University of North Florida
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Stuart Chalk, Ph.D.
Department of Chemistry
University of North Florida
Phone: 1-904-620-1938
Fax: 1-904-620-3535
Email: schalk@unf.edu
Website: @unf

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Hemoglobin

  • CAS Registry Number: 9008-02-0

@ ChemSpider@ NIST@ PubChem

Citations 7

"Determination Of Hemoglobin Based On Its Enzymatic Activity For The Oxidation Of O-phenylenediamine With Hydrogen Peroxide"
Anal. Chim. Acta 2000 Volume 413, Issue 1-2 Pages 109-113
Ke Zhang, Ruxiu Cai, Danhua Chen and Luyuan Mao

Abstract: A new method has been developed for the determination of hemoglobin (Hb) based on its enzymatic activity for the oxidation of o-phenylenediamine with hydrogen peroxide. Stopped-flow spectrophotometry was used to study the kinetic behavior of the oxidation reaction. The absorbance of the reaction product, 2,3-diaminophenazine, at the wavelength of 425 nm was recorded every millisecond during the first 0.2 min of the reaction. The initial reaction rate obtained at 48°C was proportional to the concentration of Hb in the range of 8.5 x 10^-56.5 x 10^-11 mol/l. Excess of bovine serum albumin, Ca(II), Mg(II), Cu(II) and glucose did not interfere. The relative standard deviations were within 5% for the determination of different concentrations of Hb. The detection limit was found to be 3.2 x 10^-12 mol/l.
Urine Spectrophotometry Stopped-flow Interferences Kinetic Optimization Indirect

"Catalytic Reduction Of Myoglobin And Haemoglobin At Chemically Modified Electrodes Containing Methylene Blue"
Anal. Chem. 1988 Volume 60, Issue 20 Pages 2263-2268
Jiannong Ye and Richard P. Baldwin

Abstract: Electrodes that respond electrocatalytically to myoglobin(I) and haemoglobin(II) were prepared by immersing the polished end surface of spectroscopic-grade graphite rods (5-mm diameter) for 60 s in a stirred 0.01% solution of methylene blue(III) in 0.1 M phosphate buffer of pH 5.3, then rinsing the rods with water. Cyclic voltammetric studies showed that the presence of I or II caused an increase in the reduction current and a decrease in the oxidation current of III. The electrodes were stable for several hours, and could be regenerated by polishing and re-immersion in the III solution. The electrodes could be used as detectors in flow injection analysis or reversed-phase HPLC (details given) by operation at -0.12 V vs. Ag - AgCl, and gave detection limits of 10 and 20 pmol injected for I and II, respectively; response was rectilinear over 2 to 3 orders of magnitude.
HPLC Electrode Detector

"Direct Electrochemistry Of Hemoglobin At Silver Electrode Modified By Lipoic Acid Monolayer"
Anal. Lett. 1998 Volume 31, Issue 13 Pages 2159-2171
Song Zhang; Wen-liang Sun; Wen Zhang; Katsunobu Yamamoto; Shuguang Tao; Jiye Jin

Abstract: The direct electrochemistry of Hb was studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and flow injection analysis (FIA) on a silver electrode modified by a self-assembled monolayer of lipoic acid (LA). Lipoic acid molecules can strongly absorb onto the Ag electrode surface through the cleavage of the S-H bond and the formation of the Ag-S bond. The observed adsorption coverage of LA demonstrates that the LA molecules spontaneously form a self-assembled monolayer. Experimental data show that LA can promote the redox process of Hb at the modified electrode surface. This chemical modified electrode (CME) exhibits good stability in the CV and FIA. Linear sweep voltammetric measurement of Hb at the CME reveals a linear relationship between the oxidative peak current and the concentration of Hb in the range of 5.0 x 10^-7 - 1.5 x 10^-5 mol/L. The relative standard derivation (RSD) for six replicate measurements of 5.0 x 10^-6 mol/L Hb in FIA is 2.8%. The detection limit is 2.0 x 10^-7 mol/L. The reaction mechanism involves the hydrogen bond/salt bridge formation between the carboxylate of LA and the protonated lysine residues of Hb that can enhance the electron transfer reaction. It can be used to detect Hb in real examples.
Voltammetry Electrode Electrode Apparatus Detector

"Flow Injection Analysis Of Myoglobin And Haemoglobin At A Toluidine Blue [C. I. Basic Blue 17] Chemically Modified Electrode"
Electroanalysis 1991 Volume 3, Issue 3 Pages 203-207
Jianxun Zhou, Erkang Wang

Abstract: A polished vitreous-carbon working electrode was cycled between -0.40 and +1.3 V vs. Ag - AgCl at 100 mV s-1 for 1 min in 1 M H2SO4, and was subsequently maintained at -0.40 V vs. Ag - AgCl for 30 s in the mediator solution of 50 µM-toluidine blue in 1 M H2SO4. For flow injection analysis (FIA), a freshly polished vitreous-carbon working electrode placed in the top half of the thin-layer flow-cell assembly so that only the flat end of the electrode was in contact with the solution When the modified electrode was used a detector for FIA at a constant applied potential of -0.30 V vs. SCE, it gave detection limits of 20 and 50 ng (1.2 and 0.78 pmol) injected of myoglobin and haemoglobin, respectively, with a dynamic rectilinear concentration. range of two orders of magnitude. After a brief equilibration period, the electrode retained nearly 90% of its initial myoglobin response over 8 h of continuous exposure in the flow-through system.
Electrode Electrode Potentiometry

"Electrocatalytic Reduction Of Haemoglobin At A Chemically Modified Electrode Containing Riboflavin"
Electroanalysis 1997 Volume 9, Issue 2 Pages 115-119
Wenliang Sun, Jilie Kong, And Jiaqi Deng

Abstract: The electrode was constructed from the end face of a 5 mm diameter graphite rod enclosed in a Plexiglass tube. The exposed rod face was polished with emery paper, rinsed with water, sonicated successively in 1:1 HNO3, acetone and water and immersed for 6 h in 0.1 mM riboflavin (I) in buffer of pH 6.1. Cyclic voltammograms of the electrode in KH2PO4/Na2HPO4 buffer of pH 6.8 showed two symmetrical I reduction and oxidation peaks with E1/2 -0.37 V vs. a saturated Ag/AgCl reference electrode. A Pt-wire auxiliary electrode was used and solutions were deaerated with N2 for 15 min before voltammetry. After 30 min continuous use at pH 6.8 the electrode activity was 60% of the original value. In the presence of haemoglobin (II) the I reduction and oxidation peak heights were increased and decreased, respectively, because of electron transfer between I and II. Calibration graphs obtained at scan rate of 50 mV/s were linear for 30-480 µM-II. The effect of pH on electrode catalytic activity was studied. The electrodes may be useful for FIA and analyzing other proteins.
Voltammetry Electrode Electrode Optimization pH

"Catalytic Reduction Of Hemoglobin At Thionine Chemically Modified Electrode And Flow Injection Analysis Applications"
Electrochim. Acta 1992 Volume 37, Issue 4 Pages 595-602
Jianxun Zhou and Erkang Wang*

Abstract: A thionine-containing chemical modified electrode (CME) was constructed with glassy C substrate by potential sweep oxidation., electrodeposition, and adsorption procedures, and electrocatalytic reduction of Hb was carried out and characterized at the CME under batch and flow conditions. Comparison of the catalytic response toward Hb obtained at the CME was made mainly in terms of the potential dependence, the detectability, and long-term stability. When used in flow injection analysis experiments with the detector monitored at a constant potential applied at -0.35 V vs. SCE, a detection limit of 0.15-1.5 pmol level of Hb injected was achieved at the CME, with linear response range over two orders of magnitude. All the CMEs retained >70% of their initial Hb response level over 8 h of continuous service in the flow-through system.
Electrode Electrode Catalysis Apparatus Detector

"The Adaptation Of Four Protein Determination Methods To Flow Injection Analysis"
Z. Med. Lab. Diagn. 1989 Volume 30, Issue 4 Pages 234-238
Peisker, K.;Matschiner, H.

Abstract: The adaptation of four manual methods to the flow injection analysis is described for the determination of proteins (Biuret- and Exton-method, albumin and hemoglobin determination). The comparison of analytical results of FIA with the manual methods shows a very good agreement of values. Flow injection analysis appears not only as an excellent possibility to automate these 4 investigated methods but it also shows unlike the manual methods a considerable better precision and accuracy of the analytical results and a reduction of time and materials.
Blood Standard method Method comparison Automation