"Amperometric Determination Of Sympathomimetic Drugs By Flow Injection Analysis With A Metallic Copper Electrode"
Anal. Chim. Acta 1999 Volume 379, Issue 1-2 Pages 81-88

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			'abstract' => 'The sensor consisted of a polished Ag disc (0.9 cm o.d.) which was fixed to a small piece of polyethylene tubing (0.5 cm long, 1 cm o.d.) which was in turn fixed to the inner surface of a glass tube (7 cm long, 1 cm i.d.). The inner surface of the disc was soldered with Ag epoxy to the Cu core of a coaxial cable. A mixture consisting of 10 mg harmine or harmaline tetraphenylborate or reineckate, 352 mg dioctylphthalate or tributylphosphate, 187 mg PVC powder and 7 mL THF was prepared and packed into the sensor body. The solvent was allowed to evaporate to form a coating. The sensor was used in a FIA system using 0.1 M phosphate buffer of pH 4.6 as the carrier solution (5 ml/min). Potentiometric measurements were made relative to Ag/AgCl reference electrode. The response was linear from range 10 &micro;M to 10 mM with a detection limit of 2 &micro;g/ml. The effects of pH and the presence of foreign compounds were investigated.',
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"Potentiometric Flow Injection Determination Of Copper-complexing Organic Ligands With A Copper-wire Indicating Electrode"
Anal. Chim. Acta 1985 Volume 171, Issue 1 Pages 151-163

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			'citation' => ''Continuous-flow potentiometric monitoring of 2-amino-acids with copper-wire and tubular electrodes', Anal. Chem., 1981 53(11) 1590-1594',
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			'title' => 'Potentiometric flow injection determination of copper-complexing inorganic anions with a copper-wire indicator electrode',
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			'fadid' => 'ANCH1984V0056P02417',
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			'abstract' => 'The sample solution was injected into a carrier stream (2.8 to 6.0 mL min-1) of 10 mM or 100 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7) or 100 mM acetate buffer (pH 4.8). A copper wire (1.0 mm o.d.) was used as the indicator electrode, with a silver - AgCl reference electrode. The electrode gave a direct Nernstian response to anions such as P2O74-, P3O105-, CN-, SO32-, Cl-, I- and SCN- without the need for addition of Cu(II) to the carrier stream. The limit of detection was 0.75 nM',
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			'citation' => ''Potentiometric flow injection determination of copper-complexing inorganic anions with a copper-wire indicator electrode', Anal. Chem., 1984 56(13) 2417-2422',
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			'title' => 'Indirect potentiometric determination of metal ions by flow injection analysis with a copper electrode',
			'journal' => 'Anal. Lett.',
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			'abstract' => 'Injections of Mg, Ca, Pb, Co, Cu, Ni, Mn, Ba and Zn (60 &micro;M to 1 mM) into a stream of phosphate buffer solution containing EDTA and a copper wire (0.8 mm diameter), as an indicator sensitive to ligands that bind Cu ions, give peak heights dependent on both the metal ion and EDTA concentration. The theory of the method is presented; it is based on the partial complexation of EDTA present in the carrier stream. Block diagrams are given of the flow cell and the manifold of the flow system. Flow rates (ml min-1) of 4.2 (H2O) and 2.1 (EDTA) were used, with 75 &micro;L injections of samples into the carrier stream by means of a rotary injection valve.',
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			'citation' => ''Indirect potentiometric determination of metal ions by flow injection analysis with a copper electrode', Anal. Lett., 1984 17(4) 309-320',
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			'title' => 'Flow injection potentiometric determination of harmine and harmaline hallucinogens',
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"Response Characteristics Of A Potentiometric Detector With A Copper Metal Electrode For Flow Injection And Chromatographic Determinations Of Metal Ions"
Anal. Chim. Acta 1985 Volume 177, Issue 1 Pages 183-195

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		'abstract' => 'The nitrate salts of Ca, Ba, Al, Pb(II), Cd, Co(II), Cu(II), Ni(II), Mn(II) and Zn were injected into the stream of a flow injection system; a flow cell with a copper-wire electrode was used for detection. The carrier solution consisted of a buffered solution of some ligands, e.g., citric acid, EDTA, ethylenediamine, triethylenetetramine, L-glutamic acid and iminodiacetic acid. Potential changes due to introduction of the metal ions into the ligand flow stream were measured by a millivoltmeter interfaced to a recorder. The electrode response depended on the nature of the ligand in the carrier solution and on the stability of the metal complexes formed. The method was successfully applied for the chromatographic separation of some cations on a Wescan 269-004 cation-exchange resin column (25 cm x 4.6 mm). Rectilinear responses were obtained for analyte metal concentration. of 0.1 to 1.0 mM.',
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$data = array(
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		'id' => '0089',
		'label' => 'Electrode',
		'level1' => 'Electrode',
		'level2' => 'copper',
		'level3' => 'wire',
		'level4' => '',
		'level5' => '',
		'synonyms' => '',
		'champ' => '',
		'total' => '8',
		'updated' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
		'name' => 'Electrode, copper, wire',
		'nametotal' => 'Electrode, copper, wire**8',
		'first' => 'E'
	),
	'Citation' => array(
		(int) 0 => array(
			'id' => '000489',
			'authors' => 'Chicharro, M.;Zapardiel, A.;Bermejo, E.;Perez, J.A.;Hernandez, L.',
			'authorsweb' => 'M. Chicharro, A. Zapardiel, E. Bermejo, J. A. P&eacute;rez and L. Hern&aacute;ndez',
			'title' => 'Amperometric determination of sympathomimetic drugs by flow injection analysis with a metallic copper electrode',
			'journal' => 'Anal. Chim. Acta',
			'journal_id' => '0584',
			'fadid' => 'ANCA1999V0379P00081',
			'year' => '1999',
			'volume' => '379',
			'issue' => '1-2',
			'startpage' => '81',
			'endpage' => '88',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0862;1623;',
			'matrices' => '',
			'techniques' => ';0001;0089;',
			'keywords' => '',
			'abstract' => 'The detection and determination of sympathomimetic drugs in flow injection systems with an amperometric method based on a metallic copper wire electrode is described. The copper electrode is shown to give sensitive response toward sympathomimetic drugs, especially for norephedrine in flow injection analysis. The copper electrodes require no pretreatment except polishing before use. Furthermore, the copper working electrode shows stable response in such a system and the relative standard deviation is only 4.6% for 30 consecutive norephedrine injections at a 0.15 mM level. A detection limit of 10^-9 mol (0.15 &micro;g norephedrine) for a sample loop of 0.1 mi was obtained at a fixed potential of +0.6 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) in NaOH 0.1 M and a Bow rate of 2.0 ml/min.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '2003-02-17 01:20:01',
			'hits' => '2',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 16:29:17',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '00401',
			'pauthor' => '!Chicharro, M.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1016/S0003-2670(98)00656-4',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Amperometric determination of sympathomimetic drugs by flow injection analysis with a metallic copper electrode', Anal. Chim. Acta, 1999 379(1-2) 81-88',
			'firstchar' => 'A',
			'twochars' => 'Am',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
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		),
		(int) 1 => array(
			'id' => '004752',
			'authors' => 'Alexander, P.W.;Haddad, P.R.;Trojanowicz, M.A.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Peter W. Alexander, Paul R. Haddad and Marek Trojanowicz',
			'title' => 'Potentiometric flow injection determination of copper-complexing organic ligands with a copper-wire indicating electrode',
			'journal' => 'Anal. Chim. Acta',
			'journal_id' => '0584',
			'fadid' => 'ANCA1985V0171P00151',
			'year' => '1985',
			'volume' => '171',
			'issue' => '1',
			'startpage' => '151',
			'endpage' => '163',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';1664;0148;0160;',
			'matrices' => '',
			'techniques' => ';0089;0400;',
			'keywords' => ';0089;',
			'abstract' => 'The cited method, involving use of a phosphate-buffered carrier stream, was applied to the determination of various such ligands including amino-acids and amines. The copper-wire electrode exhibited Nernstian response to total ligand concentration. over limited ranges, depending on the stoicheiometry, stability and oxidation state of the Cu complex; limits were 0.1 mM. Addition of Cl- (as 0.1 M HCl) to the carrier stream improved the response of the electrode in some instances; and addition of 0.01 mM Cu(II) improved the detection limit to 0.01 mM, but limited the range of Nernstian response to one order of magnitude of the ligand concentration.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '6',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 15:47:42',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '00320',
			'pauthor' => '!Trojanowicz, M.A.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1016/S0003-2670(00)84192-6',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Potentiometric flow injection determination of copper-complexing organic ligands with a copper-wire indicating electrode', Anal. Chim. Acta, 1985 171(1) 151-163',
			'firstchar' => 'P',
			'twochars' => 'Po',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
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		),
		(int) 2 => array(
			'id' => '004783',
			'authors' => 'Alexander, P.W.;Haddad, P.R.;Trojanowicz, M.A.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Peter W. Alexander and Paul R. Haddad, Marek Trojanowicz',
			'title' => 'Response characteristics of a potentiometric detector with a copper metal electrode for flow injection and chromatographic determinations of metal ions',
			'journal' => 'Anal. Chim. Acta',
			'journal_id' => '0584',
			'fadid' => 'ANCA1985V0177P00183',
			'year' => '1985',
			'volume' => '177',
			'issue' => '1',
			'startpage' => '183',
			'endpage' => '195',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0130;0362;0478;0485;0673;0686;1360;1431;1576;2529;',
			'matrices' => '',
			'techniques' => ';0089;0400;',
			'keywords' => ';0089;0136;',
			'abstract' => 'The nitrate salts of Ca, Ba, Al, Pb(II), Cd, Co(II), Cu(II), Ni(II), Mn(II) and Zn were injected into the stream of a flow injection system; a flow cell with a copper-wire electrode was used for detection. The carrier solution consisted of a buffered solution of some ligands, e.g., citric acid, EDTA, ethylenediamine, triethylenetetramine, L-glutamic acid and iminodiacetic acid. Potential changes due to introduction of the metal ions into the ligand flow stream were measured by a millivoltmeter interfaced to a recorder. The electrode response depended on the nature of the ligand in the carrier solution and on the stability of the metal complexes formed. The method was successfully applied for the chromatographic separation of some cations on a Wescan 269-004 cation-exchange resin column (25 cm x 4.6 mm). Rectilinear responses were obtained for analyte metal concentration. of 0.1 to 1.0 mM.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '15',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 15:48:24',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '00320',
			'pauthor' => '!Trojanowicz, M.A.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1016/S0003-2670(00)82950-5',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Response characteristics of a potentiometric detector with a copper metal electrode for flow injection and chromatographic determinations of metal ions', Anal. Chim. Acta, 1985 177(1) 183-195',
			'firstchar' => 'R',
			'twochars' => 'Re',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
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				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 3 => array(
			'id' => '008271',
			'authors' => 'Alexander, P.W.;Maitra, C.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Peter W. Alexander and Carmelita Maitra',
			'title' => 'Continuous-flow potentiometric monitoring of 2-amino-acids with copper-wire and tubular electrodes',
			'journal' => 'Anal. Chem.',
			'journal_id' => '0499',
			'fadid' => 'ANCH1981V0053P01590',
			'year' => '1981',
			'volume' => '53',
			'issue' => '11',
			'startpage' => '1590',
			'endpage' => '1594',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0160;1106;',
			'matrices' => '',
			'techniques' => ';0089;0088;0400;',
			'keywords' => '',
			'abstract' => 'A novel method for detection of amino acids in a continuous-flow system is reported with copper wire or copper tubular electrodes as potentiometric detectors. The copper electrodes are shown to respond to the anionic form of amino acids without addition of Cu(II) to the flow system, with a response dependent on flow rate, buffer pH, and the type of amino acid. At pH 7.1, 10 amino acids are determined in the continuous-flow system at concentrations as low as 1.0 X IOd M with a stable base line potential and freedom from electrode poisoning except in the case of cysteine. The wire electrode is shown to be useful as a universal detector for amino acids.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2014-11-12 17:41:05',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '4',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 18:32:11',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '00008',
			'pauthor' => '!Alexander, P.W.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => 'Not DOI assigned. Use issue url',
			'url' => '10.1021/ac00234a013',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Continuous-flow potentiometric monitoring of 2-amino-acids with copper-wire and tubular electrodes', Anal. Chem., 1981 53(11) 1590-1594',
			'firstchar' => 'C',
			'twochars' => 'Co',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
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			'Keyword' => array([maximum depth reached])
		),
		(int) 4 => array(
			'id' => '008354',
			'authors' => 'Alexander, P.W.;Haddad, P.R.;Trojanowicz, M.A.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Peter W. Alexander, Paul R. Haddad, and Marek Trojanowicz',
			'title' => 'Potentiometric flow injection determination of copper-complexing inorganic anions with a copper-wire indicator electrode',
			'journal' => 'Anal. Chem.',
			'journal_id' => '0499',
			'fadid' => 'ANCH1984V0056P02417',
			'year' => '1984',
			'volume' => '56',
			'issue' => '13',
			'startpage' => '2417',
			'endpage' => '2422',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;0716;1275;1841;2242;2054;2429;',
			'matrices' => '',
			'techniques' => ';0089;0273;0400;',
			'keywords' => '',
			'abstract' => 'The sample solution was injected into a carrier stream (2.8 to 6.0 mL min-1) of 10 mM or 100 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7) or 100 mM acetate buffer (pH 4.8). A copper wire (1.0 mm o.d.) was used as the indicator electrode, with a silver - AgCl reference electrode. The electrode gave a direct Nernstian response to anions such as P2O74-, P3O105-, CN-, SO32-, Cl-, I- and SCN- without the need for addition of Cu(II) to the carrier stream. The limit of detection was 0.75 nM',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2014-11-10 11:36:28',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '10',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 18:33:25',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '00008',
			'pauthor' => '!Alexander, P.W.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => 'Not DOI assigned. Use issue url',
			'url' => '10.1021/ac00277a037',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Potentiometric flow injection determination of copper-complexing inorganic anions with a copper-wire indicator electrode', Anal. Chem., 1984 56(13) 2417-2422',
			'firstchar' => 'P',
			'twochars' => 'Po',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
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				[maximum depth reached]
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		(int) 5 => array(
			'id' => '009549',
			'authors' => 'Alexander, P.W.;Trojanowicz, M.A.;Haddad, P.R.',
			'authorsweb' => 'P. W. Alexander;  M. Trojanowicz; P. R. Haddad',
			'title' => 'Indirect potentiometric determination of metal ions by flow injection analysis with a copper electrode',
			'journal' => 'Anal. Lett.',
			'journal_id' => '0820',
			'fadid' => 'ANLE1984V0017P00309',
			'year' => '1984',
			'volume' => '17',
			'issue' => '4',
			'startpage' => '309',
			'endpage' => '320',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';1462;1412;0485;1359;0672;0684;1575;1430;0362;2529;',
			'matrices' => '',
			'techniques' => ';0089;0273;0400;',
			'keywords' => ';0136;0089;0212;',
			'abstract' => 'Injections of Mg, Ca, Pb, Co, Cu, Ni, Mn, Ba and Zn (60 &micro;M to 1 mM) into a stream of phosphate buffer solution containing EDTA and a copper wire (0.8 mm diameter), as an indicator sensitive to ligands that bind Cu ions, give peak heights dependent on both the metal ion and EDTA concentration. The theory of the method is presented; it is based on the partial complexation of EDTA present in the carrier stream. Block diagrams are given of the flow cell and the manifold of the flow system. Flow rates (ml min-1) of 4.2 (H2O) and 2.1 (EDTA) were used, with 75 &micro;L injections of samples into the carrier stream by means of a rotary injection valve.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '2007-03-24 01:05:54',
			'hits' => '0',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 22:04:32',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '00320',
			'pauthor' => '!Trojanowicz, M.A.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1080/00032718408065288',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Indirect potentiometric determination of metal ions by flow injection analysis with a copper electrode', Anal. Lett., 1984 17(4) 309-320',
			'firstchar' => 'I',
			'twochars' => 'In',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
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			'Keyword' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
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		),
		(int) 6 => array(
			'id' => '009903',
			'authors' => 'Hassan, S.S.M.;Elnemma, E.M.;Hamada, M.A.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Saad S. M. Hassan, Eman M. Elnemma, Marawan A. Hamada',
			'title' => 'Flow injection potentiometric determination of harmine and harmaline hallucinogens',
			'journal' => 'Electroanalysis',
			'journal_id' => '1003',
			'fadid' => 'ELAN1995V0007P00656',
			'year' => '1995',
			'volume' => '7',
			'issue' => '7',
			'startpage' => '656',
			'endpage' => '659',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';1144;1145;',
			'matrices' => '',
			'techniques' => ';0400;0089;0080;',
			'keywords' => ';0217;',
			'abstract' => 'The sensor consisted of a polished Ag disc (0.9 cm o.d.) which was fixed to a small piece of polyethylene tubing (0.5 cm long, 1 cm o.d.) which was in turn fixed to the inner surface of a glass tube (7 cm long, 1 cm i.d.). The inner surface of the disc was soldered with Ag epoxy to the Cu core of a coaxial cable. A mixture consisting of 10 mg harmine or harmaline tetraphenylborate or reineckate, 352 mg dioctylphthalate or tributylphosphate, 187 mg PVC powder and 7 mL THF was prepared and packed into the sensor body. The solvent was allowed to evaporate to form a coating. The sensor was used in a FIA system using 0.1 M phosphate buffer of pH 4.6 as the carrier solution (5 ml/min). Potentiometric measurements were made relative to Ag/AgCl reference electrode. The response was linear from range 10 &micro;M to 10 mM with a detection limit of 2 &micro;g/ml. The effects of pH and the presence of foreign compounds were investigated.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '8',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 14:10:30',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '00191',
			'pauthor' => '!Hassan, S.S.M.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1002/elan.1140070711',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'no',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Flow injection potentiometric determination of harmine and harmaline hallucinogens', Electroanalysis, 1995 7(7) 656-659',
			'firstchar' => 'F',
			'twochars' => 'Fl',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
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				[maximum depth reached]
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		),
		(int) 7 => array(
			'id' => '010214',
			'authors' => 'Chen, Z.L.;Hibbert, D.B.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Z. -L Chen and D. B Hibbert*',
			'title' => 'Simultaneous amperometric and potentiometric detection of sugars, polyols and carboxylic acids in flow systems using copper wire electrodes',
			'journal' => 'J. Chromatogr. A',
			'journal_id' => '0619',
			'fadid' => 'JCRA1997V0766P00027',
			'year' => '1997',
			'volume' => '766',
			'issue' => '1-2',
			'startpage' => '27',
			'endpage' => '33',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0535;1923;2217;1103;1001;1057;0931;0660;0009;',
			'matrices' => '',
			'techniques' => ';0001;0030;0400;0089;',
			'keywords' => ';0086;',
			'abstract' => 'The use of polished Cu wire electrodes (3 cm x 0.5 mm o.d.) for electrochemical detection was evaluated by cyclic voltammetry and FIA with amperometric and potentiometric detection. Sugars and polyols were amperometrically detected at 0.5 V vs. Ag/AgCl in 100 mM NaOH; calibration graphs were linear from 1-1000 &micro;M and detection limits were 2 pmol glycerol, 5 pmol fructose and glucose and 80 pmol ethanol. Carboxylic acids were potentiometrically detected in aqueous solution; calibration graphs were linear from 0.01-1 mM and detection limits were 10 pmol citric acid and 50 pmol acetic acid. The RSD (n = 5) were 2-3% for all analytes. The electrodes were then used in the analysis of a portion (10 &micro;L) of a mixed solution of the analytes by ion-exclusion chromatography on a Bio-RAD HPX-87H column (dimensions not given) at 30&deg;C with water of pH 5.5 as mobile phase (0.5 ml/min). The eluate was initially detected by potentiometry then merged with a flow (0.5 ml/min) of 100 mM NaOH solution prior to amperometric detection (chromatogram shown).',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '18',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 19:08:39',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '01010',
			'pauthor' => '!Hibbert, D.B.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1016/S0021-9673(96)00971-5',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Simultaneous amperometric and potentiometric detection of sugars, polyols and carboxylic acids in flow systems using copper wire electrodes', J. Chromatogr. A, 1997 766(1-2) 27-33',
			'firstchar' => 'S',
			'twochars' => 'Si',
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	'id' => '004783',
	'authors' => 'Alexander, P.W.;Haddad, P.R.;Trojanowicz, M.A.',
	'authorsweb' => 'Peter W. Alexander and Paul R. Haddad, Marek Trojanowicz',
	'title' => 'Response characteristics of a potentiometric detector with a copper metal electrode for flow injection and chromatographic determinations of metal ions',
	'journal' => 'Anal. Chim. Acta',
	'journal_id' => '0584',
	'fadid' => 'ANCA1985V0177P00183',
	'year' => '1985',
	'volume' => '177',
	'issue' => '1',
	'startpage' => '183',
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"Continuous-flow Potentiometric Monitoring Of 2-amino-acids With Copper-wire And Tubular Electrodes"
Anal. Chem. 1981 Volume 53, Issue 11 Pages 1590-1594

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			'title' => 'Potentiometric flow injection determination of copper-complexing organic ligands with a copper-wire indicating electrode',
			'journal' => 'Anal. Chim. Acta',
			'journal_id' => '0584',
			'fadid' => 'ANCA1985V0171P00151',
			'year' => '1985',
			'volume' => '171',
			'issue' => '1',
			'startpage' => '151',
			'endpage' => '163',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';1664;0148;0160;',
			'matrices' => '',
			'techniques' => ';0089;0400;',
			'keywords' => ';0089;',
			'abstract' => 'The cited method, involving use of a phosphate-buffered carrier stream, was applied to the determination of various such ligands including amino-acids and amines. The copper-wire electrode exhibited Nernstian response to total ligand concentration. over limited ranges, depending on the stoicheiometry, stability and oxidation state of the Cu complex; limits were 0.1 mM. Addition of Cl- (as 0.1 M HCl) to the carrier stream improved the response of the electrode in some instances; and addition of 0.01 mM Cu(II) improved the detection limit to 0.01 mM, but limited the range of Nernstian response to one order of magnitude of the ligand concentration.',
			'language' => 'English',
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			'pauthor_id' => '00320',
			'pauthor' => '!Trojanowicz, M.A.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1016/S0003-2670(00)84192-6',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
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			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Potentiometric flow injection determination of copper-complexing organic ligands with a copper-wire indicating electrode', Anal. Chim. Acta, 1985 171(1) 151-163',
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			'authors' => 'Alexander, P.W.;Haddad, P.R.;Trojanowicz, M.A.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Peter W. Alexander and Paul R. Haddad, Marek Trojanowicz',
			'title' => 'Response characteristics of a potentiometric detector with a copper metal electrode for flow injection and chromatographic determinations of metal ions',
			'journal' => 'Anal. Chim. Acta',
			'journal_id' => '0584',
			'fadid' => 'ANCA1985V0177P00183',
			'year' => '1985',
			'volume' => '177',
			'issue' => '1',
			'startpage' => '183',
			'endpage' => '195',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0130;0362;0478;0485;0673;0686;1360;1431;1576;2529;',
			'matrices' => '',
			'techniques' => ';0089;0400;',
			'keywords' => ';0089;0136;',
			'abstract' => 'The nitrate salts of Ca, Ba, Al, Pb(II), Cd, Co(II), Cu(II), Ni(II), Mn(II) and Zn were injected into the stream of a flow injection system; a flow cell with a copper-wire electrode was used for detection. The carrier solution consisted of a buffered solution of some ligands, e.g., citric acid, EDTA, ethylenediamine, triethylenetetramine, L-glutamic acid and iminodiacetic acid. Potential changes due to introduction of the metal ions into the ligand flow stream were measured by a millivoltmeter interfaced to a recorder. The electrode response depended on the nature of the ligand in the carrier solution and on the stability of the metal complexes formed. The method was successfully applied for the chromatographic separation of some cations on a Wescan 269-004 cation-exchange resin column (25 cm x 4.6 mm). Rectilinear responses were obtained for analyte metal concentration. of 0.1 to 1.0 mM.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
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			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1016/S0003-2670(00)82950-5',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
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			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Response characteristics of a potentiometric detector with a copper metal electrode for flow injection and chromatographic determinations of metal ions', Anal. Chim. Acta, 1985 177(1) 183-195',
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		(int) 3 => array(
			'id' => '008271',
			'authors' => 'Alexander, P.W.;Maitra, C.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Peter W. Alexander and Carmelita Maitra',
			'title' => 'Continuous-flow potentiometric monitoring of 2-amino-acids with copper-wire and tubular electrodes',
			'journal' => 'Anal. Chem.',
			'journal_id' => '0499',
			'fadid' => 'ANCH1981V0053P01590',
			'year' => '1981',
			'volume' => '53',
			'issue' => '11',
			'startpage' => '1590',
			'endpage' => '1594',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0160;1106;',
			'matrices' => '',
			'techniques' => ';0089;0088;0400;',
			'keywords' => '',
			'abstract' => 'A novel method for detection of amino acids in a continuous-flow system is reported with copper wire or copper tubular electrodes as potentiometric detectors. The copper electrodes are shown to respond to the anionic form of amino acids without addition of Cu(II) to the flow system, with a response dependent on flow rate, buffer pH, and the type of amino acid. At pH 7.1, 10 amino acids are determined in the continuous-flow system at concentrations as low as 1.0 X IOd M with a stable base line potential and freedom from electrode poisoning except in the case of cysteine. The wire electrode is shown to be useful as a universal detector for amino acids.',
			'language' => 'English',
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			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => 'Not DOI assigned. Use issue url',
			'url' => '10.1021/ac00234a013',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Continuous-flow potentiometric monitoring of 2-amino-acids with copper-wire and tubular electrodes', Anal. Chem., 1981 53(11) 1590-1594',
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			'authors' => 'Alexander, P.W.;Haddad, P.R.;Trojanowicz, M.A.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Peter W. Alexander, Paul R. Haddad, and Marek Trojanowicz',
			'title' => 'Potentiometric flow injection determination of copper-complexing inorganic anions with a copper-wire indicator electrode',
			'journal' => 'Anal. Chem.',
			'journal_id' => '0499',
			'fadid' => 'ANCH1984V0056P02417',
			'year' => '1984',
			'volume' => '56',
			'issue' => '13',
			'startpage' => '2417',
			'endpage' => '2422',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;0716;1275;1841;2242;2054;2429;',
			'matrices' => '',
			'techniques' => ';0089;0273;0400;',
			'keywords' => '',
			'abstract' => 'The sample solution was injected into a carrier stream (2.8 to 6.0 mL min-1) of 10 mM or 100 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7) or 100 mM acetate buffer (pH 4.8). A copper wire (1.0 mm o.d.) was used as the indicator electrode, with a silver - AgCl reference electrode. The electrode gave a direct Nernstian response to anions such as P2O74-, P3O105-, CN-, SO32-, Cl-, I- and SCN- without the need for addition of Cu(II) to the carrier stream. The limit of detection was 0.75 nM',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2014-11-10 11:36:28',
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			'hits' => '10',
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			'pauthor_id' => '00008',
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			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => 'Not DOI assigned. Use issue url',
			'url' => '10.1021/ac00277a037',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Potentiometric flow injection determination of copper-complexing inorganic anions with a copper-wire indicator electrode', Anal. Chem., 1984 56(13) 2417-2422',
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			'id' => '009549',
			'authors' => 'Alexander, P.W.;Trojanowicz, M.A.;Haddad, P.R.',
			'authorsweb' => 'P. W. Alexander;  M. Trojanowicz; P. R. Haddad',
			'title' => 'Indirect potentiometric determination of metal ions by flow injection analysis with a copper electrode',
			'journal' => 'Anal. Lett.',
			'journal_id' => '0820',
			'fadid' => 'ANLE1984V0017P00309',
			'year' => '1984',
			'volume' => '17',
			'issue' => '4',
			'startpage' => '309',
			'endpage' => '320',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
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			'matrices' => '',
			'techniques' => ';0089;0273;0400;',
			'keywords' => ';0136;0089;0212;',
			'abstract' => 'Injections of Mg, Ca, Pb, Co, Cu, Ni, Mn, Ba and Zn (60 &micro;M to 1 mM) into a stream of phosphate buffer solution containing EDTA and a copper wire (0.8 mm diameter), as an indicator sensitive to ligands that bind Cu ions, give peak heights dependent on both the metal ion and EDTA concentration. The theory of the method is presented; it is based on the partial complexation of EDTA present in the carrier stream. Block diagrams are given of the flow cell and the manifold of the flow system. Flow rates (ml min-1) of 4.2 (H2O) and 2.1 (EDTA) were used, with 75 &micro;L injections of samples into the carrier stream by means of a rotary injection valve.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
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			'hits' => '0',
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			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1080/00032718408065288',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Indirect potentiometric determination of metal ions by flow injection analysis with a copper electrode', Anal. Lett., 1984 17(4) 309-320',
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		(int) 6 => array(
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			'authors' => 'Hassan, S.S.M.;Elnemma, E.M.;Hamada, M.A.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Saad S. M. Hassan, Eman M. Elnemma, Marawan A. Hamada',
			'title' => 'Flow injection potentiometric determination of harmine and harmaline hallucinogens',
			'journal' => 'Electroanalysis',
			'journal_id' => '1003',
			'fadid' => 'ELAN1995V0007P00656',
			'year' => '1995',
			'volume' => '7',
			'issue' => '7',
			'startpage' => '656',
			'endpage' => '659',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';1144;1145;',
			'matrices' => '',
			'techniques' => ';0400;0089;0080;',
			'keywords' => ';0217;',
			'abstract' => 'The sensor consisted of a polished Ag disc (0.9 cm o.d.) which was fixed to a small piece of polyethylene tubing (0.5 cm long, 1 cm o.d.) which was in turn fixed to the inner surface of a glass tube (7 cm long, 1 cm i.d.). The inner surface of the disc was soldered with Ag epoxy to the Cu core of a coaxial cable. A mixture consisting of 10 mg harmine or harmaline tetraphenylborate or reineckate, 352 mg dioctylphthalate or tributylphosphate, 187 mg PVC powder and 7 mL THF was prepared and packed into the sensor body. The solvent was allowed to evaporate to form a coating. The sensor was used in a FIA system using 0.1 M phosphate buffer of pH 4.6 as the carrier solution (5 ml/min). Potentiometric measurements were made relative to Ag/AgCl reference electrode. The response was linear from range 10 &micro;M to 10 mM with a detection limit of 2 &micro;g/ml. The effects of pH and the presence of foreign compounds were investigated.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
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			'pauthor_id' => '00191',
			'pauthor' => '!Hassan, S.S.M.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1002/elan.1140070711',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'no',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Flow injection potentiometric determination of harmine and harmaline hallucinogens', Electroanalysis, 1995 7(7) 656-659',
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			'twochars' => 'Fl',
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			'authors' => 'Chen, Z.L.;Hibbert, D.B.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Z. -L Chen and D. B Hibbert*',
			'title' => 'Simultaneous amperometric and potentiometric detection of sugars, polyols and carboxylic acids in flow systems using copper wire electrodes',
			'journal' => 'J. Chromatogr. A',
			'journal_id' => '0619',
			'fadid' => 'JCRA1997V0766P00027',
			'year' => '1997',
			'volume' => '766',
			'issue' => '1-2',
			'startpage' => '27',
			'endpage' => '33',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
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			'techniques' => ';0001;0030;0400;0089;',
			'keywords' => ';0086;',
			'abstract' => 'The use of polished Cu wire electrodes (3 cm x 0.5 mm o.d.) for electrochemical detection was evaluated by cyclic voltammetry and FIA with amperometric and potentiometric detection. Sugars and polyols were amperometrically detected at 0.5 V vs. Ag/AgCl in 100 mM NaOH; calibration graphs were linear from 1-1000 &micro;M and detection limits were 2 pmol glycerol, 5 pmol fructose and glucose and 80 pmol ethanol. Carboxylic acids were potentiometrically detected in aqueous solution; calibration graphs were linear from 0.01-1 mM and detection limits were 10 pmol citric acid and 50 pmol acetic acid. The RSD (n = 5) were 2-3% for all analytes. The electrodes were then used in the analysis of a portion (10 &micro;L) of a mixed solution of the analytes by ion-exclusion chromatography on a Bio-RAD HPX-87H column (dimensions not given) at 30&deg;C with water of pH 5.5 as mobile phase (0.5 ml/min). The eluate was initially detected by potentiometry then merged with a flow (0.5 ml/min) of 100 mM NaOH solution prior to amperometric detection (chromatogram shown).',
			'language' => 'English',
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			'pauthor' => '!Hibbert, D.B.',
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			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1016/S0021-9673(96)00971-5',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Simultaneous amperometric and potentiometric detection of sugars, polyols and carboxylic acids in flow systems using copper wire electrodes', J. Chromatogr. A, 1997 766(1-2) 27-33',
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	'authors' => 'Alexander, P.W.;Maitra, C.',
	'authorsweb' => 'Peter W. Alexander and Carmelita Maitra',
	'title' => 'Continuous-flow potentiometric monitoring of 2-amino-acids with copper-wire and tubular electrodes',
	'journal' => 'Anal. Chem.',
	'journal_id' => '0499',
	'fadid' => 'ANCH1981V0053P01590',
	'year' => '1981',
	'volume' => '53',
	'issue' => '11',
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	'abstract' => 'A novel method for detection of amino acids in a continuous-flow system is reported with copper wire or copper tubular electrodes as potentiometric detectors. The copper electrodes are shown to respond to the anionic form of amino acids without addition of Cu(II) to the flow system, with a response dependent on flow rate, buffer pH, and the type of amino acid. At pH 7.1, 10 amino acids are determined in the continuous-flow system at concentrations as low as 1.0 X IOd M with a stable base line potential and freedom from electrode poisoning except in the case of cysteine. The wire electrode is shown to be useful as a universal detector for amino acids.',
	'language' => 'English',
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	'citation' => ''Continuous-flow potentiometric monitoring of 2-amino-acids with copper-wire and tubular electrodes', Anal. Chem., 1981 53(11) 1590-1594',
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			'name' => 'Amino Acids',
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			'casrn' => 'NA',
			'synonyms' => 'alanine; arginine; asparagine; aspartic acid; cysteine; glutamine; glutamic acid; glycine; histidine; isoleucine; leucine; lysine; methionine; phenylalanine; proline; serine; threonine; tryptophan; tyrosin; valine',
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			'name' => 'Glycine',
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			'casrn' => '56-40-6',
			'synonyms' => 'Acetic acid, amino-; Aciport; Aminoacetic acid; Aminoethanoic acid; Glicoamin; Glycocoll; Glycolixir; Glycosthene; Padil; NH2CH2COOH; Glycine U.S.P. XIX; Amitone; Glycine, non-medical; Hampshire glycine; Amino acid; Athenon; component of Corilin; G salt; Gly; Glycine-iron sulfate (1:1); Glycine, free base; Gyn-hydralin; Iconyl; Monazol',
			'total' => '11',
			'inchi' => 'InChI=1S/C2H5NO2/c3-1-2(4)5/h1,3H2,(H,4,5)',
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			'formula' => 'C2H5NO2',
			'oxstate' => 'Zero',
			'url' => '',
			'charge' => '0',
			'class1' => 'Biological',
			'class2' => 'NA',
			'class3' => 'NA',
			'class4' => 'Molecule',
			'class5' => 'Amino acids',
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			'checked' => 'yes',
			'citation_count' => '0',
			'updated' => '2015-10-23 09:59:12',
			'first' => 'G',
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"Potentiometric Flow Injection Determination Of Copper-complexing Inorganic Anions With A Copper-wire Indicator Electrode"
Anal. Chem. 1984 Volume 56, Issue 13 Pages 2417-2422

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"Indirect Potentiometric Determination Of Metal Ions By Flow Injection Analysis With A Copper Electrode"
Anal. Lett. 1984 Volume 17, Issue 4 Pages 309-320

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			'abstract' => 'The detection and determination of sympathomimetic drugs in flow injection systems with an amperometric method based on a metallic copper wire electrode is described. The copper electrode is shown to give sensitive response toward sympathomimetic drugs, especially for norephedrine in flow injection analysis. The copper electrodes require no pretreatment except polishing before use. Furthermore, the copper working electrode shows stable response in such a system and the relative standard deviation is only 4.6% for 30 consecutive norephedrine injections at a 0.15 mM level. A detection limit of 10^-9 mol (0.15 &micro;g norephedrine) for a sample loop of 0.1 mi was obtained at a fixed potential of +0.6 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) in NaOH 0.1 M and a Bow rate of 2.0 ml/min.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
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			'sjccheckdate' => '2003-02-17 01:20:01',
			'hits' => '2',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 16:29:17',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '00401',
			'pauthor' => '!Chicharro, M.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1016/S0003-2670(98)00656-4',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Amperometric determination of sympathomimetic drugs by flow injection analysis with a metallic copper electrode', Anal. Chim. Acta, 1999 379(1-2) 81-88',
			'firstchar' => 'A',
			'twochars' => 'Am',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
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		(int) 1 => array(
			'id' => '004752',
			'authors' => 'Alexander, P.W.;Haddad, P.R.;Trojanowicz, M.A.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Peter W. Alexander, Paul R. Haddad and Marek Trojanowicz',
			'title' => 'Potentiometric flow injection determination of copper-complexing organic ligands with a copper-wire indicating electrode',
			'journal' => 'Anal. Chim. Acta',
			'journal_id' => '0584',
			'fadid' => 'ANCA1985V0171P00151',
			'year' => '1985',
			'volume' => '171',
			'issue' => '1',
			'startpage' => '151',
			'endpage' => '163',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';1664;0148;0160;',
			'matrices' => '',
			'techniques' => ';0089;0400;',
			'keywords' => ';0089;',
			'abstract' => 'The cited method, involving use of a phosphate-buffered carrier stream, was applied to the determination of various such ligands including amino-acids and amines. The copper-wire electrode exhibited Nernstian response to total ligand concentration. over limited ranges, depending on the stoicheiometry, stability and oxidation state of the Cu complex; limits were 0.1 mM. Addition of Cl- (as 0.1 M HCl) to the carrier stream improved the response of the electrode in some instances; and addition of 0.01 mM Cu(II) improved the detection limit to 0.01 mM, but limited the range of Nernstian response to one order of magnitude of the ligand concentration.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
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			'hits' => '6',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 15:47:42',
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			'pauthor_id' => '00320',
			'pauthor' => '!Trojanowicz, M.A.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1016/S0003-2670(00)84192-6',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Potentiometric flow injection determination of copper-complexing organic ligands with a copper-wire indicating electrode', Anal. Chim. Acta, 1985 171(1) 151-163',
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			'twochars' => 'Po',
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			'id' => '004783',
			'authors' => 'Alexander, P.W.;Haddad, P.R.;Trojanowicz, M.A.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Peter W. Alexander and Paul R. Haddad, Marek Trojanowicz',
			'title' => 'Response characteristics of a potentiometric detector with a copper metal electrode for flow injection and chromatographic determinations of metal ions',
			'journal' => 'Anal. Chim. Acta',
			'journal_id' => '0584',
			'fadid' => 'ANCA1985V0177P00183',
			'year' => '1985',
			'volume' => '177',
			'issue' => '1',
			'startpage' => '183',
			'endpage' => '195',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0130;0362;0478;0485;0673;0686;1360;1431;1576;2529;',
			'matrices' => '',
			'techniques' => ';0089;0400;',
			'keywords' => ';0089;0136;',
			'abstract' => 'The nitrate salts of Ca, Ba, Al, Pb(II), Cd, Co(II), Cu(II), Ni(II), Mn(II) and Zn were injected into the stream of a flow injection system; a flow cell with a copper-wire electrode was used for detection. The carrier solution consisted of a buffered solution of some ligands, e.g., citric acid, EDTA, ethylenediamine, triethylenetetramine, L-glutamic acid and iminodiacetic acid. Potential changes due to introduction of the metal ions into the ligand flow stream were measured by a millivoltmeter interfaced to a recorder. The electrode response depended on the nature of the ligand in the carrier solution and on the stability of the metal complexes formed. The method was successfully applied for the chromatographic separation of some cations on a Wescan 269-004 cation-exchange resin column (25 cm x 4.6 mm). Rectilinear responses were obtained for analyte metal concentration. of 0.1 to 1.0 mM.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '15',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 15:48:24',
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			'pauthor_id' => '00320',
			'pauthor' => '!Trojanowicz, M.A.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1016/S0003-2670(00)82950-5',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Response characteristics of a potentiometric detector with a copper metal electrode for flow injection and chromatographic determinations of metal ions', Anal. Chim. Acta, 1985 177(1) 183-195',
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			'twochars' => 'Re',
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				[maximum depth reached]
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		),
		(int) 3 => array(
			'id' => '008271',
			'authors' => 'Alexander, P.W.;Maitra, C.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Peter W. Alexander and Carmelita Maitra',
			'title' => 'Continuous-flow potentiometric monitoring of 2-amino-acids with copper-wire and tubular electrodes',
			'journal' => 'Anal. Chem.',
			'journal_id' => '0499',
			'fadid' => 'ANCH1981V0053P01590',
			'year' => '1981',
			'volume' => '53',
			'issue' => '11',
			'startpage' => '1590',
			'endpage' => '1594',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0160;1106;',
			'matrices' => '',
			'techniques' => ';0089;0088;0400;',
			'keywords' => '',
			'abstract' => 'A novel method for detection of amino acids in a continuous-flow system is reported with copper wire or copper tubular electrodes as potentiometric detectors. The copper electrodes are shown to respond to the anionic form of amino acids without addition of Cu(II) to the flow system, with a response dependent on flow rate, buffer pH, and the type of amino acid. At pH 7.1, 10 amino acids are determined in the continuous-flow system at concentrations as low as 1.0 X IOd M with a stable base line potential and freedom from electrode poisoning except in the case of cysteine. The wire electrode is shown to be useful as a universal detector for amino acids.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2014-11-12 17:41:05',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '4',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 18:32:11',
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			'pauthor_id' => '00008',
			'pauthor' => '!Alexander, P.W.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => 'Not DOI assigned. Use issue url',
			'url' => '10.1021/ac00234a013',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Continuous-flow potentiometric monitoring of 2-amino-acids with copper-wire and tubular electrodes', Anal. Chem., 1981 53(11) 1590-1594',
			'firstchar' => 'C',
			'twochars' => 'Co',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
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			),
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		(int) 4 => array(
			'id' => '008354',
			'authors' => 'Alexander, P.W.;Haddad, P.R.;Trojanowicz, M.A.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Peter W. Alexander, Paul R. Haddad, and Marek Trojanowicz',
			'title' => 'Potentiometric flow injection determination of copper-complexing inorganic anions with a copper-wire indicator electrode',
			'journal' => 'Anal. Chem.',
			'journal_id' => '0499',
			'fadid' => 'ANCH1984V0056P02417',
			'year' => '1984',
			'volume' => '56',
			'issue' => '13',
			'startpage' => '2417',
			'endpage' => '2422',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;0716;1275;1841;2242;2054;2429;',
			'matrices' => '',
			'techniques' => ';0089;0273;0400;',
			'keywords' => '',
			'abstract' => 'The sample solution was injected into a carrier stream (2.8 to 6.0 mL min-1) of 10 mM or 100 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7) or 100 mM acetate buffer (pH 4.8). A copper wire (1.0 mm o.d.) was used as the indicator electrode, with a silver - AgCl reference electrode. The electrode gave a direct Nernstian response to anions such as P2O74-, P3O105-, CN-, SO32-, Cl-, I- and SCN- without the need for addition of Cu(II) to the carrier stream. The limit of detection was 0.75 nM',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2014-11-10 11:36:28',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '10',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 18:33:25',
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			'pauthor_id' => '00008',
			'pauthor' => '!Alexander, P.W.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => 'Not DOI assigned. Use issue url',
			'url' => '10.1021/ac00277a037',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Potentiometric flow injection determination of copper-complexing inorganic anions with a copper-wire indicator electrode', Anal. Chem., 1984 56(13) 2417-2422',
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			'twochars' => 'Po',
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				[maximum depth reached]
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			'id' => '009549',
			'authors' => 'Alexander, P.W.;Trojanowicz, M.A.;Haddad, P.R.',
			'authorsweb' => 'P. W. Alexander;  M. Trojanowicz; P. R. Haddad',
			'title' => 'Indirect potentiometric determination of metal ions by flow injection analysis with a copper electrode',
			'journal' => 'Anal. Lett.',
			'journal_id' => '0820',
			'fadid' => 'ANLE1984V0017P00309',
			'year' => '1984',
			'volume' => '17',
			'issue' => '4',
			'startpage' => '309',
			'endpage' => '320',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';1462;1412;0485;1359;0672;0684;1575;1430;0362;2529;',
			'matrices' => '',
			'techniques' => ';0089;0273;0400;',
			'keywords' => ';0136;0089;0212;',
			'abstract' => 'Injections of Mg, Ca, Pb, Co, Cu, Ni, Mn, Ba and Zn (60 &micro;M to 1 mM) into a stream of phosphate buffer solution containing EDTA and a copper wire (0.8 mm diameter), as an indicator sensitive to ligands that bind Cu ions, give peak heights dependent on both the metal ion and EDTA concentration. The theory of the method is presented; it is based on the partial complexation of EDTA present in the carrier stream. Block diagrams are given of the flow cell and the manifold of the flow system. Flow rates (ml min-1) of 4.2 (H2O) and 2.1 (EDTA) were used, with 75 &micro;L injections of samples into the carrier stream by means of a rotary injection valve.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
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			'sjccheckdate' => '2007-03-24 01:05:54',
			'hits' => '0',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 22:04:32',
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			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1080/00032718408065288',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Indirect potentiometric determination of metal ions by flow injection analysis with a copper electrode', Anal. Lett., 1984 17(4) 309-320',
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		(int) 6 => array(
			'id' => '009903',
			'authors' => 'Hassan, S.S.M.;Elnemma, E.M.;Hamada, M.A.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Saad S. M. Hassan, Eman M. Elnemma, Marawan A. Hamada',
			'title' => 'Flow injection potentiometric determination of harmine and harmaline hallucinogens',
			'journal' => 'Electroanalysis',
			'journal_id' => '1003',
			'fadid' => 'ELAN1995V0007P00656',
			'year' => '1995',
			'volume' => '7',
			'issue' => '7',
			'startpage' => '656',
			'endpage' => '659',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';1144;1145;',
			'matrices' => '',
			'techniques' => ';0400;0089;0080;',
			'keywords' => ';0217;',
			'abstract' => 'The sensor consisted of a polished Ag disc (0.9 cm o.d.) which was fixed to a small piece of polyethylene tubing (0.5 cm long, 1 cm o.d.) which was in turn fixed to the inner surface of a glass tube (7 cm long, 1 cm i.d.). The inner surface of the disc was soldered with Ag epoxy to the Cu core of a coaxial cable. A mixture consisting of 10 mg harmine or harmaline tetraphenylborate or reineckate, 352 mg dioctylphthalate or tributylphosphate, 187 mg PVC powder and 7 mL THF was prepared and packed into the sensor body. The solvent was allowed to evaporate to form a coating. The sensor was used in a FIA system using 0.1 M phosphate buffer of pH 4.6 as the carrier solution (5 ml/min). Potentiometric measurements were made relative to Ag/AgCl reference electrode. The response was linear from range 10 &micro;M to 10 mM with a detection limit of 2 &micro;g/ml. The effects of pH and the presence of foreign compounds were investigated.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
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			'hits' => '8',
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			'pauthor_id' => '00191',
			'pauthor' => '!Hassan, S.S.M.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1002/elan.1140070711',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'no',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Flow injection potentiometric determination of harmine and harmaline hallucinogens', Electroanalysis, 1995 7(7) 656-659',
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			'twochars' => 'Fl',
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		(int) 7 => array(
			'id' => '010214',
			'authors' => 'Chen, Z.L.;Hibbert, D.B.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Z. -L Chen and D. B Hibbert*',
			'title' => 'Simultaneous amperometric and potentiometric detection of sugars, polyols and carboxylic acids in flow systems using copper wire electrodes',
			'journal' => 'J. Chromatogr. A',
			'journal_id' => '0619',
			'fadid' => 'JCRA1997V0766P00027',
			'year' => '1997',
			'volume' => '766',
			'issue' => '1-2',
			'startpage' => '27',
			'endpage' => '33',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0535;1923;2217;1103;1001;1057;0931;0660;0009;',
			'matrices' => '',
			'techniques' => ';0001;0030;0400;0089;',
			'keywords' => ';0086;',
			'abstract' => 'The use of polished Cu wire electrodes (3 cm x 0.5 mm o.d.) for electrochemical detection was evaluated by cyclic voltammetry and FIA with amperometric and potentiometric detection. Sugars and polyols were amperometrically detected at 0.5 V vs. Ag/AgCl in 100 mM NaOH; calibration graphs were linear from 1-1000 &micro;M and detection limits were 2 pmol glycerol, 5 pmol fructose and glucose and 80 pmol ethanol. Carboxylic acids were potentiometrically detected in aqueous solution; calibration graphs were linear from 0.01-1 mM and detection limits were 10 pmol citric acid and 50 pmol acetic acid. The RSD (n = 5) were 2-3% for all analytes. The electrodes were then used in the analysis of a portion (10 &micro;L) of a mixed solution of the analytes by ion-exclusion chromatography on a Bio-RAD HPX-87H column (dimensions not given) at 30&deg;C with water of pH 5.5 as mobile phase (0.5 ml/min). The eluate was initially detected by potentiometry then merged with a flow (0.5 ml/min) of 100 mM NaOH solution prior to amperometric detection (chromatogram shown).',
			'language' => 'English',
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			'pauthor' => '!Hibbert, D.B.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1016/S0021-9673(96)00971-5',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Simultaneous amperometric and potentiometric detection of sugars, polyols and carboxylic acids in flow systems using copper wire electrodes', J. Chromatogr. A, 1997 766(1-2) 27-33',
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	'authors' => 'Alexander, P.W.;Trojanowicz, M.A.;Haddad, P.R.',
	'authorsweb' => 'P. W. Alexander;  M. Trojanowicz; P. R. Haddad',
	'title' => 'Indirect potentiometric determination of metal ions by flow injection analysis with a copper electrode',
	'journal' => 'Anal. Lett.',
	'journal_id' => '0820',
	'fadid' => 'ANLE1984V0017P00309',
	'year' => '1984',
	'volume' => '17',
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	'keywords' => ';0136;0089;0212;',
	'abstract' => 'Injections of Mg, Ca, Pb, Co, Cu, Ni, Mn, Ba and Zn (60 &micro;M to 1 mM) into a stream of phosphate buffer solution containing EDTA and a copper wire (0.8 mm diameter), as an indicator sensitive to ligands that bind Cu ions, give peak heights dependent on both the metal ion and EDTA concentration. The theory of the method is presented; it is based on the partial complexation of EDTA present in the carrier stream. Block diagrams are given of the flow cell and the manifold of the flow system. Flow rates (ml min-1) of 4.2 (H2O) and 2.1 (EDTA) were used, with 75 &micro;L injections of samples into the carrier stream by means of a rotary injection valve.',
	'language' => 'English',
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	'url' => '10.1080/00032718408065288',
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	'citation' => ''Indirect potentiometric determination of metal ions by flow injection analysis with a copper electrode', Anal. Lett., 1984 17(4) 309-320',
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"Flow Injection Potentiometric Determination Of Harmine And Harmaline Hallucinogens"
Electroanalysis 1995 Volume 7, Issue 7 Pages 656-659

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			'authors' => 'Alexander, P.W.;Haddad, P.R.;Trojanowicz, M.A.',
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			'title' => 'Response characteristics of a potentiometric detector with a copper metal electrode for flow injection and chromatographic determinations of metal ions',
			'journal' => 'Anal. Chim. Acta',
			'journal_id' => '0584',
			'fadid' => 'ANCA1985V0177P00183',
			'year' => '1985',
			'volume' => '177',
			'issue' => '1',
			'startpage' => '183',
			'endpage' => '195',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0130;0362;0478;0485;0673;0686;1360;1431;1576;2529;',
			'matrices' => '',
			'techniques' => ';0089;0400;',
			'keywords' => ';0089;0136;',
			'abstract' => 'The nitrate salts of Ca, Ba, Al, Pb(II), Cd, Co(II), Cu(II), Ni(II), Mn(II) and Zn were injected into the stream of a flow injection system; a flow cell with a copper-wire electrode was used for detection. The carrier solution consisted of a buffered solution of some ligands, e.g., citric acid, EDTA, ethylenediamine, triethylenetetramine, L-glutamic acid and iminodiacetic acid. Potential changes due to introduction of the metal ions into the ligand flow stream were measured by a millivoltmeter interfaced to a recorder. The electrode response depended on the nature of the ligand in the carrier solution and on the stability of the metal complexes formed. The method was successfully applied for the chromatographic separation of some cations on a Wescan 269-004 cation-exchange resin column (25 cm x 4.6 mm). Rectilinear responses were obtained for analyte metal concentration. of 0.1 to 1.0 mM.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '15',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 15:48:24',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '00320',
			'pauthor' => '!Trojanowicz, M.A.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1016/S0003-2670(00)82950-5',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Response characteristics of a potentiometric detector with a copper metal electrode for flow injection and chromatographic determinations of metal ions', Anal. Chim. Acta, 1985 177(1) 183-195',
			'firstchar' => 'R',
			'twochars' => 'Re',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
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				[maximum depth reached]
			),
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		),
		(int) 3 => array(
			'id' => '008271',
			'authors' => 'Alexander, P.W.;Maitra, C.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Peter W. Alexander and Carmelita Maitra',
			'title' => 'Continuous-flow potentiometric monitoring of 2-amino-acids with copper-wire and tubular electrodes',
			'journal' => 'Anal. Chem.',
			'journal_id' => '0499',
			'fadid' => 'ANCH1981V0053P01590',
			'year' => '1981',
			'volume' => '53',
			'issue' => '11',
			'startpage' => '1590',
			'endpage' => '1594',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0160;1106;',
			'matrices' => '',
			'techniques' => ';0089;0088;0400;',
			'keywords' => '',
			'abstract' => 'A novel method for detection of amino acids in a continuous-flow system is reported with copper wire or copper tubular electrodes as potentiometric detectors. The copper electrodes are shown to respond to the anionic form of amino acids without addition of Cu(II) to the flow system, with a response dependent on flow rate, buffer pH, and the type of amino acid. At pH 7.1, 10 amino acids are determined in the continuous-flow system at concentrations as low as 1.0 X IOd M with a stable base line potential and freedom from electrode poisoning except in the case of cysteine. The wire electrode is shown to be useful as a universal detector for amino acids.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2014-11-12 17:41:05',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '4',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 18:32:11',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '00008',
			'pauthor' => '!Alexander, P.W.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => 'Not DOI assigned. Use issue url',
			'url' => '10.1021/ac00234a013',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Continuous-flow potentiometric monitoring of 2-amino-acids with copper-wire and tubular electrodes', Anal. Chem., 1981 53(11) 1590-1594',
			'firstchar' => 'C',
			'twochars' => 'Co',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
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				[maximum depth reached]
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		(int) 4 => array(
			'id' => '008354',
			'authors' => 'Alexander, P.W.;Haddad, P.R.;Trojanowicz, M.A.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Peter W. Alexander, Paul R. Haddad, and Marek Trojanowicz',
			'title' => 'Potentiometric flow injection determination of copper-complexing inorganic anions with a copper-wire indicator electrode',
			'journal' => 'Anal. Chem.',
			'journal_id' => '0499',
			'fadid' => 'ANCH1984V0056P02417',
			'year' => '1984',
			'volume' => '56',
			'issue' => '13',
			'startpage' => '2417',
			'endpage' => '2422',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0594;0716;1275;1841;2242;2054;2429;',
			'matrices' => '',
			'techniques' => ';0089;0273;0400;',
			'keywords' => '',
			'abstract' => 'The sample solution was injected into a carrier stream (2.8 to 6.0 mL min-1) of 10 mM or 100 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7) or 100 mM acetate buffer (pH 4.8). A copper wire (1.0 mm o.d.) was used as the indicator electrode, with a silver - AgCl reference electrode. The electrode gave a direct Nernstian response to anions such as P2O74-, P3O105-, CN-, SO32-, Cl-, I- and SCN- without the need for addition of Cu(II) to the carrier stream. The limit of detection was 0.75 nM',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2014-11-10 11:36:28',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '10',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 18:33:25',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '00008',
			'pauthor' => '!Alexander, P.W.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => 'Not DOI assigned. Use issue url',
			'url' => '10.1021/ac00277a037',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Potentiometric flow injection determination of copper-complexing inorganic anions with a copper-wire indicator electrode', Anal. Chem., 1984 56(13) 2417-2422',
			'firstchar' => 'P',
			'twochars' => 'Po',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Analyte' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
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			'Keyword' => array([maximum depth reached])
		),
		(int) 5 => array(
			'id' => '009549',
			'authors' => 'Alexander, P.W.;Trojanowicz, M.A.;Haddad, P.R.',
			'authorsweb' => 'P. W. Alexander;  M. Trojanowicz; P. R. Haddad',
			'title' => 'Indirect potentiometric determination of metal ions by flow injection analysis with a copper electrode',
			'journal' => 'Anal. Lett.',
			'journal_id' => '0820',
			'fadid' => 'ANLE1984V0017P00309',
			'year' => '1984',
			'volume' => '17',
			'issue' => '4',
			'startpage' => '309',
			'endpage' => '320',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';1462;1412;0485;1359;0672;0684;1575;1430;0362;2529;',
			'matrices' => '',
			'techniques' => ';0089;0273;0400;',
			'keywords' => ';0136;0089;0212;',
			'abstract' => 'Injections of Mg, Ca, Pb, Co, Cu, Ni, Mn, Ba and Zn (60 &micro;M to 1 mM) into a stream of phosphate buffer solution containing EDTA and a copper wire (0.8 mm diameter), as an indicator sensitive to ligands that bind Cu ions, give peak heights dependent on both the metal ion and EDTA concentration. The theory of the method is presented; it is based on the partial complexation of EDTA present in the carrier stream. Block diagrams are given of the flow cell and the manifold of the flow system. Flow rates (ml min-1) of 4.2 (H2O) and 2.1 (EDTA) were used, with 75 &micro;L injections of samples into the carrier stream by means of a rotary injection valve.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '2007-03-24 01:05:54',
			'hits' => '0',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 22:04:32',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '00320',
			'pauthor' => '!Trojanowicz, M.A.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1080/00032718408065288',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Indirect potentiometric determination of metal ions by flow injection analysis with a copper electrode', Anal. Lett., 1984 17(4) 309-320',
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			'twochars' => 'In',
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		(int) 6 => array(
			'id' => '009903',
			'authors' => 'Hassan, S.S.M.;Elnemma, E.M.;Hamada, M.A.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Saad S. M. Hassan, Eman M. Elnemma, Marawan A. Hamada',
			'title' => 'Flow injection potentiometric determination of harmine and harmaline hallucinogens',
			'journal' => 'Electroanalysis',
			'journal_id' => '1003',
			'fadid' => 'ELAN1995V0007P00656',
			'year' => '1995',
			'volume' => '7',
			'issue' => '7',
			'startpage' => '656',
			'endpage' => '659',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';1144;1145;',
			'matrices' => '',
			'techniques' => ';0400;0089;0080;',
			'keywords' => ';0217;',
			'abstract' => 'The sensor consisted of a polished Ag disc (0.9 cm o.d.) which was fixed to a small piece of polyethylene tubing (0.5 cm long, 1 cm o.d.) which was in turn fixed to the inner surface of a glass tube (7 cm long, 1 cm i.d.). The inner surface of the disc was soldered with Ag epoxy to the Cu core of a coaxial cable. A mixture consisting of 10 mg harmine or harmaline tetraphenylborate or reineckate, 352 mg dioctylphthalate or tributylphosphate, 187 mg PVC powder and 7 mL THF was prepared and packed into the sensor body. The solvent was allowed to evaporate to form a coating. The sensor was used in a FIA system using 0.1 M phosphate buffer of pH 4.6 as the carrier solution (5 ml/min). Potentiometric measurements were made relative to Ag/AgCl reference electrode. The response was linear from range 10 &micro;M to 10 mM with a detection limit of 2 &micro;g/ml. The effects of pH and the presence of foreign compounds were investigated.',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
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			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '8',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 14:10:30',
			'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found',
			'pauthor_id' => '00191',
			'pauthor' => '!Hassan, S.S.M.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1002/elan.1140070711',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'no',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Flow injection potentiometric determination of harmine and harmaline hallucinogens', Electroanalysis, 1995 7(7) 656-659',
			'firstchar' => 'F',
			'twochars' => 'Fl',
			'CitationsTechnique' => array(
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				[maximum depth reached]
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		(int) 7 => array(
			'id' => '010214',
			'authors' => 'Chen, Z.L.;Hibbert, D.B.',
			'authorsweb' => 'Z. -L Chen and D. B Hibbert*',
			'title' => 'Simultaneous amperometric and potentiometric detection of sugars, polyols and carboxylic acids in flow systems using copper wire electrodes',
			'journal' => 'J. Chromatogr. A',
			'journal_id' => '0619',
			'fadid' => 'JCRA1997V0766P00027',
			'year' => '1997',
			'volume' => '766',
			'issue' => '1-2',
			'startpage' => '27',
			'endpage' => '33',
			'type' => 'Journal Article',
			'analytes' => ';0535;1923;2217;1103;1001;1057;0931;0660;0009;',
			'matrices' => '',
			'techniques' => ';0001;0030;0400;0089;',
			'keywords' => ';0086;',
			'abstract' => 'The use of polished Cu wire electrodes (3 cm x 0.5 mm o.d.) for electrochemical detection was evaluated by cyclic voltammetry and FIA with amperometric and potentiometric detection. Sugars and polyols were amperometrically detected at 0.5 V vs. Ag/AgCl in 100 mM NaOH; calibration graphs were linear from 1-1000 &micro;M and detection limits were 2 pmol glycerol, 5 pmol fructose and glucose and 80 pmol ethanol. Carboxylic acids were potentiometrically detected in aqueous solution; calibration graphs were linear from 0.01-1 mM and detection limits were 10 pmol citric acid and 50 pmol acetic acid. The RSD (n = 5) were 2-3% for all analytes. The electrodes were then used in the analysis of a portion (10 &micro;L) of a mixed solution of the analytes by ion-exclusion chromatography on a Bio-RAD HPX-87H column (dimensions not given) at 30&deg;C with water of pH 5.5 as mobile phase (0.5 ml/min). The eluate was initially detected by potentiometry then merged with a flow (0.5 ml/min) of 100 mM NaOH solution prior to amperometric detection (chromatogram shown).',
			'language' => 'English',
			'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
			'sjccheck' => 'Yes',
			'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
			'hits' => '18',
			'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 19:08:39',
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			'pauthor_id' => '01010',
			'pauthor' => '!Hibbert, D.B.',
			'address' => 'pau',
			'email' => 'pau',
			'notes' => null,
			'url' => '10.1016/S0021-9673(96)00971-5',
			'urltype' => 'doi',
			'gotpdf' => 'yes',
			'partial' => 'no',
			'notanalyte' => '',
			'citation' => ''Simultaneous amperometric and potentiometric detection of sugars, polyols and carboxylic acids in flow systems using copper wire electrodes', J. Chromatogr. A, 1997 766(1-2) 27-33',
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$c = array(
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	'authors' => 'Hassan, S.S.M.;Elnemma, E.M.;Hamada, M.A.',
	'authorsweb' => 'Saad S. M. Hassan, Eman M. Elnemma, Marawan A. Hamada',
	'title' => 'Flow injection potentiometric determination of harmine and harmaline hallucinogens',
	'journal' => 'Electroanalysis',
	'journal_id' => '1003',
	'fadid' => 'ELAN1995V0007P00656',
	'year' => '1995',
	'volume' => '7',
	'issue' => '7',
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	'analytes' => ';1144;1145;',
	'matrices' => '',
	'techniques' => ';0400;0089;0080;',
	'keywords' => ';0217;',
	'abstract' => 'The sensor consisted of a polished Ag disc (0.9 cm o.d.) which was fixed to a small piece of polyethylene tubing (0.5 cm long, 1 cm o.d.) which was in turn fixed to the inner surface of a glass tube (7 cm long, 1 cm i.d.). The inner surface of the disc was soldered with Ag epoxy to the Cu core of a coaxial cable. A mixture consisting of 10 mg harmine or harmaline tetraphenylborate or reineckate, 352 mg dioctylphthalate or tributylphosphate, 187 mg PVC powder and 7 mL THF was prepared and packed into the sensor body. The solvent was allowed to evaporate to form a coating. The sensor was used in a FIA system using 0.1 M phosphate buffer of pH 4.6 as the carrier solution (5 ml/min). Potentiometric measurements were made relative to Ag/AgCl reference electrode. The response was linear from range 10 &micro;M to 10 mM with a detection limit of 2 &micro;g/ml. The effects of pH and the presence of foreign compounds were investigated.',
	'language' => 'English',
	'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15',
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	'address' => 'pau',
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	'notes' => null,
	'url' => '10.1002/elan.1140070711',
	'urltype' => 'doi',
	'gotpdf' => 'no',
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	'citation' => ''Flow injection potentiometric determination of harmine and harmaline hallucinogens', Electroanalysis, 1995 7(7) 656-659',
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			'name' => 'Harmaline',
			'iupac_name' => '7-methoxy-1-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole',
			'casrn' => '304-21-2',
			'synonyms' => '3H-Pyrido[3,4-b]indole, 4,9-dihydro-7-methoxy-1-methyl-; Harmidine; 3,4-Dihydroharmine; Armalin; Dihydroharmine; Harmine, dihydro-; 1-Methyl-7-methoxy-3,4-dihydro-&beta;-carboline; 3,4-Dihydro-7-methoxy-1-methyl-9-pyrid(3,4-b)indole; 4,9-Dihydro-7-methoxy-1-methyl-3H-pyrido(3,4-b)indole; Harmalol methyl ether; O-Methylharmalol; 7-Methoxy-1-methyl-4,9-dihydro-3H-&beta;-carboline',
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			'formula' => 'C13H14N2O',
			'oxstate' => 'Zero',
			'url' => '',
			'charge' => '0',
			'class1' => 'Biological',
			'class2' => 'NA',
			'class3' => 'NA',
			'class4' => 'Molecule',
			'class5' => 'NA',
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			'checked' => 'yes',
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			'casrn' => '442-51-3',
			'synonyms' => '9H-Pyrido[3,4-b]indole, 7-methoxy-1-methyl-; Banisterin; Banisterine; Garmin; Harmin; Leucoharmine; Telepathien; Telepathin; Telepathine; Yagein; Yageine; Yajeine; 6-Methoxyharman; 7-Methoxy-1-methyl-9H-pyrido(3,4-b)indole; 1-Methyl-7-methoxy-&beta;-carboline; 7-Methoxy-1-methyl-9H-&beta;-carboline',
			'total' => '1',
			'inchi' => 'InChI=1S/C13H12N2O/c1-8-13-11(5-6-14-8)10-4-3-9(16-2)7-12(10)15-13/h3-7,15H,1-2H3',
			'inchikey' => 'BXNJHAXVSOCGBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N',
			'formula' => 'C13H12N2O',
			'oxstate' => 'Zero',
			'url' => '',
			'charge' => '0',
			'class1' => 'Biological',
			'class2' => 'NA',
			'class3' => 'NA',
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			'checked' => 'yes',
			'citation_count' => '0',
			'updated' => '2015-12-11 16:39:45',
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			'AnalytesCitation' => array(
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$i = (int) 6
$path = ''
$a = ''
$url = 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elan.1140070711'
$aus = 'Saad S. M. Hassan, Eman M. Elnemma, Marawan A. Hamada'
include - APP/View/Elements/citation.ctp, line 40
View::_evaluate() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 971
View::_render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 933
View::_renderElement() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 1224
View::element() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 418
include - APP/View/Techniques/view.ctp, line 52
View::_evaluate() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 971
View::_render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 933
View::render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 473
Controller::render() - CORE/Cake/Controller/Controller.php, line 968
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"Simultaneous Amperometric And Potentiometric Detection Of Sugars, Polyols And Carboxylic Acids In Flow Systems Using Copper Wire Electrodes"
J. Chromatogr. A 1997 Volume 766, Issue 1-2 Pages 27-33

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			'abstract' => 'A novel method for detection of amino acids in a continuous-flow system is reported with copper wire or copper tubular electrodes as potentiometric detectors. The copper electrodes are shown to respond to the anionic form of amino acids without addition of Cu(II) to the flow system, with a response dependent on flow rate, buffer pH, and the type of amino acid. At pH 7.1, 10 amino acids are determined in the continuous-flow system at concentrations as low as 1.0 X IOd M with a stable base line potential and freedom from electrode poisoning except in the case of cysteine. The wire electrode is shown to be useful as a universal detector for amino acids.',
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			'title' => 'Indirect potentiometric determination of metal ions by flow injection analysis with a copper electrode',
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			'abstract' => 'The sensor consisted of a polished Ag disc (0.9 cm o.d.) which was fixed to a small piece of polyethylene tubing (0.5 cm long, 1 cm o.d.) which was in turn fixed to the inner surface of a glass tube (7 cm long, 1 cm i.d.). The inner surface of the disc was soldered with Ag epoxy to the Cu core of a coaxial cable. A mixture consisting of 10 mg harmine or harmaline tetraphenylborate or reineckate, 352 mg dioctylphthalate or tributylphosphate, 187 mg PVC powder and 7 mL THF was prepared and packed into the sensor body. The solvent was allowed to evaporate to form a coating. The sensor was used in a FIA system using 0.1 M phosphate buffer of pH 4.6 as the carrier solution (5 ml/min). Potentiometric measurements were made relative to Ag/AgCl reference electrode. The response was linear from range 10 &micro;M to 10 mM with a detection limit of 2 &micro;g/ml. The effects of pH and the presence of foreign compounds were investigated.',
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			'citation' => ''Flow injection potentiometric determination of harmine and harmaline hallucinogens', Electroanalysis, 1995 7(7) 656-659',
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			'title' => 'Simultaneous amperometric and potentiometric detection of sugars, polyols and carboxylic acids in flow systems using copper wire electrodes',
			'journal' => 'J. Chromatogr. A',
			'journal_id' => '0619',
			'fadid' => 'JCRA1997V0766P00027',
			'year' => '1997',
			'volume' => '766',
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			'abstract' => 'The use of polished Cu wire electrodes (3 cm x 0.5 mm o.d.) for electrochemical detection was evaluated by cyclic voltammetry and FIA with amperometric and potentiometric detection. Sugars and polyols were amperometrically detected at 0.5 V vs. Ag/AgCl in 100 mM NaOH; calibration graphs were linear from 1-1000 &micro;M and detection limits were 2 pmol glycerol, 5 pmol fructose and glucose and 80 pmol ethanol. Carboxylic acids were potentiometrically detected in aqueous solution; calibration graphs were linear from 0.01-1 mM and detection limits were 10 pmol citric acid and 50 pmol acetic acid. The RSD (n = 5) were 2-3% for all analytes. The electrodes were then used in the analysis of a portion (10 &micro;L) of a mixed solution of the analytes by ion-exclusion chromatography on a Bio-RAD HPX-87H column (dimensions not given) at 30&deg;C with water of pH 5.5 as mobile phase (0.5 ml/min). The eluate was initially detected by potentiometry then merged with a flow (0.5 ml/min) of 100 mM NaOH solution prior to amperometric detection (chromatogram shown).',
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			'citation' => ''Simultaneous amperometric and potentiometric detection of sugars, polyols and carboxylic acids in flow systems using copper wire electrodes', J. Chromatogr. A, 1997 766(1-2) 27-33',
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			'synonyms' => '1,2,3-propanetriol; 1,2,3-Trihydroxypropane; D-glycerol; glycyl alcohol; Glycerin; Glycerin mist; glyceritol; Glycerol; L-glycerol; Polyhydric alcohols; Propanetriol; trihydroxypropane',
			'total' => '41',
			'inchi' => 'InChI=1S/C3H8O3/c4-1-3(6)2-5/h3-6H,1-2H2',
			'inchikey' => 'PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N',
			'formula' => 'C3H8O3',
			'oxstate' => '',
			'url' => '',
			'charge' => '0',
			'class1' => 'Organic compound',
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			'class3' => 'NA',
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			'inchi' => 'InChI=1S/C6H8O7/c7-3(8)1-6(13,5(11)12)2-4(9)10/h13H,1-2H2,(H,7,8)(H,9,10)(H,11,12)',
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			'synonyms' => 'Ethanoic acid; Ethylic acid; Glacial acetic acid; Methanecarboxylic acid; Vinegar acid; CH3COOH; component of Aci-Jel; Acetasol; Acide acetique; Acido acetico; Azijnzuur; Essigsaeure; Octowy kwas; Acetic acid, glacial; Kyselina octova; UN 2789; UN 2790; Aci-jel; Shotgun; TCLP extraction fluid 2; Vinegar',
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$i = (int) 7
$path = ''
$a = ''
$url = 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(96)00971-5'
$aus = 'Z. -L Chen and D. B Hibbert*'
include - APP/View/Elements/citation.ctp, line 40
View::_evaluate() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 971
View::_render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 933
View::_renderElement() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 1224
View::element() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 418
include - APP/View/Techniques/view.ctp, line 52
View::_evaluate() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 971
View::_render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 933
View::render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 473
Controller::render() - CORE/Cake/Controller/Controller.php, line 968
Dispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/Cake/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 200
Dispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/Cake/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 167
[main] - APP/webroot/index.php, line 109