Contact Info
Stuart Chalk, Ph.D.
Department of Chemistry
University of North Florida
Phone: 1-904-620-1938
Fax: 1-904-620-3535
Email: schalk@unf.edu
Website: @unf
Electrode
Citations 6
"Sensor For Amperometric Determination Of Ammonia And Ammonia-forming Enzyme Reactions"
Anal. Chim. Acta
2000 Volume 403, Issue 1-2 Pages 11-23
Notice (8): Undefined variable: uid [APP/View/Elements/citation.ctp, line 40]B. Strehlitz, B. Gründig and H. 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Kopinke', 'title' => 'Sensor for amperometric determination of ammonia and ammonia-forming enzyme reactions', 'journal' => 'Anal. Chim. Acta', 'journal_id' => '0584', 'fadid' => 'ANCA2000V0403P00011', 'year' => '2000', 'volume' => '403', 'issue' => '1-2', 'startpage' => '11', 'endpage' => '23', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0202;2470;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0001;0146;0544;0209;0426;', 'keywords' => ';0217;0043;', 'abstract' => 'The amperometric ammonia determination by use of a polyaniline-modified screen printed Pt-C electrode at 0.3 V (versus Ag/AgCl on the strip) is shown. The electrochemical pulse polarization method is used for the modification. The effects of basic electrode material, applied potential, pH of buffer solution and possible interferences of other ions were studied. The polyaniline-modified Pt-C electrode measures (NH4)(2)SO4 with a detection limit of 5 µM, a linear range up to 1 mM and a sensitivity of 40±20 µA cm-2 mM-1. A new generation of enzyme sensors arises from the immobilization of ammonia-forming enzymes in a poly(carbamoyl)sulphonate hydrogel matrix on the working electrode as it is shown for urease to detect urea.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '2002-03-30 13:00:00', 'hits' => '6', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 16:32:41', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'Strehlitz, B.', 'address' => 'UFZ Centre for Environmental Research Leipzig-Halle, Centre for Environmental Biotechnology, UbZ, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany', 'email' => 'strehl@san.ufz.de', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1016/S0003-2670(99)00594-2', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Sensor for amperometric determination of ammonia and ammonia-forming enzyme reactions', Anal. Chim. Acta, 2000 403(1-2) 11-23', 'firstchar' => 'S', 'twochars' => 'Se', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( 'id' => '000386', 'citation_id' => '002507', 'technique_id' => '0146' ), 'Analyte' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 1 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), 'Matrix' => array(), 'Keyword' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 1 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ) ), 'i' => (int) 0 ) $data = array( 'Technique' => array( 'id' => '0146', 'label' => 'Electrode', 'level1' => 'Electrode', 'level2' => 'membrane', 'level3' => 'polyaniline', 'level4' => '', 'level5' => '', 'synonyms' => '', 'champ' => '', 'total' => '6', 'updated' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'name' => 'Electrode, membrane, polyaniline', 'nametotal' => 'Electrode, membrane, polyaniline**6', 'first' => 'E' ), 'Citation' => array( (int) 0 => array( 'id' => '002507', 'authors' => 'Strehlitz, B.;Grundig, B.;Kopinke, H.', 'authorsweb' => 'B. Strehlitz, B. Gründig and H. Kopinke', 'title' => 'Sensor for amperometric determination of ammonia and ammonia-forming enzyme reactions', 'journal' => 'Anal. Chim. Acta', 'journal_id' => '0584', 'fadid' => 'ANCA2000V0403P00011', 'year' => '2000', 'volume' => '403', 'issue' => '1-2', 'startpage' => '11', 'endpage' => '23', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0202;2470;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0001;0146;0544;0209;0426;', 'keywords' => ';0217;0043;', 'abstract' => 'The amperometric ammonia determination by use of a polyaniline-modified screen printed Pt-C electrode at 0.3 V (versus Ag/AgCl on the strip) is shown. The electrochemical pulse polarization method is used for the modification. The effects of basic electrode material, applied potential, pH of buffer solution and possible interferences of other ions were studied. The polyaniline-modified Pt-C electrode measures (NH4)(2)SO4 with a detection limit of 5 µM, a linear range up to 1 mM and a sensitivity of 40±20 µA cm-2 mM-1. A new generation of enzyme sensors arises from the immobilization of ammonia-forming enzymes in a poly(carbamoyl)sulphonate hydrogel matrix on the working electrode as it is shown for urease to detect urea.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '2002-03-30 13:00:00', 'hits' => '6', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 16:32:41', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'Strehlitz, B.', 'address' => 'UFZ Centre for Environmental Research Leipzig-Halle, Centre for Environmental Biotechnology, UbZ, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany', 'email' => 'strehl@san.ufz.de', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1016/S0003-2670(99)00594-2', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Sensor for amperometric determination of ammonia and ammonia-forming enzyme reactions', Anal. Chim. Acta, 2000 403(1-2) 11-23', 'firstchar' => 'S', 'twochars' => 'Se', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 1 => array( 'id' => '006329', 'authors' => 'Kubiak, W.W.;Wang, J.', 'authorsweb' => 'Wladyslaw W. Kubiak*, and Joseph Wang', 'title' => 'Flow injection analysis as a tool for studying polymer modified electrodes', 'journal' => 'Anal. Chim. Acta', 'journal_id' => '0584', 'fadid' => 'ANCA1996V0329P00181', 'year' => '1996', 'volume' => '329', 'issue' => '1', 'startpage' => '181', 'endpage' => '189', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => '', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0001;0131;0136;0146;0150;0155;0230;', 'keywords' => ';0110;', 'abstract' => 'A FIA system was described for studying the permeation, selectivity and dynamic properties of polymer films deposited on a glassy C disc electrode. The FIA system was equipped with a 500 µL injection loop and a thin-layer amperometric detector fitted with two glassy C electrodes (3 mm diameter), a Ag/AgCl (3 M NaCl) reference electrode and a steel auxiliary electrode. One of the glassy C electrodes was coated a polymer film, e.g., cellulose acetate, Nafion, polypyrrole, polyaniline or polyvinylpyridine. Several different test substances were injected into a 0.1 M phosphate buffer carrier stream of pH 7.4 and the responses obtained from the coated and uncoated working electrodes were compared. The advantages of the flow injection manifold are discussed; equations are derived to support the discussion.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '4', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 16:20:48', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '01086', 'pauthor' => '!Kubiak, W.W.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1016/0003-2670(96)00104-3', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Flow injection analysis as a tool for studying polymer modified electrodes', Anal. Chim. Acta, 1996 329(1) 181-189', 'firstchar' => 'F', 'twochars' => 'Fl', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 2 => array( 'id' => '006372', 'authors' => 'Casella, I.G.;Cataldi, T.R.I.;Guerrieri, A.;Desimoni, E.', 'authorsweb' => 'Innocenzo G. Casellaa,*, Tommaso R. I. Cataldia, Antonio Guerrieria and Elio Desimonib', 'title' => 'Copper dispersed into polyaniline films as an amperometric sensor in alkaline solutions of amino-acids and polyhydric compounds', 'journal' => 'Anal. Chim. Acta', 'journal_id' => '0584', 'fadid' => 'ANCA1996V0335P00217', 'year' => '1996', 'volume' => '335', 'issue' => '3', 'startpage' => '217', 'endpage' => '225', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0160;0508;2518;2184;1056;1057;1349;2215;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0080;0146;0001;0226;0272;0426;', 'keywords' => ';0244;', 'abstract' => 'A vitreous C electrode (0.125 cm2 area) was coated with a polyaniline (PANI) film by galvanostatic polymerization from a solution containing 85 mM aniline in 0.1 M H2SO4 by cycling the potential between -0.1 and 1.1 V (vs. SCE) for five cycles at 50 mV/s. The coated electrode was immersed in 50 mM CuCl2 in 0.1 M H2SO4 for 5 min and then a potential of -0.3 V was applied for 3 min. The Cu-PANI sensor was evaluated for determining amino-acids and polyhydric compounds. Molar response factors for carbohydrates and amino-acids were measured using a FIA system and 0.1 M NaOH as the carrier stream (1 ml/min). A potential of 0.55 V vs. Ag/AgCl was applied to the sensor. A Carbopac PA 1 anion-exchange column (25 cm x 4 mm i.d.) was coupled to the FIA system to analyze carbohydrates and amino-acids. Xylitol, sorbitol, glucosamine, glucose, lactose and sucrose were separated using 0.15 M NaOH as the mobile phase (0.6 ml/min) and the detection limits were 2-6 pmol. Alanine, glycine, lysine methionine and glutamine were separated with 0.1 M NaOH as the mobile phase (0.5 ml/min) and the detection limits were 5-15 pmol. The linear dynamic range was three-four orders of magnitude above the detection limits. The electrode was stable for >=3 h in flowing streams.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '12', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 16:21:55', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00074', 'pauthor' => '!Casella, I.G.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1016/S0003-2670(96)00351-0', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Copper dispersed into polyaniline films as an amperometric sensor in alkaline solutions of amino-acids and polyhydric compounds', Anal. Chim. Acta, 1996 335(3) 217-225', 'firstchar' => 'C', 'twochars' => 'Co', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 3 => array( 'id' => '008517', 'authors' => 'Ye, J.N.;Baldwin, R.P.', 'authorsweb' => 'Jiannong Ye and Richard P. Baldwin', 'title' => 'Flow injection analysis of electroinactive anions at a polyaniline electrode', 'journal' => 'Anal. Chem.', 'journal_id' => '0499', 'fadid' => 'ANCH1988V0060P01979', 'year' => '1988', 'volume' => '60', 'issue' => '18', 'startpage' => '1979', 'endpage' => '1982', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0246;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0146;0192;0519;', 'keywords' => ';0212;0217;', 'abstract' => 'The electrode was prepared by immersing a polished Pt electrode in stirred 1.0 M H2SO4 containing 0.1 M aniline and scanning three complete cycles between -0.2 and +1.1 V vs. a Ag - AgCl reference electrode at 20 mV s-1. Cyclic voltammetry (details given) in 0.2 M Na acetate buffer (pH 6.0) containing 0.1 M ClO4- or flow injection analysis of the same medium or one containing 0.2 M glycine, with detection at 0.2 or 0.5 V, respectively, gave best results for NO3-, Cl-, SO42-, Br-, NO2- and ClO4-, e.g., the calibration graph for flow injection analysis of NO3- was rectilinear over three orders of magnitude, and the detection limit was ~0.1 ppm with use of the glycine mobile phase.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '1', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 18:35:15', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00855', 'pauthor' => '!Baldwin, R.P.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1021/ac00169a030', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Flow injection analysis of electroinactive anions at a polyaniline electrode', Anal. Chem., 1988 60(18) 1979-1982', 'firstchar' => 'F', 'twochars' => 'Fl', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 4 => array( 'id' => '009962', 'authors' => 'Trojanowicz, M.A.;Krawczynski Vel Krawczyk, T.;Zmorzyska, M.;Campanella, L.', 'authorsweb' => 'Marek Trojanowicz *, Tadeusz Krawczyski vel Krawczyk, Magorzata Zmorzyska, Luigi Campanella ', 'title' => 'Amperometric sensing of ammonia in aqueous solutions using a polyaniline-modified electrode in flow injection systems', 'journal' => 'Electroanalysis', 'journal_id' => '1003', 'fadid' => 'ELAN1997V0009P01062', 'year' => '1997', 'volume' => '9', 'issue' => '14', 'startpage' => '1062', 'endpage' => '1066', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0202;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0001;0146;0431;', 'keywords' => '', 'abstract' => 'Platinum electrode modified with polyaniline by electropolymerization exhibits amperometric sensitivity to nonprotonated ammonia in aqueous solutions in the anodic range of potentials. Sensitivity of response depends mostly on the kind of doping anions used and the polarization potential applied during measurements. This detection can be utilized for design of amperometric biosensors for urea.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '14', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 14:12:10', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00320', 'pauthor' => '!Trojanowicz, M.A.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1002/elan.1140091406', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Amperometric sensing of ammonia in aqueous solutions using a polyaniline-modified electrode in flow injection systems', Electroanalysis, 1997 9(14) 1062-1066', 'firstchar' => 'A', 'twochars' => 'Am', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array([maximum depth reached]) ), (int) 5 => array( 'id' => '013296', 'authors' => 'Bartlett, P.N.;Birkin, P.R.;Palmisano, F.;De Benedetto, G.E.', 'authorsweb' => 'Philip N. Bartlett, Peter R. Birkin, Francesco Palmisano and Giuseppe De Benedetto', 'title' => 'A study on the direct electrochemical communication between horseradish-peroxidase and a poly(aniline) modified electrode', 'journal' => 'J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans.', 'journal_id' => '1272', 'fadid' => 'JCSF1996V0092P03123', 'year' => '1996', 'volume' => '92', 'issue' => '17', 'startpage' => '3123', 'endpage' => '3130', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => '', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0054;0092;0112;0146;', 'keywords' => ';0147;', 'abstract' => 'Electrochemical communication between the redox active centre of the enzyme horseradish peroxidase (E.C.1.11.1.7), HRP, and the conducting polymer, poly(aniline), is shown to be possible and efficient:at pH 5. The interaction between HRP and the poly(aniline) film was studied employing flow injection analysis. Tbe:modified electrodes employed consisted of two carbon band electrodes (ca. 10 µm wide, 4.5 mm long:separated by a 20 µm gap) coated with an anodically grown:film of poly(aniline). HRP was deposited on top of the poly(aniline) film in one of two ways. In the first HRP was immobilized onto the poly(aniline) film in an insulating poly(1,2-diaminobenzene) polymer grown electrochemically on top of the poly(aniline) film. In the second, HRP was absorbed on to the surface of a poly(aniline) modified electrode. The effect of the potential of the poly(aniline) film and 'phenazine' concentration within the film on the efficiency of interaction between the redox centre of HRP and the conducting polymer film are reported.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'No', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '7', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 09:36:56', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'Bartlett, P.N.', 'address' => 'Department of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton, Hants SO17 1BJ England', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1039/ft9969203123', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''A study on the direct electrochemical communication between horseradish-peroxidase and a poly(aniline) modified electrode', J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans., 1996 92(17) 3123-3130', 'firstchar' => 'A', 'twochars' => 'A ', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ) ) ) $c = array( 'id' => '002507', 'authors' => 'Strehlitz, B.;Grundig, B.;Kopinke, H.', 'authorsweb' => 'B. Strehlitz, B. Gründig and H. Kopinke', 'title' => 'Sensor for amperometric determination of ammonia and ammonia-forming enzyme reactions', 'journal' => 'Anal. Chim. 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Strehlitz, B. Gr&uuml;ndig and H. Kopinke'include - APP/View/Elements/citation.ctp, line 40 View::_evaluate() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 971 View::_render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 933 View::_renderElement() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 1224 View::element() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 418 include - APP/View/Techniques/view.ctp, line 52 View::_evaluate() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 971 View::_render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 933 View::render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 473 Controller::render() - CORE/Cake/Controller/Controller.php, line 968 Dispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/Cake/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 200 Dispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/Cake/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 167 [main] - APP/webroot/index.php, line 109
Abstract:
The amperometric ammonia determination by use of a polyaniline-modified screen printed Pt-C electrode at 0.3 V (versus Ag/AgCl on the strip) is shown. The electrochemical pulse polarization method is used for the modification. The effects of basic electrode material, applied potential, pH of buffer solution and possible interferences of other ions were studied. The polyaniline-modified Pt-C electrode measures (NH4)(2)SO4 with a detection limit of 5 µM, a linear range up to 1 mM and a sensitivity of 40±20 µA cm-2 mM-1. A new generation of enzyme sensors arises from the immobilization of ammonia-forming enzymes in a poly(carbamoyl)sulphonate hydrogel matrix on the working electrode as it is shown for urease to detect urea.
Ammonia
Enzyme, urease
Interferences
Apparatus
"Flow Injection Analysis As A Tool For Studying Polymer Modified Electrodes"
Anal. Chim. Acta
1996 Volume 329, Issue 1 Pages 181-189
Notice (8): Undefined variable: uid [APP/View/Elements/citation.ctp, line 40]Wladyslaw W. Kubiak*, and Joseph WangCode Context?><?phpif($uid!='') {$viewFile = '/home/stuchalk/public_html/fad/app/View/Elements/citation.ctp' $dataForView = array( 'data' => array( 'Technique' => array( 'id' => '0146', 'label' => 'Electrode', 'level1' => 'Electrode', 'level2' => 'membrane', 'level3' => 'polyaniline', 'level4' => '', 'level5' => '', 'synonyms' => '', 'champ' => '', 'total' => '6', 'updated' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'name' => 'Electrode, membrane, polyaniline', 'nametotal' => 'Electrode, membrane, polyaniline**6', 'first' => 'E' ), 'Citation' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 1 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 2 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 3 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 4 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 5 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ) ), 'c' => array( 'id' => '006329', 'authors' => 'Kubiak, W.W.;Wang, J.', 'authorsweb' => 'Wladyslaw W. Kubiak*, and Joseph Wang', 'title' => 'Flow injection analysis as a tool for studying polymer modified electrodes', 'journal' => 'Anal. Chim. Acta', 'journal_id' => '0584', 'fadid' => 'ANCA1996V0329P00181', 'year' => '1996', 'volume' => '329', 'issue' => '1', 'startpage' => '181', 'endpage' => '189', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => '', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0001;0131;0136;0146;0150;0155;0230;', 'keywords' => ';0110;', 'abstract' => 'A FIA system was described for studying the permeation, selectivity and dynamic properties of polymer films deposited on a glassy C disc electrode. The FIA system was equipped with a 500 µL injection loop and a thin-layer amperometric detector fitted with two glassy C electrodes (3 mm diameter), a Ag/AgCl (3 M NaCl) reference electrode and a steel auxiliary electrode. One of the glassy C electrodes was coated a polymer film, e.g., cellulose acetate, Nafion, polypyrrole, polyaniline or polyvinylpyridine. Several different test substances were injected into a 0.1 M phosphate buffer carrier stream of pH 7.4 and the responses obtained from the coated and uncoated working electrodes were compared. The advantages of the flow injection manifold are discussed; equations are derived to support the discussion.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '4', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 16:20:48', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '01086', 'pauthor' => '!Kubiak, W.W.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1016/0003-2670(96)00104-3', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Flow injection analysis as a tool for studying polymer modified electrodes', Anal. Chim. Acta, 1996 329(1) 181-189', 'firstchar' => 'F', 'twochars' => 'Fl', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( 'id' => '003025', 'citation_id' => '006329', 'technique_id' => '0146' ), 'Analyte' => array(), 'Matrix' => array(), 'Keyword' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ) ), 'i' => (int) 1 ) $data = array( 'Technique' => array( 'id' => '0146', 'label' => 'Electrode', 'level1' => 'Electrode', 'level2' => 'membrane', 'level3' => 'polyaniline', 'level4' => '', 'level5' => '', 'synonyms' => '', 'champ' => '', 'total' => '6', 'updated' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'name' => 'Electrode, membrane, polyaniline', 'nametotal' => 'Electrode, membrane, polyaniline**6', 'first' => 'E' ), 'Citation' => array( (int) 0 => array( 'id' => '002507', 'authors' => 'Strehlitz, B.;Grundig, B.;Kopinke, H.', 'authorsweb' => 'B. Strehlitz, B. Gründig and H. Kopinke', 'title' => 'Sensor for amperometric determination of ammonia and ammonia-forming enzyme reactions', 'journal' => 'Anal. Chim. Acta', 'journal_id' => '0584', 'fadid' => 'ANCA2000V0403P00011', 'year' => '2000', 'volume' => '403', 'issue' => '1-2', 'startpage' => '11', 'endpage' => '23', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0202;2470;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0001;0146;0544;0209;0426;', 'keywords' => ';0217;0043;', 'abstract' => 'The amperometric ammonia determination by use of a polyaniline-modified screen printed Pt-C electrode at 0.3 V (versus Ag/AgCl on the strip) is shown. The electrochemical pulse polarization method is used for the modification. The effects of basic electrode material, applied potential, pH of buffer solution and possible interferences of other ions were studied. The polyaniline-modified Pt-C electrode measures (NH4)(2)SO4 with a detection limit of 5 µM, a linear range up to 1 mM and a sensitivity of 40±20 µA cm-2 mM-1. A new generation of enzyme sensors arises from the immobilization of ammonia-forming enzymes in a poly(carbamoyl)sulphonate hydrogel matrix on the working electrode as it is shown for urease to detect urea.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '2002-03-30 13:00:00', 'hits' => '6', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 16:32:41', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'Strehlitz, B.', 'address' => 'UFZ Centre for Environmental Research Leipzig-Halle, Centre for Environmental Biotechnology, UbZ, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany', 'email' => 'strehl@san.ufz.de', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1016/S0003-2670(99)00594-2', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Sensor for amperometric determination of ammonia and ammonia-forming enzyme reactions', Anal. Chim. Acta, 2000 403(1-2) 11-23', 'firstchar' => 'S', 'twochars' => 'Se', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 1 => array( 'id' => '006329', 'authors' => 'Kubiak, W.W.;Wang, J.', 'authorsweb' => 'Wladyslaw W. Kubiak*, and Joseph Wang', 'title' => 'Flow injection analysis as a tool for studying polymer modified electrodes', 'journal' => 'Anal. Chim. Acta', 'journal_id' => '0584', 'fadid' => 'ANCA1996V0329P00181', 'year' => '1996', 'volume' => '329', 'issue' => '1', 'startpage' => '181', 'endpage' => '189', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => '', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0001;0131;0136;0146;0150;0155;0230;', 'keywords' => ';0110;', 'abstract' => 'A FIA system was described for studying the permeation, selectivity and dynamic properties of polymer films deposited on a glassy C disc electrode. The FIA system was equipped with a 500 µL injection loop and a thin-layer amperometric detector fitted with two glassy C electrodes (3 mm diameter), a Ag/AgCl (3 M NaCl) reference electrode and a steel auxiliary electrode. One of the glassy C electrodes was coated a polymer film, e.g., cellulose acetate, Nafion, polypyrrole, polyaniline or polyvinylpyridine. Several different test substances were injected into a 0.1 M phosphate buffer carrier stream of pH 7.4 and the responses obtained from the coated and uncoated working electrodes were compared. The advantages of the flow injection manifold are discussed; equations are derived to support the discussion.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '4', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 16:20:48', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '01086', 'pauthor' => '!Kubiak, W.W.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1016/0003-2670(96)00104-3', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Flow injection analysis as a tool for studying polymer modified electrodes', Anal. Chim. Acta, 1996 329(1) 181-189', 'firstchar' => 'F', 'twochars' => 'Fl', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 2 => array( 'id' => '006372', 'authors' => 'Casella, I.G.;Cataldi, T.R.I.;Guerrieri, A.;Desimoni, E.', 'authorsweb' => 'Innocenzo G. Casellaa,*, Tommaso R. I. Cataldia, Antonio Guerrieria and Elio Desimonib', 'title' => 'Copper dispersed into polyaniline films as an amperometric sensor in alkaline solutions of amino-acids and polyhydric compounds', 'journal' => 'Anal. Chim. Acta', 'journal_id' => '0584', 'fadid' => 'ANCA1996V0335P00217', 'year' => '1996', 'volume' => '335', 'issue' => '3', 'startpage' => '217', 'endpage' => '225', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0160;0508;2518;2184;1056;1057;1349;2215;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0080;0146;0001;0226;0272;0426;', 'keywords' => ';0244;', 'abstract' => 'A vitreous C electrode (0.125 cm2 area) was coated with a polyaniline (PANI) film by galvanostatic polymerization from a solution containing 85 mM aniline in 0.1 M H2SO4 by cycling the potential between -0.1 and 1.1 V (vs. SCE) for five cycles at 50 mV/s. The coated electrode was immersed in 50 mM CuCl2 in 0.1 M H2SO4 for 5 min and then a potential of -0.3 V was applied for 3 min. The Cu-PANI sensor was evaluated for determining amino-acids and polyhydric compounds. Molar response factors for carbohydrates and amino-acids were measured using a FIA system and 0.1 M NaOH as the carrier stream (1 ml/min). A potential of 0.55 V vs. Ag/AgCl was applied to the sensor. A Carbopac PA 1 anion-exchange column (25 cm x 4 mm i.d.) was coupled to the FIA system to analyze carbohydrates and amino-acids. Xylitol, sorbitol, glucosamine, glucose, lactose and sucrose were separated using 0.15 M NaOH as the mobile phase (0.6 ml/min) and the detection limits were 2-6 pmol. Alanine, glycine, lysine methionine and glutamine were separated with 0.1 M NaOH as the mobile phase (0.5 ml/min) and the detection limits were 5-15 pmol. The linear dynamic range was three-four orders of magnitude above the detection limits. The electrode was stable for >=3 h in flowing streams.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '12', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 16:21:55', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00074', 'pauthor' => '!Casella, I.G.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1016/S0003-2670(96)00351-0', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Copper dispersed into polyaniline films as an amperometric sensor in alkaline solutions of amino-acids and polyhydric compounds', Anal. Chim. Acta, 1996 335(3) 217-225', 'firstchar' => 'C', 'twochars' => 'Co', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 3 => array( 'id' => '008517', 'authors' => 'Ye, J.N.;Baldwin, R.P.', 'authorsweb' => 'Jiannong Ye and Richard P. Baldwin', 'title' => 'Flow injection analysis of electroinactive anions at a polyaniline electrode', 'journal' => 'Anal. Chem.', 'journal_id' => '0499', 'fadid' => 'ANCH1988V0060P01979', 'year' => '1988', 'volume' => '60', 'issue' => '18', 'startpage' => '1979', 'endpage' => '1982', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0246;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0146;0192;0519;', 'keywords' => ';0212;0217;', 'abstract' => 'The electrode was prepared by immersing a polished Pt electrode in stirred 1.0 M H2SO4 containing 0.1 M aniline and scanning three complete cycles between -0.2 and +1.1 V vs. a Ag - AgCl reference electrode at 20 mV s-1. Cyclic voltammetry (details given) in 0.2 M Na acetate buffer (pH 6.0) containing 0.1 M ClO4- or flow injection analysis of the same medium or one containing 0.2 M glycine, with detection at 0.2 or 0.5 V, respectively, gave best results for NO3-, Cl-, SO42-, Br-, NO2- and ClO4-, e.g., the calibration graph for flow injection analysis of NO3- was rectilinear over three orders of magnitude, and the detection limit was ~0.1 ppm with use of the glycine mobile phase.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '1', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 18:35:15', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00855', 'pauthor' => '!Baldwin, R.P.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1021/ac00169a030', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Flow injection analysis of electroinactive anions at a polyaniline electrode', Anal. Chem., 1988 60(18) 1979-1982', 'firstchar' => 'F', 'twochars' => 'Fl', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 4 => array( 'id' => '009962', 'authors' => 'Trojanowicz, M.A.;Krawczynski Vel Krawczyk, T.;Zmorzyska, M.;Campanella, L.', 'authorsweb' => 'Marek Trojanowicz *, Tadeusz Krawczyski vel Krawczyk, Magorzata Zmorzyska, Luigi Campanella ', 'title' => 'Amperometric sensing of ammonia in aqueous solutions using a polyaniline-modified electrode in flow injection systems', 'journal' => 'Electroanalysis', 'journal_id' => '1003', 'fadid' => 'ELAN1997V0009P01062', 'year' => '1997', 'volume' => '9', 'issue' => '14', 'startpage' => '1062', 'endpage' => '1066', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0202;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0001;0146;0431;', 'keywords' => '', 'abstract' => 'Platinum electrode modified with polyaniline by electropolymerization exhibits amperometric sensitivity to nonprotonated ammonia in aqueous solutions in the anodic range of potentials. Sensitivity of response depends mostly on the kind of doping anions used and the polarization potential applied during measurements. This detection can be utilized for design of amperometric biosensors for urea.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '14', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 14:12:10', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00320', 'pauthor' => '!Trojanowicz, M.A.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1002/elan.1140091406', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Amperometric sensing of ammonia in aqueous solutions using a polyaniline-modified electrode in flow injection systems', Electroanalysis, 1997 9(14) 1062-1066', 'firstchar' => 'A', 'twochars' => 'Am', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array([maximum depth reached]) ), (int) 5 => array( 'id' => '013296', 'authors' => 'Bartlett, P.N.;Birkin, P.R.;Palmisano, F.;De Benedetto, G.E.', 'authorsweb' => 'Philip N. Bartlett, Peter R. Birkin, Francesco Palmisano and Giuseppe De Benedetto', 'title' => 'A study on the direct electrochemical communication between horseradish-peroxidase and a poly(aniline) modified electrode', 'journal' => 'J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans.', 'journal_id' => '1272', 'fadid' => 'JCSF1996V0092P03123', 'year' => '1996', 'volume' => '92', 'issue' => '17', 'startpage' => '3123', 'endpage' => '3130', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => '', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0054;0092;0112;0146;', 'keywords' => ';0147;', 'abstract' => 'Electrochemical communication between the redox active centre of the enzyme horseradish peroxidase (E.C.1.11.1.7), HRP, and the conducting polymer, poly(aniline), is shown to be possible and efficient:at pH 5. The interaction between HRP and the poly(aniline) film was studied employing flow injection analysis. Tbe:modified electrodes employed consisted of two carbon band electrodes (ca. 10 µm wide, 4.5 mm long:separated by a 20 µm gap) coated with an anodically grown:film of poly(aniline). HRP was deposited on top of the poly(aniline) film in one of two ways. In the first HRP was immobilized onto the poly(aniline) film in an insulating poly(1,2-diaminobenzene) polymer grown electrochemically on top of the poly(aniline) film. In the second, HRP was absorbed on to the surface of a poly(aniline) modified electrode. The effect of the potential of the poly(aniline) film and 'phenazine' concentration within the film on the efficiency of interaction between the redox centre of HRP and the conducting polymer film are reported.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'No', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '7', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 09:36:56', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'Bartlett, P.N.', 'address' => 'Department of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton, Hants SO17 1BJ England', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1039/ft9969203123', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''A study on the direct electrochemical communication between horseradish-peroxidase and a poly(aniline) modified electrode', J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans., 1996 92(17) 3123-3130', 'firstchar' => 'A', 'twochars' => 'A ', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ) ) ) $c = array( 'id' => '006329', 'authors' => 'Kubiak, W.W.;Wang, J.', 'authorsweb' => 'Wladyslaw W. Kubiak*, and Joseph Wang', 'title' => 'Flow injection analysis as a tool for studying polymer modified electrodes', 'journal' => 'Anal. Chim. Acta', 'journal_id' => '0584', 'fadid' => 'ANCA1996V0329P00181', 'year' => '1996', 'volume' => '329', 'issue' => '1', 'startpage' => '181', 'endpage' => '189', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => '', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0001;0131;0136;0146;0150;0155;0230;', 'keywords' => ';0110;', 'abstract' => 'A FIA system was described for studying the permeation, selectivity and dynamic properties of polymer films deposited on a glassy C disc electrode. The FIA system was equipped with a 500 µL injection loop and a thin-layer amperometric detector fitted with two glassy C electrodes (3 mm diameter), a Ag/AgCl (3 M NaCl) reference electrode and a steel auxiliary electrode. One of the glassy C electrodes was coated a polymer film, e.g., cellulose acetate, Nafion, polypyrrole, polyaniline or polyvinylpyridine. Several different test substances were injected into a 0.1 M phosphate buffer carrier stream of pH 7.4 and the responses obtained from the coated and uncoated working electrodes were compared. The advantages of the flow injection manifold are discussed; equations are derived to support the discussion.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '4', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 16:20:48', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '01086', 'pauthor' => '!Kubiak, W.W.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1016/0003-2670(96)00104-3', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Flow injection analysis as a tool for studying polymer modified electrodes', Anal. Chim. 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Abstract:
A FIA system was described for studying the permeation, selectivity and dynamic properties of polymer films deposited on a glassy C disc electrode. The FIA system was equipped with a 500 µL injection loop and a thin-layer amperometric detector fitted with two glassy C electrodes (3 mm diameter), a Ag/AgCl (3 M NaCl) reference electrode and a steel auxiliary electrode. One of the glassy C electrodes was coated a polymer film, e.g., cellulose acetate, Nafion, polypyrrole, polyaniline or polyvinylpyridine. Several different test substances were injected into a 0.1 M phosphate buffer carrier stream of pH 7.4 and the responses obtained from the coated and uncoated working electrodes were compared. The advantages of the flow injection manifold are discussed; equations are derived to support the discussion.
Detector
"Copper Dispersed Into Polyaniline Films As An Amperometric Sensor In Alkaline Solutions Of Amino-acids And Polyhydric Compounds"
Anal. Chim. Acta
1996 Volume 335, Issue 3 Pages 217-225
Notice (8): Undefined variable: uid [APP/View/Elements/citation.ctp, line 40]Innocenzo G. Casellaa,*, Tommaso R. I. Cataldia, Antonio Guerrieria and Elio DesimonibCode Context?><?phpif($uid!='') {$viewFile = '/home/stuchalk/public_html/fad/app/View/Elements/citation.ctp' $dataForView = array( 'data' => array( 'Technique' => array( 'id' => '0146', 'label' => 'Electrode', 'level1' => 'Electrode', 'level2' => 'membrane', 'level3' => 'polyaniline', 'level4' => '', 'level5' => '', 'synonyms' => '', 'champ' => '', 'total' => '6', 'updated' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'name' => 'Electrode, membrane, polyaniline', 'nametotal' => 'Electrode, membrane, polyaniline**6', 'first' => 'E' ), 'Citation' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 1 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 2 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 3 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 4 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 5 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ) ), 'c' => array( 'id' => '006372', 'authors' => 'Casella, I.G.;Cataldi, T.R.I.;Guerrieri, A.;Desimoni, E.', 'authorsweb' => 'Innocenzo G. Casellaa,*, Tommaso R. I. Cataldia, Antonio Guerrieria and Elio Desimonib', 'title' => 'Copper dispersed into polyaniline films as an amperometric sensor in alkaline solutions of amino-acids and polyhydric compounds', 'journal' => 'Anal. Chim. Acta', 'journal_id' => '0584', 'fadid' => 'ANCA1996V0335P00217', 'year' => '1996', 'volume' => '335', 'issue' => '3', 'startpage' => '217', 'endpage' => '225', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0160;0508;2518;2184;1056;1057;1349;2215;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0080;0146;0001;0226;0272;0426;', 'keywords' => ';0244;', 'abstract' => 'A vitreous C electrode (0.125 cm2 area) was coated with a polyaniline (PANI) film by galvanostatic polymerization from a solution containing 85 mM aniline in 0.1 M H2SO4 by cycling the potential between -0.1 and 1.1 V (vs. SCE) for five cycles at 50 mV/s. The coated electrode was immersed in 50 mM CuCl2 in 0.1 M H2SO4 for 5 min and then a potential of -0.3 V was applied for 3 min. The Cu-PANI sensor was evaluated for determining amino-acids and polyhydric compounds. Molar response factors for carbohydrates and amino-acids were measured using a FIA system and 0.1 M NaOH as the carrier stream (1 ml/min). A potential of 0.55 V vs. Ag/AgCl was applied to the sensor. A Carbopac PA 1 anion-exchange column (25 cm x 4 mm i.d.) was coupled to the FIA system to analyze carbohydrates and amino-acids. Xylitol, sorbitol, glucosamine, glucose, lactose and sucrose were separated using 0.15 M NaOH as the mobile phase (0.6 ml/min) and the detection limits were 2-6 pmol. Alanine, glycine, lysine methionine and glutamine were separated with 0.1 M NaOH as the mobile phase (0.5 ml/min) and the detection limits were 5-15 pmol. The linear dynamic range was three-four orders of magnitude above the detection limits. The electrode was stable for >=3 h in flowing streams.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '12', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 16:21:55', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00074', 'pauthor' => '!Casella, I.G.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1016/S0003-2670(96)00351-0', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Copper dispersed into polyaniline films as an amperometric sensor in alkaline solutions of amino-acids and polyhydric compounds', Anal. Chim. Acta, 1996 335(3) 217-225', 'firstchar' => 'C', 'twochars' => 'Co', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( 'id' => '003096', 'citation_id' => '006372', 'technique_id' => '0146' ), 'Analyte' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 1 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 2 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 3 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 4 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 5 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 6 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 7 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), 'Matrix' => array(), 'Keyword' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ) ), 'i' => (int) 2 ) $data = array( 'Technique' => array( 'id' => '0146', 'label' => 'Electrode', 'level1' => 'Electrode', 'level2' => 'membrane', 'level3' => 'polyaniline', 'level4' => '', 'level5' => '', 'synonyms' => '', 'champ' => '', 'total' => '6', 'updated' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'name' => 'Electrode, membrane, polyaniline', 'nametotal' => 'Electrode, membrane, polyaniline**6', 'first' => 'E' ), 'Citation' => array( (int) 0 => array( 'id' => '002507', 'authors' => 'Strehlitz, B.;Grundig, B.;Kopinke, H.', 'authorsweb' => 'B. Strehlitz, B. Gründig and H. Kopinke', 'title' => 'Sensor for amperometric determination of ammonia and ammonia-forming enzyme reactions', 'journal' => 'Anal. Chim. Acta', 'journal_id' => '0584', 'fadid' => 'ANCA2000V0403P00011', 'year' => '2000', 'volume' => '403', 'issue' => '1-2', 'startpage' => '11', 'endpage' => '23', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0202;2470;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0001;0146;0544;0209;0426;', 'keywords' => ';0217;0043;', 'abstract' => 'The amperometric ammonia determination by use of a polyaniline-modified screen printed Pt-C electrode at 0.3 V (versus Ag/AgCl on the strip) is shown. The electrochemical pulse polarization method is used for the modification. The effects of basic electrode material, applied potential, pH of buffer solution and possible interferences of other ions were studied. The polyaniline-modified Pt-C electrode measures (NH4)(2)SO4 with a detection limit of 5 µM, a linear range up to 1 mM and a sensitivity of 40±20 µA cm-2 mM-1. A new generation of enzyme sensors arises from the immobilization of ammonia-forming enzymes in a poly(carbamoyl)sulphonate hydrogel matrix on the working electrode as it is shown for urease to detect urea.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '2002-03-30 13:00:00', 'hits' => '6', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 16:32:41', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'Strehlitz, B.', 'address' => 'UFZ Centre for Environmental Research Leipzig-Halle, Centre for Environmental Biotechnology, UbZ, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany', 'email' => 'strehl@san.ufz.de', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1016/S0003-2670(99)00594-2', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Sensor for amperometric determination of ammonia and ammonia-forming enzyme reactions', Anal. Chim. Acta, 2000 403(1-2) 11-23', 'firstchar' => 'S', 'twochars' => 'Se', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 1 => array( 'id' => '006329', 'authors' => 'Kubiak, W.W.;Wang, J.', 'authorsweb' => 'Wladyslaw W. Kubiak*, and Joseph Wang', 'title' => 'Flow injection analysis as a tool for studying polymer modified electrodes', 'journal' => 'Anal. Chim. Acta', 'journal_id' => '0584', 'fadid' => 'ANCA1996V0329P00181', 'year' => '1996', 'volume' => '329', 'issue' => '1', 'startpage' => '181', 'endpage' => '189', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => '', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0001;0131;0136;0146;0150;0155;0230;', 'keywords' => ';0110;', 'abstract' => 'A FIA system was described for studying the permeation, selectivity and dynamic properties of polymer films deposited on a glassy C disc electrode. The FIA system was equipped with a 500 µL injection loop and a thin-layer amperometric detector fitted with two glassy C electrodes (3 mm diameter), a Ag/AgCl (3 M NaCl) reference electrode and a steel auxiliary electrode. One of the glassy C electrodes was coated a polymer film, e.g., cellulose acetate, Nafion, polypyrrole, polyaniline or polyvinylpyridine. Several different test substances were injected into a 0.1 M phosphate buffer carrier stream of pH 7.4 and the responses obtained from the coated and uncoated working electrodes were compared. The advantages of the flow injection manifold are discussed; equations are derived to support the discussion.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '4', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 16:20:48', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '01086', 'pauthor' => '!Kubiak, W.W.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1016/0003-2670(96)00104-3', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Flow injection analysis as a tool for studying polymer modified electrodes', Anal. Chim. Acta, 1996 329(1) 181-189', 'firstchar' => 'F', 'twochars' => 'Fl', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 2 => array( 'id' => '006372', 'authors' => 'Casella, I.G.;Cataldi, T.R.I.;Guerrieri, A.;Desimoni, E.', 'authorsweb' => 'Innocenzo G. Casellaa,*, Tommaso R. I. Cataldia, Antonio Guerrieria and Elio Desimonib', 'title' => 'Copper dispersed into polyaniline films as an amperometric sensor in alkaline solutions of amino-acids and polyhydric compounds', 'journal' => 'Anal. Chim. Acta', 'journal_id' => '0584', 'fadid' => 'ANCA1996V0335P00217', 'year' => '1996', 'volume' => '335', 'issue' => '3', 'startpage' => '217', 'endpage' => '225', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0160;0508;2518;2184;1056;1057;1349;2215;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0080;0146;0001;0226;0272;0426;', 'keywords' => ';0244;', 'abstract' => 'A vitreous C electrode (0.125 cm2 area) was coated with a polyaniline (PANI) film by galvanostatic polymerization from a solution containing 85 mM aniline in 0.1 M H2SO4 by cycling the potential between -0.1 and 1.1 V (vs. SCE) for five cycles at 50 mV/s. The coated electrode was immersed in 50 mM CuCl2 in 0.1 M H2SO4 for 5 min and then a potential of -0.3 V was applied for 3 min. The Cu-PANI sensor was evaluated for determining amino-acids and polyhydric compounds. Molar response factors for carbohydrates and amino-acids were measured using a FIA system and 0.1 M NaOH as the carrier stream (1 ml/min). A potential of 0.55 V vs. Ag/AgCl was applied to the sensor. A Carbopac PA 1 anion-exchange column (25 cm x 4 mm i.d.) was coupled to the FIA system to analyze carbohydrates and amino-acids. Xylitol, sorbitol, glucosamine, glucose, lactose and sucrose were separated using 0.15 M NaOH as the mobile phase (0.6 ml/min) and the detection limits were 2-6 pmol. Alanine, glycine, lysine methionine and glutamine were separated with 0.1 M NaOH as the mobile phase (0.5 ml/min) and the detection limits were 5-15 pmol. The linear dynamic range was three-four orders of magnitude above the detection limits. The electrode was stable for >=3 h in flowing streams.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '12', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 16:21:55', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00074', 'pauthor' => '!Casella, I.G.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1016/S0003-2670(96)00351-0', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Copper dispersed into polyaniline films as an amperometric sensor in alkaline solutions of amino-acids and polyhydric compounds', Anal. Chim. Acta, 1996 335(3) 217-225', 'firstchar' => 'C', 'twochars' => 'Co', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 3 => array( 'id' => '008517', 'authors' => 'Ye, J.N.;Baldwin, R.P.', 'authorsweb' => 'Jiannong Ye and Richard P. Baldwin', 'title' => 'Flow injection analysis of electroinactive anions at a polyaniline electrode', 'journal' => 'Anal. Chem.', 'journal_id' => '0499', 'fadid' => 'ANCH1988V0060P01979', 'year' => '1988', 'volume' => '60', 'issue' => '18', 'startpage' => '1979', 'endpage' => '1982', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0246;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0146;0192;0519;', 'keywords' => ';0212;0217;', 'abstract' => 'The electrode was prepared by immersing a polished Pt electrode in stirred 1.0 M H2SO4 containing 0.1 M aniline and scanning three complete cycles between -0.2 and +1.1 V vs. a Ag - AgCl reference electrode at 20 mV s-1. Cyclic voltammetry (details given) in 0.2 M Na acetate buffer (pH 6.0) containing 0.1 M ClO4- or flow injection analysis of the same medium or one containing 0.2 M glycine, with detection at 0.2 or 0.5 V, respectively, gave best results for NO3-, Cl-, SO42-, Br-, NO2- and ClO4-, e.g., the calibration graph for flow injection analysis of NO3- was rectilinear over three orders of magnitude, and the detection limit was ~0.1 ppm with use of the glycine mobile phase.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '1', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 18:35:15', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00855', 'pauthor' => '!Baldwin, R.P.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1021/ac00169a030', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Flow injection analysis of electroinactive anions at a polyaniline electrode', Anal. Chem., 1988 60(18) 1979-1982', 'firstchar' => 'F', 'twochars' => 'Fl', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 4 => array( 'id' => '009962', 'authors' => 'Trojanowicz, M.A.;Krawczynski Vel Krawczyk, T.;Zmorzyska, M.;Campanella, L.', 'authorsweb' => 'Marek Trojanowicz *, Tadeusz Krawczyski vel Krawczyk, Magorzata Zmorzyska, Luigi Campanella ', 'title' => 'Amperometric sensing of ammonia in aqueous solutions using a polyaniline-modified electrode in flow injection systems', 'journal' => 'Electroanalysis', 'journal_id' => '1003', 'fadid' => 'ELAN1997V0009P01062', 'year' => '1997', 'volume' => '9', 'issue' => '14', 'startpage' => '1062', 'endpage' => '1066', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0202;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0001;0146;0431;', 'keywords' => '', 'abstract' => 'Platinum electrode modified with polyaniline by electropolymerization exhibits amperometric sensitivity to nonprotonated ammonia in aqueous solutions in the anodic range of potentials. Sensitivity of response depends mostly on the kind of doping anions used and the polarization potential applied during measurements. This detection can be utilized for design of amperometric biosensors for urea.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '14', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 14:12:10', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00320', 'pauthor' => '!Trojanowicz, M.A.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1002/elan.1140091406', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Amperometric sensing of ammonia in aqueous solutions using a polyaniline-modified electrode in flow injection systems', Electroanalysis, 1997 9(14) 1062-1066', 'firstchar' => 'A', 'twochars' => 'Am', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array([maximum depth reached]) ), (int) 5 => array( 'id' => '013296', 'authors' => 'Bartlett, P.N.;Birkin, P.R.;Palmisano, F.;De Benedetto, G.E.', 'authorsweb' => 'Philip N. Bartlett, Peter R. Birkin, Francesco Palmisano and Giuseppe De Benedetto', 'title' => 'A study on the direct electrochemical communication between horseradish-peroxidase and a poly(aniline) modified electrode', 'journal' => 'J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans.', 'journal_id' => '1272', 'fadid' => 'JCSF1996V0092P03123', 'year' => '1996', 'volume' => '92', 'issue' => '17', 'startpage' => '3123', 'endpage' => '3130', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => '', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0054;0092;0112;0146;', 'keywords' => ';0147;', 'abstract' => 'Electrochemical communication between the redox active centre of the enzyme horseradish peroxidase (E.C.1.11.1.7), HRP, and the conducting polymer, poly(aniline), is shown to be possible and efficient:at pH 5. The interaction between HRP and the poly(aniline) film was studied employing flow injection analysis. Tbe:modified electrodes employed consisted of two carbon band electrodes (ca. 10 µm wide, 4.5 mm long:separated by a 20 µm gap) coated with an anodically grown:film of poly(aniline). HRP was deposited on top of the poly(aniline) film in one of two ways. In the first HRP was immobilized onto the poly(aniline) film in an insulating poly(1,2-diaminobenzene) polymer grown electrochemically on top of the poly(aniline) film. In the second, HRP was absorbed on to the surface of a poly(aniline) modified electrode. The effect of the potential of the poly(aniline) film and 'phenazine' concentration within the film on the efficiency of interaction between the redox centre of HRP and the conducting polymer film are reported.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'No', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '7', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 09:36:56', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'Bartlett, P.N.', 'address' => 'Department of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton, Hants SO17 1BJ England', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1039/ft9969203123', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''A study on the direct electrochemical communication between horseradish-peroxidase and a poly(aniline) modified electrode', J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans., 1996 92(17) 3123-3130', 'firstchar' => 'A', 'twochars' => 'A ', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ) ) ) $c = array( 'id' => '006372', 'authors' => 'Casella, I.G.;Cataldi, T.R.I.;Guerrieri, A.;Desimoni, E.', 'authorsweb' => 'Innocenzo G. Casellaa,*, Tommaso R. I. Cataldia, Antonio Guerrieria and Elio Desimonib', 'title' => 'Copper dispersed into polyaniline films as an amperometric sensor in alkaline solutions of amino-acids and polyhydric compounds', 'journal' => 'Anal. Chim. Acta', 'journal_id' => '0584', 'fadid' => 'ANCA1996V0335P00217', 'year' => '1996', 'volume' => '335', 'issue' => '3', 'startpage' => '217', 'endpage' => '225', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0160;0508;2518;2184;1056;1057;1349;2215;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0080;0146;0001;0226;0272;0426;', 'keywords' => ';0244;', 'abstract' => 'A vitreous C electrode (0.125 cm2 area) was coated with a polyaniline (PANI) film by galvanostatic polymerization from a solution containing 85 mM aniline in 0.1 M H2SO4 by cycling the potential between -0.1 and 1.1 V (vs. SCE) for five cycles at 50 mV/s. The coated electrode was immersed in 50 mM CuCl2 in 0.1 M H2SO4 for 5 min and then a potential of -0.3 V was applied for 3 min. The Cu-PANI sensor was evaluated for determining amino-acids and polyhydric compounds. Molar response factors for carbohydrates and amino-acids were measured using a FIA system and 0.1 M NaOH as the carrier stream (1 ml/min). A potential of 0.55 V vs. Ag/AgCl was applied to the sensor. A Carbopac PA 1 anion-exchange column (25 cm x 4 mm i.d.) was coupled to the FIA system to analyze carbohydrates and amino-acids. Xylitol, sorbitol, glucosamine, glucose, lactose and sucrose were separated using 0.15 M NaOH as the mobile phase (0.6 ml/min) and the detection limits were 2-6 pmol. Alanine, glycine, lysine methionine and glutamine were separated with 0.1 M NaOH as the mobile phase (0.5 ml/min) and the detection limits were 5-15 pmol. The linear dynamic range was three-four orders of magnitude above the detection limits. The electrode was stable for >=3 h in flowing streams.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '12', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 16:21:55', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00074', 'pauthor' => '!Casella, I.G.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1016/S0003-2670(96)00351-0', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Copper dispersed into polyaniline films as an amperometric sensor in alkaline solutions of amino-acids and polyhydric compounds', Anal. Chim. Acta, 1996 335(3) 217-225', 'firstchar' => 'C', 'twochars' => 'Co', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( 'id' => '003096', 'citation_id' => '006372', 'technique_id' => '0146' ), 'Analyte' => array( (int) 0 => array( 'id' => '00160', 'name' => 'Amino Acids', 'iupac_name' => '', 'casrn' => 'NA', 'synonyms' => 'alanine; arginine; asparagine; aspartic acid; cysteine; glutamine; glutamic acid; glycine; histidine; isoleucine; leucine; lysine; methionine; phenylalanine; proline; serine; threonine; tryptophan; tyrosin; valine', 'total' => '124', 'inchi' => '', 'inchikey' => '', 'formula' => '', 'oxstate' => null, 'url' => '', 'charge' => null, 'class1' => 'Biological', 'class2' => 'NA', 'class3' => 'NA', 'class4' => 'Molecule', 'class5' => 'Amino acids', 'isgroup' => 'yes', 'checked' => 'yes', 'citation_count' => '0', 'updated' => '2015-12-11 09:54:00', 'first' => 'A', 'nametotal' => 'Amino Acids**124', 'AnalytesCitation' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 1 => array( 'id' => '00508', 'name' => 'Carbohydrates', 'iupac_name' => '', 'casrn' => 'NA', 'synonyms' => 'NA', 'total' => '46', 'inchi' => '', 'inchikey' => '', 'formula' => '', 'oxstate' => null, 'url' => '', 'charge' => null, 'class1' => 'Organic compound', 'class2' => 'NA', 'class3' => 'NA', 'class4' => 'Molecule', 'class5' => 'NA', 'isgroup' => 'yes', 'checked' => 'yes', 'citation_count' => '0', 'updated' => '2015-12-11 09:54:00', 'first' => 'C', 'nametotal' => 'Carbohydrates**46', 'AnalytesCitation' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 2 => array( 'id' => '02518', 'name' => 'Xylitol', 'iupac_name' => '(2S,4R)-pentane-1,2,3,4,5-pentol', 'casrn' => '87-99-0', 'synonyms' => 'Xylite; Klinit; Pentitol', 'total' => '2', 'inchi' => 'InChI=1S/C5H12O5/c6-1-3(8)5(10)4(9)2-7/h3-10H,1-2H2', 'inchikey' => 'HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-NGQZWQHPSA-N', 'formula' => 'C5H12O5', 'oxstate' => 'Zero', 'url' => '', 'charge' => '0', 'class1' => 'Organic compound', 'class2' => 'NA', 'class3' => 'NA', 'class4' => 'Molecule', 'class5' => '', 'isgroup' => '', 'checked' => 'yes', 'citation_count' => '0', 'updated' => '2015-10-23 21:39:53', 'first' => 'X', 'nametotal' => 'Xylitol**2', 'AnalytesCitation' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 3 => array( 'id' => '02184', 'name' => 'Sorbitol', 'iupac_name' => '(2R,3R,4R,5S)-hexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol', 'casrn' => '50-70-4', 'synonyms' => 'D-glucitol; Diakarmon; Glucitol; L-gulitol; D-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexanehexol; Nivitin; Sionit; Sionon; Sorbicolan; Sorbite; D-sorbitol; Sorbo; Sorbol; component of Probilagol; Cholaxine; D-Sorbol; Esasorb; Glucitol, D-; Gulitol; Karion; Neosorb; Sionite; Siosan; Sorbex M; Sorbex R; Sorbex Rp; Sorbex S; Sorbex X; Sorbilande; Sorbit; Sorbitol syrup C; Sorbostyl; Sorvilande; Syn M.D.; Sorbitol, (d); A-625/641ABS 301K; A-625/641ABS 500FR-1; Cystosol; d-Galactitol; d-Sorbit; d-Sorbite; Hexahydric alcohol; Hydex 100 gran.206; Karion, sionit; Liponic 70-NC; Orbit; Resulax; Sorban; Sorbelite C; Sorbilax; Sorbitol (EGIC); Sorbitur; Sorbostryl; Hexitol', 'total' => '5', 'inchi' => 'InChI=1S/C6H14O6/c7-1-3(9)5(11)6(12)4(10)2-8/h3-12H,1-2H2', 'inchikey' => 'FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N', 'formula' => ' C6H14O6', 'oxstate' => 'Zero', 'url' => '', 'charge' => '0', 'class1' => 'Organic compound', 'class2' => 'NA', 'class3' => 'NA', 'class4' => 'Molecule', 'class5' => 'Sugars', 'isgroup' => '', 'checked' => 'yes', 'citation_count' => '0', 'updated' => '2015-12-11 16:18:02', 'first' => 'S', 'nametotal' => 'Sorbitol**5', 'AnalytesCitation' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 4 => array( 'id' => '01056', 'name' => 'Glucosamine', 'iupac_name' => '(3R,4R,5S,6R)-3-amino-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-2,4,5-triol', 'casrn' => '3416-24-8', 'synonyms' => 'D-Glucosamine, Glucosamine, 2-Amino-2-Deoxy-D-Glucose, chitosamine, 2-Amino-2-Deoxy-D-Glucopyranose, CHEBI:47977, GlcN, D-GlcN, MSWZFWKMSRAUBD-IVMDWMLBSA-N, STK801823, D-(+)-Glucosamine, 2-Deoxy-2-Amino-Glucose, 2-Amino-2-Deoxy-Glucose, 2-amino-2-deoxyglucose, 2-Deoxy-2-Amino-D-Glucose, 2-Amino-2-Deoxy-Glucopyranose, 2-Deoxy-2-Amino-Glucopyranose, 2-Amino-2-Deoxy-Glucopyranoside, 2-Deoxy-2-Amino-D-Glucopyranose, 2-Deoxy-2-Amino-Glucopyranoside, 2-Amino-2-Deoxy-D-Glucopyranoside, D-Glucose, 2-amino-2-deoxy-, 2-Deoxy-2-Amino-D-Glucopyranoside, (3R,4R,5S,6R)-3-amino-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-2,4,5-triol, 3416-24-8, AC1Q4UBH, Glucosamine (USAN/INN), Glucosamine [USAN:INN], Glucosaminum [INN-Latin], bmse000247, Glucosamina [INN-Spanish], AC1L96WB, DB01296, C00329, D04334, Epitope ID:151531, SCHEMBL167831, 2-Amino-2-deoxyhexopyranose #, CHEMBL493287, CTK7J7683, BBL009288, AKOS005622471, DB-017621, WURCS=1.0/1,0/[X2122h|1,5|2*N]', 'total' => '2', 'inchi' => 'InChI=1S/C6H13NO5/c7-3(1-8)5(11)6(12)4(10)2-9/h1,3-6,9-12H,2,7H2/t3-,4+,5+,6+/m0/s1', 'inchikey' => 'MSWZFWKMSRAUBD-IVMDWMLBSA-N', 'formula' => 'C6H13NO5', 'oxstate' => 'Zero', 'url' => '', 'charge' => '0', 'class1' => '', 'class2' => '', 'class3' => '', 'class4' => '', 'class5' => '', 'isgroup' => 'no', 'checked' => 'no', 'citation_count' => '0', 'updated' => '2015-10-23 09:58:50', 'first' => 'G', 'nametotal' => 'Glucosamine**2', 'AnalytesCitation' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 5 => array( 'id' => '01057', 'name' => 'Glucose', 'iupac_name' => '(3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-2,3,4,5-tetrol', 'casrn' => '50-99-7', 'synonyms' => 'Corn sugar; D(+)-Glucopyranose; D-Glucose; D-(+)-Glucose; Dextrose; Glu; Glucose; Grape sugar;', 'total' => '540', 'inchi' => 'InChI=1S/C6H12O6/c7-1-3(9)5(11)6(12)4(10)2-8/h1,3-6,8-12H,2H2/t3-,4+,5+,6+/m0/s1', 'inchikey' => 'WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N', 'formula' => 'C6H12O6', 'oxstate' => 'Zero', 'url' => '', 'charge' => '0', 'class1' => 'Organic compound', 'class2' => 'NA', 'class3' => 'NA', 'class4' => 'Molecule', 'class5' => 'Sugars', 'isgroup' => '', 'checked' => 'yes', 'citation_count' => '0', 'updated' => '2015-10-23 09:58:51', 'first' => 'G', 'nametotal' => 'Glucose**540', 'AnalytesCitation' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 6 => array( 'id' => '01349', 'name' => 'Lactose', 'iupac_name' => '(2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6R)-4,5,6-trihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxane-3,4,5-triol', 'casrn' => '63-42-3', 'synonyms' => '(+)-β-D-lactose; 4-O-Beta-D-galactopyranosyl-D-glucose; 4-(β-D-galactosido)-D-glucose; Beta-D-Lactose; Beta-lactose; D-(+)-Lactose; Lac; lactin; lactobiose; Lactose; Milk sugar; saccharum lactin; ', 'total' => '36', 'inchi' => 'InChI=1S/C12H22O11/c13-1-3-5(15)6(16)9(19)12(22-3)23-10-4(2-14)21-11(20)8(18)7(10)17/h3-20H,1-2H2', 'inchikey' => 'GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-DCSYEGIMSA-N', 'formula' => 'C12H22O11', 'oxstate' => 'Zero', 'url' => '', 'charge' => '0', 'class1' => 'Organic compound', 'class2' => 'NA', 'class3' => 'NA', 'class4' => 'Molecule', 'class5' => '', 'isgroup' => '', 'checked' => 'yes', 'citation_count' => '0', 'updated' => '2015-12-11 16:21:31', 'first' => 'L', 'nametotal' => 'Lactose**36', 'AnalytesCitation' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 7 => array( 'id' => '02215', 'name' => 'Sucrose', 'iupac_name' => '(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2S,3S,4S,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol', 'casrn' => '57-50-1', 'synonyms' => '1-α-D-glucopyranosyl-2-β-D-fructofranoside; α-D-glucopyranosyl β-D-fructofuranoside; (α-D-glucosido)-β-D-fructofuranoside; β-D-fructofuranose-(2-1)-α-D-glucopyranoside; β-D-fructofuranosyl-α-D-Glucopyranoside; Beet sugar; Cane sugar; confectioner\'s sugar; D(+)-Sucrose; Saccharose; saccharum; Sucrose; Sugar', 'total' => '60', 'inchi' => 'InChI=1S/C12H22O11/c13-1-4-6(16)8(18)9(19)11(21-4)23-12(3-15)10(20)7(17)5(2-14)22-12/h4-11,13-20H,1-3H2/t4-,5-,6-,7-,8+,9-,10+,11-,12+/m1/s1', 'inchikey' => 'CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N', 'formula' => 'C12H22O11', 'oxstate' => '', 'url' => '', 'charge' => '0', 'class1' => 'Organic compound', 'class2' => 'NA', 'class3' => 'NA', 'class4' => 'Molecule', 'class5' => 'Sugars', 'isgroup' => '', 'checked' => 'yes', 'citation_count' => '0', 'updated' => '2015-12-11 16:21:31', 'first' => 'S', 'nametotal' => 'Sucrose**60', 'AnalytesCitation' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ) ), 'Matrix' => array(), 'Keyword' => array( (int) 0 => array( 'id' => '0244', 'type' => 'Feature', 'keyword' => 'Linear dynamic range', 'newKeyword' => '', 'synonyms' => '', 'fao' => '', 'total' => '70', 'first' => 'L', 'keytotal' => 'Linear dynamic range**70', 'CitationsKeyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ) ) ) $i = (int) 2 $path = '' $a = '' $url = 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0003-2670(96)00351-0' $aus = 'Innocenzo G. Casellaa,*, Tommaso R. I. Cataldia, Antonio Guerrieria and Elio Desimonib'include - APP/View/Elements/citation.ctp, line 40 View::_evaluate() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 971 View::_render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 933 View::_renderElement() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 1224 View::element() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 418 include - APP/View/Techniques/view.ctp, line 52 View::_evaluate() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 971 View::_render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 933 View::render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 473 Controller::render() - CORE/Cake/Controller/Controller.php, line 968 Dispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/Cake/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 200 Dispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/Cake/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 167 [main] - APP/webroot/index.php, line 109
Abstract:
A vitreous C electrode (0.125 cm2 area) was coated with a polyaniline (PANI) film by galvanostatic polymerization from a solution containing 85 mM aniline in 0.1 M H2SO4 by cycling the potential between -0.1 and 1.1 V (vs. SCE) for five cycles at 50 mV/s. The coated electrode was immersed in 50 mM CuCl2 in 0.1 M H2SO4 for 5 min and then a potential of -0.3 V was applied for 3 min. The Cu-PANI sensor was evaluated for determining amino-acids and polyhydric compounds. Molar response factors for carbohydrates and amino-acids were measured using a FIA system and 0.1 M NaOH as the carrier stream (1 ml/min). A potential of 0.55 V vs. Ag/AgCl was applied to the sensor. A Carbopac PA 1 anion-exchange column (25 cm x 4 mm i.d.) was coupled to the FIA system to analyze carbohydrates and amino-acids. Xylitol, sorbitol, glucosamine, glucose, lactose and sucrose were separated using 0.15 M NaOH as the mobile phase (0.6 ml/min) and the detection limits were 2-6 pmol. Alanine, glycine, lysine methionine and glutamine were separated with 0.1 M NaOH as the mobile phase (0.5 ml/min) and the detection limits were 5-15 pmol. The linear dynamic range was three-four orders of magnitude above the detection limits. The electrode was stable for >=3 h in flowing streams.
Amino Acids
Carbohydrates
Xylitol
Sorbitol
Glucosamine
Glucose
Lactose
Sucrose
Linear dynamic range
"Flow Injection Analysis Of Electroinactive Anions At A Polyaniline Electrode"
Anal. Chem.
1988 Volume 60, Issue 18 Pages 1979-1982
Notice (8): Undefined variable: uid [APP/View/Elements/citation.ctp, line 40]Jiannong Ye and Richard P. BaldwinCode Context?><?phpif($uid!='') {$viewFile = '/home/stuchalk/public_html/fad/app/View/Elements/citation.ctp' $dataForView = array( 'data' => array( 'Technique' => array( 'id' => '0146', 'label' => 'Electrode', 'level1' => 'Electrode', 'level2' => 'membrane', 'level3' => 'polyaniline', 'level4' => '', 'level5' => '', 'synonyms' => '', 'champ' => '', 'total' => '6', 'updated' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'name' => 'Electrode, membrane, polyaniline', 'nametotal' => 'Electrode, membrane, polyaniline**6', 'first' => 'E' ), 'Citation' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 1 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 2 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 3 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 4 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 5 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ) ), 'c' => array( 'id' => '008517', 'authors' => 'Ye, J.N.;Baldwin, R.P.', 'authorsweb' => 'Jiannong Ye and Richard P. Baldwin', 'title' => 'Flow injection analysis of electroinactive anions at a polyaniline electrode', 'journal' => 'Anal. Chem.', 'journal_id' => '0499', 'fadid' => 'ANCH1988V0060P01979', 'year' => '1988', 'volume' => '60', 'issue' => '18', 'startpage' => '1979', 'endpage' => '1982', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0246;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0146;0192;0519;', 'keywords' => ';0212;0217;', 'abstract' => 'The electrode was prepared by immersing a polished Pt electrode in stirred 1.0 M H2SO4 containing 0.1 M aniline and scanning three complete cycles between -0.2 and +1.1 V vs. a Ag - AgCl reference electrode at 20 mV s-1. Cyclic voltammetry (details given) in 0.2 M Na acetate buffer (pH 6.0) containing 0.1 M ClO4- or flow injection analysis of the same medium or one containing 0.2 M glycine, with detection at 0.2 or 0.5 V, respectively, gave best results for NO3-, Cl-, SO42-, Br-, NO2- and ClO4-, e.g., the calibration graph for flow injection analysis of NO3- was rectilinear over three orders of magnitude, and the detection limit was ~0.1 ppm with use of the glycine mobile phase.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '1', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 18:35:15', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00855', 'pauthor' => '!Baldwin, R.P.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1021/ac00169a030', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Flow injection analysis of electroinactive anions at a polyaniline electrode', Anal. Chem., 1988 60(18) 1979-1982', 'firstchar' => 'F', 'twochars' => 'Fl', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( 'id' => '006229', 'citation_id' => '008517', 'technique_id' => '0146' ), 'Analyte' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), 'Matrix' => array(), 'Keyword' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 1 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ) ), 'i' => (int) 3 ) $data = array( 'Technique' => array( 'id' => '0146', 'label' => 'Electrode', 'level1' => 'Electrode', 'level2' => 'membrane', 'level3' => 'polyaniline', 'level4' => '', 'level5' => '', 'synonyms' => '', 'champ' => '', 'total' => '6', 'updated' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'name' => 'Electrode, membrane, polyaniline', 'nametotal' => 'Electrode, membrane, polyaniline**6', 'first' => 'E' ), 'Citation' => array( (int) 0 => array( 'id' => '002507', 'authors' => 'Strehlitz, B.;Grundig, B.;Kopinke, H.', 'authorsweb' => 'B. Strehlitz, B. Gründig and H. Kopinke', 'title' => 'Sensor for amperometric determination of ammonia and ammonia-forming enzyme reactions', 'journal' => 'Anal. Chim. Acta', 'journal_id' => '0584', 'fadid' => 'ANCA2000V0403P00011', 'year' => '2000', 'volume' => '403', 'issue' => '1-2', 'startpage' => '11', 'endpage' => '23', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0202;2470;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0001;0146;0544;0209;0426;', 'keywords' => ';0217;0043;', 'abstract' => 'The amperometric ammonia determination by use of a polyaniline-modified screen printed Pt-C electrode at 0.3 V (versus Ag/AgCl on the strip) is shown. The electrochemical pulse polarization method is used for the modification. The effects of basic electrode material, applied potential, pH of buffer solution and possible interferences of other ions were studied. The polyaniline-modified Pt-C electrode measures (NH4)(2)SO4 with a detection limit of 5 µM, a linear range up to 1 mM and a sensitivity of 40±20 µA cm-2 mM-1. A new generation of enzyme sensors arises from the immobilization of ammonia-forming enzymes in a poly(carbamoyl)sulphonate hydrogel matrix on the working electrode as it is shown for urease to detect urea.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '2002-03-30 13:00:00', 'hits' => '6', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 16:32:41', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'Strehlitz, B.', 'address' => 'UFZ Centre for Environmental Research Leipzig-Halle, Centre for Environmental Biotechnology, UbZ, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany', 'email' => 'strehl@san.ufz.de', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1016/S0003-2670(99)00594-2', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Sensor for amperometric determination of ammonia and ammonia-forming enzyme reactions', Anal. Chim. Acta, 2000 403(1-2) 11-23', 'firstchar' => 'S', 'twochars' => 'Se', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 1 => array( 'id' => '006329', 'authors' => 'Kubiak, W.W.;Wang, J.', 'authorsweb' => 'Wladyslaw W. Kubiak*, and Joseph Wang', 'title' => 'Flow injection analysis as a tool for studying polymer modified electrodes', 'journal' => 'Anal. Chim. Acta', 'journal_id' => '0584', 'fadid' => 'ANCA1996V0329P00181', 'year' => '1996', 'volume' => '329', 'issue' => '1', 'startpage' => '181', 'endpage' => '189', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => '', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0001;0131;0136;0146;0150;0155;0230;', 'keywords' => ';0110;', 'abstract' => 'A FIA system was described for studying the permeation, selectivity and dynamic properties of polymer films deposited on a glassy C disc electrode. The FIA system was equipped with a 500 µL injection loop and a thin-layer amperometric detector fitted with two glassy C electrodes (3 mm diameter), a Ag/AgCl (3 M NaCl) reference electrode and a steel auxiliary electrode. One of the glassy C electrodes was coated a polymer film, e.g., cellulose acetate, Nafion, polypyrrole, polyaniline or polyvinylpyridine. Several different test substances were injected into a 0.1 M phosphate buffer carrier stream of pH 7.4 and the responses obtained from the coated and uncoated working electrodes were compared. The advantages of the flow injection manifold are discussed; equations are derived to support the discussion.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '4', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 16:20:48', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '01086', 'pauthor' => '!Kubiak, W.W.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1016/0003-2670(96)00104-3', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Flow injection analysis as a tool for studying polymer modified electrodes', Anal. Chim. Acta, 1996 329(1) 181-189', 'firstchar' => 'F', 'twochars' => 'Fl', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 2 => array( 'id' => '006372', 'authors' => 'Casella, I.G.;Cataldi, T.R.I.;Guerrieri, A.;Desimoni, E.', 'authorsweb' => 'Innocenzo G. Casellaa,*, Tommaso R. I. Cataldia, Antonio Guerrieria and Elio Desimonib', 'title' => 'Copper dispersed into polyaniline films as an amperometric sensor in alkaline solutions of amino-acids and polyhydric compounds', 'journal' => 'Anal. Chim. Acta', 'journal_id' => '0584', 'fadid' => 'ANCA1996V0335P00217', 'year' => '1996', 'volume' => '335', 'issue' => '3', 'startpage' => '217', 'endpage' => '225', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0160;0508;2518;2184;1056;1057;1349;2215;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0080;0146;0001;0226;0272;0426;', 'keywords' => ';0244;', 'abstract' => 'A vitreous C electrode (0.125 cm2 area) was coated with a polyaniline (PANI) film by galvanostatic polymerization from a solution containing 85 mM aniline in 0.1 M H2SO4 by cycling the potential between -0.1 and 1.1 V (vs. SCE) for five cycles at 50 mV/s. The coated electrode was immersed in 50 mM CuCl2 in 0.1 M H2SO4 for 5 min and then a potential of -0.3 V was applied for 3 min. The Cu-PANI sensor was evaluated for determining amino-acids and polyhydric compounds. Molar response factors for carbohydrates and amino-acids were measured using a FIA system and 0.1 M NaOH as the carrier stream (1 ml/min). A potential of 0.55 V vs. Ag/AgCl was applied to the sensor. A Carbopac PA 1 anion-exchange column (25 cm x 4 mm i.d.) was coupled to the FIA system to analyze carbohydrates and amino-acids. Xylitol, sorbitol, glucosamine, glucose, lactose and sucrose were separated using 0.15 M NaOH as the mobile phase (0.6 ml/min) and the detection limits were 2-6 pmol. Alanine, glycine, lysine methionine and glutamine were separated with 0.1 M NaOH as the mobile phase (0.5 ml/min) and the detection limits were 5-15 pmol. The linear dynamic range was three-four orders of magnitude above the detection limits. The electrode was stable for >=3 h in flowing streams.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '12', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 16:21:55', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00074', 'pauthor' => '!Casella, I.G.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1016/S0003-2670(96)00351-0', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Copper dispersed into polyaniline films as an amperometric sensor in alkaline solutions of amino-acids and polyhydric compounds', Anal. Chim. Acta, 1996 335(3) 217-225', 'firstchar' => 'C', 'twochars' => 'Co', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 3 => array( 'id' => '008517', 'authors' => 'Ye, J.N.;Baldwin, R.P.', 'authorsweb' => 'Jiannong Ye and Richard P. Baldwin', 'title' => 'Flow injection analysis of electroinactive anions at a polyaniline electrode', 'journal' => 'Anal. Chem.', 'journal_id' => '0499', 'fadid' => 'ANCH1988V0060P01979', 'year' => '1988', 'volume' => '60', 'issue' => '18', 'startpage' => '1979', 'endpage' => '1982', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0246;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0146;0192;0519;', 'keywords' => ';0212;0217;', 'abstract' => 'The electrode was prepared by immersing a polished Pt electrode in stirred 1.0 M H2SO4 containing 0.1 M aniline and scanning three complete cycles between -0.2 and +1.1 V vs. a Ag - AgCl reference electrode at 20 mV s-1. Cyclic voltammetry (details given) in 0.2 M Na acetate buffer (pH 6.0) containing 0.1 M ClO4- or flow injection analysis of the same medium or one containing 0.2 M glycine, with detection at 0.2 or 0.5 V, respectively, gave best results for NO3-, Cl-, SO42-, Br-, NO2- and ClO4-, e.g., the calibration graph for flow injection analysis of NO3- was rectilinear over three orders of magnitude, and the detection limit was ~0.1 ppm with use of the glycine mobile phase.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '1', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 18:35:15', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00855', 'pauthor' => '!Baldwin, R.P.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1021/ac00169a030', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Flow injection analysis of electroinactive anions at a polyaniline electrode', Anal. Chem., 1988 60(18) 1979-1982', 'firstchar' => 'F', 'twochars' => 'Fl', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 4 => array( 'id' => '009962', 'authors' => 'Trojanowicz, M.A.;Krawczynski Vel Krawczyk, T.;Zmorzyska, M.;Campanella, L.', 'authorsweb' => 'Marek Trojanowicz *, Tadeusz Krawczyski vel Krawczyk, Magorzata Zmorzyska, Luigi Campanella ', 'title' => 'Amperometric sensing of ammonia in aqueous solutions using a polyaniline-modified electrode in flow injection systems', 'journal' => 'Electroanalysis', 'journal_id' => '1003', 'fadid' => 'ELAN1997V0009P01062', 'year' => '1997', 'volume' => '9', 'issue' => '14', 'startpage' => '1062', 'endpage' => '1066', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0202;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0001;0146;0431;', 'keywords' => '', 'abstract' => 'Platinum electrode modified with polyaniline by electropolymerization exhibits amperometric sensitivity to nonprotonated ammonia in aqueous solutions in the anodic range of potentials. Sensitivity of response depends mostly on the kind of doping anions used and the polarization potential applied during measurements. This detection can be utilized for design of amperometric biosensors for urea.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '14', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 14:12:10', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00320', 'pauthor' => '!Trojanowicz, M.A.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1002/elan.1140091406', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Amperometric sensing of ammonia in aqueous solutions using a polyaniline-modified electrode in flow injection systems', Electroanalysis, 1997 9(14) 1062-1066', 'firstchar' => 'A', 'twochars' => 'Am', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array([maximum depth reached]) ), (int) 5 => array( 'id' => '013296', 'authors' => 'Bartlett, P.N.;Birkin, P.R.;Palmisano, F.;De Benedetto, G.E.', 'authorsweb' => 'Philip N. Bartlett, Peter R. Birkin, Francesco Palmisano and Giuseppe De Benedetto', 'title' => 'A study on the direct electrochemical communication between horseradish-peroxidase and a poly(aniline) modified electrode', 'journal' => 'J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans.', 'journal_id' => '1272', 'fadid' => 'JCSF1996V0092P03123', 'year' => '1996', 'volume' => '92', 'issue' => '17', 'startpage' => '3123', 'endpage' => '3130', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => '', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0054;0092;0112;0146;', 'keywords' => ';0147;', 'abstract' => 'Electrochemical communication between the redox active centre of the enzyme horseradish peroxidase (E.C.1.11.1.7), HRP, and the conducting polymer, poly(aniline), is shown to be possible and efficient:at pH 5. The interaction between HRP and the poly(aniline) film was studied employing flow injection analysis. Tbe:modified electrodes employed consisted of two carbon band electrodes (ca. 10 µm wide, 4.5 mm long:separated by a 20 µm gap) coated with an anodically grown:film of poly(aniline). HRP was deposited on top of the poly(aniline) film in one of two ways. In the first HRP was immobilized onto the poly(aniline) film in an insulating poly(1,2-diaminobenzene) polymer grown electrochemically on top of the poly(aniline) film. In the second, HRP was absorbed on to the surface of a poly(aniline) modified electrode. The effect of the potential of the poly(aniline) film and 'phenazine' concentration within the film on the efficiency of interaction between the redox centre of HRP and the conducting polymer film are reported.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'No', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '7', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 09:36:56', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'Bartlett, P.N.', 'address' => 'Department of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton, Hants SO17 1BJ England', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1039/ft9969203123', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''A study on the direct electrochemical communication between horseradish-peroxidase and a poly(aniline) modified electrode', J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans., 1996 92(17) 3123-3130', 'firstchar' => 'A', 'twochars' => 'A ', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ) ) ) $c = array( 'id' => '008517', 'authors' => 'Ye, J.N.;Baldwin, R.P.', 'authorsweb' => 'Jiannong Ye and Richard P. Baldwin', 'title' => 'Flow injection analysis of electroinactive anions at a polyaniline electrode', 'journal' => 'Anal. Chem.', 'journal_id' => '0499', 'fadid' => 'ANCH1988V0060P01979', 'year' => '1988', 'volume' => '60', 'issue' => '18', 'startpage' => '1979', 'endpage' => '1982', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0246;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0146;0192;0519;', 'keywords' => ';0212;0217;', 'abstract' => 'The electrode was prepared by immersing a polished Pt electrode in stirred 1.0 M H2SO4 containing 0.1 M aniline and scanning three complete cycles between -0.2 and +1.1 V vs. a Ag - AgCl reference electrode at 20 mV s-1. Cyclic voltammetry (details given) in 0.2 M Na acetate buffer (pH 6.0) containing 0.1 M ClO4- or flow injection analysis of the same medium or one containing 0.2 M glycine, with detection at 0.2 or 0.5 V, respectively, gave best results for NO3-, Cl-, SO42-, Br-, NO2- and ClO4-, e.g., the calibration graph for flow injection analysis of NO3- was rectilinear over three orders of magnitude, and the detection limit was ~0.1 ppm with use of the glycine mobile phase.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '1', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 18:35:15', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00855', 'pauthor' => '!Baldwin, R.P.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1021/ac00169a030', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Flow injection analysis of electroinactive anions at a polyaniline electrode', Anal. 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Baldwin'include - APP/View/Elements/citation.ctp, line 40 View::_evaluate() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 971 View::_render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 933 View::_renderElement() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 1224 View::element() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 418 include - APP/View/Techniques/view.ctp, line 52 View::_evaluate() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 971 View::_render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 933 View::render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 473 Controller::render() - CORE/Cake/Controller/Controller.php, line 968 Dispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/Cake/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 200 Dispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/Cake/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 167 [main] - APP/webroot/index.php, line 109
Abstract:
The electrode was prepared by immersing a polished Pt electrode in stirred 1.0 M H2SO4 containing 0.1 M aniline and scanning three complete cycles between -0.2 and +1.1 V vs. a Ag - AgCl reference electrode at 20 mV s-1. Cyclic voltammetry (details given) in 0.2 M Na acetate buffer (pH 6.0) containing 0.1 M ClO4- or flow injection analysis of the same medium or one containing 0.2 M glycine, with detection at 0.2 or 0.5 V, respectively, gave best results for NO3-, Cl-, SO42-, Br-, NO2- and ClO4-, e.g., the calibration graph for flow injection analysis of NO3- was rectilinear over three orders of magnitude, and the detection limit was ~0.1 ppm with use of the glycine mobile phase.
Anions, electroinactive
Indirect
Interferences
"Amperometric Sensing Of Ammonia In Aqueous Solutions Using A Polyaniline-modified Electrode In Flow Injection Systems"
Electroanalysis
1997 Volume 9, Issue 14 Pages 1062-1066
Notice (8): Undefined variable: uid [APP/View/Elements/citation.ctp, line 40]Marek Trojanowicz *, Tadeusz Krawczyski vel Krawczyk, Magorzata Zmorzyska, Luigi CampanellaCode Context?><?phpif($uid!='') {$viewFile = '/home/stuchalk/public_html/fad/app/View/Elements/citation.ctp' $dataForView = array( 'data' => array( 'Technique' => array( 'id' => '0146', 'label' => 'Electrode', 'level1' => 'Electrode', 'level2' => 'membrane', 'level3' => 'polyaniline', 'level4' => '', 'level5' => '', 'synonyms' => '', 'champ' => '', 'total' => '6', 'updated' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'name' => 'Electrode, membrane, polyaniline', 'nametotal' => 'Electrode, membrane, polyaniline**6', 'first' => 'E' ), 'Citation' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 1 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 2 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 3 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 4 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 5 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ) ), 'c' => array( 'id' => '009962', 'authors' => 'Trojanowicz, M.A.;Krawczynski Vel Krawczyk, T.;Zmorzyska, M.;Campanella, L.', 'authorsweb' => 'Marek Trojanowicz *, Tadeusz Krawczyski vel Krawczyk, Magorzata Zmorzyska, Luigi Campanella ', 'title' => 'Amperometric sensing of ammonia in aqueous solutions using a polyaniline-modified electrode in flow injection systems', 'journal' => 'Electroanalysis', 'journal_id' => '1003', 'fadid' => 'ELAN1997V0009P01062', 'year' => '1997', 'volume' => '9', 'issue' => '14', 'startpage' => '1062', 'endpage' => '1066', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0202;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0001;0146;0431;', 'keywords' => '', 'abstract' => 'Platinum electrode modified with polyaniline by electropolymerization exhibits amperometric sensitivity to nonprotonated ammonia in aqueous solutions in the anodic range of potentials. Sensitivity of response depends mostly on the kind of doping anions used and the polarization potential applied during measurements. This detection can be utilized for design of amperometric biosensors for urea.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '14', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 14:12:10', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00320', 'pauthor' => '!Trojanowicz, M.A.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1002/elan.1140091406', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Amperometric sensing of ammonia in aqueous solutions using a polyaniline-modified electrode in flow injection systems', Electroanalysis, 1997 9(14) 1062-1066', 'firstchar' => 'A', 'twochars' => 'Am', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( 'id' => '008712', 'citation_id' => '009962', 'technique_id' => '0146' ), 'Analyte' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), 'Matrix' => array(), 'Keyword' => array() ), 'i' => (int) 4 ) $data = array( 'Technique' => array( 'id' => '0146', 'label' => 'Electrode', 'level1' => 'Electrode', 'level2' => 'membrane', 'level3' => 'polyaniline', 'level4' => '', 'level5' => '', 'synonyms' => '', 'champ' => '', 'total' => '6', 'updated' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'name' => 'Electrode, membrane, polyaniline', 'nametotal' => 'Electrode, membrane, polyaniline**6', 'first' => 'E' ), 'Citation' => array( (int) 0 => array( 'id' => '002507', 'authors' => 'Strehlitz, B.;Grundig, B.;Kopinke, H.', 'authorsweb' => 'B. Strehlitz, B. Gründig and H. Kopinke', 'title' => 'Sensor for amperometric determination of ammonia and ammonia-forming enzyme reactions', 'journal' => 'Anal. Chim. Acta', 'journal_id' => '0584', 'fadid' => 'ANCA2000V0403P00011', 'year' => '2000', 'volume' => '403', 'issue' => '1-2', 'startpage' => '11', 'endpage' => '23', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0202;2470;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0001;0146;0544;0209;0426;', 'keywords' => ';0217;0043;', 'abstract' => 'The amperometric ammonia determination by use of a polyaniline-modified screen printed Pt-C electrode at 0.3 V (versus Ag/AgCl on the strip) is shown. The electrochemical pulse polarization method is used for the modification. The effects of basic electrode material, applied potential, pH of buffer solution and possible interferences of other ions were studied. The polyaniline-modified Pt-C electrode measures (NH4)(2)SO4 with a detection limit of 5 µM, a linear range up to 1 mM and a sensitivity of 40±20 µA cm-2 mM-1. A new generation of enzyme sensors arises from the immobilization of ammonia-forming enzymes in a poly(carbamoyl)sulphonate hydrogel matrix on the working electrode as it is shown for urease to detect urea.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '2002-03-30 13:00:00', 'hits' => '6', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 16:32:41', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'Strehlitz, B.', 'address' => 'UFZ Centre for Environmental Research Leipzig-Halle, Centre for Environmental Biotechnology, UbZ, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany', 'email' => 'strehl@san.ufz.de', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1016/S0003-2670(99)00594-2', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Sensor for amperometric determination of ammonia and ammonia-forming enzyme reactions', Anal. Chim. Acta, 2000 403(1-2) 11-23', 'firstchar' => 'S', 'twochars' => 'Se', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 1 => array( 'id' => '006329', 'authors' => 'Kubiak, W.W.;Wang, J.', 'authorsweb' => 'Wladyslaw W. Kubiak*, and Joseph Wang', 'title' => 'Flow injection analysis as a tool for studying polymer modified electrodes', 'journal' => 'Anal. Chim. Acta', 'journal_id' => '0584', 'fadid' => 'ANCA1996V0329P00181', 'year' => '1996', 'volume' => '329', 'issue' => '1', 'startpage' => '181', 'endpage' => '189', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => '', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0001;0131;0136;0146;0150;0155;0230;', 'keywords' => ';0110;', 'abstract' => 'A FIA system was described for studying the permeation, selectivity and dynamic properties of polymer films deposited on a glassy C disc electrode. The FIA system was equipped with a 500 µL injection loop and a thin-layer amperometric detector fitted with two glassy C electrodes (3 mm diameter), a Ag/AgCl (3 M NaCl) reference electrode and a steel auxiliary electrode. One of the glassy C electrodes was coated a polymer film, e.g., cellulose acetate, Nafion, polypyrrole, polyaniline or polyvinylpyridine. Several different test substances were injected into a 0.1 M phosphate buffer carrier stream of pH 7.4 and the responses obtained from the coated and uncoated working electrodes were compared. The advantages of the flow injection manifold are discussed; equations are derived to support the discussion.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '4', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 16:20:48', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '01086', 'pauthor' => '!Kubiak, W.W.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1016/0003-2670(96)00104-3', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Flow injection analysis as a tool for studying polymer modified electrodes', Anal. Chim. Acta, 1996 329(1) 181-189', 'firstchar' => 'F', 'twochars' => 'Fl', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 2 => array( 'id' => '006372', 'authors' => 'Casella, I.G.;Cataldi, T.R.I.;Guerrieri, A.;Desimoni, E.', 'authorsweb' => 'Innocenzo G. Casellaa,*, Tommaso R. I. Cataldia, Antonio Guerrieria and Elio Desimonib', 'title' => 'Copper dispersed into polyaniline films as an amperometric sensor in alkaline solutions of amino-acids and polyhydric compounds', 'journal' => 'Anal. Chim. Acta', 'journal_id' => '0584', 'fadid' => 'ANCA1996V0335P00217', 'year' => '1996', 'volume' => '335', 'issue' => '3', 'startpage' => '217', 'endpage' => '225', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0160;0508;2518;2184;1056;1057;1349;2215;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0080;0146;0001;0226;0272;0426;', 'keywords' => ';0244;', 'abstract' => 'A vitreous C electrode (0.125 cm2 area) was coated with a polyaniline (PANI) film by galvanostatic polymerization from a solution containing 85 mM aniline in 0.1 M H2SO4 by cycling the potential between -0.1 and 1.1 V (vs. SCE) for five cycles at 50 mV/s. The coated electrode was immersed in 50 mM CuCl2 in 0.1 M H2SO4 for 5 min and then a potential of -0.3 V was applied for 3 min. The Cu-PANI sensor was evaluated for determining amino-acids and polyhydric compounds. Molar response factors for carbohydrates and amino-acids were measured using a FIA system and 0.1 M NaOH as the carrier stream (1 ml/min). A potential of 0.55 V vs. Ag/AgCl was applied to the sensor. A Carbopac PA 1 anion-exchange column (25 cm x 4 mm i.d.) was coupled to the FIA system to analyze carbohydrates and amino-acids. Xylitol, sorbitol, glucosamine, glucose, lactose and sucrose were separated using 0.15 M NaOH as the mobile phase (0.6 ml/min) and the detection limits were 2-6 pmol. Alanine, glycine, lysine methionine and glutamine were separated with 0.1 M NaOH as the mobile phase (0.5 ml/min) and the detection limits were 5-15 pmol. The linear dynamic range was three-four orders of magnitude above the detection limits. The electrode was stable for >=3 h in flowing streams.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '12', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 16:21:55', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00074', 'pauthor' => '!Casella, I.G.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1016/S0003-2670(96)00351-0', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Copper dispersed into polyaniline films as an amperometric sensor in alkaline solutions of amino-acids and polyhydric compounds', Anal. Chim. Acta, 1996 335(3) 217-225', 'firstchar' => 'C', 'twochars' => 'Co', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 3 => array( 'id' => '008517', 'authors' => 'Ye, J.N.;Baldwin, R.P.', 'authorsweb' => 'Jiannong Ye and Richard P. Baldwin', 'title' => 'Flow injection analysis of electroinactive anions at a polyaniline electrode', 'journal' => 'Anal. Chem.', 'journal_id' => '0499', 'fadid' => 'ANCH1988V0060P01979', 'year' => '1988', 'volume' => '60', 'issue' => '18', 'startpage' => '1979', 'endpage' => '1982', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0246;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0146;0192;0519;', 'keywords' => ';0212;0217;', 'abstract' => 'The electrode was prepared by immersing a polished Pt electrode in stirred 1.0 M H2SO4 containing 0.1 M aniline and scanning three complete cycles between -0.2 and +1.1 V vs. a Ag - AgCl reference electrode at 20 mV s-1. Cyclic voltammetry (details given) in 0.2 M Na acetate buffer (pH 6.0) containing 0.1 M ClO4- or flow injection analysis of the same medium or one containing 0.2 M glycine, with detection at 0.2 or 0.5 V, respectively, gave best results for NO3-, Cl-, SO42-, Br-, NO2- and ClO4-, e.g., the calibration graph for flow injection analysis of NO3- was rectilinear over three orders of magnitude, and the detection limit was ~0.1 ppm with use of the glycine mobile phase.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '1', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 18:35:15', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00855', 'pauthor' => '!Baldwin, R.P.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1021/ac00169a030', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Flow injection analysis of electroinactive anions at a polyaniline electrode', Anal. Chem., 1988 60(18) 1979-1982', 'firstchar' => 'F', 'twochars' => 'Fl', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 4 => array( 'id' => '009962', 'authors' => 'Trojanowicz, M.A.;Krawczynski Vel Krawczyk, T.;Zmorzyska, M.;Campanella, L.', 'authorsweb' => 'Marek Trojanowicz *, Tadeusz Krawczyski vel Krawczyk, Magorzata Zmorzyska, Luigi Campanella ', 'title' => 'Amperometric sensing of ammonia in aqueous solutions using a polyaniline-modified electrode in flow injection systems', 'journal' => 'Electroanalysis', 'journal_id' => '1003', 'fadid' => 'ELAN1997V0009P01062', 'year' => '1997', 'volume' => '9', 'issue' => '14', 'startpage' => '1062', 'endpage' => '1066', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0202;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0001;0146;0431;', 'keywords' => '', 'abstract' => 'Platinum electrode modified with polyaniline by electropolymerization exhibits amperometric sensitivity to nonprotonated ammonia in aqueous solutions in the anodic range of potentials. Sensitivity of response depends mostly on the kind of doping anions used and the polarization potential applied during measurements. This detection can be utilized for design of amperometric biosensors for urea.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '14', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 14:12:10', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00320', 'pauthor' => '!Trojanowicz, M.A.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1002/elan.1140091406', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Amperometric sensing of ammonia in aqueous solutions using a polyaniline-modified electrode in flow injection systems', Electroanalysis, 1997 9(14) 1062-1066', 'firstchar' => 'A', 'twochars' => 'Am', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array([maximum depth reached]) ), (int) 5 => array( 'id' => '013296', 'authors' => 'Bartlett, P.N.;Birkin, P.R.;Palmisano, F.;De Benedetto, G.E.', 'authorsweb' => 'Philip N. Bartlett, Peter R. Birkin, Francesco Palmisano and Giuseppe De Benedetto', 'title' => 'A study on the direct electrochemical communication between horseradish-peroxidase and a poly(aniline) modified electrode', 'journal' => 'J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans.', 'journal_id' => '1272', 'fadid' => 'JCSF1996V0092P03123', 'year' => '1996', 'volume' => '92', 'issue' => '17', 'startpage' => '3123', 'endpage' => '3130', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => '', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0054;0092;0112;0146;', 'keywords' => ';0147;', 'abstract' => 'Electrochemical communication between the redox active centre of the enzyme horseradish peroxidase (E.C.1.11.1.7), HRP, and the conducting polymer, poly(aniline), is shown to be possible and efficient:at pH 5. The interaction between HRP and the poly(aniline) film was studied employing flow injection analysis. Tbe:modified electrodes employed consisted of two carbon band electrodes (ca. 10 µm wide, 4.5 mm long:separated by a 20 µm gap) coated with an anodically grown:film of poly(aniline). HRP was deposited on top of the poly(aniline) film in one of two ways. In the first HRP was immobilized onto the poly(aniline) film in an insulating poly(1,2-diaminobenzene) polymer grown electrochemically on top of the poly(aniline) film. In the second, HRP was absorbed on to the surface of a poly(aniline) modified electrode. The effect of the potential of the poly(aniline) film and 'phenazine' concentration within the film on the efficiency of interaction between the redox centre of HRP and the conducting polymer film are reported.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'No', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '7', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 09:36:56', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'Bartlett, P.N.', 'address' => 'Department of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton, Hants SO17 1BJ England', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1039/ft9969203123', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''A study on the direct electrochemical communication between horseradish-peroxidase and a poly(aniline) modified electrode', J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans., 1996 92(17) 3123-3130', 'firstchar' => 'A', 'twochars' => 'A ', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ) ) ) $c = array( 'id' => '009962', 'authors' => 'Trojanowicz, M.A.;Krawczynski Vel Krawczyk, T.;Zmorzyska, M.;Campanella, L.', 'authorsweb' => 'Marek Trojanowicz *, Tadeusz Krawczyski vel Krawczyk, Magorzata Zmorzyska, Luigi Campanella ', 'title' => 'Amperometric sensing of ammonia in aqueous solutions using a polyaniline-modified electrode in flow injection systems', 'journal' => 'Electroanalysis', 'journal_id' => '1003', 'fadid' => 'ELAN1997V0009P01062', 'year' => '1997', 'volume' => '9', 'issue' => '14', 'startpage' => '1062', 'endpage' => '1066', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0202;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0001;0146;0431;', 'keywords' => '', 'abstract' => 'Platinum electrode modified with polyaniline by electropolymerization exhibits amperometric sensitivity to nonprotonated ammonia in aqueous solutions in the anodic range of potentials. Sensitivity of response depends mostly on the kind of doping anions used and the polarization potential applied during measurements. This detection can be utilized for design of amperometric biosensors for urea.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '14', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 14:12:10', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00320', 'pauthor' => '!Trojanowicz, M.A.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1002/elan.1140091406', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Amperometric sensing of ammonia in aqueous solutions using a polyaniline-modified electrode in flow injection systems', Electroanalysis, 1997 9(14) 1062-1066', 'firstchar' => 'A', 'twochars' => 'Am', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( 'id' => '008712', 'citation_id' => '009962', 'technique_id' => '0146' ), 'Analyte' => array( (int) 0 => array( 'id' => '00202', 'name' => 'Ammonia', 'iupac_name' => 'azane', 'casrn' => '7664-41-7', 'synonyms' => 'Ammonia; Ammonia ; Ammonia, aqueous~Ammonia, solution; N-H', 'total' => '121', 'inchi' => 'InChI=1S/H3N/h1H3', 'inchikey' => 'QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N', 'formula' => 'NH3', 'oxstate' => '+3', 'url' => '', 'charge' => '0', 'class1' => 'Inorganic compound', 'class2' => 'Non-metal', 'class3' => 'NA', 'class4' => 'Molecule', 'class5' => 'Bases', 'isgroup' => '', 'checked' => 'yes', 'citation_count' => '0', 'updated' => '2015-10-23 09:32:43', 'first' => 'A', 'nametotal' => 'Ammonia**121', 'AnalytesCitation' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ) ), 'Matrix' => array(), 'Keyword' => array() ) $i = (int) 4 $path = '' $a = '' $url = 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elan.1140091406' $aus = 'Marek Trojanowicz *, Tadeusz Krawczyski vel Krawczyk, Magorzata Zmorzyska, Luigi Campanella 'include - APP/View/Elements/citation.ctp, line 40 View::_evaluate() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 971 View::_render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 933 View::_renderElement() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 1224 View::element() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 418 include - APP/View/Techniques/view.ctp, line 52 View::_evaluate() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 971 View::_render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 933 View::render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 473 Controller::render() - CORE/Cake/Controller/Controller.php, line 968 Dispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/Cake/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 200 Dispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/Cake/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 167 [main] - APP/webroot/index.php, line 109
Abstract:
Platinum electrode modified with polyaniline by electropolymerization exhibits amperometric sensitivity to nonprotonated ammonia in aqueous solutions in the anodic range of potentials. Sensitivity of response depends mostly on the kind of doping anions used and the polarization potential applied during measurements. This detection can be utilized for design of amperometric biosensors for urea.
Ammonia
"A Study On The Direct Electrochemical Communication Between Horseradish-peroxidase And A Poly(aniline) Modified Electrode"
J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans.
1996 Volume 92, Issue 17 Pages 3123-3130
Notice (8): Undefined variable: uid [APP/View/Elements/citation.ctp, line 40]Philip N. Bartlett, Peter R. Birkin, Francesco Palmisano and Giuseppe De BenedettoCode Context?><?phpif($uid!='') {$viewFile = '/home/stuchalk/public_html/fad/app/View/Elements/citation.ctp' $dataForView = array( 'data' => array( 'Technique' => array( 'id' => '0146', 'label' => 'Electrode', 'level1' => 'Electrode', 'level2' => 'membrane', 'level3' => 'polyaniline', 'level4' => '', 'level5' => '', 'synonyms' => '', 'champ' => '', 'total' => '6', 'updated' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'name' => 'Electrode, membrane, polyaniline', 'nametotal' => 'Electrode, membrane, polyaniline**6', 'first' => 'E' ), 'Citation' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 1 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 2 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 3 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 4 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 5 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ) ), 'c' => array( 'id' => '013296', 'authors' => 'Bartlett, P.N.;Birkin, P.R.;Palmisano, F.;De Benedetto, G.E.', 'authorsweb' => 'Philip N. Bartlett, Peter R. Birkin, Francesco Palmisano and Giuseppe De Benedetto', 'title' => 'A study on the direct electrochemical communication between horseradish-peroxidase and a poly(aniline) modified electrode', 'journal' => 'J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans.', 'journal_id' => '1272', 'fadid' => 'JCSF1996V0092P03123', 'year' => '1996', 'volume' => '92', 'issue' => '17', 'startpage' => '3123', 'endpage' => '3130', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => '', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0054;0092;0112;0146;', 'keywords' => ';0147;', 'abstract' => 'Electrochemical communication between the redox active centre of the enzyme horseradish peroxidase (E.C.1.11.1.7), HRP, and the conducting polymer, poly(aniline), is shown to be possible and efficient:at pH 5. The interaction between HRP and the poly(aniline) film was studied employing flow injection analysis. Tbe:modified electrodes employed consisted of two carbon band electrodes (ca. 10 µm wide, 4.5 mm long:separated by a 20 µm gap) coated with an anodically grown:film of poly(aniline). HRP was deposited on top of the poly(aniline) film in one of two ways. In the first HRP was immobilized onto the poly(aniline) film in an insulating poly(1,2-diaminobenzene) polymer grown electrochemically on top of the poly(aniline) film. In the second, HRP was absorbed on to the surface of a poly(aniline) modified electrode. The effect of the potential of the poly(aniline) film and 'phenazine' concentration within the film on the efficiency of interaction between the redox centre of HRP and the conducting polymer film are reported.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'No', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '7', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 09:36:56', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'Bartlett, P.N.', 'address' => 'Department of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton, Hants SO17 1BJ England', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1039/ft9969203123', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''A study on the direct electrochemical communication between horseradish-peroxidase and a poly(aniline) modified electrode', J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans., 1996 92(17) 3123-3130', 'firstchar' => 'A', 'twochars' => 'A ', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( 'id' => '013761', 'citation_id' => '013296', 'technique_id' => '0146' ), 'Analyte' => array(), 'Matrix' => array(), 'Keyword' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ) ), 'i' => (int) 5 ) $data = array( 'Technique' => array( 'id' => '0146', 'label' => 'Electrode', 'level1' => 'Electrode', 'level2' => 'membrane', 'level3' => 'polyaniline', 'level4' => '', 'level5' => '', 'synonyms' => '', 'champ' => '', 'total' => '6', 'updated' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'name' => 'Electrode, membrane, polyaniline', 'nametotal' => 'Electrode, membrane, polyaniline**6', 'first' => 'E' ), 'Citation' => array( (int) 0 => array( 'id' => '002507', 'authors' => 'Strehlitz, B.;Grundig, B.;Kopinke, H.', 'authorsweb' => 'B. Strehlitz, B. Gründig and H. Kopinke', 'title' => 'Sensor for amperometric determination of ammonia and ammonia-forming enzyme reactions', 'journal' => 'Anal. Chim. Acta', 'journal_id' => '0584', 'fadid' => 'ANCA2000V0403P00011', 'year' => '2000', 'volume' => '403', 'issue' => '1-2', 'startpage' => '11', 'endpage' => '23', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0202;2470;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0001;0146;0544;0209;0426;', 'keywords' => ';0217;0043;', 'abstract' => 'The amperometric ammonia determination by use of a polyaniline-modified screen printed Pt-C electrode at 0.3 V (versus Ag/AgCl on the strip) is shown. The electrochemical pulse polarization method is used for the modification. The effects of basic electrode material, applied potential, pH of buffer solution and possible interferences of other ions were studied. The polyaniline-modified Pt-C electrode measures (NH4)(2)SO4 with a detection limit of 5 µM, a linear range up to 1 mM and a sensitivity of 40±20 µA cm-2 mM-1. A new generation of enzyme sensors arises from the immobilization of ammonia-forming enzymes in a poly(carbamoyl)sulphonate hydrogel matrix on the working electrode as it is shown for urease to detect urea.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '2002-03-30 13:00:00', 'hits' => '6', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 16:32:41', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'Strehlitz, B.', 'address' => 'UFZ Centre for Environmental Research Leipzig-Halle, Centre for Environmental Biotechnology, UbZ, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany', 'email' => 'strehl@san.ufz.de', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1016/S0003-2670(99)00594-2', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Sensor for amperometric determination of ammonia and ammonia-forming enzyme reactions', Anal. Chim. Acta, 2000 403(1-2) 11-23', 'firstchar' => 'S', 'twochars' => 'Se', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 1 => array( 'id' => '006329', 'authors' => 'Kubiak, W.W.;Wang, J.', 'authorsweb' => 'Wladyslaw W. Kubiak*, and Joseph Wang', 'title' => 'Flow injection analysis as a tool for studying polymer modified electrodes', 'journal' => 'Anal. Chim. Acta', 'journal_id' => '0584', 'fadid' => 'ANCA1996V0329P00181', 'year' => '1996', 'volume' => '329', 'issue' => '1', 'startpage' => '181', 'endpage' => '189', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => '', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0001;0131;0136;0146;0150;0155;0230;', 'keywords' => ';0110;', 'abstract' => 'A FIA system was described for studying the permeation, selectivity and dynamic properties of polymer films deposited on a glassy C disc electrode. The FIA system was equipped with a 500 µL injection loop and a thin-layer amperometric detector fitted with two glassy C electrodes (3 mm diameter), a Ag/AgCl (3 M NaCl) reference electrode and a steel auxiliary electrode. One of the glassy C electrodes was coated a polymer film, e.g., cellulose acetate, Nafion, polypyrrole, polyaniline or polyvinylpyridine. Several different test substances were injected into a 0.1 M phosphate buffer carrier stream of pH 7.4 and the responses obtained from the coated and uncoated working electrodes were compared. The advantages of the flow injection manifold are discussed; equations are derived to support the discussion.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '4', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 16:20:48', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '01086', 'pauthor' => '!Kubiak, W.W.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1016/0003-2670(96)00104-3', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Flow injection analysis as a tool for studying polymer modified electrodes', Anal. Chim. Acta, 1996 329(1) 181-189', 'firstchar' => 'F', 'twochars' => 'Fl', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 2 => array( 'id' => '006372', 'authors' => 'Casella, I.G.;Cataldi, T.R.I.;Guerrieri, A.;Desimoni, E.', 'authorsweb' => 'Innocenzo G. Casellaa,*, Tommaso R. I. Cataldia, Antonio Guerrieria and Elio Desimonib', 'title' => 'Copper dispersed into polyaniline films as an amperometric sensor in alkaline solutions of amino-acids and polyhydric compounds', 'journal' => 'Anal. Chim. Acta', 'journal_id' => '0584', 'fadid' => 'ANCA1996V0335P00217', 'year' => '1996', 'volume' => '335', 'issue' => '3', 'startpage' => '217', 'endpage' => '225', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0160;0508;2518;2184;1056;1057;1349;2215;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0080;0146;0001;0226;0272;0426;', 'keywords' => ';0244;', 'abstract' => 'A vitreous C electrode (0.125 cm2 area) was coated with a polyaniline (PANI) film by galvanostatic polymerization from a solution containing 85 mM aniline in 0.1 M H2SO4 by cycling the potential between -0.1 and 1.1 V (vs. SCE) for five cycles at 50 mV/s. The coated electrode was immersed in 50 mM CuCl2 in 0.1 M H2SO4 for 5 min and then a potential of -0.3 V was applied for 3 min. The Cu-PANI sensor was evaluated for determining amino-acids and polyhydric compounds. Molar response factors for carbohydrates and amino-acids were measured using a FIA system and 0.1 M NaOH as the carrier stream (1 ml/min). A potential of 0.55 V vs. Ag/AgCl was applied to the sensor. A Carbopac PA 1 anion-exchange column (25 cm x 4 mm i.d.) was coupled to the FIA system to analyze carbohydrates and amino-acids. Xylitol, sorbitol, glucosamine, glucose, lactose and sucrose were separated using 0.15 M NaOH as the mobile phase (0.6 ml/min) and the detection limits were 2-6 pmol. Alanine, glycine, lysine methionine and glutamine were separated with 0.1 M NaOH as the mobile phase (0.5 ml/min) and the detection limits were 5-15 pmol. The linear dynamic range was three-four orders of magnitude above the detection limits. The electrode was stable for >=3 h in flowing streams.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '12', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 16:21:55', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00074', 'pauthor' => '!Casella, I.G.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1016/S0003-2670(96)00351-0', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Copper dispersed into polyaniline films as an amperometric sensor in alkaline solutions of amino-acids and polyhydric compounds', Anal. Chim. Acta, 1996 335(3) 217-225', 'firstchar' => 'C', 'twochars' => 'Co', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 3 => array( 'id' => '008517', 'authors' => 'Ye, J.N.;Baldwin, R.P.', 'authorsweb' => 'Jiannong Ye and Richard P. Baldwin', 'title' => 'Flow injection analysis of electroinactive anions at a polyaniline electrode', 'journal' => 'Anal. Chem.', 'journal_id' => '0499', 'fadid' => 'ANCH1988V0060P01979', 'year' => '1988', 'volume' => '60', 'issue' => '18', 'startpage' => '1979', 'endpage' => '1982', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0246;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0146;0192;0519;', 'keywords' => ';0212;0217;', 'abstract' => 'The electrode was prepared by immersing a polished Pt electrode in stirred 1.0 M H2SO4 containing 0.1 M aniline and scanning three complete cycles between -0.2 and +1.1 V vs. a Ag - AgCl reference electrode at 20 mV s-1. Cyclic voltammetry (details given) in 0.2 M Na acetate buffer (pH 6.0) containing 0.1 M ClO4- or flow injection analysis of the same medium or one containing 0.2 M glycine, with detection at 0.2 or 0.5 V, respectively, gave best results for NO3-, Cl-, SO42-, Br-, NO2- and ClO4-, e.g., the calibration graph for flow injection analysis of NO3- was rectilinear over three orders of magnitude, and the detection limit was ~0.1 ppm with use of the glycine mobile phase.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '1', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 18:35:15', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00855', 'pauthor' => '!Baldwin, R.P.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1021/ac00169a030', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Flow injection analysis of electroinactive anions at a polyaniline electrode', Anal. Chem., 1988 60(18) 1979-1982', 'firstchar' => 'F', 'twochars' => 'Fl', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 4 => array( 'id' => '009962', 'authors' => 'Trojanowicz, M.A.;Krawczynski Vel Krawczyk, T.;Zmorzyska, M.;Campanella, L.', 'authorsweb' => 'Marek Trojanowicz *, Tadeusz Krawczyski vel Krawczyk, Magorzata Zmorzyska, Luigi Campanella ', 'title' => 'Amperometric sensing of ammonia in aqueous solutions using a polyaniline-modified electrode in flow injection systems', 'journal' => 'Electroanalysis', 'journal_id' => '1003', 'fadid' => 'ELAN1997V0009P01062', 'year' => '1997', 'volume' => '9', 'issue' => '14', 'startpage' => '1062', 'endpage' => '1066', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';0202;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0001;0146;0431;', 'keywords' => '', 'abstract' => 'Platinum electrode modified with polyaniline by electropolymerization exhibits amperometric sensitivity to nonprotonated ammonia in aqueous solutions in the anodic range of potentials. Sensitivity of response depends mostly on the kind of doping anions used and the polarization potential applied during measurements. This detection can be utilized for design of amperometric biosensors for urea.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '14', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 14:12:10', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00320', 'pauthor' => '!Trojanowicz, M.A.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1002/elan.1140091406', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Amperometric sensing of ammonia in aqueous solutions using a polyaniline-modified electrode in flow injection systems', Electroanalysis, 1997 9(14) 1062-1066', 'firstchar' => 'A', 'twochars' => 'Am', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array([maximum depth reached]) ), (int) 5 => array( 'id' => '013296', 'authors' => 'Bartlett, P.N.;Birkin, P.R.;Palmisano, F.;De Benedetto, G.E.', 'authorsweb' => 'Philip N. Bartlett, Peter R. Birkin, Francesco Palmisano and Giuseppe De Benedetto', 'title' => 'A study on the direct electrochemical communication between horseradish-peroxidase and a poly(aniline) modified electrode', 'journal' => 'J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans.', 'journal_id' => '1272', 'fadid' => 'JCSF1996V0092P03123', 'year' => '1996', 'volume' => '92', 'issue' => '17', 'startpage' => '3123', 'endpage' => '3130', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => '', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0054;0092;0112;0146;', 'keywords' => ';0147;', 'abstract' => 'Electrochemical communication between the redox active centre of the enzyme horseradish peroxidase (E.C.1.11.1.7), HRP, and the conducting polymer, poly(aniline), is shown to be possible and efficient:at pH 5. The interaction between HRP and the poly(aniline) film was studied employing flow injection analysis. Tbe:modified electrodes employed consisted of two carbon band electrodes (ca. 10 µm wide, 4.5 mm long:separated by a 20 µm gap) coated with an anodically grown:film of poly(aniline). HRP was deposited on top of the poly(aniline) film in one of two ways. In the first HRP was immobilized onto the poly(aniline) film in an insulating poly(1,2-diaminobenzene) polymer grown electrochemically on top of the poly(aniline) film. In the second, HRP was absorbed on to the surface of a poly(aniline) modified electrode. The effect of the potential of the poly(aniline) film and 'phenazine' concentration within the film on the efficiency of interaction between the redox centre of HRP and the conducting polymer film are reported.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'No', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '7', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 09:36:56', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'Bartlett, P.N.', 'address' => 'Department of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton, Hants SO17 1BJ England', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1039/ft9969203123', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''A study on the direct electrochemical communication between horseradish-peroxidase and a poly(aniline) modified electrode', J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans., 1996 92(17) 3123-3130', 'firstchar' => 'A', 'twochars' => 'A ', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ) ) ) $c = array( 'id' => '013296', 'authors' => 'Bartlett, P.N.;Birkin, P.R.;Palmisano, F.;De Benedetto, G.E.', 'authorsweb' => 'Philip N. Bartlett, Peter R. Birkin, Francesco Palmisano and Giuseppe De Benedetto', 'title' => 'A study on the direct electrochemical communication between horseradish-peroxidase and a poly(aniline) modified electrode', 'journal' => 'J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans.', 'journal_id' => '1272', 'fadid' => 'JCSF1996V0092P03123', 'year' => '1996', 'volume' => '92', 'issue' => '17', 'startpage' => '3123', 'endpage' => '3130', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => '', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0054;0092;0112;0146;', 'keywords' => ';0147;', 'abstract' => 'Electrochemical communication between the redox active centre of the enzyme horseradish peroxidase (E.C.1.11.1.7), HRP, and the conducting polymer, poly(aniline), is shown to be possible and efficient:at pH 5. The interaction between HRP and the poly(aniline) film was studied employing flow injection analysis. Tbe:modified electrodes employed consisted of two carbon band electrodes (ca. 10 µm wide, 4.5 mm long:separated by a 20 µm gap) coated with an anodically grown:film of poly(aniline). HRP was deposited on top of the poly(aniline) film in one of two ways. In the first HRP was immobilized onto the poly(aniline) film in an insulating poly(1,2-diaminobenzene) polymer grown electrochemically on top of the poly(aniline) film. In the second, HRP was absorbed on to the surface of a poly(aniline) modified electrode. The effect of the potential of the poly(aniline) film and 'phenazine' concentration within the film on the efficiency of interaction between the redox centre of HRP and the conducting polymer film are reported.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'No', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '7', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-12 09:36:56', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => null, 'pauthor' => 'Bartlett, P.N.', 'address' => 'Department of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton, Hants SO17 1BJ England', 'email' => 'NA', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1039/ft9969203123', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''A study on the direct electrochemical communication between horseradish-peroxidase and a poly(aniline) modified electrode', J. Chem. Soc. 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Birkin, Francesco Palmisano and Giuseppe De Benedetto'include - APP/View/Elements/citation.ctp, line 40 View::_evaluate() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 971 View::_render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 933 View::_renderElement() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 1224 View::element() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 418 include - APP/View/Techniques/view.ctp, line 52 View::_evaluate() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 971 View::_render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 933 View::render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 473 Controller::render() - CORE/Cake/Controller/Controller.php, line 968 Dispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/Cake/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 200 Dispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/Cake/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 167 [main] - APP/webroot/index.php, line 109
Abstract:
Electrochemical communication between the redox active centre of the enzyme horseradish peroxidase (E.C.1.11.1.7), HRP, and the conducting polymer, poly(aniline), is shown to be possible and efficient:at pH 5. The interaction between HRP and the poly(aniline) film was studied employing flow injection analysis. Tbe:modified electrodes employed consisted of two carbon band electrodes (ca. 10 µm wide, 4.5 mm long:separated by a 20 µm gap) coated with an anodically grown:film of poly(aniline). HRP was deposited on top of the poly(aniline) film in one of two ways. In the first HRP was immobilized onto the poly(aniline) film in an insulating poly(1,2-diaminobenzene) polymer grown electrochemically on top of the poly(aniline) film. In the second, HRP was absorbed on to the surface of a poly(aniline) modified electrode. The effect of the potential of the poly(aniline) film and 'phenazine' concentration within the film on the efficiency of interaction between the redox centre of HRP and the conducting polymer film are reported.
Enzyme