electrophoresis has been used for the separation of amino acids and their enantiomers; over 150 studies have been published to date. This review deals with their separation and detection. Amino acids have been resolved using both capillary zone electrophoresis and micellar electrokinetic chromatography. Pre-column derivatization schemes which are employed for the sensitive detection of amino acids are discussed. Criteria for the selection of the pre- or post-column derivatizing agent, chromophore or fluorophore, are presented. Detection systems, direct and indirect, that have been used are given with emphasis on fluorogenic reagents and laser induced fluorescence detection. Also, procedures for the separation of amino acid enantiomers are discussed and illustrated.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'No', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '4', 'urlcheck' => '2014-11-25 23:04:14', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found (Array)', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'Issaq, H.J.', 'address' => 'Program Resources, Inc./DynCorp, NCI-Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center, Frederick, MD USA', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1002/elps.1150160178', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'no', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Separation and detection of amino acids and their enantiomers by capillary electrophoresis: a review', Electrophoresis, 1995 16(1) 467-480', 'firstchar' => 'S', 'twochars' => 'Se', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 5 => array( 'id' => '014358', 'authors' => 'Shmidt, J.L.;Cheh, H.Y.', 'authorsweb' => 'Joseph L. Shmidt; Huk Y. Cheh', 'title' => 'Continuous free-flow electrophoresis in an alternating two-dimensional electric field', 'journal' => 'Sep. Sci. Technol.', 'journal_id' => '0835', 'fadid' => 'SSCT1991V0026P00947', 'year' => '1991', 'volume' => '26', 'issue' => '7', 'startpage' => '947', 'endpage' => '959', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => '', 'matrices' => 'NA', 'techniques' => ';0243;', 'keywords' => ';0054;', 'abstract' => 'The charged solute moves in three directions, flowing continuously downwards with the main buffer and migrating electrophoretically in two other perpendicular directions. Particles are fractionated in proportion to the squares of their electrophoretic mobilities. The method is expected to show good resolution for the separation of peptides, proteins and organelles.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '2011-01-16 12:54:12', 'hits' => '4', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 02:20:46', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'NA', 'address' => 'Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027 USA', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1080/01496399108050506', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Continuous free-flow electrophoresis in an alternating two-dimensional electric field', Sep. Sci. Technol., 1991 26(7) 947-959', 'firstchar' => 'C', 'twochars' => 'Co', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 6 => array( 'id' => '016080', 'authors' => 'He, F.-Y.;Liu, A.-L.;Yuan, J.-H.;Coltro, W.K.T.;Carrilho, E.;Xia, X.-H.', 'authorsweb' => 'Feng-Yun He, Ai-Lin Liu, Jin-Hua Yuan, Wendell Karlos Tomazelli Coltro, Emanuel Carrilho and Xing-Hua Xia', 'title' => 'Electrokinetic control of fluid in plastified laser-printed poly(ethylene terephthalate)-toner microchips', 'journal' => 'Anal. Bioanal. Chem.', 'journal_id' => '0938', 'fadid' => 'ABAC2005V0382P00192', 'year' => '2005', 'volume' => '382', 'issue' => '1', 'startpage' => '192', 'endpage' => '197', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0856;0548;', 'matrices' => 'NA', 'techniques' => ';0243;', 'keywords' => ';0535;', 'abstract' => 'The application of plastified laser-printed poly(ethylene terephthalate)(PET)-toner microchips to capillary electrophoresis was investigated. Electroosmotic flow was observed in the direction of the cathode for the buffer system studied (phosphate, pH 3-10). Average electroosmotic mobilities of 1.71 x 10^-4 to 4.35 x 10^-4 cm2 V-1 s-1 were observed from pH 3 to 10. This variation suggests that silica fillers in the toner and on the surface of the polymer dominate the zeta potential of the material, which is also confirmed by XPS measurements. Dopamine and catechol were used as model analytes for microchip electrophoresis in combination with electrochemical detection. Results show that these two analytes can be efficiently separated and detected electrochemically with the plastified laser-printed PET-toner microchips.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '2006-05-21 10:39:33', 'hits' => '2', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 17:30:33', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'Xia, X.H.', 'address' => 'Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Department of Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, PR China', 'email' => 'xhxia@nju.edu.cn', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1007/s00216-005-3200-x', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Electrokinetic control of fluid in plastified laser-printed poly(ethylene terephthalate)-toner microchips', Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 2005 382(1) 192-197', 'firstchar' => 'E', 'twochars' => 'El', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 7 => array( 'id' => '016249', 'authors' => 'Lin, C.H.;Yang, R.J.;Tai, C.H.;Lee, C.Y.;Fu, L.M.', 'authorsweb' => 'Che-Hsin Lin, Ruey-Jen Yang, Chang-Hsien Tai, Chia-Yen Lee and Lung-Ming Fu', 'title' => 'Double-L injection technique for high performance capillary electrophoresis detection in microfluidic chips', 'journal' => 'J. Micromech. Microeng.', 'journal_id' => '0767', 'fadid' => 'JMMM2004V0014P00639', 'year' => '2004', 'volume' => '14', 'issue' => '4', 'startpage' => '639', 'endpage' => '646', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => '', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0243;', 'keywords' => ';0535;0213;', 'abstract' => 'This paper reports low-leakage injection techniques to deliver sample plugs within double-T-form electrophoresis microchips. Experimental and numerical investigations are used to predict and evaluate the leakage behavior during electrokinetic driving of the sample plugs. The principal material transport mechanisms including traditional cross-form, electro-floating, diffusion sampling injection techniques are discussed in this study. A simple and precise double-L injection technique that employs electrokinetic manipulations to avoid sample leakage within the microchip is also reported. The method needs only one electrical control point during injection and separation, so the control system can be smaller and cheaper. Experimental and numerical results show the proposed injection technique is able to reduce sample leakage significantly. No leakage happens after 16 sample injections using the double-L injection method while leakage usually happens using the traditional cross-form injection technique. The double-L injection technique proposed in this study has a great potential for use in high-precision analysis applications utilizing chip-based capillary electrophoresis.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '2006-06-01 22:01:27', 'hits' => '0', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-23 17:01:47', 'urlcheckcode' => '', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'Fu, L.M.', 'address' => 'Graduate Institute of Materials Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912, Taiwan', 'email' => 'loudyfu@mail.npust.edu.tw', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1088/0960-1317/14/4/027', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'no', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Double-L injection technique for high performance capillary electrophoresis detection in microfluidic chips', J. Micromech. Microeng., 2004 14(4) 639-646', 'firstchar' => 'D', 'twochars' => 'Do', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 8 => array( 'id' => '017148', 'authors' => 'Büttgenbach, S.;Wilke, R.', 'authorsweb' => 'S. Büttgenbach, R. Wilke', 'title' => 'A capillary electrophoresis chip with hydrodynamic sample injection for measurements from a continuous sample flow', 'journal' => 'Anal. Bioanal. Chem.', 'journal_id' => '0938', 'fadid' => 'ABAC2005V0383P00733', 'year' => '2005', 'volume' => '383', 'issue' => '5', 'startpage' => '733', 'endpage' => '737', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => '', 'matrices' => 'NA', 'techniques' => ';0243;0244;', 'keywords' => ';0535;0213;0384;0268;', 'abstract' => 'A microchip-based capillary electrophoresis device supported by a microfluidic network made of poly(dimethylsiloxane), used for measuring target analytes from a continuous sample flow, is presented. The microsystem was fabricated by means of replica molding in combination with standard microfabrication technologies, resulting in microfluidic components and an electrochemical detector. A new hydrodynamic sample injection procedure is introduced, and the maximum number of consecutive measurements that can be made with a poly(dimethylsiloxane) capillary electrophoresis chip with amperometric detection is investigated with respect to reproducibility. The device features a high degree of functional integration, so the benefits associated with miniaturized analysis systems apply to it.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '2007-03-21 10:08:59', 'hits' => '3', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 17:30:58', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'Büttgenbach, S.', 'address' => 'Technical University of Braunschweig, Institute for Microtechnology, Langer Kamp 8, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany', 'email' => 's.buettgenbach@tu-bs.de', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1007/s00216-005-3346-6', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''A capillary electrophoresis chip with hydrodynamic sample injection for measurements from a continuous sample flow', Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 2005 383(5) 733-737', 'firstchar' => 'A', 'twochars' => 'A ', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ) ) ) $c = array( 'id' => '001069', 'authors' => 'Doku, G.N.;Haswell, S.J.', 'authorsweb' => 'G. N. Doku and S. J. Haswell', 'title' => 'Further studies into the development of a micro-FIA (µFIA) system based on electroosmotic flow for the determination of phosphate as orthophosphate', 'journal' => 'Anal. Chim. Acta', 'journal_id' => '0584', 'fadid' => 'ANCA1999V0382P00001', 'year' => '1999', 'volume' => '382', 'issue' => '1-2', 'startpage' => '1', 'endpage' => '13', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1841;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0493;0243;', 'keywords' => ';0268;Photolithography;0302;0375;0535;', 'abstract' => 'Photolithographic and wet etching techniques were used to fabricate a µFIA manifold in a borosilicate glass substrate for the spectrophotometric determination of orthophosphate based on the molybdenum blue reaction, employing electroosmotic flow for both the mobilization of reagents and sample injection. The manifold channel dimensions were 200 µm wide and 50 µm deep. An evaluation of the electroosmotic flow characteristics (i.e. voltage, solution concentration/pH ranges and current-voltage relationships) for ascorbic acid, ammonium molybdate and orthophosphate standards, with and without berate buffer present, has been carried out. In addition, the effect that reaction precursors may have on the in situ spectrophotometric detection system is also discussed. Using the optimized operating conditions of 1.75% ascorbic acid and 0.6% ammonium molybdate in 10 mM berate buffer, the calibration model for phosphate standards was found to be linear (y = 0.0036x + 0.0155; correlation coefficient, r2 = 0.9952) over the working range 1-10 µg mL-1. A sampling rate of ~60 samples/h was achieved, with a detection limit of 0.1 µg mL-1 for orthophosphate, with RSDs <5%. The reagent consumption was very low with the total reactant volume in the system estimated to be 0.6 µL and a sample volume of 0.1 µL being required.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '2006-06-01 21:41:54', 'hits' => '6', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 16:29:39', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00192', 'pauthor' => '!Haswell, S.J.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1016/S0003-2670(98)00830-7', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Further studies into the development of a micro-FIA (µFIA) system based on electroosmotic flow for the determination of phosphate as orthophosphate', Anal. Chim. 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Abstract:
Photolithographic and wet etching techniques were used to fabricate a µFIA manifold in a borosilicate glass substrate for the spectrophotometric determination of orthophosphate based on the molybdenum blue reaction, employing electroosmotic flow for both the mobilization of reagents and sample injection. The manifold channel dimensions were 200 µm wide and 50 µm deep. An evaluation of the electroosmotic flow characteristics (i.e. voltage, solution concentration/pH ranges and current-voltage relationships) for ascorbic acid, ammonium molybdate and orthophosphate standards, with and without berate buffer present, has been carried out. In addition, the effect that reaction precursors may have on the in situ spectrophotometric detection system is also discussed. Using the optimized operating conditions of 1.75% ascorbic acid and 0.6% ammonium molybdate in 10 mM berate buffer, the calibration model for phosphate standards was found to be linear (y = 0.0036x + 0.0155; correlation coefficient, r2 = 0.9952) over the working range 1-10 µg mL-1. A sampling rate of ~60 samples/h was achieved, with a detection limit of 0.1 µg mL-1 for orthophosphate, with RSDs <5%. The reagent consumption was very low with the total reactant volume in the system estimated to be 0.6 µL and a sample volume of 0.1 µL being required.
Phosphate
Miniaturization
Optimization
Reagent consumption
Microfluidic
"Electroinjection Analysis. The Introduction Of A New Variant Of Flow Injection Analysis And Comparison With Electrophoretically-mediated Microanalysis"
Talanta
1996 Volume 43, Issue 6 Pages 909-914
Notice (8): Undefined variable: uid [APP/View/Elements/citation.ctp, line 40]V. P. Andreev*, A. G. Kamenev and N. S. 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P. Andreev*, A. G. Kamenev and N. S. Popov', 'title' => 'Electroinjection analysis. The introduction of a new variant of flow injection analysis and comparison with electrophoretically-mediated microanalysis', 'journal' => 'Talanta', 'journal_id' => '0569', 'fadid' => 'TALT1996V0043P00909', 'year' => '1996', 'volume' => '43', 'issue' => '6', 'startpage' => '909', 'endpage' => '914', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => '', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0243;', 'keywords' => ';0213;0307;', 'abstract' => 'A method of mixing sample and reagent in FIA based on electrophoretically-mediated microanalysis (cf. Bao and Regnier, J. Chromatogr. A., 1992, 608, 217) is presented. The new method, electroinjection analysis, injects sample and reagents at opposite ends of the capillary tube and the mixing is due to the differences in their electrophoretic mobilities. 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Acta, 1999 382(1-2) 1-13', 'firstchar' => 'F', 'twochars' => 'Fu', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 1 => array( 'id' => '007177', 'authors' => 'Andreev, V.P.;Kamenev, A.G.;Popov, N.S.', 'authorsweb' => 'V. P. Andreev*, A. G. Kamenev and N. S. Popov', 'title' => 'Electroinjection analysis. The introduction of a new variant of flow injection analysis and comparison with electrophoretically-mediated microanalysis', 'journal' => 'Talanta', 'journal_id' => '0569', 'fadid' => 'TALT1996V0043P00909', 'year' => '1996', 'volume' => '43', 'issue' => '6', 'startpage' => '909', 'endpage' => '914', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => '', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0243;', 'keywords' => ';0213;0307;', 'abstract' => 'A method of mixing sample and reagent in FIA based on electrophoretically-mediated microanalysis (cf. 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The introduction of a new variant of flow injection analysis and comparison with electrophoretically-mediated microanalysis', Talanta, 1996 43(6) 909-914', 'firstchar' => 'E', 'twochars' => 'El', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 2 => array( 'id' => '010078', 'authors' => 'Villanueva, V.R.;Mardon, M.', 'authorsweb' => 'V. R. Villanueva and M. Mardon', 'title' => 'Chromatography, flow injection analysis and electrophoresis in computer assisted comparative biochemistry: its application and possibilities in clinical research. Preliminary studies on Crohns disease', 'journal' => 'J. Chromatogr. A', 'journal_id' => '0619', 'fadid' => 'JCRA1988V0440P00261', 'year' => '1988', 'volume' => '440', 'issue' => '1', 'startpage' => '261', 'endpage' => '273', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0160;1057;0155;', 'matrices' => ';0104;', 'techniques' => ';0046;0030;0243;', 'keywords' => ';0090;0078;0278;', 'abstract' => 'A computer-assisted multicomponent analytical system, developed for comparative biochemical studies, was used for a clinical study of Crohn's disease in which 73 subjects, of comparable age and sex distribution, were considered: 40 with Crohn's disease, 16 with ulcerative colitis and 17 healthy volunteers as controls. Blood samples (5 ml) were taken to recover plasma and red cells. After extraction and fractionation of low- and high-molecular weight substances, the samples were analyzed by ion-exchange chromatography and electrophoresis. The contents of amino acids, sugars, polyamines and proteins in the plasma and the red cells from the three groups of individuals were compared using statistical (means, variance, principal components analysis) and graphical profile methods. The first results indicate that the content of red cells, in comparison with plasma, allows the best differentiation of the three groups of subjects considered. In particular, the amino acids (Asp, Thr, Ser, Glu, Gly, Ala and Leu), the polyamines (spermidine and spermine) and glucose, show the most significant differences. The methodology followed and the results obtained, together with possible uses of this computer-assisted multicomponent analytical system in problems concerning clinical research, are discussed.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '16', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 19:05:10', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'NA', 'address' => 'Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles Cnrs Gif-sur-Yvette France.', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1016/S0021-9673(00)94529-1', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Chromatography, flow injection analysis and electrophoresis in computer assisted comparative biochemistry: its application and possibilities in clinical research. Preliminary studies on Crohns disease', J. Chromatogr. A, 1988 440(1) 261-273', 'firstchar' => 'C', 'twochars' => 'Ch', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 3 => array( 'id' => '011977', 'authors' => 'Emmer, A.;Roeraade, J.', 'authorsweb' => 'Å. Emmer and J. Roeraade', 'title' => 'Micro enzymic assay coupled to capillary electrophoresis via liquid junction', 'journal' => 'Chromatographia', 'journal_id' => '0984', 'fadid' => 'CRGR1994V0039P00271', 'year' => '1994', 'volume' => '39', 'issue' => '5-6', 'startpage' => '271', 'endpage' => '278', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1063;1053;', 'matrices' => 'NA', 'techniques' => ';0243;', 'keywords' => ';0446;0339;', 'abstract' => 'A improved setup for a previously described capillary electrophoresis system combined with an online enzymatic assay (cf. J. Chromatogr. A, 1994, 662, 275) was evaluated for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase. The old configuration involved a post-column reactor with a press-driven substrate flow; the new setup involved an electrically controlled substrate flow. The post-column reactor was coupled to the separation capillary by a liquid junction. Two different setups are described: (i) a high-voltage supply connected between the injector and the outlet of the reaction capillary; and (ii) two high-voltage supplies connected between the injector and the Tee and the Tee and the outlet of the reaction capillary, respectively (details given). The setup allowed capillaries of the same diameter to be used for the separation and the post-column reaction, which meant that dilution of solutes was minimized resulting in better detection sensitivity. Also, stopped-flow procedures could be carried out allowing enhanced reaction product formation. The method offers a high degree of freedom in optimizing the separation and enzymatic reaction conditions individually. Results are discussed.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'No', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '6', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 09:02:43', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'NA', 'address' => 'Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1007/BF02274513', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Micro enzymic assay coupled to capillary electrophoresis via liquid junction', Chromatographia, 1994 39(5-6) 271-278', 'firstchar' => 'M', 'twochars' => 'Mi', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 4 => array( 'id' => '012241', 'authors' => 'Issaq, H.J.;Chan, K.C.', 'authorsweb' => 'Haleem J. Issaq, King C. Chan', 'title' => 'Separation and detection of amino acids and their enantiomers by capillary electrophoresis: a review', 'journal' => 'Electrophoresis', 'journal_id' => '1004', 'fadid' => 'ECPH1995V0016P00467', 'year' => '1995', 'volume' => '16', 'issue' => '1', 'startpage' => '467', 'endpage' => '480', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => '', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0243;', 'keywords' => ';0339;0345;0389;', 'abstract' => 'Since its introduction as an analytical technique capillary electrophoresis has been used for the separation of amino acids and their enantiomers; over 150 studies have been published to date. This review deals with their separation and detection. Amino acids have been resolved using both capillary zone electrophoresis and micellar electrokinetic chromatography. Pre-column derivatization schemes which are employed for the sensitive detection of amino acids are discussed. Criteria for the selection of the pre- or post-column derivatizing agent, chromophore or fluorophore, are presented. Detection systems, direct and indirect, that have been used are given with emphasis on fluorogenic reagents and laser induced fluorescence detection. Also, procedures for the separation of amino acid enantiomers are discussed and illustrated.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'No', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '4', 'urlcheck' => '2014-11-25 23:04:14', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found (Array)', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'Issaq, H.J.', 'address' => 'Program Resources, Inc./DynCorp, NCI-Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center, Frederick, MD USA', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1002/elps.1150160178', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'no', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Separation and detection of amino acids and their enantiomers by capillary electrophoresis: a review', Electrophoresis, 1995 16(1) 467-480', 'firstchar' => 'S', 'twochars' => 'Se', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 5 => array( 'id' => '014358', 'authors' => 'Shmidt, J.L.;Cheh, H.Y.', 'authorsweb' => 'Joseph L. Shmidt; Huk Y. Cheh', 'title' => 'Continuous free-flow electrophoresis in an alternating two-dimensional electric field', 'journal' => 'Sep. Sci. Technol.', 'journal_id' => '0835', 'fadid' => 'SSCT1991V0026P00947', 'year' => '1991', 'volume' => '26', 'issue' => '7', 'startpage' => '947', 'endpage' => '959', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => '', 'matrices' => 'NA', 'techniques' => ';0243;', 'keywords' => ';0054;', 'abstract' => 'The charged solute moves in three directions, flowing continuously downwards with the main buffer and migrating electrophoretically in two other perpendicular directions. Particles are fractionated in proportion to the squares of their electrophoretic mobilities. The method is expected to show good resolution for the separation of peptides, proteins and organelles.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '2011-01-16 12:54:12', 'hits' => '4', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 02:20:46', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'NA', 'address' => 'Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027 USA', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1080/01496399108050506', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Continuous free-flow electrophoresis in an alternating two-dimensional electric field', Sep. Sci. Technol., 1991 26(7) 947-959', 'firstchar' => 'C', 'twochars' => 'Co', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 6 => array( 'id' => '016080', 'authors' => 'He, F.-Y.;Liu, A.-L.;Yuan, J.-H.;Coltro, W.K.T.;Carrilho, E.;Xia, X.-H.', 'authorsweb' => 'Feng-Yun He, Ai-Lin Liu, Jin-Hua Yuan, Wendell Karlos Tomazelli Coltro, Emanuel Carrilho and Xing-Hua Xia', 'title' => 'Electrokinetic control of fluid in plastified laser-printed poly(ethylene terephthalate)-toner microchips', 'journal' => 'Anal. Bioanal. Chem.', 'journal_id' => '0938', 'fadid' => 'ABAC2005V0382P00192', 'year' => '2005', 'volume' => '382', 'issue' => '1', 'startpage' => '192', 'endpage' => '197', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0856;0548;', 'matrices' => 'NA', 'techniques' => ';0243;', 'keywords' => ';0535;', 'abstract' => 'The application of plastified laser-printed poly(ethylene terephthalate)(PET)-toner microchips to capillary electrophoresis was investigated. Electroosmotic flow was observed in the direction of the cathode for the buffer system studied (phosphate, pH 3-10). Average electroosmotic mobilities of 1.71 x 10^-4 to 4.35 x 10^-4 cm2 V-1 s-1 were observed from pH 3 to 10. This variation suggests that silica fillers in the toner and on the surface of the polymer dominate the zeta potential of the material, which is also confirmed by XPS measurements. Dopamine and catechol were used as model analytes for microchip electrophoresis in combination with electrochemical detection. Results show that these two analytes can be efficiently separated and detected electrochemically with the plastified laser-printed PET-toner microchips.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '2006-05-21 10:39:33', 'hits' => '2', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 17:30:33', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'Xia, X.H.', 'address' => 'Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Department of Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, PR China', 'email' => 'xhxia@nju.edu.cn', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1007/s00216-005-3200-x', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Electrokinetic control of fluid in plastified laser-printed poly(ethylene terephthalate)-toner microchips', Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 2005 382(1) 192-197', 'firstchar' => 'E', 'twochars' => 'El', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 7 => array( 'id' => '016249', 'authors' => 'Lin, C.H.;Yang, R.J.;Tai, C.H.;Lee, C.Y.;Fu, L.M.', 'authorsweb' => 'Che-Hsin Lin, Ruey-Jen Yang, Chang-Hsien Tai, Chia-Yen Lee and Lung-Ming Fu', 'title' => 'Double-L injection technique for high performance capillary electrophoresis detection in microfluidic chips', 'journal' => 'J. Micromech. Microeng.', 'journal_id' => '0767', 'fadid' => 'JMMM2004V0014P00639', 'year' => '2004', 'volume' => '14', 'issue' => '4', 'startpage' => '639', 'endpage' => '646', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => '', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0243;', 'keywords' => ';0535;0213;', 'abstract' => 'This paper reports low-leakage injection techniques to deliver sample plugs within double-T-form electrophoresis microchips. Experimental and numerical investigations are used to predict and evaluate the leakage behavior during electrokinetic driving of the sample plugs. The principal material transport mechanisms including traditional cross-form, electro-floating, diffusion sampling injection techniques are discussed in this study. A simple and precise double-L injection technique that employs electrokinetic manipulations to avoid sample leakage within the microchip is also reported. The method needs only one electrical control point during injection and separation, so the control system can be smaller and cheaper. Experimental and numerical results show the proposed injection technique is able to reduce sample leakage significantly. No leakage happens after 16 sample injections using the double-L injection method while leakage usually happens using the traditional cross-form injection technique. The double-L injection technique proposed in this study has a great potential for use in high-precision analysis applications utilizing chip-based capillary electrophoresis.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '2006-06-01 22:01:27', 'hits' => '0', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-23 17:01:47', 'urlcheckcode' => '', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'Fu, L.M.', 'address' => 'Graduate Institute of Materials Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912, Taiwan', 'email' => 'loudyfu@mail.npust.edu.tw', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1088/0960-1317/14/4/027', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'no', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Double-L injection technique for high performance capillary electrophoresis detection in microfluidic chips', J. Micromech. Microeng., 2004 14(4) 639-646', 'firstchar' => 'D', 'twochars' => 'Do', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 8 => array( 'id' => '017148', 'authors' => 'Büttgenbach, S.;Wilke, R.', 'authorsweb' => 'S. Büttgenbach, R. Wilke', 'title' => 'A capillary electrophoresis chip with hydrodynamic sample injection for measurements from a continuous sample flow', 'journal' => 'Anal. Bioanal. Chem.', 'journal_id' => '0938', 'fadid' => 'ABAC2005V0383P00733', 'year' => '2005', 'volume' => '383', 'issue' => '5', 'startpage' => '733', 'endpage' => '737', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => '', 'matrices' => 'NA', 'techniques' => ';0243;0244;', 'keywords' => ';0535;0213;0384;0268;', 'abstract' => 'A microchip-based capillary electrophoresis device supported by a microfluidic network made of poly(dimethylsiloxane), used for measuring target analytes from a continuous sample flow, is presented. The microsystem was fabricated by means of replica molding in combination with standard microfabrication technologies, resulting in microfluidic components and an electrochemical detector. A new hydrodynamic sample injection procedure is introduced, and the maximum number of consecutive measurements that can be made with a poly(dimethylsiloxane) capillary electrophoresis chip with amperometric detection is investigated with respect to reproducibility. The device features a high degree of functional integration, so the benefits associated with miniaturized analysis systems apply to it.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '2007-03-21 10:08:59', 'hits' => '3', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 17:30:58', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'Büttgenbach, S.', 'address' => 'Technical University of Braunschweig, Institute for Microtechnology, Langer Kamp 8, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany', 'email' => 's.buettgenbach@tu-bs.de', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1007/s00216-005-3346-6', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''A capillary electrophoresis chip with hydrodynamic sample injection for measurements from a continuous sample flow', Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 2005 383(5) 733-737', 'firstchar' => 'A', 'twochars' => 'A ', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ) ) ) $c = array( 'id' => '007177', 'authors' => 'Andreev, V.P.;Kamenev, A.G.;Popov, N.S.', 'authorsweb' => 'V. P. Andreev*, A. G. Kamenev and N. S. Popov', 'title' => 'Electroinjection analysis. The introduction of a new variant of flow injection analysis and comparison with electrophoretically-mediated microanalysis', 'journal' => 'Talanta', 'journal_id' => '0569', 'fadid' => 'TALT1996V0043P00909', 'year' => '1996', 'volume' => '43', 'issue' => '6', 'startpage' => '909', 'endpage' => '914', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => '', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0243;', 'keywords' => ';0213;0307;', 'abstract' => 'A method of mixing sample and reagent in FIA based on electrophoretically-mediated microanalysis (cf. Bao and Regnier, J. Chromatogr. A., 1992, 608, 217) is presented. The new method, electroinjection analysis, injects sample and reagents at opposite ends of the capillary tube and the mixing is due to the differences in their electrophoretic mobilities. Electroinjection analysis and electrophoretically-mediated microanalysis are compared and discussed.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '4', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 15:04:35', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00442', 'pauthor' => '!Andreev, V.P.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1016/0039-9140(95)01784-4', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Electroinjection analysis. The introduction of a new variant of flow injection analysis and comparison with electrophoretically-mediated microanalysis', Talanta, 1996 43(6) 909-914', 'firstchar' => 'E', 'twochars' => 'El', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( 'id' => '004078', 'citation_id' => '007177', 'technique_id' => '0243' ), 'Analyte' => array(), 'Matrix' => array(), 'Keyword' => array( (int) 0 => array( 'id' => '0213', 'type' => 'Manifold process', 'keyword' => 'Injection technique', 'newKeyword' => '', 'synonyms' => '', 'fao' => '', 'total' => '59', 'first' => 'I', 'keytotal' => 'Injection technique**59', 'CitationsKeyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 1 => array( 'id' => '0307', 'type' => 'Manifold process', 'keyword' => 'Osmotic flow', 'newKeyword' => '', 'synonyms' => '', 'fao' => '', 'total' => '1', 'first' => 'O', 'keytotal' => 'Osmotic flow**1', 'CitationsKeyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ) ) ) $i = (int) 1 $path = '' $a = '' $url = 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0039-9140(95)01784-4' $aus = 'V. 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Abstract:
A method of mixing sample and reagent in FIA based on electrophoretically-mediated microanalysis (cf. Bao and Regnier, J. Chromatogr. A., 1992, 608, 217) is presented. The new method, electroinjection analysis, injects sample and reagents at opposite ends of the capillary tube and the mixing is due to the differences in their electrophoretic mobilities. Electroinjection analysis and electrophoretically-mediated microanalysis are compared and discussed.
Injection technique
Osmotic flow
"Chromatography, Flow Injection Analysis And Electrophoresis In Computer Assisted Comparative Biochemistry: Its Application And Possibilities In Clinical Research. Preliminary Studies On Crohns Disease"
J. Chromatogr. A
1988 Volume 440, Issue 1 Pages 261-273
Notice (8): Undefined variable: uid [APP/View/Elements/citation.ctp, line 40]V. R. Villanueva and M. 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R. Villanueva and M. Mardon', 'title' => 'Chromatography, flow injection analysis and electrophoresis in computer assisted comparative biochemistry: its application and possibilities in clinical research. Preliminary studies on Crohns disease', 'journal' => 'J. Chromatogr. A', 'journal_id' => '0619', 'fadid' => 'JCRA1988V0440P00261', 'year' => '1988', 'volume' => '440', 'issue' => '1', 'startpage' => '261', 'endpage' => '273', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0160;1057;0155;', 'matrices' => ';0104;', 'techniques' => ';0046;0030;0243;', 'keywords' => ';0090;0078;0278;', 'abstract' => 'A computer-assisted multicomponent analytical system, developed for comparative biochemical studies, was used for a clinical study of Crohn's disease in which 73 subjects, of comparable age and sex distribution, were considered: 40 with Crohn's disease, 16 with ulcerative colitis and 17 healthy volunteers as controls. Blood samples (5 ml) were taken to recover plasma and red cells. After extraction and fractionation of low- and high-molecular weight substances, the samples were analyzed by ion-exchange chromatography and electrophoresis. The contents of amino acids, sugars, polyamines and proteins in the plasma and the red cells from the three groups of individuals were compared using statistical (means, variance, principal components analysis) and graphical profile methods. The first results indicate that the content of red cells, in comparison with plasma, allows the best differentiation of the three groups of subjects considered. In particular, the amino acids (Asp, Thr, Ser, Glu, Gly, Ala and Leu), the polyamines (spermidine and spermine) and glucose, show the most significant differences. The methodology followed and the results obtained, together with possible uses of this computer-assisted multicomponent analytical system in problems concerning clinical research, are discussed.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '16', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 19:05:10', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'NA', 'address' => 'Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles Cnrs Gif-sur-Yvette France.', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1016/S0021-9673(00)94529-1', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Chromatography, flow injection analysis and electrophoresis in computer assisted comparative biochemistry: its application and possibilities in clinical research. Preliminary studies on Crohns disease', J. Chromatogr. A, 1988 440(1) 261-273', 'firstchar' => 'C', 'twochars' => 'Ch', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( 'id' => '008981', 'citation_id' => '010078', 'technique_id' => '0243' ), 'Analyte' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 1 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 2 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), 'Matrix' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), 'Keyword' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 1 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 2 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ) ), 'i' => (int) 2 ) $data = array( 'Technique' => array( 'id' => '0243', 'label' => 'Electrophoresis', 'level1' => 'Electrophoresis', 'level2' => '', 'level3' => '', 'level4' => '', 'level5' => '', 'synonyms' => '', 'champ' => '', 'total' => '9', 'updated' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'name' => 'Electrophoresis', 'nametotal' => 'Electrophoresis**9', 'first' => 'E' ), 'Citation' => array( (int) 0 => array( 'id' => '001069', 'authors' => 'Doku, G.N.;Haswell, S.J.', 'authorsweb' => 'G. N. Doku and S. J. Haswell', 'title' => 'Further studies into the development of a micro-FIA (µFIA) system based on electroosmotic flow for the determination of phosphate as orthophosphate', 'journal' => 'Anal. Chim. Acta', 'journal_id' => '0584', 'fadid' => 'ANCA1999V0382P00001', 'year' => '1999', 'volume' => '382', 'issue' => '1-2', 'startpage' => '1', 'endpage' => '13', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1841;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0493;0243;', 'keywords' => ';0268;Photolithography;0302;0375;0535;', 'abstract' => 'Photolithographic and wet etching techniques were used to fabricate a µFIA manifold in a borosilicate glass substrate for the spectrophotometric determination of orthophosphate based on the molybdenum blue reaction, employing electroosmotic flow for both the mobilization of reagents and sample injection. The manifold channel dimensions were 200 µm wide and 50 µm deep. An evaluation of the electroosmotic flow characteristics (i.e. voltage, solution concentration/pH ranges and current-voltage relationships) for ascorbic acid, ammonium molybdate and orthophosphate standards, with and without berate buffer present, has been carried out. In addition, the effect that reaction precursors may have on the in situ spectrophotometric detection system is also discussed. Using the optimized operating conditions of 1.75% ascorbic acid and 0.6% ammonium molybdate in 10 mM berate buffer, the calibration model for phosphate standards was found to be linear (y = 0.0036x + 0.0155; correlation coefficient, r2 = 0.9952) over the working range 1-10 µg mL-1. A sampling rate of ~60 samples/h was achieved, with a detection limit of 0.1 µg mL-1 for orthophosphate, with RSDs <5%. The reagent consumption was very low with the total reactant volume in the system estimated to be 0.6 µL and a sample volume of 0.1 µL being required.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '2006-06-01 21:41:54', 'hits' => '6', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 16:29:39', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00192', 'pauthor' => '!Haswell, S.J.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1016/S0003-2670(98)00830-7', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Further studies into the development of a micro-FIA (µFIA) system based on electroosmotic flow for the determination of phosphate as orthophosphate', Anal. Chim. Acta, 1999 382(1-2) 1-13', 'firstchar' => 'F', 'twochars' => 'Fu', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 1 => array( 'id' => '007177', 'authors' => 'Andreev, V.P.;Kamenev, A.G.;Popov, N.S.', 'authorsweb' => 'V. P. Andreev*, A. G. Kamenev and N. S. Popov', 'title' => 'Electroinjection analysis. The introduction of a new variant of flow injection analysis and comparison with electrophoretically-mediated microanalysis', 'journal' => 'Talanta', 'journal_id' => '0569', 'fadid' => 'TALT1996V0043P00909', 'year' => '1996', 'volume' => '43', 'issue' => '6', 'startpage' => '909', 'endpage' => '914', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => '', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0243;', 'keywords' => ';0213;0307;', 'abstract' => 'A method of mixing sample and reagent in FIA based on electrophoretically-mediated microanalysis (cf. Bao and Regnier, J. Chromatogr. A., 1992, 608, 217) is presented. The new method, electroinjection analysis, injects sample and reagents at opposite ends of the capillary tube and the mixing is due to the differences in their electrophoretic mobilities. Electroinjection analysis and electrophoretically-mediated microanalysis are compared and discussed.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '4', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 15:04:35', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00442', 'pauthor' => '!Andreev, V.P.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1016/0039-9140(95)01784-4', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Electroinjection analysis. The introduction of a new variant of flow injection analysis and comparison with electrophoretically-mediated microanalysis', Talanta, 1996 43(6) 909-914', 'firstchar' => 'E', 'twochars' => 'El', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 2 => array( 'id' => '010078', 'authors' => 'Villanueva, V.R.;Mardon, M.', 'authorsweb' => 'V. R. Villanueva and M. Mardon', 'title' => 'Chromatography, flow injection analysis and electrophoresis in computer assisted comparative biochemistry: its application and possibilities in clinical research. Preliminary studies on Crohns disease', 'journal' => 'J. Chromatogr. A', 'journal_id' => '0619', 'fadid' => 'JCRA1988V0440P00261', 'year' => '1988', 'volume' => '440', 'issue' => '1', 'startpage' => '261', 'endpage' => '273', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0160;1057;0155;', 'matrices' => ';0104;', 'techniques' => ';0046;0030;0243;', 'keywords' => ';0090;0078;0278;', 'abstract' => 'A computer-assisted multicomponent analytical system, developed for comparative biochemical studies, was used for a clinical study of Crohn's disease in which 73 subjects, of comparable age and sex distribution, were considered: 40 with Crohn's disease, 16 with ulcerative colitis and 17 healthy volunteers as controls. Blood samples (5 ml) were taken to recover plasma and red cells. After extraction and fractionation of low- and high-molecular weight substances, the samples were analyzed by ion-exchange chromatography and electrophoresis. The contents of amino acids, sugars, polyamines and proteins in the plasma and the red cells from the three groups of individuals were compared using statistical (means, variance, principal components analysis) and graphical profile methods. The first results indicate that the content of red cells, in comparison with plasma, allows the best differentiation of the three groups of subjects considered. In particular, the amino acids (Asp, Thr, Ser, Glu, Gly, Ala and Leu), the polyamines (spermidine and spermine) and glucose, show the most significant differences. The methodology followed and the results obtained, together with possible uses of this computer-assisted multicomponent analytical system in problems concerning clinical research, are discussed.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '16', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 19:05:10', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'NA', 'address' => 'Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles Cnrs Gif-sur-Yvette France.', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1016/S0021-9673(00)94529-1', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Chromatography, flow injection analysis and electrophoresis in computer assisted comparative biochemistry: its application and possibilities in clinical research. Preliminary studies on Crohns disease', J. Chromatogr. A, 1988 440(1) 261-273', 'firstchar' => 'C', 'twochars' => 'Ch', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 3 => array( 'id' => '011977', 'authors' => 'Emmer, A.;Roeraade, J.', 'authorsweb' => 'Å. Emmer and J. Roeraade', 'title' => 'Micro enzymic assay coupled to capillary electrophoresis via liquid junction', 'journal' => 'Chromatographia', 'journal_id' => '0984', 'fadid' => 'CRGR1994V0039P00271', 'year' => '1994', 'volume' => '39', 'issue' => '5-6', 'startpage' => '271', 'endpage' => '278', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1063;1053;', 'matrices' => 'NA', 'techniques' => ';0243;', 'keywords' => ';0446;0339;', 'abstract' => 'A improved setup for a previously described capillary electrophoresis system combined with an online enzymatic assay (cf. J. Chromatogr. A, 1994, 662, 275) was evaluated for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase. The old configuration involved a post-column reactor with a press-driven substrate flow; the new setup involved an electrically controlled substrate flow. The post-column reactor was coupled to the separation capillary by a liquid junction. Two different setups are described: (i) a high-voltage supply connected between the injector and the outlet of the reaction capillary; and (ii) two high-voltage supplies connected between the injector and the Tee and the Tee and the outlet of the reaction capillary, respectively (details given). The setup allowed capillaries of the same diameter to be used for the separation and the post-column reaction, which meant that dilution of solutes was minimized resulting in better detection sensitivity. Also, stopped-flow procedures could be carried out allowing enhanced reaction product formation. The method offers a high degree of freedom in optimizing the separation and enzymatic reaction conditions individually. Results are discussed.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'No', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '6', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 09:02:43', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'NA', 'address' => 'Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1007/BF02274513', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Micro enzymic assay coupled to capillary electrophoresis via liquid junction', Chromatographia, 1994 39(5-6) 271-278', 'firstchar' => 'M', 'twochars' => 'Mi', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 4 => array( 'id' => '012241', 'authors' => 'Issaq, H.J.;Chan, K.C.', 'authorsweb' => 'Haleem J. Issaq, King C. Chan', 'title' => 'Separation and detection of amino acids and their enantiomers by capillary electrophoresis: a review', 'journal' => 'Electrophoresis', 'journal_id' => '1004', 'fadid' => 'ECPH1995V0016P00467', 'year' => '1995', 'volume' => '16', 'issue' => '1', 'startpage' => '467', 'endpage' => '480', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => '', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0243;', 'keywords' => ';0339;0345;0389;', 'abstract' => 'Since its introduction as an analytical technique capillary electrophoresis has been used for the separation of amino acids and their enantiomers; over 150 studies have been published to date. This review deals with their separation and detection. Amino acids have been resolved using both capillary zone electrophoresis and micellar electrokinetic chromatography. Pre-column derivatization schemes which are employed for the sensitive detection of amino acids are discussed. Criteria for the selection of the pre- or post-column derivatizing agent, chromophore or fluorophore, are presented. Detection systems, direct and indirect, that have been used are given with emphasis on fluorogenic reagents and laser induced fluorescence detection. Also, procedures for the separation of amino acid enantiomers are discussed and illustrated.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'No', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '4', 'urlcheck' => '2014-11-25 23:04:14', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found (Array)', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'Issaq, H.J.', 'address' => 'Program Resources, Inc./DynCorp, NCI-Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center, Frederick, MD USA', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1002/elps.1150160178', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'no', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Separation and detection of amino acids and their enantiomers by capillary electrophoresis: a review', Electrophoresis, 1995 16(1) 467-480', 'firstchar' => 'S', 'twochars' => 'Se', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 5 => array( 'id' => '014358', 'authors' => 'Shmidt, J.L.;Cheh, H.Y.', 'authorsweb' => 'Joseph L. Shmidt; Huk Y. Cheh', 'title' => 'Continuous free-flow electrophoresis in an alternating two-dimensional electric field', 'journal' => 'Sep. Sci. Technol.', 'journal_id' => '0835', 'fadid' => 'SSCT1991V0026P00947', 'year' => '1991', 'volume' => '26', 'issue' => '7', 'startpage' => '947', 'endpage' => '959', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => '', 'matrices' => 'NA', 'techniques' => ';0243;', 'keywords' => ';0054;', 'abstract' => 'The charged solute moves in three directions, flowing continuously downwards with the main buffer and migrating electrophoretically in two other perpendicular directions. Particles are fractionated in proportion to the squares of their electrophoretic mobilities. The method is expected to show good resolution for the separation of peptides, proteins and organelles.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '2011-01-16 12:54:12', 'hits' => '4', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 02:20:46', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'NA', 'address' => 'Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027 USA', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1080/01496399108050506', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Continuous free-flow electrophoresis in an alternating two-dimensional electric field', Sep. Sci. Technol., 1991 26(7) 947-959', 'firstchar' => 'C', 'twochars' => 'Co', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 6 => array( 'id' => '016080', 'authors' => 'He, F.-Y.;Liu, A.-L.;Yuan, J.-H.;Coltro, W.K.T.;Carrilho, E.;Xia, X.-H.', 'authorsweb' => 'Feng-Yun He, Ai-Lin Liu, Jin-Hua Yuan, Wendell Karlos Tomazelli Coltro, Emanuel Carrilho and Xing-Hua Xia', 'title' => 'Electrokinetic control of fluid in plastified laser-printed poly(ethylene terephthalate)-toner microchips', 'journal' => 'Anal. Bioanal. Chem.', 'journal_id' => '0938', 'fadid' => 'ABAC2005V0382P00192', 'year' => '2005', 'volume' => '382', 'issue' => '1', 'startpage' => '192', 'endpage' => '197', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0856;0548;', 'matrices' => 'NA', 'techniques' => ';0243;', 'keywords' => ';0535;', 'abstract' => 'The application of plastified laser-printed poly(ethylene terephthalate)(PET)-toner microchips to capillary electrophoresis was investigated. Electroosmotic flow was observed in the direction of the cathode for the buffer system studied (phosphate, pH 3-10). Average electroosmotic mobilities of 1.71 x 10^-4 to 4.35 x 10^-4 cm2 V-1 s-1 were observed from pH 3 to 10. This variation suggests that silica fillers in the toner and on the surface of the polymer dominate the zeta potential of the material, which is also confirmed by XPS measurements. Dopamine and catechol were used as model analytes for microchip electrophoresis in combination with electrochemical detection. Results show that these two analytes can be efficiently separated and detected electrochemically with the plastified laser-printed PET-toner microchips.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '2006-05-21 10:39:33', 'hits' => '2', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 17:30:33', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'Xia, X.H.', 'address' => 'Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Department of Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, PR China', 'email' => 'xhxia@nju.edu.cn', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1007/s00216-005-3200-x', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Electrokinetic control of fluid in plastified laser-printed poly(ethylene terephthalate)-toner microchips', Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 2005 382(1) 192-197', 'firstchar' => 'E', 'twochars' => 'El', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 7 => array( 'id' => '016249', 'authors' => 'Lin, C.H.;Yang, R.J.;Tai, C.H.;Lee, C.Y.;Fu, L.M.', 'authorsweb' => 'Che-Hsin Lin, Ruey-Jen Yang, Chang-Hsien Tai, Chia-Yen Lee and Lung-Ming Fu', 'title' => 'Double-L injection technique for high performance capillary electrophoresis detection in microfluidic chips', 'journal' => 'J. Micromech. Microeng.', 'journal_id' => '0767', 'fadid' => 'JMMM2004V0014P00639', 'year' => '2004', 'volume' => '14', 'issue' => '4', 'startpage' => '639', 'endpage' => '646', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => '', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0243;', 'keywords' => ';0535;0213;', 'abstract' => 'This paper reports low-leakage injection techniques to deliver sample plugs within double-T-form electrophoresis microchips. Experimental and numerical investigations are used to predict and evaluate the leakage behavior during electrokinetic driving of the sample plugs. The principal material transport mechanisms including traditional cross-form, electro-floating, diffusion sampling injection techniques are discussed in this study. A simple and precise double-L injection technique that employs electrokinetic manipulations to avoid sample leakage within the microchip is also reported. The method needs only one electrical control point during injection and separation, so the control system can be smaller and cheaper. Experimental and numerical results show the proposed injection technique is able to reduce sample leakage significantly. No leakage happens after 16 sample injections using the double-L injection method while leakage usually happens using the traditional cross-form injection technique. The double-L injection technique proposed in this study has a great potential for use in high-precision analysis applications utilizing chip-based capillary electrophoresis.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '2006-06-01 22:01:27', 'hits' => '0', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-23 17:01:47', 'urlcheckcode' => '', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'Fu, L.M.', 'address' => 'Graduate Institute of Materials Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912, Taiwan', 'email' => 'loudyfu@mail.npust.edu.tw', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1088/0960-1317/14/4/027', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'no', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Double-L injection technique for high performance capillary electrophoresis detection in microfluidic chips', J. Micromech. Microeng., 2004 14(4) 639-646', 'firstchar' => 'D', 'twochars' => 'Do', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 8 => array( 'id' => '017148', 'authors' => 'Büttgenbach, S.;Wilke, R.', 'authorsweb' => 'S. Büttgenbach, R. Wilke', 'title' => 'A capillary electrophoresis chip with hydrodynamic sample injection for measurements from a continuous sample flow', 'journal' => 'Anal. Bioanal. Chem.', 'journal_id' => '0938', 'fadid' => 'ABAC2005V0383P00733', 'year' => '2005', 'volume' => '383', 'issue' => '5', 'startpage' => '733', 'endpage' => '737', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => '', 'matrices' => 'NA', 'techniques' => ';0243;0244;', 'keywords' => ';0535;0213;0384;0268;', 'abstract' => 'A microchip-based capillary electrophoresis device supported by a microfluidic network made of poly(dimethylsiloxane), used for measuring target analytes from a continuous sample flow, is presented. The microsystem was fabricated by means of replica molding in combination with standard microfabrication technologies, resulting in microfluidic components and an electrochemical detector. A new hydrodynamic sample injection procedure is introduced, and the maximum number of consecutive measurements that can be made with a poly(dimethylsiloxane) capillary electrophoresis chip with amperometric detection is investigated with respect to reproducibility. The device features a high degree of functional integration, so the benefits associated with miniaturized analysis systems apply to it.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '2007-03-21 10:08:59', 'hits' => '3', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 17:30:58', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'Büttgenbach, S.', 'address' => 'Technical University of Braunschweig, Institute for Microtechnology, Langer Kamp 8, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany', 'email' => 's.buettgenbach@tu-bs.de', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1007/s00216-005-3346-6', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''A capillary electrophoresis chip with hydrodynamic sample injection for measurements from a continuous sample flow', Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 2005 383(5) 733-737', 'firstchar' => 'A', 'twochars' => 'A ', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ) ) ) $c = array( 'id' => '010078', 'authors' => 'Villanueva, V.R.;Mardon, M.', 'authorsweb' => 'V. R. Villanueva and M. Mardon', 'title' => 'Chromatography, flow injection analysis and electrophoresis in computer assisted comparative biochemistry: its application and possibilities in clinical research. Preliminary studies on Crohns disease', 'journal' => 'J. Chromatogr. A', 'journal_id' => '0619', 'fadid' => 'JCRA1988V0440P00261', 'year' => '1988', 'volume' => '440', 'issue' => '1', 'startpage' => '261', 'endpage' => '273', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0160;1057;0155;', 'matrices' => ';0104;', 'techniques' => ';0046;0030;0243;', 'keywords' => ';0090;0078;0278;', 'abstract' => 'A computer-assisted multicomponent analytical system, developed for comparative biochemical studies, was used for a clinical study of Crohn's disease in which 73 subjects, of comparable age and sex distribution, were considered: 40 with Crohn's disease, 16 with ulcerative colitis and 17 healthy volunteers as controls. Blood samples (5 ml) were taken to recover plasma and red cells. After extraction and fractionation of low- and high-molecular weight substances, the samples were analyzed by ion-exchange chromatography and electrophoresis. The contents of amino acids, sugars, polyamines and proteins in the plasma and the red cells from the three groups of individuals were compared using statistical (means, variance, principal components analysis) and graphical profile methods. The first results indicate that the content of red cells, in comparison with plasma, allows the best differentiation of the three groups of subjects considered. In particular, the amino acids (Asp, Thr, Ser, Glu, Gly, Ala and Leu), the polyamines (spermidine and spermine) and glucose, show the most significant differences. The methodology followed and the results obtained, together with possible uses of this computer-assisted multicomponent analytical system in problems concerning clinical research, are discussed.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '16', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 19:05:10', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'NA', 'address' => 'Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles Cnrs Gif-sur-Yvette France.', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1016/S0021-9673(00)94529-1', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Chromatography, flow injection analysis and electrophoresis in computer assisted comparative biochemistry: its application and possibilities in clinical research. Preliminary studies on Crohns disease', J. Chromatogr. 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Abstract:
A computer-assisted multicomponent analytical system, developed for comparative biochemical studies, was used for a clinical study of Crohn's disease in which 73 subjects, of comparable age and sex distribution, were considered: 40 with Crohn's disease, 16 with ulcerative colitis and 17 healthy volunteers as controls. Blood samples (5 ml) were taken to recover plasma and red cells. After extraction and fractionation of low- and high-molecular weight substances, the samples were analyzed by ion-exchange chromatography and electrophoresis. The contents of amino acids, sugars, polyamines and proteins in the plasma and the red cells from the three groups of individuals were compared using statistical (means, variance, principal components analysis) and graphical profile methods. The first results indicate that the content of red cells, in comparison with plasma, allows the best differentiation of the three groups of subjects considered. In particular, the amino acids (Asp, Thr, Ser, Glu, Gly, Ala and Leu), the polyamines (spermidine and spermine) and glucose, show the most significant differences. The methodology followed and the results obtained, together with possible uses of this computer-assisted multicomponent analytical system in problems concerning clinical research, are discussed.
Amino Acids
Glucose
Amines, poly
Blood Plasma
Computer
Chemometrics
Multicomponent
"Micro Enzymic Assay Coupled To Capillary Electrophoresis Via Liquid Junction"
Chromatographia
1994 Volume 39, Issue 5-6 Pages 271-278
Notice (8): Undefined variable: uid [APP/View/Elements/citation.ctp, line 40]Å. Emmer and J. RoeraadeCode Context?><?phpif($uid!='') {$viewFile = '/home/stuchalk/public_html/fad/app/View/Elements/citation.ctp' $dataForView = array( 'data' => array( 'Technique' => array( 'id' => '0243', 'label' => 'Electrophoresis', 'level1' => 'Electrophoresis', 'level2' => '', 'level3' => '', 'level4' => '', 'level5' => '', 'synonyms' => '', 'champ' => '', 'total' => '9', 'updated' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'name' => 'Electrophoresis', 'nametotal' => 'Electrophoresis**9', 'first' => 'E' ), 'Citation' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 1 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 2 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 3 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 4 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 5 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 6 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 7 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 8 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ) ), 'c' => array( 'id' => '011977', 'authors' => 'Emmer, A.;Roeraade, J.', 'authorsweb' => 'Å. Emmer and J. Roeraade', 'title' => 'Micro enzymic assay coupled to capillary electrophoresis via liquid junction', 'journal' => 'Chromatographia', 'journal_id' => '0984', 'fadid' => 'CRGR1994V0039P00271', 'year' => '1994', 'volume' => '39', 'issue' => '5-6', 'startpage' => '271', 'endpage' => '278', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1063;1053;', 'matrices' => 'NA', 'techniques' => ';0243;', 'keywords' => ';0446;0339;', 'abstract' => 'A improved setup for a previously described capillary electrophoresis system combined with an online enzymatic assay (cf. J. Chromatogr. A, 1994, 662, 275) was evaluated for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase. The old configuration involved a post-column reactor with a press-driven substrate flow; the new setup involved an electrically controlled substrate flow. The post-column reactor was coupled to the separation capillary by a liquid junction. Two different setups are described: (i) a high-voltage supply connected between the injector and the outlet of the reaction capillary; and (ii) two high-voltage supplies connected between the injector and the Tee and the Tee and the outlet of the reaction capillary, respectively (details given). The setup allowed capillaries of the same diameter to be used for the separation and the post-column reaction, which meant that dilution of solutes was minimized resulting in better detection sensitivity. Also, stopped-flow procedures could be carried out allowing enhanced reaction product formation. The method offers a high degree of freedom in optimizing the separation and enzymatic reaction conditions individually. Results are discussed.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'No', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '6', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 09:02:43', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'NA', 'address' => 'Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1007/BF02274513', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Micro enzymic assay coupled to capillary electrophoresis via liquid junction', Chromatographia, 1994 39(5-6) 271-278', 'firstchar' => 'M', 'twochars' => 'Mi', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( 'id' => '011919', 'citation_id' => '011977', 'technique_id' => '0243' ), 'Analyte' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 1 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), 'Matrix' => array(), 'Keyword' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 1 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ) ), 'i' => (int) 3 ) $data = array( 'Technique' => array( 'id' => '0243', 'label' => 'Electrophoresis', 'level1' => 'Electrophoresis', 'level2' => '', 'level3' => '', 'level4' => '', 'level5' => '', 'synonyms' => '', 'champ' => '', 'total' => '9', 'updated' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'name' => 'Electrophoresis', 'nametotal' => 'Electrophoresis**9', 'first' => 'E' ), 'Citation' => array( (int) 0 => array( 'id' => '001069', 'authors' => 'Doku, G.N.;Haswell, S.J.', 'authorsweb' => 'G. N. Doku and S. J. Haswell', 'title' => 'Further studies into the development of a micro-FIA (µFIA) system based on electroosmotic flow for the determination of phosphate as orthophosphate', 'journal' => 'Anal. Chim. Acta', 'journal_id' => '0584', 'fadid' => 'ANCA1999V0382P00001', 'year' => '1999', 'volume' => '382', 'issue' => '1-2', 'startpage' => '1', 'endpage' => '13', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1841;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0493;0243;', 'keywords' => ';0268;Photolithography;0302;0375;0535;', 'abstract' => 'Photolithographic and wet etching techniques were used to fabricate a µFIA manifold in a borosilicate glass substrate for the spectrophotometric determination of orthophosphate based on the molybdenum blue reaction, employing electroosmotic flow for both the mobilization of reagents and sample injection. The manifold channel dimensions were 200 µm wide and 50 µm deep. An evaluation of the electroosmotic flow characteristics (i.e. voltage, solution concentration/pH ranges and current-voltage relationships) for ascorbic acid, ammonium molybdate and orthophosphate standards, with and without berate buffer present, has been carried out. In addition, the effect that reaction precursors may have on the in situ spectrophotometric detection system is also discussed. Using the optimized operating conditions of 1.75% ascorbic acid and 0.6% ammonium molybdate in 10 mM berate buffer, the calibration model for phosphate standards was found to be linear (y = 0.0036x + 0.0155; correlation coefficient, r2 = 0.9952) over the working range 1-10 µg mL-1. A sampling rate of ~60 samples/h was achieved, with a detection limit of 0.1 µg mL-1 for orthophosphate, with RSDs <5%. The reagent consumption was very low with the total reactant volume in the system estimated to be 0.6 µL and a sample volume of 0.1 µL being required.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '2006-06-01 21:41:54', 'hits' => '6', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 16:29:39', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00192', 'pauthor' => '!Haswell, S.J.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1016/S0003-2670(98)00830-7', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Further studies into the development of a micro-FIA (µFIA) system based on electroosmotic flow for the determination of phosphate as orthophosphate', Anal. Chim. Acta, 1999 382(1-2) 1-13', 'firstchar' => 'F', 'twochars' => 'Fu', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 1 => array( 'id' => '007177', 'authors' => 'Andreev, V.P.;Kamenev, A.G.;Popov, N.S.', 'authorsweb' => 'V. P. Andreev*, A. G. Kamenev and N. S. Popov', 'title' => 'Electroinjection analysis. The introduction of a new variant of flow injection analysis and comparison with electrophoretically-mediated microanalysis', 'journal' => 'Talanta', 'journal_id' => '0569', 'fadid' => 'TALT1996V0043P00909', 'year' => '1996', 'volume' => '43', 'issue' => '6', 'startpage' => '909', 'endpage' => '914', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => '', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0243;', 'keywords' => ';0213;0307;', 'abstract' => 'A method of mixing sample and reagent in FIA based on electrophoretically-mediated microanalysis (cf. Bao and Regnier, J. Chromatogr. A., 1992, 608, 217) is presented. The new method, electroinjection analysis, injects sample and reagents at opposite ends of the capillary tube and the mixing is due to the differences in their electrophoretic mobilities. Electroinjection analysis and electrophoretically-mediated microanalysis are compared and discussed.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '4', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 15:04:35', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00442', 'pauthor' => '!Andreev, V.P.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1016/0039-9140(95)01784-4', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Electroinjection analysis. The introduction of a new variant of flow injection analysis and comparison with electrophoretically-mediated microanalysis', Talanta, 1996 43(6) 909-914', 'firstchar' => 'E', 'twochars' => 'El', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 2 => array( 'id' => '010078', 'authors' => 'Villanueva, V.R.;Mardon, M.', 'authorsweb' => 'V. R. Villanueva and M. Mardon', 'title' => 'Chromatography, flow injection analysis and electrophoresis in computer assisted comparative biochemistry: its application and possibilities in clinical research. Preliminary studies on Crohns disease', 'journal' => 'J. Chromatogr. A', 'journal_id' => '0619', 'fadid' => 'JCRA1988V0440P00261', 'year' => '1988', 'volume' => '440', 'issue' => '1', 'startpage' => '261', 'endpage' => '273', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0160;1057;0155;', 'matrices' => ';0104;', 'techniques' => ';0046;0030;0243;', 'keywords' => ';0090;0078;0278;', 'abstract' => 'A computer-assisted multicomponent analytical system, developed for comparative biochemical studies, was used for a clinical study of Crohn's disease in which 73 subjects, of comparable age and sex distribution, were considered: 40 with Crohn's disease, 16 with ulcerative colitis and 17 healthy volunteers as controls. Blood samples (5 ml) were taken to recover plasma and red cells. After extraction and fractionation of low- and high-molecular weight substances, the samples were analyzed by ion-exchange chromatography and electrophoresis. The contents of amino acids, sugars, polyamines and proteins in the plasma and the red cells from the three groups of individuals were compared using statistical (means, variance, principal components analysis) and graphical profile methods. The first results indicate that the content of red cells, in comparison with plasma, allows the best differentiation of the three groups of subjects considered. In particular, the amino acids (Asp, Thr, Ser, Glu, Gly, Ala and Leu), the polyamines (spermidine and spermine) and glucose, show the most significant differences. The methodology followed and the results obtained, together with possible uses of this computer-assisted multicomponent analytical system in problems concerning clinical research, are discussed.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '16', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 19:05:10', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'NA', 'address' => 'Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles Cnrs Gif-sur-Yvette France.', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1016/S0021-9673(00)94529-1', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Chromatography, flow injection analysis and electrophoresis in computer assisted comparative biochemistry: its application and possibilities in clinical research. Preliminary studies on Crohns disease', J. Chromatogr. A, 1988 440(1) 261-273', 'firstchar' => 'C', 'twochars' => 'Ch', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 3 => array( 'id' => '011977', 'authors' => 'Emmer, A.;Roeraade, J.', 'authorsweb' => 'Å. Emmer and J. Roeraade', 'title' => 'Micro enzymic assay coupled to capillary electrophoresis via liquid junction', 'journal' => 'Chromatographia', 'journal_id' => '0984', 'fadid' => 'CRGR1994V0039P00271', 'year' => '1994', 'volume' => '39', 'issue' => '5-6', 'startpage' => '271', 'endpage' => '278', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1063;1053;', 'matrices' => 'NA', 'techniques' => ';0243;', 'keywords' => ';0446;0339;', 'abstract' => 'A improved setup for a previously described capillary electrophoresis system combined with an online enzymatic assay (cf. J. Chromatogr. A, 1994, 662, 275) was evaluated for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase. The old configuration involved a post-column reactor with a press-driven substrate flow; the new setup involved an electrically controlled substrate flow. The post-column reactor was coupled to the separation capillary by a liquid junction. Two different setups are described: (i) a high-voltage supply connected between the injector and the outlet of the reaction capillary; and (ii) two high-voltage supplies connected between the injector and the Tee and the Tee and the outlet of the reaction capillary, respectively (details given). The setup allowed capillaries of the same diameter to be used for the separation and the post-column reaction, which meant that dilution of solutes was minimized resulting in better detection sensitivity. Also, stopped-flow procedures could be carried out allowing enhanced reaction product formation. The method offers a high degree of freedom in optimizing the separation and enzymatic reaction conditions individually. Results are discussed.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'No', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '6', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 09:02:43', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'NA', 'address' => 'Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1007/BF02274513', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Micro enzymic assay coupled to capillary electrophoresis via liquid junction', Chromatographia, 1994 39(5-6) 271-278', 'firstchar' => 'M', 'twochars' => 'Mi', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 4 => array( 'id' => '012241', 'authors' => 'Issaq, H.J.;Chan, K.C.', 'authorsweb' => 'Haleem J. Issaq, King C. Chan', 'title' => 'Separation and detection of amino acids and their enantiomers by capillary electrophoresis: a review', 'journal' => 'Electrophoresis', 'journal_id' => '1004', 'fadid' => 'ECPH1995V0016P00467', 'year' => '1995', 'volume' => '16', 'issue' => '1', 'startpage' => '467', 'endpage' => '480', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => '', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0243;', 'keywords' => ';0339;0345;0389;', 'abstract' => 'Since its introduction as an analytical technique capillary electrophoresis has been used for the separation of amino acids and their enantiomers; over 150 studies have been published to date. This review deals with their separation and detection. Amino acids have been resolved using both capillary zone electrophoresis and micellar electrokinetic chromatography. Pre-column derivatization schemes which are employed for the sensitive detection of amino acids are discussed. Criteria for the selection of the pre- or post-column derivatizing agent, chromophore or fluorophore, are presented. Detection systems, direct and indirect, that have been used are given with emphasis on fluorogenic reagents and laser induced fluorescence detection. Also, procedures for the separation of amino acid enantiomers are discussed and illustrated.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'No', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '4', 'urlcheck' => '2014-11-25 23:04:14', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found (Array)', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'Issaq, H.J.', 'address' => 'Program Resources, Inc./DynCorp, NCI-Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center, Frederick, MD USA', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1002/elps.1150160178', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'no', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Separation and detection of amino acids and their enantiomers by capillary electrophoresis: a review', Electrophoresis, 1995 16(1) 467-480', 'firstchar' => 'S', 'twochars' => 'Se', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 5 => array( 'id' => '014358', 'authors' => 'Shmidt, J.L.;Cheh, H.Y.', 'authorsweb' => 'Joseph L. Shmidt; Huk Y. Cheh', 'title' => 'Continuous free-flow electrophoresis in an alternating two-dimensional electric field', 'journal' => 'Sep. Sci. Technol.', 'journal_id' => '0835', 'fadid' => 'SSCT1991V0026P00947', 'year' => '1991', 'volume' => '26', 'issue' => '7', 'startpage' => '947', 'endpage' => '959', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => '', 'matrices' => 'NA', 'techniques' => ';0243;', 'keywords' => ';0054;', 'abstract' => 'The charged solute moves in three directions, flowing continuously downwards with the main buffer and migrating electrophoretically in two other perpendicular directions. Particles are fractionated in proportion to the squares of their electrophoretic mobilities. The method is expected to show good resolution for the separation of peptides, proteins and organelles.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '2011-01-16 12:54:12', 'hits' => '4', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 02:20:46', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'NA', 'address' => 'Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027 USA', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1080/01496399108050506', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Continuous free-flow electrophoresis in an alternating two-dimensional electric field', Sep. Sci. Technol., 1991 26(7) 947-959', 'firstchar' => 'C', 'twochars' => 'Co', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 6 => array( 'id' => '016080', 'authors' => 'He, F.-Y.;Liu, A.-L.;Yuan, J.-H.;Coltro, W.K.T.;Carrilho, E.;Xia, X.-H.', 'authorsweb' => 'Feng-Yun He, Ai-Lin Liu, Jin-Hua Yuan, Wendell Karlos Tomazelli Coltro, Emanuel Carrilho and Xing-Hua Xia', 'title' => 'Electrokinetic control of fluid in plastified laser-printed poly(ethylene terephthalate)-toner microchips', 'journal' => 'Anal. Bioanal. Chem.', 'journal_id' => '0938', 'fadid' => 'ABAC2005V0382P00192', 'year' => '2005', 'volume' => '382', 'issue' => '1', 'startpage' => '192', 'endpage' => '197', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0856;0548;', 'matrices' => 'NA', 'techniques' => ';0243;', 'keywords' => ';0535;', 'abstract' => 'The application of plastified laser-printed poly(ethylene terephthalate)(PET)-toner microchips to capillary electrophoresis was investigated. Electroosmotic flow was observed in the direction of the cathode for the buffer system studied (phosphate, pH 3-10). Average electroosmotic mobilities of 1.71 x 10^-4 to 4.35 x 10^-4 cm2 V-1 s-1 were observed from pH 3 to 10. This variation suggests that silica fillers in the toner and on the surface of the polymer dominate the zeta potential of the material, which is also confirmed by XPS measurements. Dopamine and catechol were used as model analytes for microchip electrophoresis in combination with electrochemical detection. Results show that these two analytes can be efficiently separated and detected electrochemically with the plastified laser-printed PET-toner microchips.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '2006-05-21 10:39:33', 'hits' => '2', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 17:30:33', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'Xia, X.H.', 'address' => 'Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Department of Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, PR China', 'email' => 'xhxia@nju.edu.cn', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1007/s00216-005-3200-x', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Electrokinetic control of fluid in plastified laser-printed poly(ethylene terephthalate)-toner microchips', Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 2005 382(1) 192-197', 'firstchar' => 'E', 'twochars' => 'El', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 7 => array( 'id' => '016249', 'authors' => 'Lin, C.H.;Yang, R.J.;Tai, C.H.;Lee, C.Y.;Fu, L.M.', 'authorsweb' => 'Che-Hsin Lin, Ruey-Jen Yang, Chang-Hsien Tai, Chia-Yen Lee and Lung-Ming Fu', 'title' => 'Double-L injection technique for high performance capillary electrophoresis detection in microfluidic chips', 'journal' => 'J. Micromech. Microeng.', 'journal_id' => '0767', 'fadid' => 'JMMM2004V0014P00639', 'year' => '2004', 'volume' => '14', 'issue' => '4', 'startpage' => '639', 'endpage' => '646', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => '', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0243;', 'keywords' => ';0535;0213;', 'abstract' => 'This paper reports low-leakage injection techniques to deliver sample plugs within double-T-form electrophoresis microchips. Experimental and numerical investigations are used to predict and evaluate the leakage behavior during electrokinetic driving of the sample plugs. The principal material transport mechanisms including traditional cross-form, electro-floating, diffusion sampling injection techniques are discussed in this study. A simple and precise double-L injection technique that employs electrokinetic manipulations to avoid sample leakage within the microchip is also reported. The method needs only one electrical control point during injection and separation, so the control system can be smaller and cheaper. Experimental and numerical results show the proposed injection technique is able to reduce sample leakage significantly. No leakage happens after 16 sample injections using the double-L injection method while leakage usually happens using the traditional cross-form injection technique. The double-L injection technique proposed in this study has a great potential for use in high-precision analysis applications utilizing chip-based capillary electrophoresis.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '2006-06-01 22:01:27', 'hits' => '0', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-23 17:01:47', 'urlcheckcode' => '', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'Fu, L.M.', 'address' => 'Graduate Institute of Materials Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912, Taiwan', 'email' => 'loudyfu@mail.npust.edu.tw', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1088/0960-1317/14/4/027', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'no', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Double-L injection technique for high performance capillary electrophoresis detection in microfluidic chips', J. Micromech. Microeng., 2004 14(4) 639-646', 'firstchar' => 'D', 'twochars' => 'Do', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 8 => array( 'id' => '017148', 'authors' => 'Büttgenbach, S.;Wilke, R.', 'authorsweb' => 'S. Büttgenbach, R. Wilke', 'title' => 'A capillary electrophoresis chip with hydrodynamic sample injection for measurements from a continuous sample flow', 'journal' => 'Anal. Bioanal. Chem.', 'journal_id' => '0938', 'fadid' => 'ABAC2005V0383P00733', 'year' => '2005', 'volume' => '383', 'issue' => '5', 'startpage' => '733', 'endpage' => '737', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => '', 'matrices' => 'NA', 'techniques' => ';0243;0244;', 'keywords' => ';0535;0213;0384;0268;', 'abstract' => 'A microchip-based capillary electrophoresis device supported by a microfluidic network made of poly(dimethylsiloxane), used for measuring target analytes from a continuous sample flow, is presented. The microsystem was fabricated by means of replica molding in combination with standard microfabrication technologies, resulting in microfluidic components and an electrochemical detector. A new hydrodynamic sample injection procedure is introduced, and the maximum number of consecutive measurements that can be made with a poly(dimethylsiloxane) capillary electrophoresis chip with amperometric detection is investigated with respect to reproducibility. The device features a high degree of functional integration, so the benefits associated with miniaturized analysis systems apply to it.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '2007-03-21 10:08:59', 'hits' => '3', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 17:30:58', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'Büttgenbach, S.', 'address' => 'Technical University of Braunschweig, Institute for Microtechnology, Langer Kamp 8, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany', 'email' => 's.buettgenbach@tu-bs.de', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1007/s00216-005-3346-6', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''A capillary electrophoresis chip with hydrodynamic sample injection for measurements from a continuous sample flow', Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 2005 383(5) 733-737', 'firstchar' => 'A', 'twochars' => 'A ', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ) ) ) $c = array( 'id' => '011977', 'authors' => 'Emmer, A.;Roeraade, J.', 'authorsweb' => 'Å. Emmer and J. Roeraade', 'title' => 'Micro enzymic assay coupled to capillary electrophoresis via liquid junction', 'journal' => 'Chromatographia', 'journal_id' => '0984', 'fadid' => 'CRGR1994V0039P00271', 'year' => '1994', 'volume' => '39', 'issue' => '5-6', 'startpage' => '271', 'endpage' => '278', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1063;1053;', 'matrices' => 'NA', 'techniques' => ';0243;', 'keywords' => ';0446;0339;', 'abstract' => 'A improved setup for a previously described capillary electrophoresis system combined with an online enzymatic assay (cf. J. Chromatogr. A, 1994, 662, 275) was evaluated for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase. The old configuration involved a post-column reactor with a press-driven substrate flow; the new setup involved an electrically controlled substrate flow. The post-column reactor was coupled to the separation capillary by a liquid junction. Two different setups are described: (i) a high-voltage supply connected between the injector and the outlet of the reaction capillary; and (ii) two high-voltage supplies connected between the injector and the Tee and the Tee and the outlet of the reaction capillary, respectively (details given). The setup allowed capillaries of the same diameter to be used for the separation and the post-column reaction, which meant that dilution of solutes was minimized resulting in better detection sensitivity. Also, stopped-flow procedures could be carried out allowing enhanced reaction product formation. 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Abstract:
A improved setup for a previously described capillary electrophoresis system combined with an online enzymatic assay (cf. J. Chromatogr. A, 1994, 662, 275) was evaluated for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase. The old configuration involved a post-column reactor with a press-driven substrate flow; the new setup involved an electrically controlled substrate flow. The post-column reactor was coupled to the separation capillary by a liquid junction. Two different setups are described: (i) a high-voltage supply connected between the injector and the outlet of the reaction capillary; and (ii) two high-voltage supplies connected between the injector and the Tee and the Tee and the outlet of the reaction capillary, respectively (details given). The setup allowed capillaries of the same diameter to be used for the separation and the post-column reaction, which meant that dilution of solutes was minimized resulting in better detection sensitivity. Also, stopped-flow procedures could be carried out allowing enhanced reaction product formation. The method offers a high degree of freedom in optimizing the separation and enzymatic reaction conditions individually. Results are discussed.
Enzyme, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
Enzyme, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase
Stopped-flow
Post-column derivatization
"Separation And Detection Of Amino Acids And Their Enantiomers By Capillary Electrophoresis: A Review"
Electrophoresis
1995 Volume 16, Issue 1 Pages 467-480
Notice (8): Undefined variable: uid [APP/View/Elements/citation.ctp, line 40]Haleem J. Issaq, King C. 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Issaq, King C. Chan', 'title' => 'Separation and detection of amino acids and their enantiomers by capillary electrophoresis: a review', 'journal' => 'Electrophoresis', 'journal_id' => '1004', 'fadid' => 'ECPH1995V0016P00467', 'year' => '1995', 'volume' => '16', 'issue' => '1', 'startpage' => '467', 'endpage' => '480', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => '', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0243;', 'keywords' => ';0339;0345;0389;', 'abstract' => 'Since its introduction as an analytical technique capillary electrophoresis has been used for the separation of amino acids and their enantiomers; over 150 studies have been published to date. This review deals with their separation and detection. Amino acids have been resolved using both capillary zone electrophoresis and micellar electrokinetic chromatography. Pre-column derivatization schemes which are employed for the sensitive detection of amino acids are discussed. Criteria for the selection of the pre- or post-column derivatizing agent, chromophore or fluorophore, are presented. Detection systems, direct and indirect, that have been used are given with emphasis on fluorogenic reagents and laser induced fluorescence detection. Also, procedures for the separation of amino acid enantiomers are discussed and illustrated.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'No', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '4', 'urlcheck' => '2014-11-25 23:04:14', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found (Array)', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'Issaq, H.J.', 'address' => 'Program Resources, Inc./DynCorp, NCI-Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center, Frederick, MD USA', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1002/elps.1150160178', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'no', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Separation and detection of amino acids and their enantiomers by capillary electrophoresis: a review', Electrophoresis, 1995 16(1) 467-480', 'firstchar' => 'S', 'twochars' => 'Se', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( 'id' => '012375', 'citation_id' => '012241', 'technique_id' => '0243' ), 'Analyte' => array(), 'Matrix' => array(), 'Keyword' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 1 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 2 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ) ), 'i' => (int) 4 ) $data = array( 'Technique' => array( 'id' => '0243', 'label' => 'Electrophoresis', 'level1' => 'Electrophoresis', 'level2' => '', 'level3' => '', 'level4' => '', 'level5' => '', 'synonyms' => '', 'champ' => '', 'total' => '9', 'updated' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'name' => 'Electrophoresis', 'nametotal' => 'Electrophoresis**9', 'first' => 'E' ), 'Citation' => array( (int) 0 => array( 'id' => '001069', 'authors' => 'Doku, G.N.;Haswell, S.J.', 'authorsweb' => 'G. N. Doku and S. J. Haswell', 'title' => 'Further studies into the development of a micro-FIA (µFIA) system based on electroosmotic flow for the determination of phosphate as orthophosphate', 'journal' => 'Anal. Chim. Acta', 'journal_id' => '0584', 'fadid' => 'ANCA1999V0382P00001', 'year' => '1999', 'volume' => '382', 'issue' => '1-2', 'startpage' => '1', 'endpage' => '13', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1841;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0493;0243;', 'keywords' => ';0268;Photolithography;0302;0375;0535;', 'abstract' => 'Photolithographic and wet etching techniques were used to fabricate a µFIA manifold in a borosilicate glass substrate for the spectrophotometric determination of orthophosphate based on the molybdenum blue reaction, employing electroosmotic flow for both the mobilization of reagents and sample injection. The manifold channel dimensions were 200 µm wide and 50 µm deep. An evaluation of the electroosmotic flow characteristics (i.e. voltage, solution concentration/pH ranges and current-voltage relationships) for ascorbic acid, ammonium molybdate and orthophosphate standards, with and without berate buffer present, has been carried out. In addition, the effect that reaction precursors may have on the in situ spectrophotometric detection system is also discussed. Using the optimized operating conditions of 1.75% ascorbic acid and 0.6% ammonium molybdate in 10 mM berate buffer, the calibration model for phosphate standards was found to be linear (y = 0.0036x + 0.0155; correlation coefficient, r2 = 0.9952) over the working range 1-10 µg mL-1. A sampling rate of ~60 samples/h was achieved, with a detection limit of 0.1 µg mL-1 for orthophosphate, with RSDs <5%. The reagent consumption was very low with the total reactant volume in the system estimated to be 0.6 µL and a sample volume of 0.1 µL being required.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '2006-06-01 21:41:54', 'hits' => '6', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 16:29:39', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00192', 'pauthor' => '!Haswell, S.J.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1016/S0003-2670(98)00830-7', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Further studies into the development of a micro-FIA (µFIA) system based on electroosmotic flow for the determination of phosphate as orthophosphate', Anal. Chim. Acta, 1999 382(1-2) 1-13', 'firstchar' => 'F', 'twochars' => 'Fu', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 1 => array( 'id' => '007177', 'authors' => 'Andreev, V.P.;Kamenev, A.G.;Popov, N.S.', 'authorsweb' => 'V. P. Andreev*, A. G. Kamenev and N. S. Popov', 'title' => 'Electroinjection analysis. The introduction of a new variant of flow injection analysis and comparison with electrophoretically-mediated microanalysis', 'journal' => 'Talanta', 'journal_id' => '0569', 'fadid' => 'TALT1996V0043P00909', 'year' => '1996', 'volume' => '43', 'issue' => '6', 'startpage' => '909', 'endpage' => '914', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => '', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0243;', 'keywords' => ';0213;0307;', 'abstract' => 'A method of mixing sample and reagent in FIA based on electrophoretically-mediated microanalysis (cf. Bao and Regnier, J. Chromatogr. A., 1992, 608, 217) is presented. The new method, electroinjection analysis, injects sample and reagents at opposite ends of the capillary tube and the mixing is due to the differences in their electrophoretic mobilities. Electroinjection analysis and electrophoretically-mediated microanalysis are compared and discussed.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '4', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 15:04:35', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00442', 'pauthor' => '!Andreev, V.P.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1016/0039-9140(95)01784-4', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Electroinjection analysis. The introduction of a new variant of flow injection analysis and comparison with electrophoretically-mediated microanalysis', Talanta, 1996 43(6) 909-914', 'firstchar' => 'E', 'twochars' => 'El', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 2 => array( 'id' => '010078', 'authors' => 'Villanueva, V.R.;Mardon, M.', 'authorsweb' => 'V. R. Villanueva and M. Mardon', 'title' => 'Chromatography, flow injection analysis and electrophoresis in computer assisted comparative biochemistry: its application and possibilities in clinical research. Preliminary studies on Crohns disease', 'journal' => 'J. Chromatogr. A', 'journal_id' => '0619', 'fadid' => 'JCRA1988V0440P00261', 'year' => '1988', 'volume' => '440', 'issue' => '1', 'startpage' => '261', 'endpage' => '273', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0160;1057;0155;', 'matrices' => ';0104;', 'techniques' => ';0046;0030;0243;', 'keywords' => ';0090;0078;0278;', 'abstract' => 'A computer-assisted multicomponent analytical system, developed for comparative biochemical studies, was used for a clinical study of Crohn's disease in which 73 subjects, of comparable age and sex distribution, were considered: 40 with Crohn's disease, 16 with ulcerative colitis and 17 healthy volunteers as controls. Blood samples (5 ml) were taken to recover plasma and red cells. After extraction and fractionation of low- and high-molecular weight substances, the samples were analyzed by ion-exchange chromatography and electrophoresis. The contents of amino acids, sugars, polyamines and proteins in the plasma and the red cells from the three groups of individuals were compared using statistical (means, variance, principal components analysis) and graphical profile methods. The first results indicate that the content of red cells, in comparison with plasma, allows the best differentiation of the three groups of subjects considered. In particular, the amino acids (Asp, Thr, Ser, Glu, Gly, Ala and Leu), the polyamines (spermidine and spermine) and glucose, show the most significant differences. The methodology followed and the results obtained, together with possible uses of this computer-assisted multicomponent analytical system in problems concerning clinical research, are discussed.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '16', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 19:05:10', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'NA', 'address' => 'Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles Cnrs Gif-sur-Yvette France.', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1016/S0021-9673(00)94529-1', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Chromatography, flow injection analysis and electrophoresis in computer assisted comparative biochemistry: its application and possibilities in clinical research. Preliminary studies on Crohns disease', J. Chromatogr. A, 1988 440(1) 261-273', 'firstchar' => 'C', 'twochars' => 'Ch', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 3 => array( 'id' => '011977', 'authors' => 'Emmer, A.;Roeraade, J.', 'authorsweb' => 'Å. Emmer and J. Roeraade', 'title' => 'Micro enzymic assay coupled to capillary electrophoresis via liquid junction', 'journal' => 'Chromatographia', 'journal_id' => '0984', 'fadid' => 'CRGR1994V0039P00271', 'year' => '1994', 'volume' => '39', 'issue' => '5-6', 'startpage' => '271', 'endpage' => '278', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1063;1053;', 'matrices' => 'NA', 'techniques' => ';0243;', 'keywords' => ';0446;0339;', 'abstract' => 'A improved setup for a previously described capillary electrophoresis system combined with an online enzymatic assay (cf. J. Chromatogr. 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Issaq, King C. Chan', 'title' => 'Separation and detection of amino acids and their enantiomers by capillary electrophoresis: a review', 'journal' => 'Electrophoresis', 'journal_id' => '1004', 'fadid' => 'ECPH1995V0016P00467', 'year' => '1995', 'volume' => '16', 'issue' => '1', 'startpage' => '467', 'endpage' => '480', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => '', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0243;', 'keywords' => ';0339;0345;0389;', 'abstract' => 'Since its introduction as an analytical technique capillary electrophoresis has been used for the separation of amino acids and their enantiomers; over 150 studies have been published to date. This review deals with their separation and detection. Amino acids have been resolved using both capillary zone electrophoresis and micellar electrokinetic chromatography. Pre-column derivatization schemes which are employed for the sensitive detection of amino acids are discussed. Criteria for the selection of the pre- or post-column derivatizing agent, chromophore or fluorophore, are presented. Detection systems, direct and indirect, that have been used are given with emphasis on fluorogenic reagents and laser induced fluorescence detection. Also, procedures for the separation of amino acid enantiomers are discussed and illustrated.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'No', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '4', 'urlcheck' => '2014-11-25 23:04:14', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found (Array)', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'Issaq, H.J.', 'address' => 'Program Resources, Inc./DynCorp, NCI-Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center, Frederick, MD USA', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1002/elps.1150160178', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'no', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Separation and detection of amino acids and their enantiomers by capillary electrophoresis: a review', Electrophoresis, 1995 16(1) 467-480', 'firstchar' => 'S', 'twochars' => 'Se', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 5 => array( 'id' => '014358', 'authors' => 'Shmidt, J.L.;Cheh, H.Y.', 'authorsweb' => 'Joseph L. Shmidt; Huk Y. Cheh', 'title' => 'Continuous free-flow electrophoresis in an alternating two-dimensional electric field', 'journal' => 'Sep. Sci. Technol.', 'journal_id' => '0835', 'fadid' => 'SSCT1991V0026P00947', 'year' => '1991', 'volume' => '26', 'issue' => '7', 'startpage' => '947', 'endpage' => '959', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => '', 'matrices' => 'NA', 'techniques' => ';0243;', 'keywords' => ';0054;', 'abstract' => 'The charged solute moves in three directions, flowing continuously downwards with the main buffer and migrating electrophoretically in two other perpendicular directions. Particles are fractionated in proportion to the squares of their electrophoretic mobilities. The method is expected to show good resolution for the separation of peptides, proteins and organelles.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '2011-01-16 12:54:12', 'hits' => '4', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 02:20:46', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'NA', 'address' => 'Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027 USA', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1080/01496399108050506', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Continuous free-flow electrophoresis in an alternating two-dimensional electric field', Sep. Sci. Technol., 1991 26(7) 947-959', 'firstchar' => 'C', 'twochars' => 'Co', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 6 => array( 'id' => '016080', 'authors' => 'He, F.-Y.;Liu, A.-L.;Yuan, J.-H.;Coltro, W.K.T.;Carrilho, E.;Xia, X.-H.', 'authorsweb' => 'Feng-Yun He, Ai-Lin Liu, Jin-Hua Yuan, Wendell Karlos Tomazelli Coltro, Emanuel Carrilho and Xing-Hua Xia', 'title' => 'Electrokinetic control of fluid in plastified laser-printed poly(ethylene terephthalate)-toner microchips', 'journal' => 'Anal. Bioanal. Chem.', 'journal_id' => '0938', 'fadid' => 'ABAC2005V0382P00192', 'year' => '2005', 'volume' => '382', 'issue' => '1', 'startpage' => '192', 'endpage' => '197', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0856;0548;', 'matrices' => 'NA', 'techniques' => ';0243;', 'keywords' => ';0535;', 'abstract' => 'The application of plastified laser-printed poly(ethylene terephthalate)(PET)-toner microchips to capillary electrophoresis was investigated. Electroosmotic flow was observed in the direction of the cathode for the buffer system studied (phosphate, pH 3-10). Average electroosmotic mobilities of 1.71 x 10^-4 to 4.35 x 10^-4 cm2 V-1 s-1 were observed from pH 3 to 10. This variation suggests that silica fillers in the toner and on the surface of the polymer dominate the zeta potential of the material, which is also confirmed by XPS measurements. Dopamine and catechol were used as model analytes for microchip electrophoresis in combination with electrochemical detection. Results show that these two analytes can be efficiently separated and detected electrochemically with the plastified laser-printed PET-toner microchips.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '2006-05-21 10:39:33', 'hits' => '2', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 17:30:33', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'Xia, X.H.', 'address' => 'Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Department of Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, PR China', 'email' => 'xhxia@nju.edu.cn', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1007/s00216-005-3200-x', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Electrokinetic control of fluid in plastified laser-printed poly(ethylene terephthalate)-toner microchips', Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 2005 382(1) 192-197', 'firstchar' => 'E', 'twochars' => 'El', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 7 => array( 'id' => '016249', 'authors' => 'Lin, C.H.;Yang, R.J.;Tai, C.H.;Lee, C.Y.;Fu, L.M.', 'authorsweb' => 'Che-Hsin Lin, Ruey-Jen Yang, Chang-Hsien Tai, Chia-Yen Lee and Lung-Ming Fu', 'title' => 'Double-L injection technique for high performance capillary electrophoresis detection in microfluidic chips', 'journal' => 'J. Micromech. Microeng.', 'journal_id' => '0767', 'fadid' => 'JMMM2004V0014P00639', 'year' => '2004', 'volume' => '14', 'issue' => '4', 'startpage' => '639', 'endpage' => '646', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => '', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0243;', 'keywords' => ';0535;0213;', 'abstract' => 'This paper reports low-leakage injection techniques to deliver sample plugs within double-T-form electrophoresis microchips. Experimental and numerical investigations are used to predict and evaluate the leakage behavior during electrokinetic driving of the sample plugs. The principal material transport mechanisms including traditional cross-form, electro-floating, diffusion sampling injection techniques are discussed in this study. A simple and precise double-L injection technique that employs electrokinetic manipulations to avoid sample leakage within the microchip is also reported. The method needs only one electrical control point during injection and separation, so the control system can be smaller and cheaper. Experimental and numerical results show the proposed injection technique is able to reduce sample leakage significantly. No leakage happens after 16 sample injections using the double-L injection method while leakage usually happens using the traditional cross-form injection technique. The double-L injection technique proposed in this study has a great potential for use in high-precision analysis applications utilizing chip-based capillary electrophoresis.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '2006-06-01 22:01:27', 'hits' => '0', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-23 17:01:47', 'urlcheckcode' => '', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'Fu, L.M.', 'address' => 'Graduate Institute of Materials Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912, Taiwan', 'email' => 'loudyfu@mail.npust.edu.tw', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1088/0960-1317/14/4/027', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'no', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Double-L injection technique for high performance capillary electrophoresis detection in microfluidic chips', J. Micromech. Microeng., 2004 14(4) 639-646', 'firstchar' => 'D', 'twochars' => 'Do', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 8 => array( 'id' => '017148', 'authors' => 'Büttgenbach, S.;Wilke, R.', 'authorsweb' => 'S. Büttgenbach, R. Wilke', 'title' => 'A capillary electrophoresis chip with hydrodynamic sample injection for measurements from a continuous sample flow', 'journal' => 'Anal. Bioanal. Chem.', 'journal_id' => '0938', 'fadid' => 'ABAC2005V0383P00733', 'year' => '2005', 'volume' => '383', 'issue' => '5', 'startpage' => '733', 'endpage' => '737', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => '', 'matrices' => 'NA', 'techniques' => ';0243;0244;', 'keywords' => ';0535;0213;0384;0268;', 'abstract' => 'A microchip-based capillary electrophoresis device supported by a microfluidic network made of poly(dimethylsiloxane), used for measuring target analytes from a continuous sample flow, is presented. The microsystem was fabricated by means of replica molding in combination with standard microfabrication technologies, resulting in microfluidic components and an electrochemical detector. A new hydrodynamic sample injection procedure is introduced, and the maximum number of consecutive measurements that can be made with a poly(dimethylsiloxane) capillary electrophoresis chip with amperometric detection is investigated with respect to reproducibility. The device features a high degree of functional integration, so the benefits associated with miniaturized analysis systems apply to it.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '2007-03-21 10:08:59', 'hits' => '3', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 17:30:58', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'Büttgenbach, S.', 'address' => 'Technical University of Braunschweig, Institute for Microtechnology, Langer Kamp 8, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany', 'email' => 's.buettgenbach@tu-bs.de', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1007/s00216-005-3346-6', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''A capillary electrophoresis chip with hydrodynamic sample injection for measurements from a continuous sample flow', Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 2005 383(5) 733-737', 'firstchar' => 'A', 'twochars' => 'A ', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ) ) ) $c = array( 'id' => '012241', 'authors' => 'Issaq, H.J.;Chan, K.C.', 'authorsweb' => 'Haleem J. Issaq, King C. Chan', 'title' => 'Separation and detection of amino acids and their enantiomers by capillary electrophoresis: a review', 'journal' => 'Electrophoresis', 'journal_id' => '1004', 'fadid' => 'ECPH1995V0016P00467', 'year' => '1995', 'volume' => '16', 'issue' => '1', 'startpage' => '467', 'endpage' => '480', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => '', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0243;', 'keywords' => ';0339;0345;0389;', 'abstract' => 'Since its introduction as an analytical technique capillary electrophoresis has been used for the separation of amino acids and their enantiomers; over 150 studies have been published to date. This review deals with their separation and detection. Amino acids have been resolved using both capillary zone electrophoresis and micellar electrokinetic chromatography. Pre-column derivatization schemes which are employed for the sensitive detection of amino acids are discussed. Criteria for the selection of the pre- or post-column derivatizing agent, chromophore or fluorophore, are presented. Detection systems, direct and indirect, that have been used are given with emphasis on fluorogenic reagents and laser induced fluorescence detection. Also, procedures for the separation of amino acid enantiomers are discussed and illustrated.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'No', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '4', 'urlcheck' => '2014-11-25 23:04:14', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found (Array)', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'Issaq, H.J.', 'address' => 'Program Resources, Inc./DynCorp, NCI-Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center, Frederick, MD USA', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1002/elps.1150160178', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'no', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Separation and detection of amino acids and their enantiomers by capillary electrophoresis: a review', Electrophoresis, 1995 16(1) 467-480', 'firstchar' => 'S', 'twochars' => 'Se', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( 'id' => '012375', 'citation_id' => '012241', 'technique_id' => '0243' ), 'Analyte' => array(), 'Matrix' => array(), 'Keyword' => array( (int) 0 => array( 'id' => '0339', 'type' => 'Manifold process', 'keyword' => 'Post-column derivatization', 'newKeyword' => '', 'synonyms' => '', 'fao' => '', 'total' => '646', 'first' => 'P', 'keytotal' => 'Post-column derivatization**646', 'CitationsKeyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 1 => array( 'id' => '0345', 'type' => 'Manifold process', 'keyword' => 'Pre-column derivatization', 'newKeyword' => '', 'synonyms' => '', 'fao' => '', 'total' => '47', 'first' => 'P', 'keytotal' => 'Pre-column derivatization**47', 'CitationsKeyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 2 => array( 'id' => '0389', 'type' => 'Application', 'keyword' => 'Review', 'newKeyword' => '', 'synonyms' => '', 'fao' => '', 'total' => '897', 'first' => 'R', 'keytotal' => 'Review**897', 'CitationsKeyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ) ) ) $i = (int) 4 $path = '' $a = '' $url = 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elps.1150160178' $aus = 'Haleem J. Issaq, King C. Chan'include - APP/View/Elements/citation.ctp, line 40 View::_evaluate() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 971 View::_render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 933 View::_renderElement() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 1224 View::element() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 418 include - APP/View/Techniques/view.ctp, line 52 View::_evaluate() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 971 View::_render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 933 View::render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 473 Controller::render() - CORE/Cake/Controller/Controller.php, line 968 Dispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/Cake/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 200 Dispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/Cake/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 167 [main] - APP/webroot/index.php, line 109
Abstract:
Since its introduction as an analytical technique capillary electrophoresis has been used for the separation of amino acids and their enantiomers; over 150 studies have been published to date. This review deals with their separation and detection. Amino acids have been resolved using both capillary zone electrophoresis and micellar electrokinetic chromatography. Pre-column derivatization schemes which are employed for the sensitive detection of amino acids are discussed. Criteria for the selection of the pre- or post-column derivatizing agent, chromophore or fluorophore, are presented. Detection systems, direct and indirect, that have been used are given with emphasis on fluorogenic reagents and laser induced fluorescence detection. Also, procedures for the separation of amino acid enantiomers are discussed and illustrated.
Post-column derivatization
Pre-column derivatization
Review
"Continuous Free-flow Electrophoresis In An Alternating Two-dimensional Electric Field"
Sep. Sci. Technol.
1991 Volume 26, Issue 7 Pages 947-959
Notice (8): Undefined variable: uid [APP/View/Elements/citation.ctp, line 40]Joseph L. Shmidt; Huk Y. ChehCode Context?><?phpif($uid!='') {$viewFile = '/home/stuchalk/public_html/fad/app/View/Elements/citation.ctp' $dataForView = array( 'data' => array( 'Technique' => array( 'id' => '0243', 'label' => 'Electrophoresis', 'level1' => 'Electrophoresis', 'level2' => '', 'level3' => '', 'level4' => '', 'level5' => '', 'synonyms' => '', 'champ' => '', 'total' => '9', 'updated' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'name' => 'Electrophoresis', 'nametotal' => 'Electrophoresis**9', 'first' => 'E' ), 'Citation' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 1 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 2 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 3 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 4 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 5 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 6 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 7 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 8 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ) ), 'c' => array( 'id' => '014358', 'authors' => 'Shmidt, J.L.;Cheh, H.Y.', 'authorsweb' => 'Joseph L. Shmidt; Huk Y. Cheh', 'title' => 'Continuous free-flow electrophoresis in an alternating two-dimensional electric field', 'journal' => 'Sep. Sci. Technol.', 'journal_id' => '0835', 'fadid' => 'SSCT1991V0026P00947', 'year' => '1991', 'volume' => '26', 'issue' => '7', 'startpage' => '947', 'endpage' => '959', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => '', 'matrices' => 'NA', 'techniques' => ';0243;', 'keywords' => ';0054;', 'abstract' => 'The charged solute moves in three directions, flowing continuously downwards with the main buffer and migrating electrophoretically in two other perpendicular directions. Particles are fractionated in proportion to the squares of their electrophoretic mobilities. The method is expected to show good resolution for the separation of peptides, proteins and organelles.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '2011-01-16 12:54:12', 'hits' => '4', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 02:20:46', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'NA', 'address' => 'Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027 USA', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1080/01496399108050506', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Continuous free-flow electrophoresis in an alternating two-dimensional electric field', Sep. Sci. Technol., 1991 26(7) 947-959', 'firstchar' => 'C', 'twochars' => 'Co', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( 'id' => '015082', 'citation_id' => '014358', 'technique_id' => '0243' ), 'Analyte' => array(), 'Matrix' => array(), 'Keyword' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ) ), 'i' => (int) 5 ) $data = array( 'Technique' => array( 'id' => '0243', 'label' => 'Electrophoresis', 'level1' => 'Electrophoresis', 'level2' => '', 'level3' => '', 'level4' => '', 'level5' => '', 'synonyms' => '', 'champ' => '', 'total' => '9', 'updated' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'name' => 'Electrophoresis', 'nametotal' => 'Electrophoresis**9', 'first' => 'E' ), 'Citation' => array( (int) 0 => array( 'id' => '001069', 'authors' => 'Doku, G.N.;Haswell, S.J.', 'authorsweb' => 'G. N. Doku and S. J. Haswell', 'title' => 'Further studies into the development of a micro-FIA (µFIA) system based on electroosmotic flow for the determination of phosphate as orthophosphate', 'journal' => 'Anal. Chim. Acta', 'journal_id' => '0584', 'fadid' => 'ANCA1999V0382P00001', 'year' => '1999', 'volume' => '382', 'issue' => '1-2', 'startpage' => '1', 'endpage' => '13', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1841;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0493;0243;', 'keywords' => ';0268;Photolithography;0302;0375;0535;', 'abstract' => 'Photolithographic and wet etching techniques were used to fabricate a µFIA manifold in a borosilicate glass substrate for the spectrophotometric determination of orthophosphate based on the molybdenum blue reaction, employing electroosmotic flow for both the mobilization of reagents and sample injection. The manifold channel dimensions were 200 µm wide and 50 µm deep. An evaluation of the electroosmotic flow characteristics (i.e. voltage, solution concentration/pH ranges and current-voltage relationships) for ascorbic acid, ammonium molybdate and orthophosphate standards, with and without berate buffer present, has been carried out. In addition, the effect that reaction precursors may have on the in situ spectrophotometric detection system is also discussed. Using the optimized operating conditions of 1.75% ascorbic acid and 0.6% ammonium molybdate in 10 mM berate buffer, the calibration model for phosphate standards was found to be linear (y = 0.0036x + 0.0155; correlation coefficient, r2 = 0.9952) over the working range 1-10 µg mL-1. A sampling rate of ~60 samples/h was achieved, with a detection limit of 0.1 µg mL-1 for orthophosphate, with RSDs <5%. The reagent consumption was very low with the total reactant volume in the system estimated to be 0.6 µL and a sample volume of 0.1 µL being required.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '2006-06-01 21:41:54', 'hits' => '6', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 16:29:39', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00192', 'pauthor' => '!Haswell, S.J.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1016/S0003-2670(98)00830-7', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Further studies into the development of a micro-FIA (µFIA) system based on electroosmotic flow for the determination of phosphate as orthophosphate', Anal. Chim. Acta, 1999 382(1-2) 1-13', 'firstchar' => 'F', 'twochars' => 'Fu', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 1 => array( 'id' => '007177', 'authors' => 'Andreev, V.P.;Kamenev, A.G.;Popov, N.S.', 'authorsweb' => 'V. P. Andreev*, A. G. Kamenev and N. S. Popov', 'title' => 'Electroinjection analysis. The introduction of a new variant of flow injection analysis and comparison with electrophoretically-mediated microanalysis', 'journal' => 'Talanta', 'journal_id' => '0569', 'fadid' => 'TALT1996V0043P00909', 'year' => '1996', 'volume' => '43', 'issue' => '6', 'startpage' => '909', 'endpage' => '914', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => '', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0243;', 'keywords' => ';0213;0307;', 'abstract' => 'A method of mixing sample and reagent in FIA based on electrophoretically-mediated microanalysis (cf. Bao and Regnier, J. Chromatogr. A., 1992, 608, 217) is presented. The new method, electroinjection analysis, injects sample and reagents at opposite ends of the capillary tube and the mixing is due to the differences in their electrophoretic mobilities. Electroinjection analysis and electrophoretically-mediated microanalysis are compared and discussed.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '4', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 15:04:35', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00442', 'pauthor' => '!Andreev, V.P.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1016/0039-9140(95)01784-4', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Electroinjection analysis. The introduction of a new variant of flow injection analysis and comparison with electrophoretically-mediated microanalysis', Talanta, 1996 43(6) 909-914', 'firstchar' => 'E', 'twochars' => 'El', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 2 => array( 'id' => '010078', 'authors' => 'Villanueva, V.R.;Mardon, M.', 'authorsweb' => 'V. R. Villanueva and M. Mardon', 'title' => 'Chromatography, flow injection analysis and electrophoresis in computer assisted comparative biochemistry: its application and possibilities in clinical research. Preliminary studies on Crohns disease', 'journal' => 'J. Chromatogr. A', 'journal_id' => '0619', 'fadid' => 'JCRA1988V0440P00261', 'year' => '1988', 'volume' => '440', 'issue' => '1', 'startpage' => '261', 'endpage' => '273', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0160;1057;0155;', 'matrices' => ';0104;', 'techniques' => ';0046;0030;0243;', 'keywords' => ';0090;0078;0278;', 'abstract' => 'A computer-assisted multicomponent analytical system, developed for comparative biochemical studies, was used for a clinical study of Crohn's disease in which 73 subjects, of comparable age and sex distribution, were considered: 40 with Crohn's disease, 16 with ulcerative colitis and 17 healthy volunteers as controls. Blood samples (5 ml) were taken to recover plasma and red cells. After extraction and fractionation of low- and high-molecular weight substances, the samples were analyzed by ion-exchange chromatography and electrophoresis. The contents of amino acids, sugars, polyamines and proteins in the plasma and the red cells from the three groups of individuals were compared using statistical (means, variance, principal components analysis) and graphical profile methods. The first results indicate that the content of red cells, in comparison with plasma, allows the best differentiation of the three groups of subjects considered. In particular, the amino acids (Asp, Thr, Ser, Glu, Gly, Ala and Leu), the polyamines (spermidine and spermine) and glucose, show the most significant differences. The methodology followed and the results obtained, together with possible uses of this computer-assisted multicomponent analytical system in problems concerning clinical research, are discussed.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '16', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 19:05:10', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'NA', 'address' => 'Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles Cnrs Gif-sur-Yvette France.', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1016/S0021-9673(00)94529-1', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Chromatography, flow injection analysis and electrophoresis in computer assisted comparative biochemistry: its application and possibilities in clinical research. Preliminary studies on Crohns disease', J. Chromatogr. A, 1988 440(1) 261-273', 'firstchar' => 'C', 'twochars' => 'Ch', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 3 => array( 'id' => '011977', 'authors' => 'Emmer, A.;Roeraade, J.', 'authorsweb' => 'Å. Emmer and J. Roeraade', 'title' => 'Micro enzymic assay coupled to capillary electrophoresis via liquid junction', 'journal' => 'Chromatographia', 'journal_id' => '0984', 'fadid' => 'CRGR1994V0039P00271', 'year' => '1994', 'volume' => '39', 'issue' => '5-6', 'startpage' => '271', 'endpage' => '278', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1063;1053;', 'matrices' => 'NA', 'techniques' => ';0243;', 'keywords' => ';0446;0339;', 'abstract' => 'A improved setup for a previously described capillary electrophoresis system combined with an online enzymatic assay (cf. J. Chromatogr. A, 1994, 662, 275) was evaluated for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase. The old configuration involved a post-column reactor with a press-driven substrate flow; the new setup involved an electrically controlled substrate flow. The post-column reactor was coupled to the separation capillary by a liquid junction. Two different setups are described: (i) a high-voltage supply connected between the injector and the outlet of the reaction capillary; and (ii) two high-voltage supplies connected between the injector and the Tee and the Tee and the outlet of the reaction capillary, respectively (details given). The setup allowed capillaries of the same diameter to be used for the separation and the post-column reaction, which meant that dilution of solutes was minimized resulting in better detection sensitivity. Also, stopped-flow procedures could be carried out allowing enhanced reaction product formation. The method offers a high degree of freedom in optimizing the separation and enzymatic reaction conditions individually. Results are discussed.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'No', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '6', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 09:02:43', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'NA', 'address' => 'Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1007/BF02274513', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Micro enzymic assay coupled to capillary electrophoresis via liquid junction', Chromatographia, 1994 39(5-6) 271-278', 'firstchar' => 'M', 'twochars' => 'Mi', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 4 => array( 'id' => '012241', 'authors' => 'Issaq, H.J.;Chan, K.C.', 'authorsweb' => 'Haleem J. Issaq, King C. Chan', 'title' => 'Separation and detection of amino acids and their enantiomers by capillary electrophoresis: a review', 'journal' => 'Electrophoresis', 'journal_id' => '1004', 'fadid' => 'ECPH1995V0016P00467', 'year' => '1995', 'volume' => '16', 'issue' => '1', 'startpage' => '467', 'endpage' => '480', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => '', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0243;', 'keywords' => ';0339;0345;0389;', 'abstract' => 'Since its introduction as an analytical technique capillary electrophoresis has been used for the separation of amino acids and their enantiomers; over 150 studies have been published to date. This review deals with their separation and detection. Amino acids have been resolved using both capillary zone electrophoresis and micellar electrokinetic chromatography. Pre-column derivatization schemes which are employed for the sensitive detection of amino acids are discussed. Criteria for the selection of the pre- or post-column derivatizing agent, chromophore or fluorophore, are presented. Detection systems, direct and indirect, that have been used are given with emphasis on fluorogenic reagents and laser induced fluorescence detection. Also, procedures for the separation of amino acid enantiomers are discussed and illustrated.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'No', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '4', 'urlcheck' => '2014-11-25 23:04:14', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found (Array)', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'Issaq, H.J.', 'address' => 'Program Resources, Inc./DynCorp, NCI-Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center, Frederick, MD USA', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1002/elps.1150160178', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'no', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Separation and detection of amino acids and their enantiomers by capillary electrophoresis: a review', Electrophoresis, 1995 16(1) 467-480', 'firstchar' => 'S', 'twochars' => 'Se', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 5 => array( 'id' => '014358', 'authors' => 'Shmidt, J.L.;Cheh, H.Y.', 'authorsweb' => 'Joseph L. Shmidt; Huk Y. Cheh', 'title' => 'Continuous free-flow electrophoresis in an alternating two-dimensional electric field', 'journal' => 'Sep. Sci. Technol.', 'journal_id' => '0835', 'fadid' => 'SSCT1991V0026P00947', 'year' => '1991', 'volume' => '26', 'issue' => '7', 'startpage' => '947', 'endpage' => '959', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => '', 'matrices' => 'NA', 'techniques' => ';0243;', 'keywords' => ';0054;', 'abstract' => 'The charged solute moves in three directions, flowing continuously downwards with the main buffer and migrating electrophoretically in two other perpendicular directions. Particles are fractionated in proportion to the squares of their electrophoretic mobilities. The method is expected to show good resolution for the separation of peptides, proteins and organelles.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '2011-01-16 12:54:12', 'hits' => '4', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 02:20:46', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'NA', 'address' => 'Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027 USA', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1080/01496399108050506', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Continuous free-flow electrophoresis in an alternating two-dimensional electric field', Sep. Sci. Technol., 1991 26(7) 947-959', 'firstchar' => 'C', 'twochars' => 'Co', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 6 => array( 'id' => '016080', 'authors' => 'He, F.-Y.;Liu, A.-L.;Yuan, J.-H.;Coltro, W.K.T.;Carrilho, E.;Xia, X.-H.', 'authorsweb' => 'Feng-Yun He, Ai-Lin Liu, Jin-Hua Yuan, Wendell Karlos Tomazelli Coltro, Emanuel Carrilho and Xing-Hua Xia', 'title' => 'Electrokinetic control of fluid in plastified laser-printed poly(ethylene terephthalate)-toner microchips', 'journal' => 'Anal. Bioanal. Chem.', 'journal_id' => '0938', 'fadid' => 'ABAC2005V0382P00192', 'year' => '2005', 'volume' => '382', 'issue' => '1', 'startpage' => '192', 'endpage' => '197', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0856;0548;', 'matrices' => 'NA', 'techniques' => ';0243;', 'keywords' => ';0535;', 'abstract' => 'The application of plastified laser-printed poly(ethylene terephthalate)(PET)-toner microchips to capillary electrophoresis was investigated. Electroosmotic flow was observed in the direction of the cathode for the buffer system studied (phosphate, pH 3-10). Average electroosmotic mobilities of 1.71 x 10^-4 to 4.35 x 10^-4 cm2 V-1 s-1 were observed from pH 3 to 10. This variation suggests that silica fillers in the toner and on the surface of the polymer dominate the zeta potential of the material, which is also confirmed by XPS measurements. Dopamine and catechol were used as model analytes for microchip electrophoresis in combination with electrochemical detection. Results show that these two analytes can be efficiently separated and detected electrochemically with the plastified laser-printed PET-toner microchips.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '2006-05-21 10:39:33', 'hits' => '2', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 17:30:33', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'Xia, X.H.', 'address' => 'Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Department of Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, PR China', 'email' => 'xhxia@nju.edu.cn', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1007/s00216-005-3200-x', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Electrokinetic control of fluid in plastified laser-printed poly(ethylene terephthalate)-toner microchips', Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 2005 382(1) 192-197', 'firstchar' => 'E', 'twochars' => 'El', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 7 => array( 'id' => '016249', 'authors' => 'Lin, C.H.;Yang, R.J.;Tai, C.H.;Lee, C.Y.;Fu, L.M.', 'authorsweb' => 'Che-Hsin Lin, Ruey-Jen Yang, Chang-Hsien Tai, Chia-Yen Lee and Lung-Ming Fu', 'title' => 'Double-L injection technique for high performance capillary electrophoresis detection in microfluidic chips', 'journal' => 'J. Micromech. Microeng.', 'journal_id' => '0767', 'fadid' => 'JMMM2004V0014P00639', 'year' => '2004', 'volume' => '14', 'issue' => '4', 'startpage' => '639', 'endpage' => '646', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => '', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0243;', 'keywords' => ';0535;0213;', 'abstract' => 'This paper reports low-leakage injection techniques to deliver sample plugs within double-T-form electrophoresis microchips. Experimental and numerical investigations are used to predict and evaluate the leakage behavior during electrokinetic driving of the sample plugs. The principal material transport mechanisms including traditional cross-form, electro-floating, diffusion sampling injection techniques are discussed in this study. A simple and precise double-L injection technique that employs electrokinetic manipulations to avoid sample leakage within the microchip is also reported. The method needs only one electrical control point during injection and separation, so the control system can be smaller and cheaper. Experimental and numerical results show the proposed injection technique is able to reduce sample leakage significantly. No leakage happens after 16 sample injections using the double-L injection method while leakage usually happens using the traditional cross-form injection technique. The double-L injection technique proposed in this study has a great potential for use in high-precision analysis applications utilizing chip-based capillary electrophoresis.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '2006-06-01 22:01:27', 'hits' => '0', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-23 17:01:47', 'urlcheckcode' => '', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'Fu, L.M.', 'address' => 'Graduate Institute of Materials Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912, Taiwan', 'email' => 'loudyfu@mail.npust.edu.tw', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1088/0960-1317/14/4/027', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'no', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Double-L injection technique for high performance capillary electrophoresis detection in microfluidic chips', J. Micromech. Microeng., 2004 14(4) 639-646', 'firstchar' => 'D', 'twochars' => 'Do', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 8 => array( 'id' => '017148', 'authors' => 'Büttgenbach, S.;Wilke, R.', 'authorsweb' => 'S. Büttgenbach, R. Wilke', 'title' => 'A capillary electrophoresis chip with hydrodynamic sample injection for measurements from a continuous sample flow', 'journal' => 'Anal. Bioanal. Chem.', 'journal_id' => '0938', 'fadid' => 'ABAC2005V0383P00733', 'year' => '2005', 'volume' => '383', 'issue' => '5', 'startpage' => '733', 'endpage' => '737', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => '', 'matrices' => 'NA', 'techniques' => ';0243;0244;', 'keywords' => ';0535;0213;0384;0268;', 'abstract' => 'A microchip-based capillary electrophoresis device supported by a microfluidic network made of poly(dimethylsiloxane), used for measuring target analytes from a continuous sample flow, is presented. The microsystem was fabricated by means of replica molding in combination with standard microfabrication technologies, resulting in microfluidic components and an electrochemical detector. A new hydrodynamic sample injection procedure is introduced, and the maximum number of consecutive measurements that can be made with a poly(dimethylsiloxane) capillary electrophoresis chip with amperometric detection is investigated with respect to reproducibility. The device features a high degree of functional integration, so the benefits associated with miniaturized analysis systems apply to it.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '2007-03-21 10:08:59', 'hits' => '3', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 17:30:58', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'Büttgenbach, S.', 'address' => 'Technical University of Braunschweig, Institute for Microtechnology, Langer Kamp 8, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany', 'email' => 's.buettgenbach@tu-bs.de', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1007/s00216-005-3346-6', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''A capillary electrophoresis chip with hydrodynamic sample injection for measurements from a continuous sample flow', Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 2005 383(5) 733-737', 'firstchar' => 'A', 'twochars' => 'A ', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ) ) ) $c = array( 'id' => '014358', 'authors' => 'Shmidt, J.L.;Cheh, H.Y.', 'authorsweb' => 'Joseph L. Shmidt; Huk Y. Cheh', 'title' => 'Continuous free-flow electrophoresis in an alternating two-dimensional electric field', 'journal' => 'Sep. Sci. Technol.', 'journal_id' => '0835', 'fadid' => 'SSCT1991V0026P00947', 'year' => '1991', 'volume' => '26', 'issue' => '7', 'startpage' => '947', 'endpage' => '959', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => '', 'matrices' => 'NA', 'techniques' => ';0243;', 'keywords' => ';0054;', 'abstract' => 'The charged solute moves in three directions, flowing continuously downwards with the main buffer and migrating electrophoretically in two other perpendicular directions. Particles are fractionated in proportion to the squares of their electrophoretic mobilities. The method is expected to show good resolution for the separation of peptides, proteins and organelles.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '2011-01-16 12:54:12', 'hits' => '4', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 02:20:46', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'NA', 'address' => 'Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027 USA', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1080/01496399108050506', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Continuous free-flow electrophoresis in an alternating two-dimensional electric field', Sep. Sci. Technol., 1991 26(7) 947-959', 'firstchar' => 'C', 'twochars' => 'Co', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( 'id' => '015082', 'citation_id' => '014358', 'technique_id' => '0243' ), 'Analyte' => array(), 'Matrix' => array(), 'Keyword' => array( (int) 0 => array( 'id' => '0054', 'type' => 'Reagent', 'keyword' => 'Buffer', 'newKeyword' => '', 'synonyms' => '', 'fao' => '', 'total' => '483', 'first' => 'B', 'keytotal' => 'Buffer**483', 'CitationsKeyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ) ) ) $i = (int) 5 $path = '' $a = '' $url = 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01496399108050506' $aus = 'Joseph L. Shmidt; Huk Y. Cheh'include - APP/View/Elements/citation.ctp, line 40 View::_evaluate() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 971 View::_render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 933 View::_renderElement() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 1224 View::element() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 418 include - APP/View/Techniques/view.ctp, line 52 View::_evaluate() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 971 View::_render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 933 View::render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 473 Controller::render() - CORE/Cake/Controller/Controller.php, line 968 Dispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/Cake/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 200 Dispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/Cake/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 167 [main] - APP/webroot/index.php, line 109
Abstract:
The charged solute moves in three directions, flowing continuously downwards with the main buffer and migrating electrophoretically in two other perpendicular directions. Particles are fractionated in proportion to the squares of their electrophoretic mobilities. The method is expected to show good resolution for the separation of peptides, proteins and organelles.
Buffer
"Electrokinetic Control Of Fluid In Plastified Laser-printed Poly(ethylene Terephthalate)-toner Microchips"
Anal. Bioanal. Chem.
2005 Volume 382, Issue 1 Pages 192-197
Notice (8): Undefined variable: uid [APP/View/Elements/citation.ctp, line 40]Feng-Yun He, Ai-Lin Liu, Jin-Hua Yuan, Wendell Karlos Tomazelli Coltro, Emanuel Carrilho and Xing-Hua XiaCode Context?><?phpif($uid!='') {$viewFile = '/home/stuchalk/public_html/fad/app/View/Elements/citation.ctp' $dataForView = array( 'data' => array( 'Technique' => array( 'id' => '0243', 'label' => 'Electrophoresis', 'level1' => 'Electrophoresis', 'level2' => '', 'level3' => '', 'level4' => '', 'level5' => '', 'synonyms' => '', 'champ' => '', 'total' => '9', 'updated' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'name' => 'Electrophoresis', 'nametotal' => 'Electrophoresis**9', 'first' => 'E' ), 'Citation' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 1 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 2 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 3 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 4 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 5 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 6 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 7 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 8 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ) ), 'c' => array( 'id' => '016080', 'authors' => 'He, F.-Y.;Liu, A.-L.;Yuan, J.-H.;Coltro, W.K.T.;Carrilho, E.;Xia, X.-H.', 'authorsweb' => 'Feng-Yun He, Ai-Lin Liu, Jin-Hua Yuan, Wendell Karlos Tomazelli Coltro, Emanuel Carrilho and Xing-Hua Xia', 'title' => 'Electrokinetic control of fluid in plastified laser-printed poly(ethylene terephthalate)-toner microchips', 'journal' => 'Anal. Bioanal. Chem.', 'journal_id' => '0938', 'fadid' => 'ABAC2005V0382P00192', 'year' => '2005', 'volume' => '382', 'issue' => '1', 'startpage' => '192', 'endpage' => '197', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0856;0548;', 'matrices' => 'NA', 'techniques' => ';0243;', 'keywords' => ';0535;', 'abstract' => 'The application of plastified laser-printed poly(ethylene terephthalate)(PET)-toner microchips to capillary electrophoresis was investigated. Electroosmotic flow was observed in the direction of the cathode for the buffer system studied (phosphate, pH 3-10). Average electroosmotic mobilities of 1.71 x 10^-4 to 4.35 x 10^-4 cm2 V-1 s-1 were observed from pH 3 to 10. This variation suggests that silica fillers in the toner and on the surface of the polymer dominate the zeta potential of the material, which is also confirmed by XPS measurements. Dopamine and catechol were used as model analytes for microchip electrophoresis in combination with electrochemical detection. Results show that these two analytes can be efficiently separated and detected electrochemically with the plastified laser-printed PET-toner microchips.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '2006-05-21 10:39:33', 'hits' => '2', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 17:30:33', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'Xia, X.H.', 'address' => 'Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Department of Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, PR China', 'email' => 'xhxia@nju.edu.cn', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1007/s00216-005-3200-x', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Electrokinetic control of fluid in plastified laser-printed poly(ethylene terephthalate)-toner microchips', Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 2005 382(1) 192-197', 'firstchar' => 'E', 'twochars' => 'El', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( 'id' => '015750', 'citation_id' => '016080', 'technique_id' => '0243' ), 'Analyte' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 1 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), 'Matrix' => array(), 'Keyword' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ) ), 'i' => (int) 6 ) $data = array( 'Technique' => array( 'id' => '0243', 'label' => 'Electrophoresis', 'level1' => 'Electrophoresis', 'level2' => '', 'level3' => '', 'level4' => '', 'level5' => '', 'synonyms' => '', 'champ' => '', 'total' => '9', 'updated' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'name' => 'Electrophoresis', 'nametotal' => 'Electrophoresis**9', 'first' => 'E' ), 'Citation' => array( (int) 0 => array( 'id' => '001069', 'authors' => 'Doku, G.N.;Haswell, S.J.', 'authorsweb' => 'G. N. Doku and S. J. Haswell', 'title' => 'Further studies into the development of a micro-FIA (µFIA) system based on electroosmotic flow for the determination of phosphate as orthophosphate', 'journal' => 'Anal. Chim. Acta', 'journal_id' => '0584', 'fadid' => 'ANCA1999V0382P00001', 'year' => '1999', 'volume' => '382', 'issue' => '1-2', 'startpage' => '1', 'endpage' => '13', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1841;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0493;0243;', 'keywords' => ';0268;Photolithography;0302;0375;0535;', 'abstract' => 'Photolithographic and wet etching techniques were used to fabricate a µFIA manifold in a borosilicate glass substrate for the spectrophotometric determination of orthophosphate based on the molybdenum blue reaction, employing electroosmotic flow for both the mobilization of reagents and sample injection. The manifold channel dimensions were 200 µm wide and 50 µm deep. An evaluation of the electroosmotic flow characteristics (i.e. voltage, solution concentration/pH ranges and current-voltage relationships) for ascorbic acid, ammonium molybdate and orthophosphate standards, with and without berate buffer present, has been carried out. In addition, the effect that reaction precursors may have on the in situ spectrophotometric detection system is also discussed. Using the optimized operating conditions of 1.75% ascorbic acid and 0.6% ammonium molybdate in 10 mM berate buffer, the calibration model for phosphate standards was found to be linear (y = 0.0036x + 0.0155; correlation coefficient, r2 = 0.9952) over the working range 1-10 µg mL-1. A sampling rate of ~60 samples/h was achieved, with a detection limit of 0.1 µg mL-1 for orthophosphate, with RSDs <5%. The reagent consumption was very low with the total reactant volume in the system estimated to be 0.6 µL and a sample volume of 0.1 µL being required.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '2006-06-01 21:41:54', 'hits' => '6', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 16:29:39', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00192', 'pauthor' => '!Haswell, S.J.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1016/S0003-2670(98)00830-7', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Further studies into the development of a micro-FIA (µFIA) system based on electroosmotic flow for the determination of phosphate as orthophosphate', Anal. Chim. Acta, 1999 382(1-2) 1-13', 'firstchar' => 'F', 'twochars' => 'Fu', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 1 => array( 'id' => '007177', 'authors' => 'Andreev, V.P.;Kamenev, A.G.;Popov, N.S.', 'authorsweb' => 'V. P. Andreev*, A. G. Kamenev and N. S. Popov', 'title' => 'Electroinjection analysis. The introduction of a new variant of flow injection analysis and comparison with electrophoretically-mediated microanalysis', 'journal' => 'Talanta', 'journal_id' => '0569', 'fadid' => 'TALT1996V0043P00909', 'year' => '1996', 'volume' => '43', 'issue' => '6', 'startpage' => '909', 'endpage' => '914', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => '', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0243;', 'keywords' => ';0213;0307;', 'abstract' => 'A method of mixing sample and reagent in FIA based on electrophoretically-mediated microanalysis (cf. Bao and Regnier, J. Chromatogr. A., 1992, 608, 217) is presented. The new method, electroinjection analysis, injects sample and reagents at opposite ends of the capillary tube and the mixing is due to the differences in their electrophoretic mobilities. Electroinjection analysis and electrophoretically-mediated microanalysis are compared and discussed.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '4', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 15:04:35', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00442', 'pauthor' => '!Andreev, V.P.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1016/0039-9140(95)01784-4', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Electroinjection analysis. The introduction of a new variant of flow injection analysis and comparison with electrophoretically-mediated microanalysis', Talanta, 1996 43(6) 909-914', 'firstchar' => 'E', 'twochars' => 'El', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 2 => array( 'id' => '010078', 'authors' => 'Villanueva, V.R.;Mardon, M.', 'authorsweb' => 'V. R. Villanueva and M. Mardon', 'title' => 'Chromatography, flow injection analysis and electrophoresis in computer assisted comparative biochemistry: its application and possibilities in clinical research. Preliminary studies on Crohns disease', 'journal' => 'J. Chromatogr. A', 'journal_id' => '0619', 'fadid' => 'JCRA1988V0440P00261', 'year' => '1988', 'volume' => '440', 'issue' => '1', 'startpage' => '261', 'endpage' => '273', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0160;1057;0155;', 'matrices' => ';0104;', 'techniques' => ';0046;0030;0243;', 'keywords' => ';0090;0078;0278;', 'abstract' => 'A computer-assisted multicomponent analytical system, developed for comparative biochemical studies, was used for a clinical study of Crohn's disease in which 73 subjects, of comparable age and sex distribution, were considered: 40 with Crohn's disease, 16 with ulcerative colitis and 17 healthy volunteers as controls. Blood samples (5 ml) were taken to recover plasma and red cells. After extraction and fractionation of low- and high-molecular weight substances, the samples were analyzed by ion-exchange chromatography and electrophoresis. The contents of amino acids, sugars, polyamines and proteins in the plasma and the red cells from the three groups of individuals were compared using statistical (means, variance, principal components analysis) and graphical profile methods. The first results indicate that the content of red cells, in comparison with plasma, allows the best differentiation of the three groups of subjects considered. In particular, the amino acids (Asp, Thr, Ser, Glu, Gly, Ala and Leu), the polyamines (spermidine and spermine) and glucose, show the most significant differences. The methodology followed and the results obtained, together with possible uses of this computer-assisted multicomponent analytical system in problems concerning clinical research, are discussed.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '16', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 19:05:10', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'NA', 'address' => 'Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles Cnrs Gif-sur-Yvette France.', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1016/S0021-9673(00)94529-1', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Chromatography, flow injection analysis and electrophoresis in computer assisted comparative biochemistry: its application and possibilities in clinical research. Preliminary studies on Crohns disease', J. Chromatogr. A, 1988 440(1) 261-273', 'firstchar' => 'C', 'twochars' => 'Ch', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 3 => array( 'id' => '011977', 'authors' => 'Emmer, A.;Roeraade, J.', 'authorsweb' => 'Å. Emmer and J. Roeraade', 'title' => 'Micro enzymic assay coupled to capillary electrophoresis via liquid junction', 'journal' => 'Chromatographia', 'journal_id' => '0984', 'fadid' => 'CRGR1994V0039P00271', 'year' => '1994', 'volume' => '39', 'issue' => '5-6', 'startpage' => '271', 'endpage' => '278', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1063;1053;', 'matrices' => 'NA', 'techniques' => ';0243;', 'keywords' => ';0446;0339;', 'abstract' => 'A improved setup for a previously described capillary electrophoresis system combined with an online enzymatic assay (cf. J. Chromatogr. A, 1994, 662, 275) was evaluated for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase. The old configuration involved a post-column reactor with a press-driven substrate flow; the new setup involved an electrically controlled substrate flow. The post-column reactor was coupled to the separation capillary by a liquid junction. Two different setups are described: (i) a high-voltage supply connected between the injector and the outlet of the reaction capillary; and (ii) two high-voltage supplies connected between the injector and the Tee and the Tee and the outlet of the reaction capillary, respectively (details given). The setup allowed capillaries of the same diameter to be used for the separation and the post-column reaction, which meant that dilution of solutes was minimized resulting in better detection sensitivity. Also, stopped-flow procedures could be carried out allowing enhanced reaction product formation. The method offers a high degree of freedom in optimizing the separation and enzymatic reaction conditions individually. Results are discussed.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'No', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '6', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 09:02:43', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'NA', 'address' => 'Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1007/BF02274513', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Micro enzymic assay coupled to capillary electrophoresis via liquid junction', Chromatographia, 1994 39(5-6) 271-278', 'firstchar' => 'M', 'twochars' => 'Mi', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 4 => array( 'id' => '012241', 'authors' => 'Issaq, H.J.;Chan, K.C.', 'authorsweb' => 'Haleem J. Issaq, King C. Chan', 'title' => 'Separation and detection of amino acids and their enantiomers by capillary electrophoresis: a review', 'journal' => 'Electrophoresis', 'journal_id' => '1004', 'fadid' => 'ECPH1995V0016P00467', 'year' => '1995', 'volume' => '16', 'issue' => '1', 'startpage' => '467', 'endpage' => '480', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => '', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0243;', 'keywords' => ';0339;0345;0389;', 'abstract' => 'Since its introduction as an analytical technique capillary electrophoresis has been used for the separation of amino acids and their enantiomers; over 150 studies have been published to date. This review deals with their separation and detection. Amino acids have been resolved using both capillary zone electrophoresis and micellar electrokinetic chromatography. Pre-column derivatization schemes which are employed for the sensitive detection of amino acids are discussed. Criteria for the selection of the pre- or post-column derivatizing agent, chromophore or fluorophore, are presented. Detection systems, direct and indirect, that have been used are given with emphasis on fluorogenic reagents and laser induced fluorescence detection. Also, procedures for the separation of amino acid enantiomers are discussed and illustrated.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'No', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '4', 'urlcheck' => '2014-11-25 23:04:14', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found (Array)', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'Issaq, H.J.', 'address' => 'Program Resources, Inc./DynCorp, NCI-Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center, Frederick, MD USA', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1002/elps.1150160178', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'no', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Separation and detection of amino acids and their enantiomers by capillary electrophoresis: a review', Electrophoresis, 1995 16(1) 467-480', 'firstchar' => 'S', 'twochars' => 'Se', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 5 => array( 'id' => '014358', 'authors' => 'Shmidt, J.L.;Cheh, H.Y.', 'authorsweb' => 'Joseph L. Shmidt; Huk Y. Cheh', 'title' => 'Continuous free-flow electrophoresis in an alternating two-dimensional electric field', 'journal' => 'Sep. Sci. Technol.', 'journal_id' => '0835', 'fadid' => 'SSCT1991V0026P00947', 'year' => '1991', 'volume' => '26', 'issue' => '7', 'startpage' => '947', 'endpage' => '959', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => '', 'matrices' => 'NA', 'techniques' => ';0243;', 'keywords' => ';0054;', 'abstract' => 'The charged solute moves in three directions, flowing continuously downwards with the main buffer and migrating electrophoretically in two other perpendicular directions. Particles are fractionated in proportion to the squares of their electrophoretic mobilities. The method is expected to show good resolution for the separation of peptides, proteins and organelles.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '2011-01-16 12:54:12', 'hits' => '4', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 02:20:46', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'NA', 'address' => 'Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027 USA', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1080/01496399108050506', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Continuous free-flow electrophoresis in an alternating two-dimensional electric field', Sep. Sci. Technol., 1991 26(7) 947-959', 'firstchar' => 'C', 'twochars' => 'Co', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 6 => array( 'id' => '016080', 'authors' => 'He, F.-Y.;Liu, A.-L.;Yuan, J.-H.;Coltro, W.K.T.;Carrilho, E.;Xia, X.-H.', 'authorsweb' => 'Feng-Yun He, Ai-Lin Liu, Jin-Hua Yuan, Wendell Karlos Tomazelli Coltro, Emanuel Carrilho and Xing-Hua Xia', 'title' => 'Electrokinetic control of fluid in plastified laser-printed poly(ethylene terephthalate)-toner microchips', 'journal' => 'Anal. Bioanal. Chem.', 'journal_id' => '0938', 'fadid' => 'ABAC2005V0382P00192', 'year' => '2005', 'volume' => '382', 'issue' => '1', 'startpage' => '192', 'endpage' => '197', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0856;0548;', 'matrices' => 'NA', 'techniques' => ';0243;', 'keywords' => ';0535;', 'abstract' => 'The application of plastified laser-printed poly(ethylene terephthalate)(PET)-toner microchips to capillary electrophoresis was investigated. Electroosmotic flow was observed in the direction of the cathode for the buffer system studied (phosphate, pH 3-10). Average electroosmotic mobilities of 1.71 x 10^-4 to 4.35 x 10^-4 cm2 V-1 s-1 were observed from pH 3 to 10. This variation suggests that silica fillers in the toner and on the surface of the polymer dominate the zeta potential of the material, which is also confirmed by XPS measurements. Dopamine and catechol were used as model analytes for microchip electrophoresis in combination with electrochemical detection. Results show that these two analytes can be efficiently separated and detected electrochemically with the plastified laser-printed PET-toner microchips.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '2006-05-21 10:39:33', 'hits' => '2', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 17:30:33', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'Xia, X.H.', 'address' => 'Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Department of Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, PR China', 'email' => 'xhxia@nju.edu.cn', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1007/s00216-005-3200-x', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Electrokinetic control of fluid in plastified laser-printed poly(ethylene terephthalate)-toner microchips', Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 2005 382(1) 192-197', 'firstchar' => 'E', 'twochars' => 'El', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 7 => array( 'id' => '016249', 'authors' => 'Lin, C.H.;Yang, R.J.;Tai, C.H.;Lee, C.Y.;Fu, L.M.', 'authorsweb' => 'Che-Hsin Lin, Ruey-Jen Yang, Chang-Hsien Tai, Chia-Yen Lee and Lung-Ming Fu', 'title' => 'Double-L injection technique for high performance capillary electrophoresis detection in microfluidic chips', 'journal' => 'J. Micromech. Microeng.', 'journal_id' => '0767', 'fadid' => 'JMMM2004V0014P00639', 'year' => '2004', 'volume' => '14', 'issue' => '4', 'startpage' => '639', 'endpage' => '646', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => '', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0243;', 'keywords' => ';0535;0213;', 'abstract' => 'This paper reports low-leakage injection techniques to deliver sample plugs within double-T-form electrophoresis microchips. Experimental and numerical investigations are used to predict and evaluate the leakage behavior during electrokinetic driving of the sample plugs. The principal material transport mechanisms including traditional cross-form, electro-floating, diffusion sampling injection techniques are discussed in this study. A simple and precise double-L injection technique that employs electrokinetic manipulations to avoid sample leakage within the microchip is also reported. The method needs only one electrical control point during injection and separation, so the control system can be smaller and cheaper. Experimental and numerical results show the proposed injection technique is able to reduce sample leakage significantly. No leakage happens after 16 sample injections using the double-L injection method while leakage usually happens using the traditional cross-form injection technique. The double-L injection technique proposed in this study has a great potential for use in high-precision analysis applications utilizing chip-based capillary electrophoresis.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '2006-06-01 22:01:27', 'hits' => '0', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-23 17:01:47', 'urlcheckcode' => '', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'Fu, L.M.', 'address' => 'Graduate Institute of Materials Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912, Taiwan', 'email' => 'loudyfu@mail.npust.edu.tw', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1088/0960-1317/14/4/027', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'no', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Double-L injection technique for high performance capillary electrophoresis detection in microfluidic chips', J. Micromech. Microeng., 2004 14(4) 639-646', 'firstchar' => 'D', 'twochars' => 'Do', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 8 => array( 'id' => '017148', 'authors' => 'Büttgenbach, S.;Wilke, R.', 'authorsweb' => 'S. Büttgenbach, R. Wilke', 'title' => 'A capillary electrophoresis chip with hydrodynamic sample injection for measurements from a continuous sample flow', 'journal' => 'Anal. Bioanal. Chem.', 'journal_id' => '0938', 'fadid' => 'ABAC2005V0383P00733', 'year' => '2005', 'volume' => '383', 'issue' => '5', 'startpage' => '733', 'endpage' => '737', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => '', 'matrices' => 'NA', 'techniques' => ';0243;0244;', 'keywords' => ';0535;0213;0384;0268;', 'abstract' => 'A microchip-based capillary electrophoresis device supported by a microfluidic network made of poly(dimethylsiloxane), used for measuring target analytes from a continuous sample flow, is presented. The microsystem was fabricated by means of replica molding in combination with standard microfabrication technologies, resulting in microfluidic components and an electrochemical detector. A new hydrodynamic sample injection procedure is introduced, and the maximum number of consecutive measurements that can be made with a poly(dimethylsiloxane) capillary electrophoresis chip with amperometric detection is investigated with respect to reproducibility. The device features a high degree of functional integration, so the benefits associated with miniaturized analysis systems apply to it.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '2007-03-21 10:08:59', 'hits' => '3', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 17:30:58', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'Büttgenbach, S.', 'address' => 'Technical University of Braunschweig, Institute for Microtechnology, Langer Kamp 8, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany', 'email' => 's.buettgenbach@tu-bs.de', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1007/s00216-005-3346-6', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''A capillary electrophoresis chip with hydrodynamic sample injection for measurements from a continuous sample flow', Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 2005 383(5) 733-737', 'firstchar' => 'A', 'twochars' => 'A ', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ) ) ) $c = array( 'id' => '016080', 'authors' => 'He, F.-Y.;Liu, A.-L.;Yuan, J.-H.;Coltro, W.K.T.;Carrilho, E.;Xia, X.-H.', 'authorsweb' => 'Feng-Yun He, Ai-Lin Liu, Jin-Hua Yuan, Wendell Karlos Tomazelli Coltro, Emanuel Carrilho and Xing-Hua Xia', 'title' => 'Electrokinetic control of fluid in plastified laser-printed poly(ethylene terephthalate)-toner microchips', 'journal' => 'Anal. Bioanal. Chem.', 'journal_id' => '0938', 'fadid' => 'ABAC2005V0382P00192', 'year' => '2005', 'volume' => '382', 'issue' => '1', 'startpage' => '192', 'endpage' => '197', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0856;0548;', 'matrices' => 'NA', 'techniques' => ';0243;', 'keywords' => ';0535;', 'abstract' => 'The application of plastified laser-printed poly(ethylene terephthalate)(PET)-toner microchips to capillary electrophoresis was investigated. Electroosmotic flow was observed in the direction of the cathode for the buffer system studied (phosphate, pH 3-10). Average electroosmotic mobilities of 1.71 x 10^-4 to 4.35 x 10^-4 cm2 V-1 s-1 were observed from pH 3 to 10. This variation suggests that silica fillers in the toner and on the surface of the polymer dominate the zeta potential of the material, which is also confirmed by XPS measurements. Dopamine and catechol were used as model analytes for microchip electrophoresis in combination with electrochemical detection. Results show that these two analytes can be efficiently separated and detected electrochemically with the plastified laser-printed PET-toner microchips.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '2006-05-21 10:39:33', 'hits' => '2', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 17:30:33', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'Xia, X.H.', 'address' => 'Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Department of Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, PR China', 'email' => 'xhxia@nju.edu.cn', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1007/s00216-005-3200-x', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Electrokinetic control of fluid in plastified laser-printed poly(ethylene terephthalate)-toner microchips', Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 2005 382(1) 192-197', 'firstchar' => 'E', 'twochars' => 'El', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( 'id' => '015750', 'citation_id' => '016080', 'technique_id' => '0243' ), 'Analyte' => array( (int) 0 => array( 'id' => '00856', 'name' => 'Dopamine', 'iupac_name' => '4-(2-aminoethyl)benzene-1,2-diol', 'casrn' => '51-61-6', 'synonyms' => '2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylamine; 3,4-Dihydroxyphenethylamine; 3-Hydroxytyramine; DA; dopamine; Dopamine hydrobromide; Intropin; ', 'total' => '55', 'inchi' => 'InChI=1S/C8H11NO2/c9-4-3-6-1-2-7(10)8(11)5-6/h1-2,5,10-11H,3-4,9H2', 'inchikey' => 'VYFYYTLLBUKUHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N', 'formula' => 'C8H11NO2', 'oxstate' => 'Zero', 'url' => '', 'charge' => '0', 'class1' => 'Biological', 'class2' => 'NA', 'class3' => 'NA', 'class4' => 'Molecule', 'class5' => 'Drugs', 'isgroup' => '', 'checked' => 'yes', 'citation_count' => '0', 'updated' => '2015-12-11 16:18:02', 'first' => 'D', 'nametotal' => 'Dopamine**55', 'AnalytesCitation' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 1 => array( 'id' => '00548', 'name' => 'Catechol', 'iupac_name' => 'benzene-1,2-diol', 'casrn' => '120-80-9', 'synonyms' => '1,2-Benzenediol; 1,2-Dihydroxybenzene; 1,2-DIHYDROXYBENZENE (CATECHOL) 3346 NJRTK NO.; o-Benzenediol; o Dihydroxybenzene; Benzcatechin; Catechol; Catechol-pyrocatechol; Pyrocatechin; Pyrocatechol', 'total' => '18', 'inchi' => 'InChI=1S/C6H6O2/c7-5-3-1-2-4-6(5)8/h1-4,7-8H', 'inchikey' => 'YCIMNLLNPGFGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N', 'formula' => 'C6H6O2', 'oxstate' => '', 'url' => '', 'charge' => '0', 'class1' => 'Organic compound', 'class2' => 'NA', 'class3' => 'NA', 'class4' => 'Molecule', 'class5' => '', 'isgroup' => '', 'checked' => 'yes', 'citation_count' => '0', 'updated' => '2015-10-23 09:54:36', 'first' => 'C', 'nametotal' => 'Catechol**18', 'AnalytesCitation' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ) ), 'Matrix' => array(), 'Keyword' => array( (int) 0 => array( 'id' => '0535', 'type' => 'Analysis Type', 'keyword' => 'Microfluidic', 'newKeyword' => '', 'synonyms' => 'microchip,microchannel flow, lab on a chip', 'fao' => '', 'total' => '68', 'first' => 'M', 'keytotal' => 'Microfluidic**68', 'CitationsKeyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ) ) ) $i = (int) 6 $path = '' $a = '' $url = 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00216-005-3200-x' $aus = 'Feng-Yun He, Ai-Lin Liu, Jin-Hua Yuan, Wendell Karlos Tomazelli Coltro, Emanuel Carrilho and Xing-Hua Xia'include - APP/View/Elements/citation.ctp, line 40 View::_evaluate() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 971 View::_render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 933 View::_renderElement() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 1224 View::element() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 418 include - APP/View/Techniques/view.ctp, line 52 View::_evaluate() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 971 View::_render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 933 View::render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 473 Controller::render() - CORE/Cake/Controller/Controller.php, line 968 Dispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/Cake/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 200 Dispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/Cake/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 167 [main] - APP/webroot/index.php, line 109
Abstract:
The application of plastified laser-printed poly(ethylene terephthalate)(PET)-toner microchips to capillary electrophoresis was investigated. Electroosmotic flow was observed in the direction of the cathode for the buffer system studied (phosphate, pH 3-10). Average electroosmotic mobilities of 1.71 x 10^-4 to 4.35 x 10^-4 cm2 V-1 s-1 were observed from pH 3 to 10. This variation suggests that silica fillers in the toner and on the surface of the polymer dominate the zeta potential of the material, which is also confirmed by XPS measurements. Dopamine and catechol were used as model analytes for microchip electrophoresis in combination with electrochemical detection. Results show that these two analytes can be efficiently separated and detected electrochemically with the plastified laser-printed PET-toner microchips.
Dopamine
Catechol
Microfluidic
"Double-L Injection Technique For High Performance Capillary Electrophoresis Detection In Microfluidic Chips"
J. Micromech. Microeng.
2004 Volume 14, Issue 4 Pages 639-646
Notice (8): Undefined variable: uid [APP/View/Elements/citation.ctp, line 40]Che-Hsin Lin, Ruey-Jen Yang, Chang-Hsien Tai, Chia-Yen Lee and Lung-Ming FuCode Context?><?phpif($uid!='') {$viewFile = '/home/stuchalk/public_html/fad/app/View/Elements/citation.ctp' $dataForView = array( 'data' => array( 'Technique' => array( 'id' => '0243', 'label' => 'Electrophoresis', 'level1' => 'Electrophoresis', 'level2' => '', 'level3' => '', 'level4' => '', 'level5' => '', 'synonyms' => '', 'champ' => '', 'total' => '9', 'updated' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'name' => 'Electrophoresis', 'nametotal' => 'Electrophoresis**9', 'first' => 'E' ), 'Citation' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 1 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 2 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 3 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 4 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 5 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 6 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 7 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 8 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ) ), 'c' => array( 'id' => '016249', 'authors' => 'Lin, C.H.;Yang, R.J.;Tai, C.H.;Lee, C.Y.;Fu, L.M.', 'authorsweb' => 'Che-Hsin Lin, Ruey-Jen Yang, Chang-Hsien Tai, Chia-Yen Lee and Lung-Ming Fu', 'title' => 'Double-L injection technique for high performance capillary electrophoresis detection in microfluidic chips', 'journal' => 'J. Micromech. Microeng.', 'journal_id' => '0767', 'fadid' => 'JMMM2004V0014P00639', 'year' => '2004', 'volume' => '14', 'issue' => '4', 'startpage' => '639', 'endpage' => '646', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => '', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0243;', 'keywords' => ';0535;0213;', 'abstract' => 'This paper reports low-leakage injection techniques to deliver sample plugs within double-T-form electrophoresis microchips. Experimental and numerical investigations are used to predict and evaluate the leakage behavior during electrokinetic driving of the sample plugs. The principal material transport mechanisms including traditional cross-form, electro-floating, diffusion sampling injection techniques are discussed in this study. A simple and precise double-L injection technique that employs electrokinetic manipulations to avoid sample leakage within the microchip is also reported. The method needs only one electrical control point during injection and separation, so the control system can be smaller and cheaper. Experimental and numerical results show the proposed injection technique is able to reduce sample leakage significantly. No leakage happens after 16 sample injections using the double-L injection method while leakage usually happens using the traditional cross-form injection technique. The double-L injection technique proposed in this study has a great potential for use in high-precision analysis applications utilizing chip-based capillary electrophoresis.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '2006-06-01 22:01:27', 'hits' => '0', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-23 17:01:47', 'urlcheckcode' => '', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'Fu, L.M.', 'address' => 'Graduate Institute of Materials Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912, Taiwan', 'email' => 'loudyfu@mail.npust.edu.tw', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1088/0960-1317/14/4/027', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'no', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Double-L injection technique for high performance capillary electrophoresis detection in microfluidic chips', J. Micromech. Microeng., 2004 14(4) 639-646', 'firstchar' => 'D', 'twochars' => 'Do', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( 'id' => '015803', 'citation_id' => '016249', 'technique_id' => '0243' ), 'Analyte' => array(), 'Matrix' => array(), 'Keyword' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 1 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ) ), 'i' => (int) 7 ) $data = array( 'Technique' => array( 'id' => '0243', 'label' => 'Electrophoresis', 'level1' => 'Electrophoresis', 'level2' => '', 'level3' => '', 'level4' => '', 'level5' => '', 'synonyms' => '', 'champ' => '', 'total' => '9', 'updated' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'name' => 'Electrophoresis', 'nametotal' => 'Electrophoresis**9', 'first' => 'E' ), 'Citation' => array( (int) 0 => array( 'id' => '001069', 'authors' => 'Doku, G.N.;Haswell, S.J.', 'authorsweb' => 'G. N. Doku and S. J. Haswell', 'title' => 'Further studies into the development of a micro-FIA (µFIA) system based on electroosmotic flow for the determination of phosphate as orthophosphate', 'journal' => 'Anal. Chim. Acta', 'journal_id' => '0584', 'fadid' => 'ANCA1999V0382P00001', 'year' => '1999', 'volume' => '382', 'issue' => '1-2', 'startpage' => '1', 'endpage' => '13', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1841;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0493;0243;', 'keywords' => ';0268;Photolithography;0302;0375;0535;', 'abstract' => 'Photolithographic and wet etching techniques were used to fabricate a µFIA manifold in a borosilicate glass substrate for the spectrophotometric determination of orthophosphate based on the molybdenum blue reaction, employing electroosmotic flow for both the mobilization of reagents and sample injection. The manifold channel dimensions were 200 µm wide and 50 µm deep. An evaluation of the electroosmotic flow characteristics (i.e. voltage, solution concentration/pH ranges and current-voltage relationships) for ascorbic acid, ammonium molybdate and orthophosphate standards, with and without berate buffer present, has been carried out. In addition, the effect that reaction precursors may have on the in situ spectrophotometric detection system is also discussed. Using the optimized operating conditions of 1.75% ascorbic acid and 0.6% ammonium molybdate in 10 mM berate buffer, the calibration model for phosphate standards was found to be linear (y = 0.0036x + 0.0155; correlation coefficient, r2 = 0.9952) over the working range 1-10 µg mL-1. A sampling rate of ~60 samples/h was achieved, with a detection limit of 0.1 µg mL-1 for orthophosphate, with RSDs <5%. The reagent consumption was very low with the total reactant volume in the system estimated to be 0.6 µL and a sample volume of 0.1 µL being required.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '2006-06-01 21:41:54', 'hits' => '6', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 16:29:39', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00192', 'pauthor' => '!Haswell, S.J.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1016/S0003-2670(98)00830-7', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Further studies into the development of a micro-FIA (µFIA) system based on electroosmotic flow for the determination of phosphate as orthophosphate', Anal. Chim. Acta, 1999 382(1-2) 1-13', 'firstchar' => 'F', 'twochars' => 'Fu', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 1 => array( 'id' => '007177', 'authors' => 'Andreev, V.P.;Kamenev, A.G.;Popov, N.S.', 'authorsweb' => 'V. P. Andreev*, A. G. Kamenev and N. S. Popov', 'title' => 'Electroinjection analysis. The introduction of a new variant of flow injection analysis and comparison with electrophoretically-mediated microanalysis', 'journal' => 'Talanta', 'journal_id' => '0569', 'fadid' => 'TALT1996V0043P00909', 'year' => '1996', 'volume' => '43', 'issue' => '6', 'startpage' => '909', 'endpage' => '914', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => '', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0243;', 'keywords' => ';0213;0307;', 'abstract' => 'A method of mixing sample and reagent in FIA based on electrophoretically-mediated microanalysis (cf. Bao and Regnier, J. Chromatogr. A., 1992, 608, 217) is presented. The new method, electroinjection analysis, injects sample and reagents at opposite ends of the capillary tube and the mixing is due to the differences in their electrophoretic mobilities. Electroinjection analysis and electrophoretically-mediated microanalysis are compared and discussed.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '4', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 15:04:35', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00442', 'pauthor' => '!Andreev, V.P.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1016/0039-9140(95)01784-4', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Electroinjection analysis. The introduction of a new variant of flow injection analysis and comparison with electrophoretically-mediated microanalysis', Talanta, 1996 43(6) 909-914', 'firstchar' => 'E', 'twochars' => 'El', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 2 => array( 'id' => '010078', 'authors' => 'Villanueva, V.R.;Mardon, M.', 'authorsweb' => 'V. R. Villanueva and M. Mardon', 'title' => 'Chromatography, flow injection analysis and electrophoresis in computer assisted comparative biochemistry: its application and possibilities in clinical research. Preliminary studies on Crohns disease', 'journal' => 'J. Chromatogr. A', 'journal_id' => '0619', 'fadid' => 'JCRA1988V0440P00261', 'year' => '1988', 'volume' => '440', 'issue' => '1', 'startpage' => '261', 'endpage' => '273', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0160;1057;0155;', 'matrices' => ';0104;', 'techniques' => ';0046;0030;0243;', 'keywords' => ';0090;0078;0278;', 'abstract' => 'A computer-assisted multicomponent analytical system, developed for comparative biochemical studies, was used for a clinical study of Crohn's disease in which 73 subjects, of comparable age and sex distribution, were considered: 40 with Crohn's disease, 16 with ulcerative colitis and 17 healthy volunteers as controls. Blood samples (5 ml) were taken to recover plasma and red cells. After extraction and fractionation of low- and high-molecular weight substances, the samples were analyzed by ion-exchange chromatography and electrophoresis. The contents of amino acids, sugars, polyamines and proteins in the plasma and the red cells from the three groups of individuals were compared using statistical (means, variance, principal components analysis) and graphical profile methods. The first results indicate that the content of red cells, in comparison with plasma, allows the best differentiation of the three groups of subjects considered. In particular, the amino acids (Asp, Thr, Ser, Glu, Gly, Ala and Leu), the polyamines (spermidine and spermine) and glucose, show the most significant differences. The methodology followed and the results obtained, together with possible uses of this computer-assisted multicomponent analytical system in problems concerning clinical research, are discussed.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '16', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 19:05:10', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'NA', 'address' => 'Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles Cnrs Gif-sur-Yvette France.', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1016/S0021-9673(00)94529-1', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Chromatography, flow injection analysis and electrophoresis in computer assisted comparative biochemistry: its application and possibilities in clinical research. Preliminary studies on Crohns disease', J. Chromatogr. A, 1988 440(1) 261-273', 'firstchar' => 'C', 'twochars' => 'Ch', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 3 => array( 'id' => '011977', 'authors' => 'Emmer, A.;Roeraade, J.', 'authorsweb' => 'Å. Emmer and J. Roeraade', 'title' => 'Micro enzymic assay coupled to capillary electrophoresis via liquid junction', 'journal' => 'Chromatographia', 'journal_id' => '0984', 'fadid' => 'CRGR1994V0039P00271', 'year' => '1994', 'volume' => '39', 'issue' => '5-6', 'startpage' => '271', 'endpage' => '278', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1063;1053;', 'matrices' => 'NA', 'techniques' => ';0243;', 'keywords' => ';0446;0339;', 'abstract' => 'A improved setup for a previously described capillary electrophoresis system combined with an online enzymatic assay (cf. J. Chromatogr. A, 1994, 662, 275) was evaluated for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase. The old configuration involved a post-column reactor with a press-driven substrate flow; the new setup involved an electrically controlled substrate flow. The post-column reactor was coupled to the separation capillary by a liquid junction. Two different setups are described: (i) a high-voltage supply connected between the injector and the outlet of the reaction capillary; and (ii) two high-voltage supplies connected between the injector and the Tee and the Tee and the outlet of the reaction capillary, respectively (details given). The setup allowed capillaries of the same diameter to be used for the separation and the post-column reaction, which meant that dilution of solutes was minimized resulting in better detection sensitivity. Also, stopped-flow procedures could be carried out allowing enhanced reaction product formation. The method offers a high degree of freedom in optimizing the separation and enzymatic reaction conditions individually. Results are discussed.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'No', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '6', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 09:02:43', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'NA', 'address' => 'Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1007/BF02274513', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Micro enzymic assay coupled to capillary electrophoresis via liquid junction', Chromatographia, 1994 39(5-6) 271-278', 'firstchar' => 'M', 'twochars' => 'Mi', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 4 => array( 'id' => '012241', 'authors' => 'Issaq, H.J.;Chan, K.C.', 'authorsweb' => 'Haleem J. Issaq, King C. Chan', 'title' => 'Separation and detection of amino acids and their enantiomers by capillary electrophoresis: a review', 'journal' => 'Electrophoresis', 'journal_id' => '1004', 'fadid' => 'ECPH1995V0016P00467', 'year' => '1995', 'volume' => '16', 'issue' => '1', 'startpage' => '467', 'endpage' => '480', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => '', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0243;', 'keywords' => ';0339;0345;0389;', 'abstract' => 'Since its introduction as an analytical technique capillary electrophoresis has been used for the separation of amino acids and their enantiomers; over 150 studies have been published to date. This review deals with their separation and detection. Amino acids have been resolved using both capillary zone electrophoresis and micellar electrokinetic chromatography. Pre-column derivatization schemes which are employed for the sensitive detection of amino acids are discussed. Criteria for the selection of the pre- or post-column derivatizing agent, chromophore or fluorophore, are presented. Detection systems, direct and indirect, that have been used are given with emphasis on fluorogenic reagents and laser induced fluorescence detection. Also, procedures for the separation of amino acid enantiomers are discussed and illustrated.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'No', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '4', 'urlcheck' => '2014-11-25 23:04:14', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found (Array)', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'Issaq, H.J.', 'address' => 'Program Resources, Inc./DynCorp, NCI-Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center, Frederick, MD USA', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1002/elps.1150160178', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'no', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Separation and detection of amino acids and their enantiomers by capillary electrophoresis: a review', Electrophoresis, 1995 16(1) 467-480', 'firstchar' => 'S', 'twochars' => 'Se', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 5 => array( 'id' => '014358', 'authors' => 'Shmidt, J.L.;Cheh, H.Y.', 'authorsweb' => 'Joseph L. Shmidt; Huk Y. Cheh', 'title' => 'Continuous free-flow electrophoresis in an alternating two-dimensional electric field', 'journal' => 'Sep. Sci. Technol.', 'journal_id' => '0835', 'fadid' => 'SSCT1991V0026P00947', 'year' => '1991', 'volume' => '26', 'issue' => '7', 'startpage' => '947', 'endpage' => '959', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => '', 'matrices' => 'NA', 'techniques' => ';0243;', 'keywords' => ';0054;', 'abstract' => 'The charged solute moves in three directions, flowing continuously downwards with the main buffer and migrating electrophoretically in two other perpendicular directions. Particles are fractionated in proportion to the squares of their electrophoretic mobilities. The method is expected to show good resolution for the separation of peptides, proteins and organelles.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '2011-01-16 12:54:12', 'hits' => '4', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 02:20:46', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'NA', 'address' => 'Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027 USA', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1080/01496399108050506', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Continuous free-flow electrophoresis in an alternating two-dimensional electric field', Sep. Sci. Technol., 1991 26(7) 947-959', 'firstchar' => 'C', 'twochars' => 'Co', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 6 => array( 'id' => '016080', 'authors' => 'He, F.-Y.;Liu, A.-L.;Yuan, J.-H.;Coltro, W.K.T.;Carrilho, E.;Xia, X.-H.', 'authorsweb' => 'Feng-Yun He, Ai-Lin Liu, Jin-Hua Yuan, Wendell Karlos Tomazelli Coltro, Emanuel Carrilho and Xing-Hua Xia', 'title' => 'Electrokinetic control of fluid in plastified laser-printed poly(ethylene terephthalate)-toner microchips', 'journal' => 'Anal. Bioanal. Chem.', 'journal_id' => '0938', 'fadid' => 'ABAC2005V0382P00192', 'year' => '2005', 'volume' => '382', 'issue' => '1', 'startpage' => '192', 'endpage' => '197', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0856;0548;', 'matrices' => 'NA', 'techniques' => ';0243;', 'keywords' => ';0535;', 'abstract' => 'The application of plastified laser-printed poly(ethylene terephthalate)(PET)-toner microchips to capillary electrophoresis was investigated. Electroosmotic flow was observed in the direction of the cathode for the buffer system studied (phosphate, pH 3-10). Average electroosmotic mobilities of 1.71 x 10^-4 to 4.35 x 10^-4 cm2 V-1 s-1 were observed from pH 3 to 10. This variation suggests that silica fillers in the toner and on the surface of the polymer dominate the zeta potential of the material, which is also confirmed by XPS measurements. Dopamine and catechol were used as model analytes for microchip electrophoresis in combination with electrochemical detection. Results show that these two analytes can be efficiently separated and detected electrochemically with the plastified laser-printed PET-toner microchips.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '2006-05-21 10:39:33', 'hits' => '2', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 17:30:33', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'Xia, X.H.', 'address' => 'Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Department of Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, PR China', 'email' => 'xhxia@nju.edu.cn', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1007/s00216-005-3200-x', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Electrokinetic control of fluid in plastified laser-printed poly(ethylene terephthalate)-toner microchips', Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 2005 382(1) 192-197', 'firstchar' => 'E', 'twochars' => 'El', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 7 => array( 'id' => '016249', 'authors' => 'Lin, C.H.;Yang, R.J.;Tai, C.H.;Lee, C.Y.;Fu, L.M.', 'authorsweb' => 'Che-Hsin Lin, Ruey-Jen Yang, Chang-Hsien Tai, Chia-Yen Lee and Lung-Ming Fu', 'title' => 'Double-L injection technique for high performance capillary electrophoresis detection in microfluidic chips', 'journal' => 'J. Micromech. Microeng.', 'journal_id' => '0767', 'fadid' => 'JMMM2004V0014P00639', 'year' => '2004', 'volume' => '14', 'issue' => '4', 'startpage' => '639', 'endpage' => '646', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => '', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0243;', 'keywords' => ';0535;0213;', 'abstract' => 'This paper reports low-leakage injection techniques to deliver sample plugs within double-T-form electrophoresis microchips. Experimental and numerical investigations are used to predict and evaluate the leakage behavior during electrokinetic driving of the sample plugs. The principal material transport mechanisms including traditional cross-form, electro-floating, diffusion sampling injection techniques are discussed in this study. A simple and precise double-L injection technique that employs electrokinetic manipulations to avoid sample leakage within the microchip is also reported. The method needs only one electrical control point during injection and separation, so the control system can be smaller and cheaper. Experimental and numerical results show the proposed injection technique is able to reduce sample leakage significantly. No leakage happens after 16 sample injections using the double-L injection method while leakage usually happens using the traditional cross-form injection technique. The double-L injection technique proposed in this study has a great potential for use in high-precision analysis applications utilizing chip-based capillary electrophoresis.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '2006-06-01 22:01:27', 'hits' => '0', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-23 17:01:47', 'urlcheckcode' => '', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'Fu, L.M.', 'address' => 'Graduate Institute of Materials Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912, Taiwan', 'email' => 'loudyfu@mail.npust.edu.tw', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1088/0960-1317/14/4/027', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'no', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Double-L injection technique for high performance capillary electrophoresis detection in microfluidic chips', J. Micromech. Microeng., 2004 14(4) 639-646', 'firstchar' => 'D', 'twochars' => 'Do', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 8 => array( 'id' => '017148', 'authors' => 'Büttgenbach, S.;Wilke, R.', 'authorsweb' => 'S. Büttgenbach, R. Wilke', 'title' => 'A capillary electrophoresis chip with hydrodynamic sample injection for measurements from a continuous sample flow', 'journal' => 'Anal. Bioanal. Chem.', 'journal_id' => '0938', 'fadid' => 'ABAC2005V0383P00733', 'year' => '2005', 'volume' => '383', 'issue' => '5', 'startpage' => '733', 'endpage' => '737', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => '', 'matrices' => 'NA', 'techniques' => ';0243;0244;', 'keywords' => ';0535;0213;0384;0268;', 'abstract' => 'A microchip-based capillary electrophoresis device supported by a microfluidic network made of poly(dimethylsiloxane), used for measuring target analytes from a continuous sample flow, is presented. The microsystem was fabricated by means of replica molding in combination with standard microfabrication technologies, resulting in microfluidic components and an electrochemical detector. A new hydrodynamic sample injection procedure is introduced, and the maximum number of consecutive measurements that can be made with a poly(dimethylsiloxane) capillary electrophoresis chip with amperometric detection is investigated with respect to reproducibility. The device features a high degree of functional integration, so the benefits associated with miniaturized analysis systems apply to it.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '2007-03-21 10:08:59', 'hits' => '3', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 17:30:58', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'Büttgenbach, S.', 'address' => 'Technical University of Braunschweig, Institute for Microtechnology, Langer Kamp 8, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany', 'email' => 's.buettgenbach@tu-bs.de', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1007/s00216-005-3346-6', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''A capillary electrophoresis chip with hydrodynamic sample injection for measurements from a continuous sample flow', Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 2005 383(5) 733-737', 'firstchar' => 'A', 'twochars' => 'A ', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ) ) ) $c = array( 'id' => '016249', 'authors' => 'Lin, C.H.;Yang, R.J.;Tai, C.H.;Lee, C.Y.;Fu, L.M.', 'authorsweb' => 'Che-Hsin Lin, Ruey-Jen Yang, Chang-Hsien Tai, Chia-Yen Lee and Lung-Ming Fu', 'title' => 'Double-L injection technique for high performance capillary electrophoresis detection in microfluidic chips', 'journal' => 'J. Micromech. Microeng.', 'journal_id' => '0767', 'fadid' => 'JMMM2004V0014P00639', 'year' => '2004', 'volume' => '14', 'issue' => '4', 'startpage' => '639', 'endpage' => '646', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => '', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0243;', 'keywords' => ';0535;0213;', 'abstract' => 'This paper reports low-leakage injection techniques to deliver sample plugs within double-T-form electrophoresis microchips. Experimental and numerical investigations are used to predict and evaluate the leakage behavior during electrokinetic driving of the sample plugs. The principal material transport mechanisms including traditional cross-form, electro-floating, diffusion sampling injection techniques are discussed in this study. A simple and precise double-L injection technique that employs electrokinetic manipulations to avoid sample leakage within the microchip is also reported. The method needs only one electrical control point during injection and separation, so the control system can be smaller and cheaper. Experimental and numerical results show the proposed injection technique is able to reduce sample leakage significantly. No leakage happens after 16 sample injections using the double-L injection method while leakage usually happens using the traditional cross-form injection technique. The double-L injection technique proposed in this study has a great potential for use in high-precision analysis applications utilizing chip-based capillary electrophoresis.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '2006-06-01 22:01:27', 'hits' => '0', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-23 17:01:47', 'urlcheckcode' => '', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'Fu, L.M.', 'address' => 'Graduate Institute of Materials Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912, Taiwan', 'email' => 'loudyfu@mail.npust.edu.tw', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1088/0960-1317/14/4/027', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'no', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Double-L injection technique for high performance capillary electrophoresis detection in microfluidic chips', J. Micromech. Microeng., 2004 14(4) 639-646', 'firstchar' => 'D', 'twochars' => 'Do', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( 'id' => '015803', 'citation_id' => '016249', 'technique_id' => '0243' ), 'Analyte' => array(), 'Matrix' => array(), 'Keyword' => array( (int) 0 => array( 'id' => '0535', 'type' => 'Analysis Type', 'keyword' => 'Microfluidic', 'newKeyword' => '', 'synonyms' => 'microchip,microchannel flow, lab on a chip', 'fao' => '', 'total' => '68', 'first' => 'M', 'keytotal' => 'Microfluidic**68', 'CitationsKeyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 1 => array( 'id' => '0213', 'type' => 'Manifold process', 'keyword' => 'Injection technique', 'newKeyword' => '', 'synonyms' => '', 'fao' => '', 'total' => '59', 'first' => 'I', 'keytotal' => 'Injection technique**59', 'CitationsKeyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ) ) ) $i = (int) 7 $path = '' $a = '' $url = 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0960-1317/14/4/027' $aus = 'Che-Hsin Lin, Ruey-Jen Yang, Chang-Hsien Tai, Chia-Yen Lee and Lung-Ming Fu'include - APP/View/Elements/citation.ctp, line 40 View::_evaluate() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 971 View::_render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 933 View::_renderElement() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 1224 View::element() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 418 include - APP/View/Techniques/view.ctp, line 52 View::_evaluate() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 971 View::_render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 933 View::render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 473 Controller::render() - CORE/Cake/Controller/Controller.php, line 968 Dispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/Cake/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 200 Dispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/Cake/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 167 [main] - APP/webroot/index.php, line 109
Abstract:
This paper reports low-leakage injection techniques to deliver sample plugs within double-T-form electrophoresis microchips. Experimental and numerical investigations are used to predict and evaluate the leakage behavior during electrokinetic driving of the sample plugs. The principal material transport mechanisms including traditional cross-form, electro-floating, diffusion sampling injection techniques are discussed in this study. A simple and precise double-L injection technique that employs electrokinetic manipulations to avoid sample leakage within the microchip is also reported. The method needs only one electrical control point during injection and separation, so the control system can be smaller and cheaper. Experimental and numerical results show the proposed injection technique is able to reduce sample leakage significantly. No leakage happens after 16 sample injections using the double-L injection method while leakage usually happens using the traditional cross-form injection technique. The double-L injection technique proposed in this study has a great potential for use in high-precision analysis applications utilizing chip-based capillary electrophoresis.
Microfluidic
Injection technique
"A Capillary Electrophoresis Chip With Hydrodynamic Sample Injection For Measurements From A Continuous Sample Flow"
Anal. Bioanal. Chem.
2005 Volume 383, Issue 5 Pages 733-737
Notice (8): Undefined variable: uid [APP/View/Elements/citation.ctp, line 40]S. Büttgenbach, R. WilkeCode Context?><?phpif($uid!='') {$viewFile = '/home/stuchalk/public_html/fad/app/View/Elements/citation.ctp' $dataForView = array( 'data' => array( 'Technique' => array( 'id' => '0243', 'label' => 'Electrophoresis', 'level1' => 'Electrophoresis', 'level2' => '', 'level3' => '', 'level4' => '', 'level5' => '', 'synonyms' => '', 'champ' => '', 'total' => '9', 'updated' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'name' => 'Electrophoresis', 'nametotal' => 'Electrophoresis**9', 'first' => 'E' ), 'Citation' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 1 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 2 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 3 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 4 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 5 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 6 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 7 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 8 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ) ), 'c' => array( 'id' => '017148', 'authors' => 'Büttgenbach, S.;Wilke, R.', 'authorsweb' => 'S. Büttgenbach, R. Wilke', 'title' => 'A capillary electrophoresis chip with hydrodynamic sample injection for measurements from a continuous sample flow', 'journal' => 'Anal. Bioanal. Chem.', 'journal_id' => '0938', 'fadid' => 'ABAC2005V0383P00733', 'year' => '2005', 'volume' => '383', 'issue' => '5', 'startpage' => '733', 'endpage' => '737', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => '', 'matrices' => 'NA', 'techniques' => ';0243;0244;', 'keywords' => ';0535;0213;0384;0268;', 'abstract' => 'A microchip-based capillary electrophoresis device supported by a microfluidic network made of poly(dimethylsiloxane), used for measuring target analytes from a continuous sample flow, is presented. The microsystem was fabricated by means of replica molding in combination with standard microfabrication technologies, resulting in microfluidic components and an electrochemical detector. A new hydrodynamic sample injection procedure is introduced, and the maximum number of consecutive measurements that can be made with a poly(dimethylsiloxane) capillary electrophoresis chip with amperometric detection is investigated with respect to reproducibility. The device features a high degree of functional integration, so the benefits associated with miniaturized analysis systems apply to it.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '2007-03-21 10:08:59', 'hits' => '3', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 17:30:58', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'Büttgenbach, S.', 'address' => 'Technical University of Braunschweig, Institute for Microtechnology, Langer Kamp 8, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany', 'email' => 's.buettgenbach@tu-bs.de', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1007/s00216-005-3346-6', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''A capillary electrophoresis chip with hydrodynamic sample injection for measurements from a continuous sample flow', Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 2005 383(5) 733-737', 'firstchar' => 'A', 'twochars' => 'A ', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( 'id' => '015946', 'citation_id' => '017148', 'technique_id' => '0243' ), 'Analyte' => array(), 'Matrix' => array(), 'Keyword' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 1 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 2 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 3 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ) ), 'i' => (int) 8 ) $data = array( 'Technique' => array( 'id' => '0243', 'label' => 'Electrophoresis', 'level1' => 'Electrophoresis', 'level2' => '', 'level3' => '', 'level4' => '', 'level5' => '', 'synonyms' => '', 'champ' => '', 'total' => '9', 'updated' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'name' => 'Electrophoresis', 'nametotal' => 'Electrophoresis**9', 'first' => 'E' ), 'Citation' => array( (int) 0 => array( 'id' => '001069', 'authors' => 'Doku, G.N.;Haswell, S.J.', 'authorsweb' => 'G. N. Doku and S. J. Haswell', 'title' => 'Further studies into the development of a micro-FIA (µFIA) system based on electroosmotic flow for the determination of phosphate as orthophosphate', 'journal' => 'Anal. Chim. Acta', 'journal_id' => '0584', 'fadid' => 'ANCA1999V0382P00001', 'year' => '1999', 'volume' => '382', 'issue' => '1-2', 'startpage' => '1', 'endpage' => '13', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1841;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0493;0243;', 'keywords' => ';0268;Photolithography;0302;0375;0535;', 'abstract' => 'Photolithographic and wet etching techniques were used to fabricate a µFIA manifold in a borosilicate glass substrate for the spectrophotometric determination of orthophosphate based on the molybdenum blue reaction, employing electroosmotic flow for both the mobilization of reagents and sample injection. The manifold channel dimensions were 200 µm wide and 50 µm deep. An evaluation of the electroosmotic flow characteristics (i.e. voltage, solution concentration/pH ranges and current-voltage relationships) for ascorbic acid, ammonium molybdate and orthophosphate standards, with and without berate buffer present, has been carried out. In addition, the effect that reaction precursors may have on the in situ spectrophotometric detection system is also discussed. Using the optimized operating conditions of 1.75% ascorbic acid and 0.6% ammonium molybdate in 10 mM berate buffer, the calibration model for phosphate standards was found to be linear (y = 0.0036x + 0.0155; correlation coefficient, r2 = 0.9952) over the working range 1-10 µg mL-1. A sampling rate of ~60 samples/h was achieved, with a detection limit of 0.1 µg mL-1 for orthophosphate, with RSDs <5%. The reagent consumption was very low with the total reactant volume in the system estimated to be 0.6 µL and a sample volume of 0.1 µL being required.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '2006-06-01 21:41:54', 'hits' => '6', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 16:29:39', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00192', 'pauthor' => '!Haswell, S.J.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1016/S0003-2670(98)00830-7', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Further studies into the development of a micro-FIA (µFIA) system based on electroosmotic flow for the determination of phosphate as orthophosphate', Anal. Chim. Acta, 1999 382(1-2) 1-13', 'firstchar' => 'F', 'twochars' => 'Fu', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 1 => array( 'id' => '007177', 'authors' => 'Andreev, V.P.;Kamenev, A.G.;Popov, N.S.', 'authorsweb' => 'V. P. Andreev*, A. G. Kamenev and N. S. Popov', 'title' => 'Electroinjection analysis. The introduction of a new variant of flow injection analysis and comparison with electrophoretically-mediated microanalysis', 'journal' => 'Talanta', 'journal_id' => '0569', 'fadid' => 'TALT1996V0043P00909', 'year' => '1996', 'volume' => '43', 'issue' => '6', 'startpage' => '909', 'endpage' => '914', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => '', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0243;', 'keywords' => ';0213;0307;', 'abstract' => 'A method of mixing sample and reagent in FIA based on electrophoretically-mediated microanalysis (cf. Bao and Regnier, J. Chromatogr. A., 1992, 608, 217) is presented. The new method, electroinjection analysis, injects sample and reagents at opposite ends of the capillary tube and the mixing is due to the differences in their electrophoretic mobilities. Electroinjection analysis and electrophoretically-mediated microanalysis are compared and discussed.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '4', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 15:04:35', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00442', 'pauthor' => '!Andreev, V.P.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1016/0039-9140(95)01784-4', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Electroinjection analysis. The introduction of a new variant of flow injection analysis and comparison with electrophoretically-mediated microanalysis', Talanta, 1996 43(6) 909-914', 'firstchar' => 'E', 'twochars' => 'El', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 2 => array( 'id' => '010078', 'authors' => 'Villanueva, V.R.;Mardon, M.', 'authorsweb' => 'V. R. Villanueva and M. Mardon', 'title' => 'Chromatography, flow injection analysis and electrophoresis in computer assisted comparative biochemistry: its application and possibilities in clinical research. Preliminary studies on Crohns disease', 'journal' => 'J. Chromatogr. A', 'journal_id' => '0619', 'fadid' => 'JCRA1988V0440P00261', 'year' => '1988', 'volume' => '440', 'issue' => '1', 'startpage' => '261', 'endpage' => '273', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0160;1057;0155;', 'matrices' => ';0104;', 'techniques' => ';0046;0030;0243;', 'keywords' => ';0090;0078;0278;', 'abstract' => 'A computer-assisted multicomponent analytical system, developed for comparative biochemical studies, was used for a clinical study of Crohn's disease in which 73 subjects, of comparable age and sex distribution, were considered: 40 with Crohn's disease, 16 with ulcerative colitis and 17 healthy volunteers as controls. Blood samples (5 ml) were taken to recover plasma and red cells. After extraction and fractionation of low- and high-molecular weight substances, the samples were analyzed by ion-exchange chromatography and electrophoresis. The contents of amino acids, sugars, polyamines and proteins in the plasma and the red cells from the three groups of individuals were compared using statistical (means, variance, principal components analysis) and graphical profile methods. The first results indicate that the content of red cells, in comparison with plasma, allows the best differentiation of the three groups of subjects considered. In particular, the amino acids (Asp, Thr, Ser, Glu, Gly, Ala and Leu), the polyamines (spermidine and spermine) and glucose, show the most significant differences. The methodology followed and the results obtained, together with possible uses of this computer-assisted multicomponent analytical system in problems concerning clinical research, are discussed.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '16', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 19:05:10', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'NA', 'address' => 'Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles Cnrs Gif-sur-Yvette France.', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1016/S0021-9673(00)94529-1', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Chromatography, flow injection analysis and electrophoresis in computer assisted comparative biochemistry: its application and possibilities in clinical research. Preliminary studies on Crohns disease', J. Chromatogr. A, 1988 440(1) 261-273', 'firstchar' => 'C', 'twochars' => 'Ch', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 3 => array( 'id' => '011977', 'authors' => 'Emmer, A.;Roeraade, J.', 'authorsweb' => 'Å. Emmer and J. Roeraade', 'title' => 'Micro enzymic assay coupled to capillary electrophoresis via liquid junction', 'journal' => 'Chromatographia', 'journal_id' => '0984', 'fadid' => 'CRGR1994V0039P00271', 'year' => '1994', 'volume' => '39', 'issue' => '5-6', 'startpage' => '271', 'endpage' => '278', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1063;1053;', 'matrices' => 'NA', 'techniques' => ';0243;', 'keywords' => ';0446;0339;', 'abstract' => 'A improved setup for a previously described capillary electrophoresis system combined with an online enzymatic assay (cf. J. Chromatogr. A, 1994, 662, 275) was evaluated for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase. The old configuration involved a post-column reactor with a press-driven substrate flow; the new setup involved an electrically controlled substrate flow. The post-column reactor was coupled to the separation capillary by a liquid junction. Two different setups are described: (i) a high-voltage supply connected between the injector and the outlet of the reaction capillary; and (ii) two high-voltage supplies connected between the injector and the Tee and the Tee and the outlet of the reaction capillary, respectively (details given). The setup allowed capillaries of the same diameter to be used for the separation and the post-column reaction, which meant that dilution of solutes was minimized resulting in better detection sensitivity. Also, stopped-flow procedures could be carried out allowing enhanced reaction product formation. The method offers a high degree of freedom in optimizing the separation and enzymatic reaction conditions individually. Results are discussed.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'No', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '6', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 09:02:43', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'NA', 'address' => 'Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1007/BF02274513', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Micro enzymic assay coupled to capillary electrophoresis via liquid junction', Chromatographia, 1994 39(5-6) 271-278', 'firstchar' => 'M', 'twochars' => 'Mi', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 4 => array( 'id' => '012241', 'authors' => 'Issaq, H.J.;Chan, K.C.', 'authorsweb' => 'Haleem J. Issaq, King C. Chan', 'title' => 'Separation and detection of amino acids and their enantiomers by capillary electrophoresis: a review', 'journal' => 'Electrophoresis', 'journal_id' => '1004', 'fadid' => 'ECPH1995V0016P00467', 'year' => '1995', 'volume' => '16', 'issue' => '1', 'startpage' => '467', 'endpage' => '480', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => '', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0243;', 'keywords' => ';0339;0345;0389;', 'abstract' => 'Since its introduction as an analytical technique capillary electrophoresis has been used for the separation of amino acids and their enantiomers; over 150 studies have been published to date. This review deals with their separation and detection. Amino acids have been resolved using both capillary zone electrophoresis and micellar electrokinetic chromatography. Pre-column derivatization schemes which are employed for the sensitive detection of amino acids are discussed. Criteria for the selection of the pre- or post-column derivatizing agent, chromophore or fluorophore, are presented. Detection systems, direct and indirect, that have been used are given with emphasis on fluorogenic reagents and laser induced fluorescence detection. Also, procedures for the separation of amino acid enantiomers are discussed and illustrated.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'No', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '4', 'urlcheck' => '2014-11-25 23:04:14', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found (Array)', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'Issaq, H.J.', 'address' => 'Program Resources, Inc./DynCorp, NCI-Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center, Frederick, MD USA', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1002/elps.1150160178', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'no', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Separation and detection of amino acids and their enantiomers by capillary electrophoresis: a review', Electrophoresis, 1995 16(1) 467-480', 'firstchar' => 'S', 'twochars' => 'Se', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 5 => array( 'id' => '014358', 'authors' => 'Shmidt, J.L.;Cheh, H.Y.', 'authorsweb' => 'Joseph L. Shmidt; Huk Y. Cheh', 'title' => 'Continuous free-flow electrophoresis in an alternating two-dimensional electric field', 'journal' => 'Sep. Sci. Technol.', 'journal_id' => '0835', 'fadid' => 'SSCT1991V0026P00947', 'year' => '1991', 'volume' => '26', 'issue' => '7', 'startpage' => '947', 'endpage' => '959', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => '', 'matrices' => 'NA', 'techniques' => ';0243;', 'keywords' => ';0054;', 'abstract' => 'The charged solute moves in three directions, flowing continuously downwards with the main buffer and migrating electrophoretically in two other perpendicular directions. Particles are fractionated in proportion to the squares of their electrophoretic mobilities. The method is expected to show good resolution for the separation of peptides, proteins and organelles.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '2011-01-16 12:54:12', 'hits' => '4', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 02:20:46', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'NA', 'address' => 'Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027 USA', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1080/01496399108050506', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Continuous free-flow electrophoresis in an alternating two-dimensional electric field', Sep. Sci. Technol., 1991 26(7) 947-959', 'firstchar' => 'C', 'twochars' => 'Co', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 6 => array( 'id' => '016080', 'authors' => 'He, F.-Y.;Liu, A.-L.;Yuan, J.-H.;Coltro, W.K.T.;Carrilho, E.;Xia, X.-H.', 'authorsweb' => 'Feng-Yun He, Ai-Lin Liu, Jin-Hua Yuan, Wendell Karlos Tomazelli Coltro, Emanuel Carrilho and Xing-Hua Xia', 'title' => 'Electrokinetic control of fluid in plastified laser-printed poly(ethylene terephthalate)-toner microchips', 'journal' => 'Anal. Bioanal. Chem.', 'journal_id' => '0938', 'fadid' => 'ABAC2005V0382P00192', 'year' => '2005', 'volume' => '382', 'issue' => '1', 'startpage' => '192', 'endpage' => '197', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0856;0548;', 'matrices' => 'NA', 'techniques' => ';0243;', 'keywords' => ';0535;', 'abstract' => 'The application of plastified laser-printed poly(ethylene terephthalate)(PET)-toner microchips to capillary electrophoresis was investigated. Electroosmotic flow was observed in the direction of the cathode for the buffer system studied (phosphate, pH 3-10). Average electroosmotic mobilities of 1.71 x 10^-4 to 4.35 x 10^-4 cm2 V-1 s-1 were observed from pH 3 to 10. This variation suggests that silica fillers in the toner and on the surface of the polymer dominate the zeta potential of the material, which is also confirmed by XPS measurements. Dopamine and catechol were used as model analytes for microchip electrophoresis in combination with electrochemical detection. Results show that these two analytes can be efficiently separated and detected electrochemically with the plastified laser-printed PET-toner microchips.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '2006-05-21 10:39:33', 'hits' => '2', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 17:30:33', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'Xia, X.H.', 'address' => 'Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Department of Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, PR China', 'email' => 'xhxia@nju.edu.cn', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1007/s00216-005-3200-x', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Electrokinetic control of fluid in plastified laser-printed poly(ethylene terephthalate)-toner microchips', Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 2005 382(1) 192-197', 'firstchar' => 'E', 'twochars' => 'El', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 7 => array( 'id' => '016249', 'authors' => 'Lin, C.H.;Yang, R.J.;Tai, C.H.;Lee, C.Y.;Fu, L.M.', 'authorsweb' => 'Che-Hsin Lin, Ruey-Jen Yang, Chang-Hsien Tai, Chia-Yen Lee and Lung-Ming Fu', 'title' => 'Double-L injection technique for high performance capillary electrophoresis detection in microfluidic chips', 'journal' => 'J. Micromech. Microeng.', 'journal_id' => '0767', 'fadid' => 'JMMM2004V0014P00639', 'year' => '2004', 'volume' => '14', 'issue' => '4', 'startpage' => '639', 'endpage' => '646', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => '', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0243;', 'keywords' => ';0535;0213;', 'abstract' => 'This paper reports low-leakage injection techniques to deliver sample plugs within double-T-form electrophoresis microchips. Experimental and numerical investigations are used to predict and evaluate the leakage behavior during electrokinetic driving of the sample plugs. The principal material transport mechanisms including traditional cross-form, electro-floating, diffusion sampling injection techniques are discussed in this study. A simple and precise double-L injection technique that employs electrokinetic manipulations to avoid sample leakage within the microchip is also reported. The method needs only one electrical control point during injection and separation, so the control system can be smaller and cheaper. Experimental and numerical results show the proposed injection technique is able to reduce sample leakage significantly. No leakage happens after 16 sample injections using the double-L injection method while leakage usually happens using the traditional cross-form injection technique. The double-L injection technique proposed in this study has a great potential for use in high-precision analysis applications utilizing chip-based capillary electrophoresis.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '2006-06-01 22:01:27', 'hits' => '0', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-23 17:01:47', 'urlcheckcode' => '', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'Fu, L.M.', 'address' => 'Graduate Institute of Materials Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912, Taiwan', 'email' => 'loudyfu@mail.npust.edu.tw', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1088/0960-1317/14/4/027', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'no', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Double-L injection technique for high performance capillary electrophoresis detection in microfluidic chips', J. Micromech. Microeng., 2004 14(4) 639-646', 'firstchar' => 'D', 'twochars' => 'Do', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 8 => array( 'id' => '017148', 'authors' => 'Büttgenbach, S.;Wilke, R.', 'authorsweb' => 'S. Büttgenbach, R. Wilke', 'title' => 'A capillary electrophoresis chip with hydrodynamic sample injection for measurements from a continuous sample flow', 'journal' => 'Anal. Bioanal. Chem.', 'journal_id' => '0938', 'fadid' => 'ABAC2005V0383P00733', 'year' => '2005', 'volume' => '383', 'issue' => '5', 'startpage' => '733', 'endpage' => '737', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => '', 'matrices' => 'NA', 'techniques' => ';0243;0244;', 'keywords' => ';0535;0213;0384;0268;', 'abstract' => 'A microchip-based capillary electrophoresis device supported by a microfluidic network made of poly(dimethylsiloxane), used for measuring target analytes from a continuous sample flow, is presented. The microsystem was fabricated by means of replica molding in combination with standard microfabrication technologies, resulting in microfluidic components and an electrochemical detector. A new hydrodynamic sample injection procedure is introduced, and the maximum number of consecutive measurements that can be made with a poly(dimethylsiloxane) capillary electrophoresis chip with amperometric detection is investigated with respect to reproducibility. The device features a high degree of functional integration, so the benefits associated with miniaturized analysis systems apply to it.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '2007-03-21 10:08:59', 'hits' => '3', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 17:30:58', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'Büttgenbach, S.', 'address' => 'Technical University of Braunschweig, Institute for Microtechnology, Langer Kamp 8, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany', 'email' => 's.buettgenbach@tu-bs.de', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1007/s00216-005-3346-6', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''A capillary electrophoresis chip with hydrodynamic sample injection for measurements from a continuous sample flow', Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 2005 383(5) 733-737', 'firstchar' => 'A', 'twochars' => 'A ', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ) ) ) $c = array( 'id' => '017148', 'authors' => 'Büttgenbach, S.;Wilke, R.', 'authorsweb' => 'S. Büttgenbach, R. Wilke', 'title' => 'A capillary electrophoresis chip with hydrodynamic sample injection for measurements from a continuous sample flow', 'journal' => 'Anal. Bioanal. Chem.', 'journal_id' => '0938', 'fadid' => 'ABAC2005V0383P00733', 'year' => '2005', 'volume' => '383', 'issue' => '5', 'startpage' => '733', 'endpage' => '737', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => '', 'matrices' => 'NA', 'techniques' => ';0243;0244;', 'keywords' => ';0535;0213;0384;0268;', 'abstract' => 'A microchip-based capillary electrophoresis device supported by a microfluidic network made of poly(dimethylsiloxane), used for measuring target analytes from a continuous sample flow, is presented. The microsystem was fabricated by means of replica molding in combination with standard microfabrication technologies, resulting in microfluidic components and an electrochemical detector. A new hydrodynamic sample injection procedure is introduced, and the maximum number of consecutive measurements that can be made with a poly(dimethylsiloxane) capillary electrophoresis chip with amperometric detection is investigated with respect to reproducibility. The device features a high degree of functional integration, so the benefits associated with miniaturized analysis systems apply to it.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '2007-03-21 10:08:59', 'hits' => '3', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 17:30:58', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'Büttgenbach, S.', 'address' => 'Technical University of Braunschweig, Institute for Microtechnology, Langer Kamp 8, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany', 'email' => 's.buettgenbach@tu-bs.de', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1007/s00216-005-3346-6', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''A capillary electrophoresis chip with hydrodynamic sample injection for measurements from a continuous sample flow', Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 2005 383(5) 733-737', 'firstchar' => 'A', 'twochars' => 'A ', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( 'id' => '015946', 'citation_id' => '017148', 'technique_id' => '0243' ), 'Analyte' => array(), 'Matrix' => array(), 'Keyword' => array( (int) 0 => array( 'id' => '0535', 'type' => 'Analysis Type', 'keyword' => 'Microfluidic', 'newKeyword' => '', 'synonyms' => 'microchip,microchannel flow, lab on a chip', 'fao' => '', 'total' => '68', 'first' => 'M', 'keytotal' => 'Microfluidic**68', 'CitationsKeyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 1 => array( 'id' => '0213', 'type' => 'Manifold process', 'keyword' => 'Injection technique', 'newKeyword' => '', 'synonyms' => '', 'fao' => '', 'total' => '59', 'first' => 'I', 'keytotal' => 'Injection technique**59', 'CitationsKeyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 2 => array( 'id' => '0384', 'type' => 'Manifold process', 'keyword' => 'Resampling', 'newKeyword' => '', 'synonyms' => '', 'fao' => '', 'total' => '2', 'first' => 'R', 'keytotal' => 'Resampling**2', 'CitationsKeyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 3 => array( 'id' => '0268', 'type' => 'Feature', 'keyword' => 'Miniaturization', 'newKeyword' => '', 'synonyms' => '', 'fao' => '', 'total' => '39', 'first' => 'M', 'keytotal' => 'Miniaturization**39', 'CitationsKeyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ) ) ) $i = (int) 8 $path = '' $a = '' $url = 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00216-005-3346-6' $aus = 'S. B&uuml;ttgenbach, R. Wilke'include - APP/View/Elements/citation.ctp, line 40 View::_evaluate() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 971 View::_render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 933 View::_renderElement() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 1224 View::element() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 418 include - APP/View/Techniques/view.ctp, line 52 View::_evaluate() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 971 View::_render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 933 View::render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 473 Controller::render() - CORE/Cake/Controller/Controller.php, line 968 Dispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/Cake/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 200 Dispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/Cake/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 167 [main] - APP/webroot/index.php, line 109
Abstract:
A microchip-based capillary electrophoresis device supported by a microfluidic network made of poly(dimethylsiloxane), used for measuring target analytes from a continuous sample flow, is presented. The microsystem was fabricated by means of replica molding in combination with standard microfabrication technologies, resulting in microfluidic components and an electrochemical detector. A new hydrodynamic sample injection procedure is introduced, and the maximum number of consecutive measurements that can be made with a poly(dimethylsiloxane) capillary electrophoresis chip with amperometric detection is investigated with respect to reproducibility. The device features a high degree of functional integration, so the benefits associated with miniaturized analysis systems apply to it.
Microfluidic
Injection technique
Resampling
Miniaturization