University of North Florida
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Stuart Chalk, Ph.D.
Department of Chemistry
University of North Florida
Phone: 1-904-620-1938
Fax: 1-904-620-3535
Email: schalk@unf.edu
Website: @unf

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Bromate

  • IUPAC Name: bromate
  • Molecular Formula: BrO3-
  • CAS Registry Number: 15541-45-4
  • InChI: InChI=1S/BrHO3/c2-1(3)4/h(H,2,3,4)/p-1
  • InChI Key: SXDBWCPKPHAZSM-UHFFFAOYSA-M

@ ChemSpider@ NIST@ PubChem

Citations 13

"Sensitivity Enhancement By Potentiometric Flow Injection Analysis Based On Redox Reaction With An Iron(III) - Iron(II) Buffer"
Anal. Chim. Acta 1992 Volume 261, Issue 1-2 Pages 405-410
Nobuhiko Ishibashi, Toshihiko Imato*, Sumio Yamasaki and Hiroki Ohura

Abstract: For the determination of oxidizing species, the sample solution (200 µL) is injected into water as carrier and the stream is mixed with a reagent solution containing 0.01 M Fe(III) - 0.01 M Fe(II), 0.4 M NaBr and 1.2 M H2SO4 in a 100-cm reaction coil. The resulting solution passes to an oxidation - reduction potential electrode detector (cf. Ibid., 1988, 214, 349) for potentiometric measurement. The transient potential change is rectilinearly related to the concentration. of Cr2O72-, BrO3-, ClO2-, H2O2 or O3 (sensitivities tabulated). Detection limits for the first three species are 0.3 µM, 0.05 µM and 0.1 µM, respectively; the sensitivity towards H2O2 is enhanced by adding 0.5% of (NH4)6Mo7O24 to the reagent solution. A sampling rate of 40 h-1 is attainable. Highly sensitive potentiometric flow injection analysis for oxidative species such as bromate, chlorite, dichromate, hydrogen peroxide and ozone is described, using an Fe(III)-Fe(II) potential buffer containing bromide. The method is based on detection of large transient potential changes of an oxidation-reduction potential electrode which appear in short period after mixing a sample with the potential buffer. This large transient potential change is due to bromine generated by the reaction of the sample with bromide in the potential buffer. Anal. sensitivities obtained by the transient change of potential are enhanced 25-350-fold compared with that using the change in equilibrium. potential. Detection limits of 5 x 10^-8 M for bromate, 1 x 10^-7 M for chlorite and 3 x 10^-7 M for dichromate were obtained by using a 0.01 M Fe(III)-0.01 M Fe(II) potential buffer containing 0.4 M NaBr and 1.2 M H2SO4. For the determination of hydrogen peroxide, the addition of ammonium molybdate to the potential buffer accelerates the generation of bromine caused by the reaction of hydrogen peroxide with bromide and thus enhances the sensitivity.
Potentiometry Redox

"Determination Of Potassium Bromate In Flour By Flow Injection Analysis"
Analyst 1987 Volume 112, Issue 2 Pages 137-139
Brian G. Osborne

Abstract: Flour (5 g) was shaken with 20 mL of ZnSO4 solution (20 g l-1), then 4 mL of NaOH solution (21 g l-1) and 1 mL of water were added. The mixture was shaken for 5 min, and then centrifuged and filtered. Potassium bromate in the filtrate was determined by photometric flow injection analysis based on its reaction with acidified KI and starch. Response was rectilinear from 0.5 to 5.0 mg L-1 and recovery was 90%. The method was compared with a titration method. Analysis of eight samples in 15 min is possible by this method.
Flour Spectrophotometry Sample preparation Tecator Extraction Method comparison

"Iodimetric Determination Of Iodate, Bromate, Hypochlorite, Ascorbic Acid And Thiourea Using Flow Injection Amperometry"
Analyst 1989 Volume 114, Issue 5 Pages 583-586
Mohamed A. Abdalla and Hassan M. Al-Swaidan

Abstract: Iodate, bromate and hypochlorite were determined as iodine by flow injection amperometry at a platinum or glassy carbon electrode by injecting them into an eluent 0.20 M in hydrochloric acid and 0.024 M in potassium iodide or an eluent 2 M in sulphuric acid and 0.12 M in potassium iodide. The rectilinearity range is from 10^-3 to 10^-7M. Organic compounds that can be oxidized or iodinated by iodine were determined on-line by injecting them in acidic solution into an iodate-iodide eluent and observing the decrease in the iodine signal. The determination was also performed by injecting a pre-reacted solution of iodine and the organic compound and monitoring the excess of iodine.
Amperometry

"Shapes Of Flow Injection Signals. Effect Of Refractive Index On Spectrophotometric Signals Obtained For Online Formation Of Bromide From Bromate, Bromide And Hydrogen Ion In A Single-channel Manifold Using Large-volume Time-based Injections"
Analyst 1990 Volume 115, Issue 5 Pages 593-597
Arnold G. Fogg, Edward Cipko, Luciano Farabella and Julian F. Tyson

Abstract: The shapes of the spectrophotometric signals obtained with a single-channel manifold for large-volume (4 ml) time-based injections for the six possible combinations of the reagents bromate, bromide and nitric acid in the injectate and carrier stream, by which bromine can be formed on-line, have been determined. The injectate and carrier stream were 5.25 x 10^-4 M in bromate, 0.030 M in bromide and 1 M in nitric acid when these reagents were present. The signals consisted of two separate peaks caused by formation of bromine at the front and rear boundaries of the injected bolus. When both injectate and carrier stream were 1 M in nitric acid (i.e., for the reagent combination H+BrO3--H+Br-) the two peaks were of equal height, and the signal was virtually the same whichever solution was used as the injectate. In reagent combinations where only one solution contained nitric acid the peaks were different in size, the smaller peak being that produced by the boundary in which the acidic solution was flowing behind the other solution. This difference in size between the front and rear peaks was shown to be caused by refractive index effects. When the refractive indices of the two solutions were matched either by increasing the potassium bromide concentration or by making the non-acidic solution 7% in sodium nitrate, the peaks became equal in size. When the potassium bromide concentration was increased there was an appreciable increase in peak size (about 4-fold): the changes in the amount of bromine formed must be due to kinetic or equilibrium effects. This increase in size did not occur when sodium nitrate was used to balance the refractive indices.
Spectrophotometry Refractive index Timed injection

"Stability Of Bromate Species Immobilized On Microcolumns Of Activated Alumina"
Analyst 1998 Volume 123, Issue 5 Pages 981-982
A. R. Elwaer, C. W. McLeod and K. C. Thompson

Abstract: Microcolumns of activated alumina (n = 30) were charged with bromate standard solution (0.5 mL, 6.0 µg L-1) and stored at 4°C in a light-tight container. Microcolumns were removed at regular time intervals (1 hour, 2 and 3 days and 1, 2, 3, 4 and 8 weeks) and bromate species were eluted and quantified by flow injection ICP-MS, Analyte recoveries were found to be quantitative (96-101%) and reproducible over the eight week period, These results indicate that for trace level determinations (µg L-1) of bromate, a microcolumn format may provide a convenient and reliable route for delivery of external calibrants and reference materials. (15 References)
Mass spectrometry Activated alumina Column Solid phase extraction

"Fluorimetric Determination Of Bromate By Ion-exchange Separation And Post-column Derivatization"
Microchim. Acta 1998 Volume 129, Issue 3-4 Pages 281-290
Achim Gahr, Norbert Huber and Reinhard Niessner

Abstract: A method for the determination of bromate in drinking water based on a stopped-flow post-column reaction after anion-exchange separation was developed. Sample (100 l) was subjected to ion exchange on an IonPac AS4A column without a guard column with 10 mM boric acid eluent of pH 9.3 (1.75 ml/min). After separation, the sample zone was mixed in a T-piece with the azo dye sulfonaphtholazoresorcinol (SNAR) in sodium bromide in HClO4. The sample zone was then disconnected from the carrier via a 6-port by-pass switch (stop-phase). The sample zone was then inserted into the main stream and mixed (flow-phase) with gallium nitrate. The residual SNAR was quantitatively converted to a fluorescent binuclear complex. The fluorescence was recorded continuously at 585 nm (excitation at 521 nm). The determination was based on the decrease in fluorescence intensity with increasing bromate concentration. The method was linear up to 15 g/l with a detection limit of 0.28 g/l of bromate.
Water HPIC Ion exchange Fluorescence Post-column derivatization

"Determination Of Bromate By Flow Injection Analysis With 5-Br-PADAP And Thiocyanate"
Anal. Lett. 1990 Volume 23, Issue 1 Pages 119-124
Chen Xingguo; Zhou Xingwei; Hu Zhide; Kou Zongyan

Abstract: An original method is established to determine microamounts of BrO3 - in KC103 by flow injection analysis. A cooperative reaction mechanism is also proposed based on the formation of a red-violet and metastable triatomic ion association 5-Br-PADAPH2 2.BrO3-. SCN-, which shows maximum absorbence at 550 nm. The method offers the advantages of simplicity, rapidity and sensitivity. Beer's law obeyed from 0.25 to 2.56 µg/mL of BrO3-, and 90 determinations per hour is permitted under optimized variables by a modified simplex method.
Spectrophotometry Simplex

"Ion Chromatography Of Inorganic Anions With Potentiometric Detection Using A Metallic Copper Electrode"
J. Chromatogr. A 1985 Volume 321, Issue 1 Pages 363-374
P. R. Haddad andP. W. Alexander, M. Trojanowicz

Abstract: The determination of inorganic anions by ion chromatography with potentiometric detection using a metallic copper indicator electrode is described. The electrode response to inorganic anions can result from consumption of cuprous and cupric ions in the diffusion layer at the electrode surface, from production of copper ions due to oxidation of metallic copper, or as a result of displacement of a copper-complexing ligand from the eluent by an eluted non-complexing inorganic anion. The first possibility is exemplified by the determination of cyanide, chloride, bromide, iodide and thiocyanate, whereas the second possibility is illustrated by the determination of iodate, bromate and chlorate. An example of the indirect detection method is the determination of nitrite, nitrate and sulphate, using sodium tartrate as eluent. Calibration data for all of the above detection methods are provided and are interpreted in terms of theoretical response equations. Detection limits are also presented and are shown to be strongly dependent on the chromatographic conditions used and on the electrode response mechanism applicable to each anion.
HPIC Electrode Electrode Potentiometry

"Potentiometric Flow Injection Analysis Of Trace Bromate Based On Its Redox Reaction With The Iron(III)-iron(II) Buffer Solution Containing Bromide"
Bunseki Kagaku 1986 Volume 35, Issue 4 Pages 349-355
Ohura, H.;Imato, T.;Yamasaki, S.;Ishibashi, N.

Abstract: The sample solution was analyzed by flow injection analysis by mixing with buffer solution containing 1.2 M H2SO4, 0.4 M NaBr and 0.01 M Fe(III) - Fe(II), in a reaction tube (160 cm x 0.5 mm) at a flow rate of 0.9 mL min-1, and potentiometric detection. The calibration graph was rectilinear for 1 to 5 µM-BrO3-, and the coefficient of variation was 0.98% (n = 9). No interference was observed from a 1000-fold excess of Cl-, SO42-, NO2- or PO43-.
Potentiometry Interferences Redox

"Detection Of Oxidizing Agents With Chemiluminescence Method Using Ruthenium Complex"
Chromatography 1998 Volume 19, Issue 4 Pages 340-341
Yokota, K.;Saito, K.;Murakami, S.;Muromatsu, A.;Yamazaki, S.

Abstract: A post-column reaction system for determination of oxidizing agents such as bromate and iodate was developed. It is based on the chemiluminescent reaction of tris(2,2'-bipyridine) ruthenium(III) with oxalic acid which is produced by oxidation of tartaric acid with oxidizing agents in a PTFE reaction coil under UV irradn. The relative standard deviation for bromate obtained by FIA was 4.8% (n = 7) at 125 pmol/20 µL. The detection limit for bromate obtained by FIA was 19.8 pmol at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3.
Chemiluminescence HPLC Post-column derivatization UV reactor Photochemistry

"Flow Injection Analysis. A New Technique In Analytical Chemistry"
FMBRA Bull. 1985 Volume 5, Issue NA Pages 210-NA
Osborne, B.G.;Barrett, G.M.

Abstract: NA
Gypsum Flour Food Industrial Spectrophotometry Tecator

"Potentiometric Flow Injection Analysis Of Redox Compounds Using Redox Potential Buffer"
J. Flow Injection Anal. 1991 Volume 8, Issue 1 Pages 2-20
Hiroki OHURA, Toshihiko IMATO, Sumio YAMASAKI, Nobuhiko ISHIBASHI

Abstract: A review is presented, with 38 references, on the use of the cited technique for the determination of water, oxalic acid, hydrazine, BrO3-, ClO-, non-reducing and reducing sugars, and ethanol.
Potentiometry Buffer Redox Review

"Kinetic Approach To Reaction Among Bromate, Bromide And Iron(II) Utilized For Potentiometric Flow Injection Analysis Of Trace Bromate Based On Its Redox Reaction With Iron(III)-iron(II) Buffer"
Nippon Kagaku Kaishi 1992 Volume 1992, Issue 8 Pages 797-803
Ohura, H.;Imato, T.;Yamasaki, S.;Ishibashi, N.

Abstract: Reaction pathway and rate of the overall reaction among bromate, bromide, and iron(II) in sulfuric acid solution were studied by stopped-flow spectrophotometry by following the Br concentration. at 447 nm. The absorbance change on addition of BrO3- to the reagent solution of Fe(II) and Br- showed the formation and decay of Br, which indicates successive reactions involving Br as an intermediate. The rate constants were determined sep. by measuring the concentration. change of Br as function of time.
Spectrophotometry Potentiometry Redox Kinetic Stopped-flow