Contact Info
Stuart Chalk, Ph.D.
Department of Chemistry
University of North Florida
Phone: 1-904-620-1938
Fax: 1-904-620-3535
Email: schalk@unf.edu
Website: @unf
Electrode
Citations 1
"Critical Comparison Of Paraffin Carbon Paste And Graphite-poly(tetrafluorethylene) Composite Electrodes Concerning The Electroanalytical Behavior Of Various Antioxidants Of Different Hydrophobicity"
Electroanalysis
1998 Volume 10, Issue 1 Pages 33-38
Notice (8): Undefined variable: uid [APP/View/Elements/citation.ctp, line 40]Emilia Diego, Lourdes Agüi, Araceli González-Cortés, Paloma Yánez-Sedeno, José M. 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Pingarroón, Jean-Michel Kauffmann', 'title' => 'Critical comparison of paraffin carbon paste and graphite-poly(tetrafluorethylene) composite electrodes concerning the electroanalytical behavior of various antioxidants of different hydrophobicity', 'journal' => 'Electroanalysis', 'journal_id' => '1003', 'fadid' => 'ELAN1998V0010P00033', 'year' => '1998', 'volume' => '10', 'issue' => '1', 'startpage' => '33', 'endpage' => '38', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1290;1289;0711;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0009;0075;0121;', 'keywords' => ';0043;', 'abstract' => 'The voltammetric and flow injection amperometric behaviors of several substances used as antioxidants in the food and pharmaceutical industries at carbon paste electrodes, with paraffin as binding agent, and at graphite-40% PTFE composite electrodes were compared on the basis of the different hydrophobicity of the antioxidants. Aqueous solutions, alcohol-water mixtures and oil-in-water-emulsions were used as working media. No voltammetric or flow injection responses were obtained for high hydrophobic antioxidants (BHT, Irganox-1076 and Irganox-1010) at graphite-PTFE electrodes. On the contrary, carbon paste electrodes allowed the attainment of analytically useful signals for these compounds. A pulse amperometric detection (PAD) scheme should be applied in these cases for the cleaning of the electrode surface. The use of graphite-PTFE electrodes seems to be advantageous for the less hydrophobic antioxidants such us propyl gallate and TBHQ. An adsorption process for PG and a faster electrode kinetic in the case of TBHQ were shown to occur by cyclic voltammetry at the PTFE composite electrode. Furthermore, this electrode allows the use of lower potentials for the amperometric detection of these compounds than the carbon paste electrode. Good reproducibility of the successive amperometric responses was also observed. The mutual influence of the electrode surface composition and the lipophilic characteristics of the molecules tested is discussed.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '6', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 14:12:23', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00346', 'pauthor' => '!Pingarron, J.M.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1002/(SICI)1521-4109(199801)10:1<33::AID-ELAN33>3.0.CO;2-W', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Critical comparison of paraffin carbon paste and graphite-poly(tetrafluorethylene) composite electrodes concerning the electroanalytical behavior of various antioxidants of different hydrophobicity', Electroanalysis, 1998 10(1) 33-38', 'firstchar' => 'C', 'twochars' => 'Cr', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( 'id' => '008731', 'citation_id' => '009968', 'technique_id' => '0075' ), 'Analyte' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 1 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 2 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), 'Matrix' => array(), 'Keyword' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ) ), 'i' => (int) 0 ) $data = array( 'Technique' => array( 'id' => '0075', 'label' => 'Electrode', 'level1' => 'Electrode', 'level2' => 'carbon', 'level3' => 'paste', 'level4' => 'paraffin', 'level5' => '', 'synonyms' => '', 'champ' => '', 'total' => '1', 'updated' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'name' => 'Electrode, carbon, paste, paraffin', 'nametotal' => 'Electrode, carbon, paste, paraffin**1', 'first' => 'E' ), 'Citation' => array( (int) 0 => array( 'id' => '009968', 'authors' => 'Diego, E.;Agui, L.;Gonzalez Cortes, A.;Yanez Sedeno, P.;Pingarron, J.M.;Kauffmann, J.M.', 'authorsweb' => 'Emilia Diego, Lourdes Agüi, Araceli González-Cortés, Paloma Yánez-Sedeno, José M. Pingarroón, Jean-Michel Kauffmann', 'title' => 'Critical comparison of paraffin carbon paste and graphite-poly(tetrafluorethylene) composite electrodes concerning the electroanalytical behavior of various antioxidants of different hydrophobicity', 'journal' => 'Electroanalysis', 'journal_id' => '1003', 'fadid' => 'ELAN1998V0010P00033', 'year' => '1998', 'volume' => '10', 'issue' => '1', 'startpage' => '33', 'endpage' => '38', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1290;1289;0711;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0009;0075;0121;', 'keywords' => ';0043;', 'abstract' => 'The voltammetric and flow injection amperometric behaviors of several substances used as antioxidants in the food and pharmaceutical industries at carbon paste electrodes, with paraffin as binding agent, and at graphite-40% PTFE composite electrodes were compared on the basis of the different hydrophobicity of the antioxidants. Aqueous solutions, alcohol-water mixtures and oil-in-water-emulsions were used as working media. No voltammetric or flow injection responses were obtained for high hydrophobic antioxidants (BHT, Irganox-1076 and Irganox-1010) at graphite-PTFE electrodes. On the contrary, carbon paste electrodes allowed the attainment of analytically useful signals for these compounds. A pulse amperometric detection (PAD) scheme should be applied in these cases for the cleaning of the electrode surface. The use of graphite-PTFE electrodes seems to be advantageous for the less hydrophobic antioxidants such us propyl gallate and TBHQ. An adsorption process for PG and a faster electrode kinetic in the case of TBHQ were shown to occur by cyclic voltammetry at the PTFE composite electrode. Furthermore, this electrode allows the use of lower potentials for the amperometric detection of these compounds than the carbon paste electrode. Good reproducibility of the successive amperometric responses was also observed. The mutual influence of the electrode surface composition and the lipophilic characteristics of the molecules tested is discussed.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '6', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 14:12:23', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00346', 'pauthor' => '!Pingarron, J.M.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1002/(SICI)1521-4109(199801)10:1<33::AID-ELAN33>3.0.CO;2-W', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Critical comparison of paraffin carbon paste and graphite-poly(tetrafluorethylene) composite electrodes concerning the electroanalytical behavior of various antioxidants of different hydrophobicity', Electroanalysis, 1998 10(1) 33-38', 'firstchar' => 'C', 'twochars' => 'Cr', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Analyte' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Matrix' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Keyword' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ) ) ) $c = array( 'id' => '009968', 'authors' => 'Diego, E.;Agui, L.;Gonzalez Cortes, A.;Yanez Sedeno, P.;Pingarron, J.M.;Kauffmann, J.M.', 'authorsweb' => 'Emilia Diego, Lourdes Agüi, Araceli González-Cortés, Paloma Yánez-Sedeno, José M. Pingarroón, Jean-Michel Kauffmann', 'title' => 'Critical comparison of paraffin carbon paste and graphite-poly(tetrafluorethylene) composite electrodes concerning the electroanalytical behavior of various antioxidants of different hydrophobicity', 'journal' => 'Electroanalysis', 'journal_id' => '1003', 'fadid' => 'ELAN1998V0010P00033', 'year' => '1998', 'volume' => '10', 'issue' => '1', 'startpage' => '33', 'endpage' => '38', 'type' => 'Journal Article', 'analytes' => ';1290;1289;0711;', 'matrices' => '', 'techniques' => ';0009;0075;0121;', 'keywords' => ';0043;', 'abstract' => 'The voltammetric and flow injection amperometric behaviors of several substances used as antioxidants in the food and pharmaceutical industries at carbon paste electrodes, with paraffin as binding agent, and at graphite-40% PTFE composite electrodes were compared on the basis of the different hydrophobicity of the antioxidants. Aqueous solutions, alcohol-water mixtures and oil-in-water-emulsions were used as working media. No voltammetric or flow injection responses were obtained for high hydrophobic antioxidants (BHT, Irganox-1076 and Irganox-1010) at graphite-PTFE electrodes. On the contrary, carbon paste electrodes allowed the attainment of analytically useful signals for these compounds. A pulse amperometric detection (PAD) scheme should be applied in these cases for the cleaning of the electrode surface. The use of graphite-PTFE electrodes seems to be advantageous for the less hydrophobic antioxidants such us propyl gallate and TBHQ. An adsorption process for PG and a faster electrode kinetic in the case of TBHQ were shown to occur by cyclic voltammetry at the PTFE composite electrode. Furthermore, this electrode allows the use of lower potentials for the amperometric detection of these compounds than the carbon paste electrode. Good reproducibility of the successive amperometric responses was also observed. The mutual influence of the electrode surface composition and the lipophilic characteristics of the molecules tested is discussed.', 'language' => 'English', 'updated' => '2020-12-28 11:25:15', 'sjccheck' => 'Yes', 'sjccheckdate' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'hits' => '6', 'urlcheck' => '2014-10-11 14:12:23', 'urlcheckcode' => 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found', 'pauthor_id' => '00346', 'pauthor' => '!Pingarron, J.M.', 'address' => 'pau', 'email' => 'pau', 'notes' => null, 'url' => '10.1002/(SICI)1521-4109(199801)10:1<33::AID-ELAN33>3.0.CO;2-W', 'urltype' => 'doi', 'gotpdf' => 'yes', 'partial' => 'no', 'notanalyte' => '', 'citation' => ''Critical comparison of paraffin carbon paste and graphite-poly(tetrafluorethylene) composite electrodes concerning the electroanalytical behavior of various antioxidants of different hydrophobicity', Electroanalysis, 1998 10(1) 33-38', 'firstchar' => 'C', 'twochars' => 'Cr', 'CitationsTechnique' => array( 'id' => '008731', 'citation_id' => '009968', 'technique_id' => '0075' ), 'Analyte' => array( (int) 0 => array( 'id' => '01290', 'name' => 'Irganox 1076', 'iupac_name' => 'octadecyl 3-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate', 'casrn' => '2082-79-3', 'synonyms' => '2082-79-3, Octadecyl 3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate, Tominokusu SS, Ralox 530, octadecyl 3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate, Naugard 76, Sumilizer BP 76, Ultranox 276, Antioxidant 1076, Irganox 1076, Irganox 1906, Irganox 1976, Irganox L 107, Irganox I 1076, ADK Stab AO 50, Anox PP 18, Mark AO 50, AO 4, IR 1076, Octadecyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyhydrocinnamate, Benzenepropanoic acid, 3,5-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxy-, octadecyl ester, stearyl 3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate, E 376, U 276, HSDB 5865, I 1076, SSDSCDGVMJFTEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N, Stearyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyhydrocinnamate, EINECS 218-216-0, Hydrocinnamic acid, 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-, octadecyl ester, ST50997267, 3,5-Bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxybenzenepropanoic acid octadecyl ester, Octadecyl 3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyhydrocinnamate, Octadecyl 3,5-bis(tert-butyl)-4-hydroxyhydrocinnamate, Octadecyl 3-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate, Stearyl β-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate, Octadecyl-3-(3,5-di-tert.butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionate, Hydrocinnamic acid, 3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxy-, octadecyl ester, Octadecyl 3-(3',5'-di-tert-butyl-4'-hydroxyphenyl)propionate, Stearyl 3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate, 109265-64-7, 80693-11-4, Lowinox PO35, Stearylβ- propionate, ACMC-1CNQ6, AC1L27UC, SCHEMBL18856, KSC201Q3P, BIDD:ER0412, UNII-V88J661G2P, 367079_ALDRICH, CTK1A1837, SSDSCDGVMJFTEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-, MolPort-002-152-012, V88J661G2P, C35H62O3, ANW-24247, AKOS015890027, MCULE-5671593140, RTR-009799, AC-15275, AK109194, AN-50356, KB-79657, LS-173848, TR-009799, D1644, FT-0655079, ST24031491, I01-5044, Octadecyl-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyhydrocinnamate, n-octadecyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyhydrocinnamate, octadecyl-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-hydrocinnamate, stearyl 3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-di-t-butylphenyl)propionate, 3B3-033580, 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-[(2-octadecyloxycarbonyl)ethyl]phenol, Octadecyl 3-(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate, Octadecyl 3-(3,5-di-tertbutyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionate, octadecyl 3-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxy-phenyl)propanoate, Octadecyl 3-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate #, Octadecyl-3(3',5'-di-t-butyl-4'-hydroxyphenyl)propionate, n-octadecyl 3-(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxylphenyl)-propionate, n-octadecyl β-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate, octadecyl 3-[3,5-bis(tert-butyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl]propanoate, Stearyl β-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate, 3-(3,5-Di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic Acid Stearyl Ester, n-octadecyl β-(3',5'-di-tert-butyl-4'-hydroxyphenyl)propionate, β-(3,5-Di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid octadecyl ester, 119764-08-8, 156511-59-0, 69093-37-4, InChI=1/C35H62O3/c1-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-18-19-20-21-22-23-26-38-32(36)25-24-29-27-30(34(2,3)4)33(37)31(28-29)35(5,6)7/h27-28,37H,8-26H2,1-7H3', 'total' => '2', 'inchi' => 'InChI=1S/C35H62O3/c1-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-18-19-20-21-22-23-26-38-32(36)25-24-29-27-30(34(2,3)4)33(37)31(28-29)35(5,6)7/h27-28,37H,8-26H2,1-7H3', 'inchikey' => 'SSDSCDGVMJFTEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N', 'formula' => 'C35H62O3', 'oxstate' => 'Zero', 'url' => '', 'charge' => '0', 'class1' => '', 'class2' => '', 'class3' => '', 'class4' => '', 'class5' => '', 'isgroup' => 'no', 'checked' => 'no', 'citation_count' => '0', 'updated' => '2015-12-11 16:36:07', 'first' => 'I', 'nametotal' => 'Irganox 1076**2', 'AnalytesCitation' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 1 => array( 'id' => '01289', 'name' => 'Irganox 1010', 'iupac_name' => '[3-[3-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyloxy]-2,2-bis[3-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyloxymethyl]propyl] 3-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate', 'casrn' => '6683-19-8', 'synonyms' => '6683-19-8, Tetraalkofen BPE, Irganox 1010, Phenosane 23, Dovernox 10, Fenozan 22, Fenozan 23, Naugard 10, Sumilizer BP 101, Irganox 1010FF, Irganox 1040, Pentaerythritol tetrakis(3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate), Anox 20AM, Ralox 630, ADK Stab AO 60, MARK AO 60, ANOX 20, Irganox 1010FP, AO 60, BP 101, 2,2-Bis(((3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl)oxy)methyl)propane-1,3-diyl bis(3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate), IR 1010, RA 1010, UNII-255PIF62MS, EINECS 229-722-6, STK367172, BRN 2035465, Neopentanetetrayl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyhydrocinnamate, Tetrakis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyhydrocinnamoyloxymethyl)methane, Pentaerythritol, tetrakis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyhydrocinnamate), Hydrocinnamic acid, 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-, neopentanetetrayl ester, Pentaerythritol tetrakis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyhydrocinnamate), Tetrakis(methylene(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyhydrocinnamate)methane, Pentaerythritol Tetrakis[3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate], Tetrakis(3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl)propionyloxymethyl)methane, Hydrocinnamic acid, 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-, tetraester with pentaerythritol, Tetrakis(((β-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionyl)oxy)methyl)methane, 3-{[3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl]oxy}-2,2-bis({[3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl]oxy}methyl)propyl 3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate, Benzenepropanoic acid, 3,5-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxy-, 1,1'-[2,2-bis[[3-[3,5-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl]-1-oxopropoxy]methyl]-1,3-propanediyl] ester, Benzenepropanoic acid, 3,5-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxy-, 2,2-bis((3-(3,5-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-oxopropoxy)methyl)-1,3-propanediyl ester, Benzenepropanoic acid, 3,5-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxy-, 2,2-bis[[3-[3,5-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl]-1-oxopropoxy]methyl]-1,3-propanediyl ester, phenosan-23, Benzenepropanoic acid, 3,5-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxy-, 1,1'-(2,2-bis((3-(3,5-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-oxopropoxy)methyl)-1,3-propanediyl) ester, Lowinox PP35, PubChem21791, DSSTox_CID_7633, Pentaerythritoltetrakis(3-, AC1L21ZT, DSSTox_RID_78534, DSSTox_GSID_27633, SCHEMBL30209, 255PIF62MS, 441783_ALDRICH, CHEMBL3187856, BGYHLZZASRKEJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N, MolPort-002-320-352, Tox21_301970, AKOS005444166, C73H108O12, MCULE-4746373197, NCGC00255211-01, AC-15274, AK109198, AN-21255, BC208922, LS-31077, O457, CAS-6683-19-8, ST2403560, FT-0659922, P0932, ST50409208, I14-3336, Pentaerithritol tetrakis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyhydrocinnamate), Pentaerythrityl tetrakis-3-(3',5'-di-t-butyl-4'-hydroxyphenyl)propionate, Tetrakis [methylene (3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyhydrocinnamate)] methane, Tetrakis[methylene(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyhydrocinnamate)methane], Tetrakis[methylene-3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate]methane, Hydrocinnamic acid, 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-, neopentanetetrayl ester (8CI), Hydrocinnamic acid, 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-, tetraester with pentaerythritol (7CI), Pentaerythritol tetrakis[3-(3',5'-di-tert-butyl-4'-hydroxyphenyl)propionate], [3-[3-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxy-phenyl)propanoyloxy]-2,2-bis[3-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxy-phenyl)propanoyloxymethyl]propyl] 3-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxy-phenyl)propanoate, [3-[3-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyloxy]-2,2-bis[3-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyloxymethyl]propyl] 3-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate, 103843-13-6, 12634-41-2, 127337-64-8, 131611-06-8, 132503-83-4, 137500-49-3, 145526-73-4, 154508-64-2, 156511-60-3, 2,2-bis({3-[3,5-bis(tert-butyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl]propanoyloxy}methyl)-3-{3-[3,5 -bis(tert-butyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl]propanoyloxy}propyl 3-[3,5-bis(tert-butyl)-4- hydroxyphenyl]propanoate, 3-([3-(3,5-Ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl]oxy)-2,2-bis(([3-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl]oxy)methyl)propyl 3-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate #, 5106-16-1, 60005-82-5, 67894-72-8, 678997-54-1, 68882-58-6, 702667-02-5, 70695-00-0, 913283-07-5, 98584-37-3, Benzenepropanoic acid, 3,5-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxy-, 2,2-bis[[3-[3,5-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl) -4-hydroxyphenyl]-1-oxopropoxy]methyl ]-1,3-propanediyl ester', 'total' => '1', 'inchi' => 'InChI=1S/C73H108O12/c1-65(2,3)49-33-45(34-50(61(49)78)66(4,5)6)25-29-57(74)82-41-73(42-83-58(75)30-26-46-35-51(67(7,8)9)62(79)52(36-46)68(10,11)12,43-84-59(76)31-27-47-37-53(69(13,14)15)63(80)54(38-47)70(16,17)18)44-85-60(77)32-28-48-39-55(71(19,20)21)64(81)56(40-48)72(22,23)24/h33-40,78-81H,25-32,41-44H2,1-24H3', 'inchikey' => 'BGYHLZZASRKEJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N', 'formula' => 'C73H108O12', 'oxstate' => 'Zero', 'url' => '', 'charge' => '0', 'class1' => '', 'class2' => '', 'class3' => '', 'class4' => '', 'class5' => '', 'isgroup' => 'no', 'checked' => 'no', 'citation_count' => '0', 'updated' => '2015-12-11 16:21:31', 'first' => 'I', 'nametotal' => 'Irganox 1010**1', 'AnalytesCitation' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 2 => array( 'id' => '00711', 'name' => 'Cresol, 4-, 2-6-di-tert-butyl', 'iupac_name' => '', 'casrn' => '', 'synonyms' => '', 'total' => '1', 'inchi' => '', 'inchikey' => '', 'formula' => '', 'oxstate' => null, 'url' => '', 'charge' => null, 'class1' => '', 'class2' => '', 'class3' => '', 'class4' => '', 'class5' => '', 'isgroup' => 'no', 'checked' => 'no', 'citation_count' => '0', 'updated' => '2015-12-11 09:53:17', 'first' => 'C', 'nametotal' => 'Cresol, 4-, 2-6-di-tert-butyl**1', 'AnalytesCitation' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ) ), 'Matrix' => array(), 'Keyword' => array( (int) 0 => array( 'id' => '0043', 'type' => 'Manifold component', 'keyword' => 'Apparatus', 'newKeyword' => '', 'synonyms' => '', 'fao' => '', 'total' => '466', 'first' => 'A', 'keytotal' => 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Abstract:
The voltammetric and flow injection amperometric behaviors of several substances used as antioxidants in the food and pharmaceutical industries at carbon paste electrodes, with paraffin as binding agent, and at graphite-40% PTFE composite electrodes were compared on the basis of the different hydrophobicity of the antioxidants. Aqueous solutions, alcohol-water mixtures and oil-in-water-emulsions were used as working media. No voltammetric or flow injection responses were obtained for high hydrophobic antioxidants (BHT, Irganox-1076 and Irganox-1010) at graphite-PTFE electrodes. On the contrary, carbon paste electrodes allowed the attainment of analytically useful signals for these compounds. A pulse amperometric detection (PAD) scheme should be applied in these cases for the cleaning of the electrode surface. The use of graphite-PTFE electrodes seems to be advantageous for the less hydrophobic antioxidants such us propyl gallate and TBHQ. An adsorption process for PG and a faster electrode kinetic in the case of TBHQ were shown to occur by cyclic voltammetry at the PTFE composite electrode. Furthermore, this electrode allows the use of lower potentials for the amperometric detection of these compounds than the carbon paste electrode. Good reproducibility of the successive amperometric responses was also observed. The mutual influence of the electrode surface composition and the lipophilic characteristics of the molecules tested is discussed.
Irganox 1076
Irganox 1010
Cresol, 4-, 2-6-di-tert-butyl
Apparatus