University of North Florida
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Stuart Chalk, Ph.D.
Department of Chemistry
University of North Florida
Phone: 1-904-620-1938
Fax: 1-904-620-3535
Email: schalk@unf.edu
Website: @unf

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Fluorescein

  • IUPAC Name: 3',6'-dihydroxyspiro[2-benzofuran-3,9'-xanthene]-1-one
  • Molecular Formula: C20H12O5
  • CAS Registry Number: 2321-07-5
  • InChI: InChI=1S/C20H12O5/c21-11-5-7-15-17(9-11)24-18-10-12(22)6-8-16(18)20(15)14-4-2-1-3-13(14)19(23)25-20/h1-10,21-22H
  • InChI Key: GNBHRKFJIUUOQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N

@ ChemSpider@ NIST@ PubChem

Citations 4

"Synthesis, Characterisation And Preliminary Analytical Evaluation Of Three Oxamide Reagents For Peroxyoxalate Chemiluminescence"
Anal. Chim. Acta 2000 Volume 403, Issue 1-2 Pages 145-154
Neil W. Barnett, Richard Bos, Raelene N. Evans and Richard A. Russell

Abstract: The synthesis, characterisation and preliminary analytical evaluation of three oxamide reagents, for peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence, are described. The analytical figures of merit for the three oxamides were assessed using flow injection analysis and the fluorophores rhodamine B and fluoroescein in a solvent mixture consisting of tetrahydrofuran, acetonitrile and aqueous buffer (1 + 1 + 2 by volume). The calibration functions approached linearity and the best detection limit (for both analytes) was 2 x 10^-9 M when using the oxamide 2,2-oxalyl-bis [(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imino] ethylene-bis(N-methylpyridinium) trifluoromethanesulfonate. These results were found to compare favourably with those obtained for, the popular peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence reagent, bis(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl) oxalate (TCPO), using an identical solvent system. However, the detection limits achieved with TCPO were degraded at pH 10 due to a significant increase in the background emission. The addition of the base catalyst, imidazole, to these chemiluminescent reactions resulted in the deterioration of analytical performance for both TCPO and the oxamide reagents.
Chemiluminescence Optimization Method comparison

"Flow Injection Analysis With Chemiluminescence Detection In The Determination Of Fluorescein- And Fluorescamine-labeled Species"
Anal. Chim. Acta 1983 Volume 145, Issue 1 Pages 203-206
V. K. Mahant, J. N. Miller and H. Thakrar

Abstract: Many fluorescence immunoassays have indifferent limits of detection because of the background signals from biological samples. Scattered light contributes to this background, but can be eliminated by exciting conventional fluorescent labels via chemiluminescence reactions involving bis(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)oxalate. This reaction, whose rate can be controlled, is conveniently used in a flow injection system with a luminometer as a detector. Such a system is applied to study fluorescein- and fluorescamine-labelled species at concentrations as low as 10^-11 M (ca. 0.5 pg in a 100 µL sample). The effects of antibodies on the luminescence signals from labelled antigens are discussed.
Clinical analysis Chemiluminescence Immunoassay

"Flow Injection Analysis With Front-surface Illumination Laser-induced Fluorescence Spectrometry For Analytical Applications"
J. Flow Injection Anal. 1992 Volume 9, Issue 1 Pages 39-46
J.L. .BURGUERA, M. BURGUERA, LUIS HERNANDEZ, M . DE LA GUARDIA and AMPARO SALVADOR

Abstract: A flow injection analysis with a front-surface illumination laser induced fluorescence system employed the principle of zone merging and a laser colinear arrangement for the determination of 0.01-1 pg of Na fluorescein (I) by injecting 10 µL sample volume After optimization of flow injection conditions, the detection limit of 3 fg of I was attained, which was 4 orders of magnitude better than that obtained by a well established conventional fluorescence method.
Fluorescence Optimization Method comparison

"Single Potential Electrophoresis On-chip Using Pressure Pulse Injection"
IEEE Proc. 2005 Volume SSAM, Issue 1 Pages 147-150
Lacharme, F.; Gijs, M.A.M.;

Abstract: We propose two new injection techniques for use in electrophoresis microchips, which we call 'front gate pressure injection' and 'back gate pressure injection'. Both techniques enable a controlled and variable size sample introduction with reduced bias compared to electrokinetic gated injection. A continuous flow of sample and buffer solution is electrokinetically driven near to the entrance of the separation channel, using a single voltage that is constant in time. A short sample plug is then injected in the separation channel by a 0.1 sec pressure pulse. The latter is generated using the mechanical deflection of a poly(dimethylsiloxane) membrane that is loosely placed on a dedicated chip reservoir. Back gate pressure injection was found to significantly decrease the injection bias compared to a classical gate flow injection while keeping the separation efficiency for fluorescein/rhodamine B solutions.
Fluorescence Microfluidic Apparatus Injector