University of North Florida
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Stuart Chalk, Ph.D.
Department of Chemistry
University of North Florida
Phone: 1-904-620-1938
Fax: 1-904-620-3535
Email: schalk@unf.edu
Website: @unf

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Nicotine

  • IUPAC Name: 3-[(2S)-1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl]pyridine
  • Molecular Formula: C10H14N2
  • CAS Registry Number: 54-11-5
  • InChI: InChI=1S/C10H14N2/c1-12-7-3-5-10(12)9-4-2-6-11-8-9/h2,4,6,8,10H,3,5,7H2,1H3
  • InChI Key: SNICXCGAKADSCV-JTQLQIEISA-N

@ ChemSpider@ NIST@ PubChem

Citations 6

"Determination Of Nicotine By Reagent-injection Flow Injection Photometric Method"
Talanta 1998 Volume 47, Issue 4 Pages 833-840
Jingfu Liu* and Yingdi Feng

Abstract: Nicotine was determined by a reagent-injection flow injection photometric method making use of the Koing reaction. The applicability of four color reagents, aniline, barbituric acid, pyrazolone and sulfanilic acid, were evaluated and the sulfanilic acid was selected. The linear range, detection limit, RSD, and sample throughput of the established sulfanilic acid method were 0-10 mg L-1, 0.12 mg L-1, 0.7% and 50 h-1, respectively. Background absorption from sample matrix was eliminated by the reagent-injection flow injection technique. The proposed method was applied to determine nicotine in tobacco and urine samples with satisfactory results.
Leaves Urine Spectrophotometry Reverse Optimization

"Dye-sensitized Continuous Photochemical Analysis: Identification And Relative Importance Of Key Experimental Parameters"
Anal. Chem. 1975 Volume 47, Issue 6 Pages 903-908
V. R. White and J. M. Fitzgerald

Abstract: Important operating conditions for a new analytical technique, based on dye-sensitized reactions carried out in flowing streams, were evaluated. The photoredox reaction used was a form of triplet energy transfer wherein a colored organic dye absorbed light to generate the excited state triplet, which then abstracted electrons from a suitable substrate. The products of the reaction were colorless reduced dye and substrate oxidation products; spectrometric measurement of dye photobleaching was employed. The rate and stoichiometry of photoredox reactions were dramatically affected by the structures of dye and substrate used, dissolved O and reaction pH. Other important parameters, largely associated with the app. used, were dye-carrier flow rate, photolysis source power, and reaction temperature Data for these measurements with methylene blue and rose bengal were reported for the model substrates ascorbic acid, epinephrine, nicotine, and caffeine. Appropriate operating conditions gave low µM limits-of-detection and 1% precision.
Spectrophotometry Theory Photochemistry

"Automated Tobacco Analysis By Means Of Flow Injection Analysis"
Beitr. Tabakforsch. Int. 1988 Volume 14, Issue 2 Pages 105-118
Finster P, Hollweg J, Kausch E, Burmester U

Abstract: The construction and mode of operation are described of a simple modular instrument for flow injection analysis. The instrument, which is suitable for multi-component analysis of small series of samples, was applied in determination of nicotine, NO3-, Cl-, NH4+ and PO43- in tobacco. Stopped-flow conditions permitted removal of background absorbance originating from the sample matrix.
Plant Sample preparation Extraction Automation Dialysis Gas diffusion Stopped-flow

"Automated Colorimetric Assay For Urine Nicotine Metabolites: A Suitable Alternative To Cotinine Assays For The Assessment Of Smoking Status"
Clin. Chim. Acta 1987 Volume 170, Issue 2-3 Pages 255-262
Eino V. J. Puhakainen*, Robert D. Barlow and Jukka T. Salonen

Abstract: A modification of the direct barbituric acid colorimetric method previously described (Barlow et al., Ibid., 1987, 165, 45) for determination of urinary nicotine is described. The method has been automated with use of a continuous-flow autoanalyzer. (described and illustrated). Response was rectilinear up to 250 µM (cotinine equivalents). The coefficient of variation was 6.8% (n = 10). Up to 250 samples per day could be analyzed. Results correlated well (r = 0.91) with those by RIA.
Urine Clinical analysis Spectrophotometry Method comparison

"Assessment Of The Automated Colorimetric And The High Performance Liquid Chromatographic Methods For Nicotine Intake By Urine Samples Of Smokers' Smoking Low- And Medium-yield Cigarettes"
Clin. Chim. Acta 1991 Volume 196, Issue 2-3 Pages 159-166
Sakari A. Kolonen* and Eino V. J. Puhakainen

Abstract: HPLC was essentially as described previously (Arch. Toxicol., Suppl., 1988, 12, 423), whilst the colorimetric barbituric acid (I) test with use of a continuous-flow analyzer. was as described by Puhakainen (Clin. Chim. Acta, 1987, 170, 255). HPLC determined only cotinine, and calibration graphs (treated urine samples) were rectilinear over the concentration. range 0.05 to 1.0 mg L-1 with coefficient of variation in the range 2.4 to 5.0%. The detection limit was 2 µg L-1 and the throughput was 50 per day. I could be used to detect most of the nicotine metabolites, and the calibration graph was rectilinear over the range 0 to 40 mg L-1 cotinine equivalents, with coefficient of variation in the range 2.2 to 4.2%. The subtraction of interference arising from the natural color of urine (cotinine equivalent of ~0.6 to 0.7 mg l-1) reduced the throughput of samples to 150 per day. It was concluded that use of I was an inexpensive and rapid alternative to HPLC for estimating the nicotine exposure of smokers.
Urine HPLC Clinical analysis Spectrophotometry Automation Interferences Low cost

"Applications Of Surface-enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) To Chemical Detection"
Spectroscopy 1995 Volume 10, Issue 3 Pages 20-25
Storey, J.M.E.;Barber, T.E.;Shelton, R.D.;Wachter, E.A.;Carron, K.T.;Jiang, Y.

Abstract: lectrochemical surface-enhanced Raman spectrometry (SERS) was used to detect chlorinated hydrocarbons in ground water, in tobacco smoke and aqueous cyanide ions. Hybrid substrate SERS was used for the detection of organic compounds in liquid and gas phases, using a flow-through cell. The experimental protocols were described previously. (Appl Spectrosc., 1994, 48, 1265; Shelton et al., Ibid., 1994, 48, 1007; Wachter et al.,Ibid., 1995, 49, 193; and Barber et al., Ibid., 1994, 48, 1423). The detection limits for hydrocarbons in electrolytes were a few ppm; they were an order of magnitude higher in groundwater. No calibration data are given. The response to cyanide was linear for 10^-100 ppm. The detection limit for nicotine in smoke was 15 ppb (no calibration data given). The advantages and limitations of the methods are discussed and future research directions are outlined.
Smoke Environmental Raman Review