University of North Florida
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Stuart Chalk, Ph.D.
Department of Chemistry
University of North Florida
Phone: 1-904-620-1938
Fax: 1-904-620-3535
Email: schalk@unf.edu
Website: @unf

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Education

Classification: Application -> Education

Citations 21

"Flow Injection Analyzer For Students, Teaching And Research. Spectrophotometric Methods"
Anal. Chim. Acta 1982 Volume 134, Issue 1 Pages 55-71
J. Rika, E. H. Hansen and A. U. Ramsing

Abstract: The flow streams in simple manifolds are propelled by controlled gas pressure; ancillary equipment consists of a small spectrophotometer or colorimeter and a chart recorder. The analytical result is available in less than 20 s after sample injection, with a reproducibility better than 1%, using microlitre volumes of sample and less than millilitre volumes of reagent per assay. These are the performance data of a simple, robust and inexpensive flow injection analyzer designed for use with a wide range of detectors. The application spectrophotometry is illustrated by five exercises aimed at teaching instrumental analysis and intended for those who wish to introduce flow injection analysis in their laboratories.
Calcium Chloride Chromium(VI) Fluorescence Luminescence Potentiometry Spectrophotometry

"Low-budget Flow Injection Device For Teaching. A $10 Six-port Valve"
Anal. Chim. Acta 1998 Volume 366, Issue 1-3 Pages 217-221
Olaf Elsholz*

Abstract: A novel sample introduction valve, based on the tubing clamp operation principle, is described for teaching flow injection analysis It was developed to overcome the shortage of instrumentation in elementary instruction courses in anal. chemical at Fachhochschule Hamburg. The materials for one valve, which can be easily build-up by the students, is <10.

"Evolution And Revolution In Quantitative Analysis"
Anal. Chem. 1995 Volume 67, Issue 17 Pages 532A-538A
Gary D. Christian

Abstract: The need for reform of the analytical chemistry curriculum as the new millennium approaches is discussed. A number of factors have influenced analytical chemistry teaching over the past decade. These are employment opportunities, growth in the number and complexity of analyzes due to increased government regulation, increased student interest and faculty appointments, continued grant support for fundamental research in the face of increased pressure for applied research, and the knowledge explosion that has occurred in areas such as chromatography and data handling. Undergraduate curricula must be updated to reflect these changes. One simple, yet effective, technique that could enhance an analytical chemistry course is that of flow injection analysis, which can produce spectrophotometric measurements in a fraction of the time required for conventional spectrophotometry. The evolution of analytical chemistry into the 20th century is outlined.

"Flow Injection Analysis In The Teaching Laboratory"
Fresenius J. Anal. Chem. 1982 Volume 312, Issue 5 Pages 441-443
D. Betteridge

Abstract: Experiences in the teaching laboratory with a very simple form of flow injection analysis, in which a constant head is used to propel the carrier stream and the detector is made by a combination of light emitting diode and phototransistor, are described and discussed.
Copper Cobalt Iron Lead Manganese Nickel

"A Simple Lecture Demonstration Of Flow Injection Analysis"
Fresenius J. Anal. Chem. 1988 Volume 329, Issue 6 Pages 675-677
Julian Tyson

Abstract: The difficulties of explaining the basic concepts of dispersion in flow injection analysis are discussed with particular reference to comparisons with segmented flow analysis and high performance liquid chromatography. The problems with diagrammatic illustration of the laminar flow processes and subsequent dispersion of an injected sample zone are explained. A simple demonstration based on a flow cell for a slide projector consisting of a peristaltic pump tube sandwiched between two slightly modified slide mounts is described.

"Analytical Chemical Laboratory Exercises On Basic And Advanced Level At The Technical University Budapest"
Fresenius J. Anal. Chem. 1997 Volume 357, Issue 2 Pages 227-228
E. Graf-Hars&aacute;nyi A, L&aacute;szl&oacute; Bez&uacute;r A, Zs&oacute;fia Feh&eacute;r

Abstract: An overview on the practical laboratory work done by the chemical engineering students is given at different levels of the curriculum of the Faculty of Chemical Engineering. Laboratory exercises and individual laboratory work is carried out at the following levels: Basic level. The different analytical chemical methods are acquisited by the students. Advanced level. A problem oriented project work is done with integrated use of the different analytical methods in the 8th semester. Thesis work. Specialized individual work on an elected research topic. Postgraduate courses. Organized for the understanding and practice of the latest methods and applications in the analytical chemistry. The programs of the different levels are detailed in the following.

"Putting The Chemistry Back Into Analytical Chemistry"
Microchem. J. 1992 Volume 45, Issue 2 Pages 143-162
Julian F. Tyson

Abstract: The need for cost-effective procedures in analytical chemistry is discussed, and is followed by a detailed review of flow injection analysis, with 132 references. These references are subdivided into a table of review articles concerned with flow injection atomic spectrometry from 1985 to 1991, and a table containing a survey of flow injection atomic spectrometry literature in 1990. A review with 132 references. Aspects of the current status of and research in anal. chemical are briefly discussed and the need for cost effective anal. procedures is emphasized. The present and future of a number of aspects of flow injection analysis are considered. These include the basic theory, the kinetic features, the control features, time-based methodology, and the coupling of sample pretreatment with instrumentation. Several aspects of this latter topic are considered with particular reference to the flow injection atomic spectrometry combination. Problems of kinetic mismatch between chemistry, manifold residence, and instrument operation are discussed and some possible solutions proposed including the use of closed loop manifolds.

"Overhead Projector Flow Injection Analysis"
Anal. Proc. 1993 Volume 30, Issue 1 Pages 10-12
Kate Grudpan and Thanboosak Thanasarn

Abstract: A device (details and diagram given) is described in which the components are mounted on an acrylic sheet (30 cm x 30 cm x 2 mm) and then placed on an overhead projector to demonstrate the principles of flow injection analysis. The mixing coil (2 m x 1.3 mm; polyethylene tubing) is wound on a transparent former and attached via the injector to a gravity-fed carrier solution; a simple mixing chamber and a visual detector cell are also included. The device could demonstrate the effect on dispersion of coil length, sample size and flow rate. The performance was exemplified by the injection of acid solution into NaOH containing indicator, and of Cl- solution into a carrier containing Hg(SCN)2 and Fe(NO3)3. Calibration graphs of residence time vs. log concentration. were used to analyze commercial vinegars for acetic acid.
pH Chloride Acetic acid Food Spectrophotometry

"The Principles Of Flow Injection Analysis As Demonstrated By Three Lab Exercises"
J. Chem. Educ. 1979 Volume 56, Issue 10 Pages 677-680
Hansen, E. H.; Ruzicka, J.

Abstract: Three lab. experiments are described to illustrate a continuous-flow anal. technique, in which samples are injected into a continuously moving stream. The sample then mixes with and reacts with reagents in the stream (or added downstream) prior to its passage through a detecting device. Significant factors in this flow injection analysis technique are sample injection, reproducible timing, and controlled dispersion. The described experiments are for determination of chloride in water samples, determination of phosphate in output from a chromatography column, and titration of a strong acid with a strong base.
Acids Bases Chloride Phosphate Phosphates Water Spectrophotometry

"An Ion-selective Electrode/flow Injection Analysis Experiment. Determination Of Potassium In Serum"
J. Chem. Educ. 1983 Volume 60, Issue 9 Pages 766-768
Mark E. Meyerhoff and Paul M. Kovach

Abstract: A low-cost experiment intended for senior-level instrumental anal. courses and devised to introduce students to ion-selective electrode/flow-injection anal. (ISE/FIA) methods is described. A home-made K selective tubular flow-through electrode is prepared and then incorporated into a FIA system. The students are directed to study and optimize the resulting ISE-FIA arrangement in terms of selectivity properties, sample through-put capabilities, precision, and dispersion properties. They can then use their home-made system to determine the K content of commercial available preassayed control serum and can compare anal. results to other methods.
Potassium Blood Serum Electrode

"The Design Of A Computer-controlled Flow Injection Analyzer: An Undergraduate Experiment"
J. Chem. Educ. 1985 Volume 62, Issue 1 Pages 65-67
Sam A. McClintock, James R. Weber and William C. Purdy

Abstract: An undergraduate experiment is described in the student design and construction of a simple solid-state photometer and use as a detector in a flow-injection or continuous-flow analyzer. Photodetector electronics and flow cell and student data acquisition system are illustrated.
Acetylsalicylic acid Spectrophotometry

"Determination Of Reaction Stoichiometries By Flow Injection Analysis. A Laboratory Exercise"
J. Chem. Educ. 1986 Volume 63, Issue 6 Pages 552-553
Angel Rios, Dolores Luque de Castro and Miguel Valcarcel

Abstract: A laboratory experiment is described for the determination of reaction stoichiometries using a photometric method for the calculation of complex-formation and redox-reaction stoichiometries. The method is based on a closed-loop configuration
Iron(III) Chromium(VI) Spectrophotometry

"The ASYST Language For The IBM PC. An Application To Flow Injection Analysis"
J. Chem. Educ. 1986 Volume 63, Issue 8 Pages 709-711
Keller, John W.; Gould, Timothy F.; Aubert, Keri T.

Abstract: The ASYST software package was used for acquiring data on an IBM PC in a flow injection analysis experiment. The software was used to make and store analog-to-digital conversions from the spectrophotometer output, smooth, normalize, and display absorbance time data, and calculated sample analyte concentrations. Flow injection analysis profiles from amino acid samples are presented.
Alanine Spectrophotometry

"Investigation Of Temperature Effects On Dispersion In A Flow Injection Analyzer. A Laboratory Exercise."
J. Chem. Educ. 1988 Volume 65, Issue 7 Pages 645-647
C. L. M. Stults, A. P. Wade and S. R. Crouch

Abstract: A lab. experiment is described that illustrates the effect of temperature upon dispersion in a flow injection analyzer. The experiment shows that sample dispersion decreases with increasing temp.
Alizarin red 4-Nitrophenol Water Spectrophotometry

"Comparison Of Continuous Flow Analysis Techniques - A Laboratory Exercise"
J. Chem. Educ. 1989 Volume 66, Issue 12 Pages 1060-1062
C. L. M. Stults , Paul R. Kraus , S. K. Ratanathanawongs , Chas. J. Patton and S. R. Crouch

Abstract: A lab. experiment is described that demonstrates the differences between air-segmented continuous-flow and nonsegmented continuous-flow (or flow-injection) anal. The determination of chloride and nitrite are used to demonstrate these differences. The dispersion characteristics of the 2 techniques are compared by monitoring the absorbance of phenol red at 540 nm.
Nitrite Water Spectrophotometry

"A Microconduit Flow Injection Analysis Demonstration Using A 35-mm Slide Projector"
J. Chem. Educ. 1990 Volume 67, Issue 3 Pages 262-263
Ian D. McKelvie, Terence J. Cardwell and Robert W. Cattrall

Abstract: A 35-mm projection demonstration of flow injection analysis is described that combines the advantages of a highly magnified view of the sample zone as it undergoes dispersion and the ability to show a 3-line flow injection analysis manifold. The microconduit slide described can be used to illustrate any 3-line flow injection analysis in which the analyte yields a strongly colored product. The benefits of stopped-flow injection analysis can be shown using the described arrangement.
Bromothymol blue Water Spectrophotometry

"Reaction Kinetics In A Flow Injection Spectrophotometric Experiment - A Laboratory Exercise"
J. Chem. Educ. 1991 Volume 68, Issue 11 Pages 966-968
Joaquim A. Nobrega , Antonio A. Mozeto and Rosana M. Alberici

Abstract: A laboratory experiment is described that introduces students to some modern aspects of anal. chemical and some fundamentals of flow-injection anal. A modified Bertholet's reaction is used (reaction of NH3+, ClO-, and salicylate in alkaline medium to yield a blue product) to demonstrate the relationship between reaction kinetics and sensitivity when an anal. signal is measured under conditions in which chemical equilibrium is not obtained.
Salicylate Spectrophotometry

"The $25 Flow Injection Analyzer - An Affordable Instrument For Every Laboratory"
J. Chem. Educ. 1993 Volume 70, Issue 6 Pages 511-513
Lawrence C. Davis

Abstract: A flow injection analyzer is only a little more difficult to construct than a simple colorimeter at about the same cost. It can yield highly sensitive analyzes with use of small volumes of analyte and 1-2 mL of reagent per sample, generally 5-10-fold less than required for test tube analyzes. Concern for disposal of hazardous substances is leading to miniaturization of many techniques. Use of flow injection analysis can reduce waste prodn. substantially. The design presented here is a minimal one. With an obsolete spectrophotometer as the detector, one could construct a much more versatile instrument having wavelength adjustment. However, a high degree of portability is a virtue of the present set-up, as discussed by Bauer et al. The instruments could be mass produced quite economically once the design is fixed for a particular set of applications.
Protein Spectrophotometry

"Automated Protein Assay Using Flow Injection Analysis"
J. Chem. Educ. 1998 Volume 75, Issue 8 Pages 1025-1028
Carrie A. C. Wolfe, Matthew R. Oates and David S. Hage

Abstract: A simple flow injection analysis system is described that can be used in undergraduate instrumental anal. labs for performing bicinchoninic acid protein assays. This system can either be used to illustrate the principles of flow injection anal., or it can serve as a means for introducing students to a common method used in analyzing biological related samples.
Bicinchoninic acid Protein Spectrophotometry

"An Experiment In The Sampling Of Solids For Chemical Analysis"
J. Chem. Educ. 1998 Volume 75, Issue 8 Pages 1028-1033
Robert D. Guy , Louis Ramaley and Peter D. Wentzell

Abstract: An experiment was developed to show students taking the anal. chemical lab. at the third-year level the limitations imposed by sampling in a real chemical anal. problem. The molybdenum-blue method is employed for the determination of phosphate in the presence of sodium chloride and, to facilitate rapid anal., the method is implemented as a flow injection analysis technique.
Phosphate Inorganic compound Spectrophotometry

"A Multifaceted Education In Automatic Analysis"
Lab. Pract. 1980 Volume 29, Issue NA Pages 1179-1181
Stanley, R.

Abstract: NA