University of North Florida
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Stuart Chalk, Ph.D.
Department of Chemistry
University of North Florida
Phone: 1-904-620-1938
Fax: 1-904-620-3535
Email: schalk@unf.edu
Website: @unf

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d-Lactic acid

  • IUPAC Name: (2R)-2-hydroxypropanoic acid
  • Molecular Formula: C3H6O3
  • CAS Registry Number: 10326-41-7
  • InChI: InChI=1S/C3H6O3/c1-2(4)3(5)6/h2,4H,1H3,(H,5,6)/t2-/m1/s1
  • InChI Key: JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UWTATZPHSA-N

@ ChemSpider@ NIST@ PubChem

Citations 6

"Simultaneous Determination Of L(+)- And D(-)-lactic Acid By Use Of Immobilized Enzymes In A Flow Injection System"
Anal. Chim. Acta 1985 Volume 175, Issue 1 Pages 301-304
Toshio Yao and Tamotsu Wasa

Abstract: The stream carrying injected sample was split to follow parallel channels, each containing an immobilized L(+)- or D(-)-lactate dehydrogenase reactor and a mixing coil of different dimensions, thus providing separate peaks for L(+)-lactic acid(I) and D(-)-lactic acid(II). The flows were re-merged before reaching the thin-layer amperometric flow-cell detector, which contained a diaphorase - bovine serum albumin membrane covalently attached to one side of a platinum sheet (anode), a silver - AgCl reference electrode and a stainless-steel auxiliary electrode. The carrier solution was 0.1 M pyrophosphate buffer of pH 9.5, 0.5 mM in NAD+ and 1 mM in K3Fe(CN)6. At the diaphorase membrane the NADH generated by the lactate dehydrogenase produced Fe(CN)64-, which was measured amperometrically at 0.4 V. Calibration graphs were rectilinear for up to 2 mM I or -II; detection limits were 2 µM for I and 5 µM for II, and coefficient of variation at the 0.1 mM level (n = 10) were 2.3% and 2.0%, respectively.
Amperometry Electrode Immobilized enzyme

"D-Lactic Acid In Pork As A Freshness Indicator Monitored By Immobilized D-lactate Dehydrogenase Using Sequential Injection Analysis"
Anal. Chim. Acta 1993 Volume 283, Issue 2 Pages 727-737
Hun-Chi Shu, Håkan Håkanson and Bo Mattiasson

Abstract: Ground pork, homogenized with 1 M HClO4 for 10 min was diluted with water, the pH was adjusted with 2 M KOH to 10^-11 and the solution was further diluted with water. D-Lactic acid (I) was determined in the solution by a fully computerized sequential injection analysis system. A dual-piston, sinusoidal flow pump was used to aspirate the following liquid segments into the holding tube: (i) 0.1 M glycylglycine buffer containing 0.07 M glutamate of pH 10 (buffer A); (ii) 4 mM NAD+ solution; (iii) sample solution; (iv) 4 mM NAD+ solution; and (v) buffer A. The direction of the piston was reversed and v, iv and iii were transported to the enzyme column (3 cm x 4 mm i.d.) containing D-lactate dehydrogenase and L-alanine aminotransferase immobilized onto silica beads. The flow was stopped for 90 s. The piston was moved forward to expel all the reagent and products through the detector cell (30 µL) where the absorbance of NADH was measured at 340 nm. The calibration graph was linear up to 10 mM I and the detection limit was 0.1 mM. The RSD (n = 5) was 3%. The method was used to measure the change in I concentration in pork during vacuum- and chilled-storage.
Meat Spectrophotometry Sample preparation Sequential injection Immobilized enzyme Silica Stopped-flow

"Online Monitoring Of D-lactic Acid During A Fermentation Process Using Immobilized D-lactate Dehydrogenase In A Sequential Injection Analysis System"
Anal. Chim. Acta 1995 Volume 300, Issue 1-3 Pages 277-285
Hun-Chi Shu, Håkan Håkanson and Bo Mattiasson*

Abstract: A PC-automated sequential injection analysis (SIA) system was used to monitor the production of D-lactic acid during the batch fermentation of Lactobacillus delbrueckii ATCC 9649. Sampling was carried out from the flux of a cellulose acetate membrane filtration unit through which the broth was continuously circulated. Cell-free permeate was diluted with 0.1 M phosphate buffer of pH 7 and passed through rotary and three-way valves to enzyme and blank reactors. The enzyme reactor contained D-lactate dehydrogenase co-immobilized with L-alanine aminotransferase on porous glass. The measuring conditions were: 0.1 M glycylglycine buffer including 70 mM glutamic acid as carrier buffer of pH 10, 4 mM NAD+ cofactor in glycylglycine buffer solution and an incubation time of 90 s. Detection was by spectrophotometric absorbance measurement (340 nm for NADH). The total analysis time was 182 s including the incubation time while the flow was stopped. The calibration graph was linear in the range 2-25 mM D-lactic acid and the detection limit was 1 mM. The results from SIA were comparable with those obtained by the offline Boehringer enzymatic kit method.
Fermentation broth Spectrophotometry Sequential injection Stopped-flow Automation Computer Method comparison Immobilized enzyme Glass

"Application Of Sequential-injection Analysis As Process Analyzers"
Lab. Rob. Autom. 1998 Volume 10, Issue 6 Pages 325-337
R. E. Taljaard, J. F. van Staden

Abstract: The development of sequential-injection analysis (SIA) from its mother technique flow injection analysis (FIA) is reviewed. A short historical background is given as well as discussions on the basic principles and operational parameters governing the design of an SLA system. Single-, double-, and multizone systems are described together with more complicated systems including calibration, dilution, extraction, dialysis, titrations, separation, pre-concentration, and systems incorporating mixing chambers.
Spectrophotometry Renewable surface Jet ring cell Sequential injection Kinetic Review Mixing chamber Preconcentration Titrations Extraction Dilution Calibration

"A Stop-flow Sequential Injection Analysis Using Immobilized D-lactate Dehydrogenase For Online D-lactic Acid Monitoring During A Fermentation Process"
Biosensors for Food Analysis 1998 Volume 167, Issue 1 Pages 144-153
H.-C. Shu

Abstract: An automatic title system was set up to monitor the prodn. of D-lactic acid during batch fermentation of Lactobacillus delbrueckii. Samples were taken from the flux of a membrane filtration unit. Sequential injection analysis technol. proved to be a promising system to monitor D-lactic acid prodn. online during the fermentation process.
Fermentation broth Sequential injection Process monitoring Immobilized enzyme Stopped-flow

"Electrochemical Biosensors For Assays Of L-Malic And D-Lactic Acids In Wines"
Am. J. Enol. Vitic. 1996 Volume 47, Issue 1 Pages 11-16
M. Gilis, H. Durliat, and M. Comtat

Abstract: The knowledge of L-malic acid concentration is important for the follow-up of grape maturation and of malolactic fermentation; in the same way, D- lactic acid concentration gives information about the growth of lactic piqûre. A simple and inexpensive assay method is proposed with the use of amperometric biosensors developed for this specific application. The results are compared to those obtained with the enzymatic spectrophotometric method (Boehringer kit). The difference between the two measurement results shows that colored substances interfere with the compounds assayed in the case of red wine. To minimize this effect, two methods are proposed: a differential measurement or the addition of charcoal to the sample for the adsorption of colored substances. The short response time allows analysis of 100 samples every day, and the biosensor can work for one month with the same enzymatic solution.
Wine Biotechnology Sensor Sensor Spectroelectrochemistry Electrode Low cost