University of North Florida
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Stuart Chalk, Ph.D.
Department of Chemistry
University of North Florida
Phone: 1-904-620-1938
Fax: 1-904-620-3535
Email: schalk@unf.edu
Website: @unf

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Peter Schramel

Abbrev:
Schramel, P.
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Address:
Gesellschaft für Strahlen- und Umweltforschung mbH, Institut für Ökologische Chemie, D-W-8042 Neuherberg, Federal Republic of Germany
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Citations 3

"Application Of An Online Preconcentration System In Simultaneous ICP-AES"
Microchim. Acta 1992 Volume 106, Issue 3-6 Pages 191-201
Peter Schramel, Li -Qiang Xu, Günter Knapp and Markus Michaelis

Abstract: A PC-controlled online pre-concentration system (TRACECON) was connected to a JY-70 Plus simultaneous inductively coupled plasma (ICP) spectrometer to pre-concentrate online seven trace elements (Cu, Fe, Zn, Cr, Ni, Mn, V) in biological and environmental samples. EDTrA-cellulose was used as column material. The elemental concentrations were determined by simultaneous ICP-AES. The effect of pH of the sample solution on the enrichment was studied. It was found that the recoveries of chromium and iron depend strongly on the pH of the sample solution. All the elements mentioned were recovered quantitatively at pH 4.0. The flow rates of sample solution and element solution were optimized. The enrichment factors for seven elements at 5 mL loading volume range from 3.9 for Cu to 7.9 for Zn. The detection limits of all seven elements were improved. The accuracy of the method was tested by the analysis of a number of CRMs of NIST, BCR and NIES. Most results are in good agreement with the certified values.
Copper Iron Zinc Chromium Nickel Manganese Vanadium Biological Environmental Spectrophotometry Computer Reference material Preconcentration Column Optimization pH

"On-line Preconcentration Of Arsenic From Water Samples With An Anion-exchanger Column Coupled To A Hydride Generation ICP System"
Fresenius J. Anal. Chem. 1992 Volume 343, Issue 4 Pages 373-377
Peter Schramel and Li-quiang Xu

Abstract: An on-line anion-exchange pre-concentration hydride generation ICP system for the determination of total inorganic arsenic in water is described. The column was packed with strongly basic anion-exchange resin (AG 1-X8). Experimental conditions including pH of the sample solution, eluent, flow rate of eluent, oxidation states of arsenic and competing anion ions were studied. Compared with the conventional continuous hydride generation ICP, a 9.2-fold improvement in sensitivity was obtained with RSD 1-2% at 100 ng/ml. The detection limit (3s) was 0.08 ng/ml. The recoveries in water samples were satisfactory. The system provides complete automation of sample loading, eluting and regenerating of the resin.

"Determination Of Arsenic, Antimony, Bismuth, Selenium And Tin In Biological And Environmental Samples By Continuous-flow Hydride-generation ICP-AES Without Gas-liquid Separator"
Fresenius J. Anal. Chem. 1991 Volume 340, Issue 1 Pages 41-47
P. Schramel and Li-Qiang Xu

Abstract: Arsenic, Sb, Bi, Se and Sn were simultaneously determined in samples by ICP-AES with use of the cited hydride-generation system (diagram given) at 1.5 kW. Samples were digested (i) under pressure with 70% HNO3 in a closed vessel at 170°C for 10 h and (ii) with HNO3 - ClHO4 - H2SO4 (details given). Sample solution in 30% HCl - 20% HNO3 were mixed with a reductant solution consisting of 3% NaBH4 and 2% KI prior to nebulization in the ICP spectrometer and determination by AES. Interferences caused by Cu and Ni ions were eliminated with use of the reductant. In general results were in good agreement with certified values; detection limits were at the ng level.
Antimony Arsenic Bismuth Selenium Tin Biological Environmental Sample preparation Spectrophotometry Interferences Nebulizer Reference material