University of North Florida
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Stuart Chalk, Ph.D.
Department of Chemistry
University of North Florida
Phone: 1-904-620-1938
Fax: 1-904-620-3535
Email: schalk@unf.edu
Website: @unf

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Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry

  • Publisher: Springer
  • FAD Code: JRNC
  • CODEN: JRNCDM
  • ISSN: 0236-5731
  • Abbreviation: J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem.
  • DOI Prefix: 10.1007/s10967
  • Language: English
  • Comments: Fulltext from 1984 V81. Merged from the Journal of Radioanalytical Chemistry and Radiochemical and Radioanalytical Letters in 1983. Was published by Elsevier through 1999. Abstracts available from 2000

Citations 28

"Application Of XRF And Field Portable XRF For Environmental Analysis"
J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 2004 Volume 262, Issue 2 Pages 533-541
F. L. Melquiades and C. R. Appoloni

Abstract: The aim of the present review is to evaluate, on the basis of published papers, the real potential of XRF technique for environmental analysis. Special attention is given for the determination of heavy metal pollution in water. Results of numerous papers for various samples are presented. Some details of the technique and pre-concentration methods employed are also discussed.

"Flow Injection Extraction Chromatography With ICP-MS For Thorium And Uranium Determination In Human Body Fluids"
J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 2004 Volume 261, Issue 1 Pages 125-131
S. Yu. Tolmachyov, J. Kuwabara and H. Noguchi

Abstract: A method based on flow injection extraction chromatography coupled to on-line ICP-MS (FI-EXC-ICPMS) has been developed and validated for simultaneous thorium and uranium determination in human body fluids. By using extraction chromatography, the limits of detection achieved for 232Th, 235U and 238U were 0.06 ng.l-1, 0.0014 ng.l-1 and 0.05 ng.l-1, respectively. The accuracy of the FI-EXC-ICPMS method was 102.4% and 101.5% with overall precision (RSDmax at 95% CI) of 5.3% and 4.9% for 232Th and 238U, respectively. The 235U/238U atom ratio is measured with 1.8% precision. The technique was employed for simultaneous thorium and uranium analyzes in human urine and blood samples after microwave digestion.

"Preliminary Study Of Selenium And Mercury Distribution In Some Porcine Tissues And Their Subcellular Fractions By NAA And HG-AFS"
J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 2004 Volume 259, Issue 3 Pages 459-463
Jiujiang Zhao, Chunying Chen, Peiqun Zhang, Zhifang Chai, Liya Qu and Mei Li

Abstract: Selenium and mercury distribution in porcine tissues and their subcellular fractions from a mercury-polluted area of Guizhou Province and from a not mercury-exposed area of Beijing in China have been studied with neutron activation analysis and hydride generation-atomic fluorescence spectrometry. Both the selenium and mercury levels are higher in Guizhou porcine tissues and their subcellular fractions than those in Beijing. These two elements are highly enriched in kidney and liver of Guizhou pig, while selenium is only enriched in the kidney of Beijing pig. Exposure of mercury may result in redistribution of Se and Hg in vivo. The Hg/Se molar ratio of the subcellular fractions is very low in the case of relatively low mercury level and gradually reaches to a high constant value with increasing level of mercury, which implies that selenium and mercury may form some special complexes in the organisms.

"Determination Of Mercury In Air By Adsorption On Hopcalite And By Neutron Activation Analysis"
J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 2002 Volume 252, Issue 3 Pages 577-578
D. Leyni-Barbaz, L. Zikovsky, L. Poissant

Abstract: A new method for the determination of mercury in air has been developed. It combines the adsorption of mercury on Hopcalite (a material approved for this purpose by the National Institute of Health of the United States) and its quantification by neutron activation. The concentrations of mercury in office air in Montreal, Canada, were determined by instrumental semiabsolute neutron activation analysis. They varied from 39 to 48 ng/m(3). The results were compared with the concentrations of mercury in office air determined simultaneously at the same place by cold vapor atomic fluorescence spectrophotometry. A close correlation between the results of the 2 methods was obtained. The detection limit of our method is about 14 ng/m(3).

"Rapid Determination Of Tc-99 In Environmental Samples By High Resolution ICP-MS Coupled With On-line Flow Injection System"
J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 2002 Volume 252, Issue 2 Pages 421-427
C. K. Kim, C. S. Kim, B.H. Rho, J.I. Lee

Abstract: High resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry coupled with an on-line flow injection system (FI-HR-ICP-MS) was applied to determine the ultra-trace level Tc-99 in soil. The flow injection system (PrepLab™) was composed of two TEVA-Spec(R) resins, reduced remarkably the sample amounts and the analysis time, compared to the conventional analytical methods. In the flow injection system, Mo and Ru were sufficiently eliminated by using the flow injection system, with the decontamination factors of 1.6.10(4) and 9.9.10(5), respectively. With the present method, it was possible to determine ultra-low level of Tc-99 in 3-6 g soil at 3-5 hours of analysis time per sample. The relative standard deviation for each sample was less than 4%. The detection limits for Tc-99 was 85 fg mL-1 (0.05 mBq.ml-1), which was calculated from the three times standard deviation of the count rate of the blank.

"Humic Acids As A Scavenger Of Manganese(II) And Zinc(II) In Soil Environment Using A Radiotracer Technique"
J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 2001 Volume 250, Issue 3 Pages 433-436
M. Nakayama, R. Fujiyoshi, S. Sawamura

Abstract: The uptake of manganese(II) and zinc(II) by humic acids (HA) was investigated using a radiotracer technique in order to elucidate their ability of scavenging heavy metals released into the soil environment. Metal uptake by HA was affected by aqueous pH, in which the amounts of Mn(II) and Zn(II) associated with RA showed a similar pattern against pH. These facts indicate that interactions of Mn(II) and Zn(II) with FIA would be ionic in character, and affected by properties of the carboxyl groups in HA.

"Determination Of Mercury And Selenium In Hair Samples Of Brazilian Indian Populations Living In The Amazonic Region By NAA"
J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 2000 Volume 244, Issue 1 Pages 81-85
M. B. A. Vasconcellos, P. Bode, G. Paletti, M. G. M. Catharino, A. K. Ammerlaan, M. Saiki, D. I. T. Fávaro, A. R. Byrne, R. Baruzzi, D. A. Rodrigues

Abstract: Biomonitoring of mercury contamination of Brazilian Indian population groups living in the Xingu Park, a reservation situated in the Amazonic region, has revealed very high levels of mercury in hair samples as compared to controls. Total mercury was determined by INAA in most of the tribes living in the Park and methylmercury was determined by CVAAS in samples with total mercury above 10 mg/kg. Due to the fact that selenium seems to protect animals against the toxic effects of methylmercury, it was considered also of interest to determine its concentrations in the hair samples with very high mercury levels. Selenium was determined by INAA via the short-lived radionuclide Se-77 m (T-1/2 = 17.45 s). The correlations between selenium and mercury concentrations in Brazilian controls and in the Indian population groups are discussed.

"Determination Of Uranium In Human Hair By Acid Digestion And FIAS-ICPMS"
J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 2000 Volume 243, Issue 2 Pages 559-562
R. Gonnen, R. Kol, Y. Laichter, P. Marcus, L. Halicz, A. Lorber, Z. Karpas

Abstract: The content of heavy metals in human hair may serve as an indicator of occupational or environmental exposure to metal compounds. However, before such exposure can be determined, the level of the element in a normal population must be established. The concentration of uranium in human hair was measured by flow injection - inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (FIAS-ICPMS) after acid digestion of the hair samples. All hair samples were rinsed in order to remove external contamination prior to the digestion in a 2:1 solution of concentrated nitric acid and 30% hydrogen peroxide. The limit of detection of the method, for a 50 mg hair sample, was 0.015 µg/g, mainly due to the presence of impurities in the hydrogen peroxide. The range of uranium concentration in the initial test group was found to be 0.01-0.18 µg/g. The mean and median values of the entire study population were 0.062 and 0.050 µg U/g hair, respectively. Differences between the following sub-populations: male and female, smokers and non-smokers and people below and above 45 years of age were examined. The only statistically significant difference was found in the latter group (p = 0.03).

"Determination Of Total And Extractable Hydrogen Peroxide In Organic And Aqueous Solutions Of Uranyl Nitrate"
J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 1999 Volume 240, Issue 1 Pages 5-13
Ph. Goodall

Abstract: The development of a spectrophotometric method for the determination of hydrogen peroxide in uranyl nitrate solutions is reported. The method involves the measurement of the absorbance at 520 nm of a vanadyl peroxide species. This species was formed by the addition of a reagent consisting of vanadium (V) (50 mmol L-1) in dilute sulfuric acid (2 mol L-1 H2SO4) This reagent, after dilution, was also used as an extractant for organic phase samples. The method is simple and robust and tolerant of nitric acid and U(VI). Specificity and accuracy were improved by the application of solid phase extraction techniques to remove entrained organic solvents and Pu(IV). Reverse phase solid phase extraction was used to clean-up aqueous samples or extracts which were contaminated with entrained solvent. A solid phase extraction system based upon an extraction chromatography system was used to remove Pu(IV). Detection limits of 26 µmol L-1 (0.88 µg mL-1) or 7 µmol L-1 (0.24 µg mL-1) for, respectively, a 1 and 4 cm path length cell were obtained. Precisions of RSD = 1.4% and 19.5% were obtained at the extremes of the calibration curve (5 mmol L-1 and 50 µmol L-1 H2O2, 1 cm cell). The introduction of the extraction and clean-up stages had a negligible effect upon the precision of the determination. The stability of an organic phase sample was tested and no loss of analyte could be discerned over a period of at least 5 days. The presence of trace levels of reductants interfered with the determination, e.g., hydrazine (<2 mmol L-1)), but this effect was ameliorated by increasing the concentration of the colorimetric reagent.
Hydrogen peroxide Industrial Spectrophotometry Interferences

"Automation Of Radiochemical Analysis By Flow Injection Techniques. Americium-plutonium Separation Using TRU-resin Sorbent Extraction Column"
J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 1998 Volume 234, Issue 1-2 Pages 231-235
O. Egorov, J. W. Grate and J. Ruzicka

Abstract: A rapid automated flow injection analysis (FIA) procedure was developed for efficient separation of Am and Pu from each other and from interfering matrix and radionuclide components using a TRU-resin (EIChrom) column. Selective Pu elution is enabled via on-column reduction The separation was developed using online radioactivity detection. After the separation had been developed, fraction collection was used to obtain the separated fractions. In this manner, a FIA instrument functions as an automated separation workstation capable of unattended operation.
Americium Plutonium Waste Ion exchange Radiochemical Preconcentration Resin Interferences On column reduction Automation

"Spectrophotometric Determination Of Uranium By Flow Injection Analysis Using U/TEVA.Spec Chromatographic Resin"
J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 1998 Volume 229, Issue 1-2 Pages 179-181
K. Grudpan, J. Jakmunee and P. Sooksamiti

Abstract: A flow injection analysis (FIA) system is described for the determination of uranium. The system consists of a microcolumn packed with, U/TEVA.Spec, chromatography resin for online sample separation The eluate is mixed with 4-(2-pyridylazo) resorcinol (PAR). The colored product is continuously monitored spectrophotometrically.
Uranium Spectrophotometry Resin

"Further Studies On Model Radioactive Wastewaters By Reverse Radiometric Flow Injection Analysis"
J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 1997 Volume 22, Issue 2 Pages 255-257
Myint U, Khin Khin Saw, Nang Mo Kham and J. T&ouml;lgyessy

Abstract: Rapid, safe and cost effective techniques for study of radiochemical wastes have been investigated by many workers. This work deals with a further study on this aspect by reverse radiometric flow injection analysis (rRFIA) technique. 137Cs and 60Co were determined in model radioactive wastewaters.
Cobalt-60 Cesium-137 Waste Radiochemical Reverse

"Response To The Comments By K. Grudpan On"
J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 1995 Volume 201, Issue 3 Pages 257-261
Myint U and J. T&ouml;lgyessy

Abstract: The criticisms of Grudpan (Ibid., 1995, 201, 251) concerning papers by Myint et al. (Ibid., 1994, 187, 117, 179) and Tolgyessy and Harangozo (Ibid., 1993, 176, 113) are refuted in detail.
Radiochemical Letter

"Letters On Flow Injection Analysis And Radiochemical Techniques"
J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 1995 Volume 201, Issue 3 Pages 251-256
K. Grudpan

Abstract: Grudpan questions the validity, veracity and originality of various points in papers by Myint et al. (Ibid., 1994, 187, 117, 179) and Tolgyessy and Harangozo (Ibid., 1993, 176, 113). (8 References)
Radiochemical Letter

"Determination Of Cobalt And Cesium By Stopped-flow RFIA With The Aid Of Multichannel Analyser"
J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 1995 Volume 201, Issue 3 Pages 185-189
Myint U., Thida and J. T&ouml;lgyessy

Abstract: The RFIA (radiometric FIA) system described previously (Ibid., 1994, 187, 117) was used with a NaI(Tl) scintillation detector connected to a multichannel analyzer.. The sample solution containing 60Co and 137Cs was injected (0.2, 0.4 or 0.6 ml) into an aqueous carrier stream (0.7 ml/min); the 137Cs activity was measured in the flowing stream, but for the 60Co the flow was stopped for 600 s for activity measurement. The peak heights varied linearly with activity for both analytes.
Cobalt-60 Cesium-137 Radiochemical Scintillation counter Spectroscopy Stopped-flow

"Simultaneous Determination Of Cobalt-60, Iodine-131 And Caesium-137 In Model Radioactive Waste Water By Reverse Radiometric Flow Injection Analysis With The Aid Of A Multichannel Analyser"
J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 1995 Volume 201, Issue 2 Pages 171-176
Myint U, Than Than Soe, Khaing San, Ba Han, Thida, Khin Mg Myoe and J. T&ouml;lgyessy

Abstract: H2O (0.3, 0.6, 1.2 or 1.5 ml) was injected into a stream of the sample (1 ml/min) in the radiochemical FIA system described previously (Ibid., 1994, 187, 351), which incorporated a NaI(Tl) detector connected to a multichannel analyzer.. The depths of the reverse FIA peaks for the different volumes of water injected are shown diagrammatically and graphically for 131I, 137Cs and 60Co. Clearly separated peaks for these radioisotopes in a single sample stream upon injection of water are shown, the peak depth for a particular radioisotope being referred to a calibration graph for that radioisotope with the same injection volume of H2O.
Cesium-137 Cobalt-60 Iodine 131 Waste Radiochemical Scintillation counter Spectroscopy Reverse

"Computer Program For Radiometric Flow Injection Analysis"
J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 1995 Volume 201, Issue 2 Pages 143-153
U Myint, Khin Mg Myoe, J. T&ouml;lgyessy

Abstract: The program CARFIA (Computer-Aided Radiometric FIA), which was developed for instrument control and data processing in FIA on a PC/XT computer with an interface card for direct reading from the γ-ray counter, has been modified (CARFIAM) for use with a 386 PC/AT computer without an interface card, the data being input from the keyboard instead. Both programs are available from the authors.
Radiochemical Spectroscopy Computer

"The Principle And Preliminary Studies On Sub-super-equivalence Flow Injection Analysis (SSEFIA)"
J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 1995 Volume 201, Issue 2 Pages 105-116
U Myint, J. Lesn&yacute;, J. T&ouml;lgyessy

Abstract: The coupling of sub-super-equivalence isotope-dilution analysis (Klas et al., Radiochem. Radioanal. Lett., 1974, 18, 83; Lesny et al., J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., 1988, 28, 443) with radiochemical FIA (Ibid., 1994, 187, 117) (diagram of manifold presented) was evaluated, and shown to be feasible, with the extraction of 109Cd from a buffered aqueous stream into a stream of dithizone solution in CHCl3.
Cadmium-109 Radiochemical Mass spectrometry Sample preparation Extraction Dithizone

"Studies On Some Experimental Parameters Of Radiometric Flow Injection Analysis (RFIA) Using Caesium-137 And Cobalt-60"
J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 1995 Volume 201, Issue 2 Pages 97-103
Myint U, Khin Mg Myoe, Ba Han and J. T&ouml;lgyessy

Abstract: The radiochemical FIA system described previously (Ibid., 1994, 187, 117, 179) was used with an NaI(Tl) detector connected to a single-channel analyzer.. The merging-zone and sample-injection modes (loc. cit.) were used for the cited radioisotopes; for both, the optimum tube i.d. was 1 mm.
Cesium-137 Cobalt-60 Radiochemical Scintillation counter Spectroscopy Merging zones

"Automated Radiochemical Procedure For Plutonium And Americium Measurement"
J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 1995 Volume 197, Issue 2 Pages 211-218
A. E. Nevissi and R. S. Strebin

Abstract: A radiochemical separation method for plutonium and americium from aqueous medium has been developed using a pre-packed resin column, a peristaltic pump, and the necessary tubing and valves for flow injection technique. All the radioanalytical operations were conducted in-line. Samples made of plutonium and americium tracers in water were analyzed by this technique and counted by α spectroscopy. The results show that plutonium and americium can be measured simultaneously using this technique.
Plutonium Americium Water Spectroscopy Resin

"Radiometric Flow Injection Analysis"
J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 1995 Volume 191, Issue 2 Pages 413-426
U Myint and J. T&ouml;lgyessy

Abstract: A review is presented, with sections on the measurement of radioactivity in FIA, types of radiochemical FIA, construction of a radiochemical FIA system, reverse radiochemical FIA, flow injection activation analysis and flow injection radiorelease analysis. (28 references).
Neutron activation analysis Radiochemical Review

"Reverse Radiometric Flow Injection Analysis (RFIA) Of Radioactive Waste Waters With An ASIA (Ismatec) Analyser"
J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 1994 Volume 187, Issue 5 Pages 351-354
Myint U, J. T&ouml;lgyessy, Naing Win, Khaing San, Ba Han and Khin Mg Myoe

Abstract: A FIA method for the determination of 131I in waste water was described in which the analyte solution was used as the carrier stream. A 0.1-0.83 mL volume of water was injected into the waste water stream (1.25 ml/min) and passed through the flow detector cell. The detector cell consisted of a coiled plastic tube (60 cm length) placed adjacent to a NaI(Tl) scintillation counter. A linear relationship between peak height and volume of water injected was obtained. No other details are given.
Iodine 131 Waste Radiochemical Scintillation counter Detector Flowcell

"Radiometric Flow Injection Analysis With An ASIA (Ismatec) Analyser"
J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 1994 Volume 187, Issue 5 Pages 345-349
Myint U, J. T&ouml;lgyessy, Naing Win, Khaing San, Ba Han and Khin Mg Myoe

Abstract: A FIA system for the determination of 131I was described. A 0.1-0.88 mL volume of analyte solution was injected into a water carrier stream (1.25 ml/min) and passed through the flow detector cell. The detector cell consisted of a coiled plastic tube (60 cm length) placed adjacent to a NaI(Tl) scintillation detector. A linear relationship between peak height and injected volume was obtained. No other details are given.
Iodine 131 Waste Radiochemical Scintillation counter Flowcell Detector

"Modified And Reverse Radiometric Flow Injection Analysis"
J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 1994 Volume 187, Issue 3 Pages 179-184
Myint U, Ba Han, Khin Mg Myoe, Aung Kywe, Thida and J. T&ouml;lgyessy

Abstract: The radiometric flow injection analyzer. previously described (cf., Ibid., 1994, 187, 117) was modified slightly by using gravity feed of the sample from a burette, with separate control of the liquid height in the burette and the carrier reservoir. The method was tested with use of 137Cs or 60Co solution, with counting of the activity in 10 s periods. Calibration graphs of amount injected against peak height (or peak depth for reverse flow injection) were linear, implying similar peak shapes and dispersions. Solutions containing both radionuclides were also analyzed with use of a NaI(Tl) multichannel analyzer.. The reverse flow injection method seems well suited to the analysis of radioactive waste waters.
Cesium-137 Cobalt-60 Waste Radiochemical Peak shape Reverse

"Radiometric Detection In Flow Injection Analysis (radiometric Flow Injection Analysis)"
J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 1994 Volume 187, Issue 2 Pages 117-122
Myint U, Ba Han, Khin Mg Myoe, Aung Kywe, Thida and J. T&ouml;lgyessy

Abstract: The simple single-line manifold described consists of a constant-head gravity feed for carrier water, an injection port [cf. Betteridge et al., Analyst (London), 1978, 103, 897], a mixing coil (coiled plastic tubing), a flow cell [coiled plastic tubing (70-180 cm) on a cardboard backing] and a NaI(Tl) detector with a single-channel analyzer.. The system has been used to determine 60Co
Cobalt-60 Waste Radiochemical Optimization

"Arsenic Speciation In Aqueous Samples Using A Selective As(III)/As(V) Preconcentration In Combination With An Automatable Cryotrapping Hydride Generation Procedure For Monomethylarsonic Acid And Dimethylarsinic Acid"
J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 1994 Volume 179, Issue 2 Pages 211-219
J. T. Van Elteren, H. A. Das, C. L. De Ligny, J. Agterdenbos and D. Bax

Abstract: Differentiation between As(III) and As(V) is accomplished using earlier developed selective pre-concentration methods (carbamate and molybdate mediated (co)precipitation of As(III) and As(V) respectively) follewed by AAS detection of the (co)precipitates. Apart from this, separation of methylated arsenic species is performed by an automatable system comprising a continuous flow hydride generation unit in which monomethylarsonic acid (MMAA) and dimethylarsinic acid (DMAA) are converted into their corresponding volatile methylarsines, monomethylarsine (MMA) and dimethylarsine (DMA) respectively. These species are cryogenically trapped in a Teflon-line stainless stell U-tube packed with a gas chromatographic solid-phase and subsequently separated by selective volatilization. A novel gas drying technique by means of a 'Perma Pure' dryer was applied successfully prior to trapping. Detection is by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). MMAA and DMAA are determined with absolute limits of detection of 0.2 and 0.5 ng, respectively. Investigation of the behavior of the methylarsines in the system was conducted with synthesized 73As labeled methylated arsenic species. It was found that MMA is taken through the system quantitatively whereas DMA is recovered for about 85%. The optimized system combined with selective As(III)/As(V) pre-concentration has been tested out for arsenic speciation of sediment interstitial water from the 'Chemiehaven' at Rotterdam. The obtained concentrations are 28.5, 26.8 and 0.60 ng mL-1 for As(III), As(V) and MMAA, respectively, whereas the DMAA concentration was below 0.16 ng mL-1.
monomethylarsonic acid Dimethylarsinic acid Interstitial Spectrophotometry Speciation Preconcentration Volatile generation

"Flow Injection Activation Analysis"
J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 1993 Volume 176, Issue 2 Pages 113-115
J. T&ouml;lgyessy and M. Harangozo

Abstract: Deatails are given of flow injection activation analysis which is based on the injection of a liquid sample into a moving, nonsegmented continuous carrier stream, usually water. The sample forms a zone which is transferred towards a neutron irradiation flow cell, with a radionuclide source (e.g. Pu-Be), and a radiactivity detector. The system includes an irradiation coil in which the sample is dispersed and irradiated, forming a radionuclide which is detected. A schematic diagram is given of the manifold used. The method was used to determine Ag; no further experimental details are given.
Silver Neutron activation analysis Theory

"Multielement Isotope Dilution Analysis By Means Of Radiometric Titration"
J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 1981 Volume 67, Issue 1 Pages 5-14
P. C. A. Ooms, G. P. Leendertse, H. A. Das, U. A. Th. Brinkman

Abstract: A theoretical concept is derived for multielement isotope dilution analysis in a liquid-liquid extraction system. The practical performance is based on radiometric titration. To that purpose a prototype of a titration/extraction vessel with flow injection has been constructed. For calculations of the initial concentrations of the elements of interest from the experimental data, a computer program has been developed.
Mass spectrometry Sample preparation Computer Dilution Extraction Theory Titrations