University of North Florida
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Contact Info

Stuart Chalk, Ph.D.
Department of Chemistry
University of North Florida
Phone: 1-904-620-1938
Fax: 1-904-620-3535
Email: schalk@unf.edu
Website: @unf

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Karl Cammann

Abbrev:
Cammann, K.
Other Names:
Address:
Institute of Chemical and Biochemical Sensor Research (ICB), Westfälsiche Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Chair of Analystical Chemistry, Wilhelm-Klemm-Strasse 8, D-48149 Münster Germany
Phone:
+49 (251) 83-33141
Fax:
+49 (251) 83-36013

Citations 11

"Development Of A Flow Injection Immunoanalysis (FIIA) For Pesticide Determination By Means Of Fluorescence Detection"
Proc. SPIE 1993 Volume 1885, Issue 1 Pages 165-167
Monika Wortberg; Cornelia Middendorf; Joerg Krause; Karl Cammann

Abstract: In this paper we describe the state of development of a flow-through immunosensor for quasi- continuous monitoring of pesticides, especially triazine herbicides, in drinking water. Starting with time-resolved fluoroimmunoassays using Eu-chelates as fluorescent labels, we obtained a detection limit of 0.1 µg/l for some triazine herbicides. The experimental parameters applied in assays on microtiter strips were transferred and adjusted to small carrier beads as solid phase in affinity columns. For fluorescence detection in the FIIA a pulsed laser was used as an excitation source. The light was coupled into a flow-through cuvette and the fluorescence signal was recorded with a photomultiplier tube working in a gated detection mode.

"Nitrate Sensor System For Continuous-flow Monitoring"
Sens. Actuat. B 1994 Volume 19, Issue 1-3 Pages 362-364
Otto Wassmus and Karl Cammann

Abstract: An 80 µm thick PVC-nitrate selective membrane, (cf. J. Sander, Thesis, University of Munster, 1991) was mounted on a Polyamid miniaturized body with a Ag tube internal reference covered with AgCl. The electrode was mounted within a purpose-constructed perspex flow-cell, together with a Ag/AgCl external reference electrode filled with AgCl saturated 3 M KCl. Both the working and reference electrodes were arranged perpendicular to the flow-through channel, of volume 20 µL. Calibration graphs of standard nitrate pumped through the cell at about 0.2 ml/min were linear for 0.01-10 mM nitrate with a detection limit of 3.6 µM. Higher chloride concentrations interfered with the sensor performance; interference from sulfate was negligible. The sensor system was used for environmental monitoring of ground water and water plants. Sensor lifetime was better than 6 months.
Nitrate Ground Environmental Electrode Electrode Sensor Interferences

"Ion-sensitive Field-effect Transistor With Improved Membrane Adhesion"
Sens. Actuat. B 1992 Volume 7, Issue 1-3 Pages 572-575
S. Ufer and K. Cammann

Abstract: The adhesion to an IFSET of an ammonium-sensitive, RTV-2 (siliconlopren) silicone rubber membrane with nonactin as the ionophore was investigated. An ammonium-sensitive chemical field-effect transistor (CHEMFET), a pseudo reference field effect transistor (REFET) and a Pt wire were integrated in a flow cell (without an external reference electrode) to investigate the durability of the Silopren membrane. Ammonium sensitivity in static measurements was 56 mV per decade within a linear range of 10^-5 to 10^-2M. In the flow injection system sensitivity was 52 mV per decade within a linear range of 10^-5 to 10^-3M. Long-term stability of CHEMFETs covered with such membranes is 4 weeks.
Ammonium Field effect transistor Electrode Membrane

"Screening-method For Organotins By Elimination Of The Inorganic Tin Matrix Using A Coupling Of Hydride Generation (HG) And Transversely Heated Graphite Atomizer-atomic Absorption Spectrometry (THGA-AAS)"
Fresenius J. Anal. Chem. 1997 Volume 359, Issue 3 Pages 239-243
H. G. Riepe A, D. Erber A, J. Bettmer A, K. Cammann

Abstract: A selective detection method for organotin compounds by elimination of the inorganic tin matrix has been worked out using a coupling of the hydride generation technique (HG) with transversely heated graphite atomizer-atomic absorption spectrometry (THGA-AAS). The suppression of the inorganic tin matrix bases on the utilization of kinetic interferences during the hydride generation step avoiding expensive chromatographic separation techniques. For the different organotins this method delivers detection limits in the range 0.9-1.2 wg/L using a 500 wL sample loop. In comparison with the fully automated determination system this modification represents an efficient screening-method for the determination of organotin in environmental samples allowing fast and inexpensive monitoring.
Tin, organic Spectrophotometry Interferences

"Sensitive Detection Of Ionic Organolead Compounds By Coupling Hydride Generation With Transversely Heated Graphite Atomizer-atomic Absorption Spectrometry"
Fresenius J. Anal. Chem. 1994 Volume 349, Issue 10-11 Pages 738-742
D. Erber, J. Bettmer and K. Cammann

Abstract: Ionic alkyl-lead compounds were determined using a FIA system having an Ar flow rate of 75 ml/min, 2.5% tartaric acid for HG, 4% H2O2 for mobilization of the hydride products and 0.5% NaBH4 reducing agent. The furnace temperature was 350°C for injection, 600°C for pre-treatment, 1600°C for atomization and 2400°C for glow-out and AAS peak heights were measured at 283.3 nm using a Perkin-Elmer Model 4100 ZL spectrometer. For di- and trimethyl-lead and di- and triethyl-lead in the concentration range 0.1-5 µg/l (as Pb), a sample loop of 1.5 mL gave linear calibration graphs except for trimethyl-lead which showed linearity from 0.1-2 µg/l. The detection limits of the four compounds were 19, 7, 25 and 21 ng/l, respectively, with RSD of 2.6-5.8%. Increasing the sample volume to 6 mL gave a detection limit of 1.5 ng/l for trimethyl-lead; use of a continuous-flow system with enrichment of a 50 mL sample gave detection limits 1 ng/l.
Trimethyllead Dimethyllead Triethyllead Diethyllead Spectrophotometry Volatile generation Preconcentration Volatile generation

"The Wickbold Combustion Method For The Determination Of Mercury Under Statistical Aspects"
Fresenius J. Anal. Chem. 1994 Volume 349, Issue 7 Pages 502-509
D. Erber, L. Quick, F. Winter, J. Roth and K. Cammann

Abstract: The Wickbold combustion method was used in the decomposition of environmental materials for the determination of Hg with use of a Perkin Elmer flow injection - cold vapor AAS analysis system. The method was applied to eight standard reference materials and the data were analyzed using a range of statistical procedures that are recommended for equality assurance purposes. For sample portions containing 1000 µg of Hg it was possible to decompose organic and inorganic samples quantitatively. The limit of detection was 2 µg/kg of Hg with a sample portion of 10 g.
Mercury Environmental Spectrophotometry Sample preparation Reference material

"Flow Injection Analysis With Electrochemical Detection"
Fresenius J. Anal. Chem. 1988 Volume 329, Issue 6 Pages 691-697
K. Cammann

Abstract: Two combinations of flow injection analysis with electrochemical detection are discussed. The use of potentiometry with ion-selective electrodes is illustrated by the determination of NO3- alone and simultaneously with Na+, K+, Ca(II), HCO3- and Cl- in drinking water, of Al without a reference electrode, of SO2 in grape juices, and of glucose in biological fluids. The apparatus is described and the experimental conditions are given. A hanging-mercury-drop electrode (at 0 V vs. Ag - AgCl) was used for the amperometric detection of ascorbic acid in a buffer (pH 4.7) stream.
Aluminum Ascorbic acid Glucose Nitrate Sulfur dioxide Biological fluid Juice Water Amperometry Electrode Electrode Potentiometry Interferences Review

"Simple, Selective And Sensitive Liquid Chromatographic Or Flow Injection Detector For Chloro-organic Compounds Based On Ion-selective Electrodes"
Fresenius J. Anal. Chem. 1986 Volume 325, Issue 1 Pages 11-14
Liliana Ilcheva and Karl Cammann

Abstract: The Cl- liberated by the electrolytic decomposition of chloroacetone (I) and the decomposition of I and 1-chloro-4-nitrobenzene by UV radiation was determined by using the detector of Ilcheva and Cammann (Ibid., 1985, 322, 323). The detection limit was in the nmol range. In the analysis of 50 µL of a 1 mM solution of Cl compound the coefficient of variation was ~5%. The detector, which can also be used to determine Br-, I- and S2- by using an appropriate ion-selective electrode, may be useful in LC.
Chlorine compounds HPLC Electrode

"Flow Injection Analysis Of Chloride In Tap And Sewage Water Using Ion-selective Electrode Detection"
Fresenius J. Anal. Chem. 1985 Volume 322, Issue 3 Pages 323-326
Liliana Ilcheva and Karl Cammann

Abstract: Tap-water or sewage water was analyzed by flow injection analysis with injection into the carrier stream (1.5 mL min-1) of 0.1 M KNO3, which flowed down a vertically suspended strip of filter-paper connected to a single-crystal AgCl membrane electrode and a double-junction reference electrode. Sixty samples h-1 could be analyzed and no serious interference was observed from S2-, I- or Br-. The limit of detection was 10 µM-Cl- and the coefficient of variation were 5 and 10% at >100 and 10 µM, respectively.
Chloride Water Water Electrode Electrode Interferences

"Electrochemical Anion Analysis And Its Significance For Speciation Analysis"
Fresenius J. Anal. Chem. 1985 Volume 320, Issue 5 Pages 429-434
Karl Cammann

Abstract: A survey over the most important electrochemical anion determination methods is given. With respect to speciation analysis the possibility of disturbing an ion equilibrium is pointed out, if separation methods are used. Selective electrochemical methods are described, which - if working without separation step and material consumption - do not change the sample matrix, thus leading to more accurate anion analysis including the information about the state of oxidation and binding.
Potentiometry Review Speciation

"Transversely Heated Graphite Atomizer-atomic Absorption Spectrometry (thga Aas) In Combination With Flow Injection Analysis System-hydride Generation (fias Hg) As A Reliable Screening Method For Organolead Compounds"
Appl. Organomet. Chem. 1994 Volume 8, Issue 7-8 Pages 615-620
J. Bettmer, K. Cammann

Abstract: The combination of a flow injection analysis system-hydride generation (FIAS HG) and transversely heated graphite atomizer-atomic absorption spectrometry (THGA AAS) has been applied for the sensitive detection of organolead compounds [e.g. detection limit of trimethyl-lead species (TriML): 32 ng L-1 for a 0.5 mL sample loop] in the presence of inorganic lead. A mixture of hydrochloric acid and ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid (EDTA) as a carrier solution in the flow injection system suppressed interferences of inorganic lead. Calibration with various organolead compounds in the range 0.25-8 g L-1 was carried out in the presence of 10 mg L-1 Pb2+ without any interferences. Additionally, statistical aspects of the determination of trimethyl-lead have been studied. Different parameters, e.g. working range, detection limit, recovery function etc., were calculated with respect to quality assurance in metal speciation.